A Black Belt practitioner states in a project report that "we are 95% confident that the average age of consumers of Product A are between 34 and 38 years". What does a confidence interval denote? A. they are 5% confident about the average age of the population B. they are 95% confident about the average age of the sample C. they are 5% confident about the average age of the sample
D. they are 95% confident about the average age of the population
1) What significance level do Six Sigma practitioners commonly accept as a risk of committing Type I error: a) 0.5 b) 0.005 c) 5
d) None of the above
Design for Test is a design technique that offers a benefit of: A. customer satisfaction tests B. defect diagnosis C. manufacturability
D. smaller process variation
5) A Black Belt is tasked to calculate a mode from the following computer processors' width distribution. What is the mode? 0.258, 0.268, 0.258, 0.256, 0.251, 0.251, 0.259, 0.257, 0.258, 0.252, 0.258, 0.253 a) 0.256 b) 3.079 c) 0.258
d) 0.2575
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is considered to be a ______________ type of accident analysis. A. reactive B. reflective C. proactive
D. probative
The Define phase is the first phase of Six Sigma's DMAIC cycle. If this phase is not planned for and carried out thoroughly, a project may stall and not transition to other phases successfully. Which of the following statements is well-defined? A. encourage vendors to pay their invoices on time by threatening legal action B. improve employee morale by increasing cooperation C. reduce the reject rate of service B from 30% to 10% within 2 calendar years
D. launch a CEO nationwide recruitment campaign
The Risk Priority Number (RPN) methodology is an analytic tool that is used to determine the risks associated with potential problems for a product or a process. The following are components of the RPN equation EXCEPT: A. source B. severity C. occurrence D. detection
.
5) Levene's test is used to assess variance homogeneity. The significance form the test is less than 0.05. What is a conclusion : a) Variances are not significantly different and parametric tests can be used b) Variances are significantly different and a non-parametric test will probably have to be used c) Not enough information to draw any conclusions
d) Data is normally distributed
A six sigma process improvement team has analyzed a manufacturing process. USL was 8.25 and LSL 8 while the standard deviation of the process was 0.065. What is the Cp of the process? a) 1.1 b) 0.25 c) 0.64
d) 0.39
3) Lean Six Sigma practitioners need to be familiar with ___________ distribution as it is used to model the number of defects per unit of time/distance? a) Normal b) Exponential c) Poisson
d) Bivariate Normal
2) Simple linear regression is often used during the "analyze" stage of the Six Sigma DMAIC methodology. Which term in the following simple linear regression represents the slope? E(Y|x) = β0 + β1x + ε a) E(Y|x) b) β0 c) β1
d) ε
Which distribution is appropriate for a continuous set of data with a fixed lower boundary but no upper boundary? a. Johnson b. exponential c. normal
d. Logormal
2) A Master Black Belt ran a correlation test on employee performance scores and bonus pay. The test returned a coefficient of -0.113. What is the most likely interpretation? a) Bonus pay causes low employee performance b) There is a significant negative correlation between bonus pay and performance c) The coefficient is inconclusive
d) As employee performance increases, bonus pay decreases
A newly hired Green Belt was tasked by his supervising Black Belt to calculate Cp. He was given incomplete information showing that USL is 7.2 and Specification Range is 4.3. How much is LSL? a) Insufficient information to calculate LSL b) 30.96 c) 2.9
d) 1.67
3) ___________ is a statistical software package most often used in conjunction with Lean Six Sigma process improvement projects. a) SPSS b) Minitab c) Savas
d) R
Project scope can be limited by the following factors EXCEPT: A. geography B. demographics C. organizational structures
D. ten year financial projects
An acronym TIMWOOD is associated with: a) A Six Sigma team management technique b) Key concepts in the Toyota Production System c) Brainstorming techniques
d) A segment of FMEA
Richard is promised an amount equal to $10,000 in two years if he keeps his investment with his family's restaurant. He is offered an annual interest rate of 5%. What is the Net Present Value (NPV) of Richard's investment? A. $9,070 B. $7,090 C. $9,090
D. $3,070
A significant limitation of regression analysis is: A. an incomplete understanding of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable B. an incomplete understanding of the relationship between the slope and the random error term C. an incomplete understanding of the relationship between the slope and the intercept
D. an incomplete understanding of the relationship between the intercept and the random error term
2) At a six sigma certification exam a black belt candidate correctly identified that C chart should be used with attribute data when: a) Measuring defects with variable sample size b) Measuring defects with constant sample size c) Measuring defectives with variable sample size
d) Measuring defectives with constant sample size
Managers at a food manufacturing plant are studying the efficiency of sorting processes. They believe that 2% of food products contain defects; to prove this, their stated alternate hypothesis (H1) is that: A. 2% of food products do not contain defects B. 2% of food products contain defects C. 98% of food products do not contain defects
D. not enough information is available
4) Applying Western Electric rules to control charts, what is the correct interpretation for the this control chart? Zone A Between 2σ from the centerline and the control limit (3σ) Zone B Between 1σ and 2σ from the centerline Zone C Within 1σ of the centerline a) Variation is due to common causes b) This is a multi-vary chart c) Process has dual stability
d) Assignable causes seem to be present
In DMAIC project methodology, the 'I' refers to the following: A. integrate current products B. integrate future products C. improve current processes
D. improve future processes
What is the correct sequence for the use of benchmarking in the assessment of process efficiency? A. select KPIs > collect data > analyze data against benchmarks > improve strategies B. select KPIs > select benchmarking targets > collect data > analyze data against benchmarks > improve strategies C. select benchmarking targets > collect data > improve strategies > select KPIs
D. select KPIs > select benchmarking targets > improve strategies > analyze data against benchmarking
Every LSS certification candidate who completed six sigma training at green belt level knows that temperature is measured on a __________ scale. a) Nominal b) Relative c) Ratio
d) Interval
2) A six sigma team is conducting a full factorial design of experiments (DOE) with three factors, two levels and two replicates. How many runs will there be? a) 24 b) 18 c) 8
d) 36
A black belt and a green belt are assigned to an assessment project. They need to measure whether trainers' evaluation scores at various six sigma training locations are in control. The data is variable and a sample size is 45. Which control chart should they use? a) X Bar / S b) X Bar / R c) I-MR
d) NP
Which of the following is not a formula for the defects per opportunity (DPO) calculation: a) TOP/D b) D/(U*O) c) DPU/O
d) D/TOP
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation requests 'business cases' of all new project proposals. What is the main goal behind the preparation of a business case? A. to gather technical requirements for an IT project B. to present financial projections to investors C. to address how the project will address the business need
D. to focus the efforts of executive recruitment
5) A Green Belt conducts a frequency analysis with a bar chart and finds that intake staff's policy and procedure awareness and unnecessary hard copy filing account for 80% of the delay in the application review process. What type of analysis did the Green belt most likely used? a) Pareto analysis b) Experimental delay analysis
c) Failure mode and effects analysis d) Lean Six Sigma Intake analysis
David's team of architectural engineers is prompted by managers to gather Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for their next project. What is the process whereby project KPIs are set against internal and external goals? A. kaizen B. benchmarking C. data gathering
D. organizational restructuring
3) A Green Belt is tasked by a Master Black Belt to calculate the takt time for 36 disability eligibility determination intake applications which need to be processed in 1020 minutes. The green belt correctly calculates the takt time to be: a) 1020 b) 28.3 c) 0.035
d) 0.0035
Albert Technologies is developing a new transistor system to launch in 2012. Which Six Sigma project methodology are managers likely to use? A. DMADV B. DMAIC C. DMAIV
D. DMADC
The origin of Six Sigma is conventionally attributed to the following company: a) Toyota b) Motorola c) AT&T
d) IBM
9. Drake International is compiling a list of their customers who have purchased large items in successive years. They complete a contingency table that compiles biographical information on the customers such as age and occupation along with information on the purchases. What are the values in a contingency table based on? A. prior knowledge B. empirical evidence C. personal experiences
D. public data repository
In measurement system analysis (MSA) reproducibility refers to: a) Same appraiser measuring the same part with the same measurement device getting the same result b) Different appraisers measuring the same part with the same measurement device getting the same result c) Different appraisers measuring the same part with different measurement devices getting the different results
d) Same appraiser measuring the same part with the different measurement devices getting the same result
A Six Sigma team evaluated data from a manufacturing process and determined that the scale which needs to be used needs to have the following attributes: data can be arranged in an order with meaningful differences and without an absolute zero value. Which scale is the Six Sigma team referring to? a) Nominal b) Ordinal c) Interval
d) Ratio
2) The Navy is trying to address a problem of declining number of new recruits. A study commissioned by the Navy recruitment office found that there is a sharp demographic decline among the males aged 18 through 25 years. A Lean Six Sigma team will most likely enter this finding in SWOT analysis as: a) Strength b) Weakness c) Opportunity
d) Threat
5) A Lean Six Sigma team at a tire manufacturing company is trying to visualize patterns of winter tire width variation. A Master Black Belt identified 6 intervals (width ranges) where most of the tire width measurements should fall. Which is the most appropriate basic tool of quality to use? a) Run chart b) Individual and moving range chart c) Histogram
d) Scatter diagram
A Lean Six Sigma team led by a Master Black Belt is trying to drastically reduce the time it takes to complete equipment changeovers at a car manufacturing factory. Which Lean Six Sigma tool is best suited for this objective? a) SMED b) Kanban c) 5 S
d) U chart
A Black Belt is conducting a study of a process with exponential distribution. The mean is 0.235. What is the standard deviation? a) The information is too limited to determine standard deviation b) 0.47 c) 0.055
d) 0.235
As manager of a grocery store, Jason is requested by executives to develop a SIPOC diagram for their latest expansion. What does the P stand for in the acronym? A. process B. production C. project
D. pareto
The following tool is frequently used for Lean Six Sigma projects. What is it called? a) QFD matrix b) Affinity diagram c) SIPOC
d) Pareto chart
Business Process Mapping (BPM) defines what a business does and the various actors within these activities. What is the final product of Business Process Mapping? A. process map B. business map C. business process deliverable
D. business process illustration
A Six Sigma team identified that the calculator frame production process produced sooner or faster or in greater quantity than is needed by the next operation. What type of muda did the Six Sigma identify : a) Waiting b) Processing c) Motion
d) Overproduction
Kaoru Ishikawa worked with other quality professionals such as W.E. Deming to advance quality management. Among his philosophies was for a company to put quality as its greatest priority and not short term profits. Ishikawa is also credited with the development of: A. CTQ diagram B. kaizen diagram C. SWOT analysis
D. cause-and-effect diagram
4) A Black Belt decided to conduct a full factorial experiment to better understand how temperature, pressure and oven metal type affect quality of banana bread baking. All factors have 2 levels. How many runs are needed? a) Insufficient information to calculate b) 16 c) 8
d) 4
Brian is a Management Consultant who is hired to improve the performance of a capital fundraising team. In his initial workshop, he relates the importance of understanding team development and its effects on their upcoming fundraising campaign. After 'forming', teams enter a stage where ideas compete for prominence. What is this stage called? A. adjourning B. performing C. storming D. recognition Answer: C - After 'informing', team development enters a stage of 'storming' where ideas compete for prominence.
Key Takeaway: Storming is the second stage of team development following 'forming'. In this stage, team members present their ideas for the particular task and they must establish a leadership model acceptable to all members. During this stage, they must also learn to resolve problems as they arise.
Which statistical distribution is appropriate for continuous data with neither an upper nor a lower boundary? a. Lognormal b. Weibull c. Exponential
d. Normal
Three samples (1, 2, 3) are compared using ANOVA. The null hypothesis is stated as: A. H0: µ1 = µ2 = µ3 B. H0: µ1 = µ2 C. H1: µ1 = µ2 = µ3
D. H0: µ2 = µ3
4) ___________ is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false. a) p-value b) β c) β-1
d) Power
2) Six Sigma teams go through all these team stages except: a) Leveraging b) Performing c) Storming
d) Forming
2) From the Cost of Quality point processing customer complaints and customer returns are: a) Internal failure costs b) External failure costs c) Prevention costs
d) Appraisal costs
Who is known as the "Father of Six Sigma"? a) Kaoru Ishikawa b) Walter Andrew Shewhart c) Bill Smith
d) Edwards Deming
A production scheduling system which operates as a "pull" system and relies on signaling cards to initiate a production process is called: a) Seiko b) Poka-yoke c) Muri
d) Kanban
4) Which of the following best describes external failure cost? a) Deficiencies found after delivery of products and services to external customers b) Defects caused by customer after warranty expiration c) Defects associated with delays and rework and detected before delivery
d) Deficiencies found over the course of an external audit
Jason's company manufactures parts for large car producers such as Toyota and Honda. Management at his company is committed to continuous improvement in manufacturing standards and practices through rigorous training. What is the name of this practice? A. Kaiser B. error-proofing C. Kaizen
D. teamwork
4) In a normally distributed data 1 standard deviation on each side of the mean would include ________ of the total data? a) 68.2% b) 95.4% c) 99.7%
d) 34.1%
3) A Lean Six Sigma team uses return on investment (ROI) calculation to determine whether to launch a project. Estimated cost is $136,000. The savings from the project are expected at $540,570. What is the ROI? a) 3.97% b) 39.7% c) 25%
d) 397%
A lean six sigma team at a shoe factory is tasked to calculate an optimal number of line employees needed to produce soles given that the cycle time is 45 minutes and the takt time is 16 minutes. What is the number of people needed per cycle? a) 2.81 b) 3 c) 2
d) 1.81
Managers at a waste management facility are exploring question-asking methods to help them understand the cause of low productivity. What technique that utilizes repeated questions can they use to get to the root of a problem? A. pareto chart B. run chart C. 5why
D. 3why
3) A(n) _________ _________ is the impact or influence of a single factor on the mean of the response variable. a) Main effect b) Interaction effect c) Blocking effect
d) Singular effect
Which of the following is not one of the seven basic quality control tools: a) Check sheet b) Histogram c) FMEA
d) Pareto chart
Which of the following belong to 7 deadly muda? a) Stacking b) Measuring c) Conveyance
d) Idling
In the Six Sigma philosophy processes require inputs to produce outputs. Controlling the inputs, means controlling the outputs. This is normally expressed as: a) y=f(-DPO)+x b) x=f(y) c) y=x(f)
d) y=f(x)
DMV commissioned a Lean Six Sigma study to identify what causes long wait in lines. A Master Black Belt consultant collected data and was planning to conduct one way ANOVA test. She realized that normality can't be safely assumed. Which nonparametric test can she use instead? a) Mann-Whitney Test b) Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test c) Friedman's Test
d) Kruskal-Wallace Test
5) A Master Black Belt explained to a Green Belt that one of the following conditions does not need to be met to perform linear regression analysis : a) Curvilinear relationship between dependent and independent variables b) Constant variance of the errors c) Normal distribution of errors
d) The effects of different independent variables are additive
A Green Belt run a correlation test on the following two variables: N of staff meetings held and staff's performance scores. The correlation coefficient turned out to be 0.754. What can be inferred from this number? a) The N of staff meeting causes staff's performance scores go up b) There is a strong positive statistical association between two variables c) No valid inference can be drawn just from this number
d) There is a weak negative statistical association between two variables
1) A ___________ provides the Six Sigma team with resources, removes organizational barriers for the team, participates in project tollgate reviews, and essentially serves as the team backer. a) Process Owner b) Master Black Belt c) Black Belt
d) Champion
Master black belt invited his six sigma team members to play poker at his summer house. She decided to test a green belt on his understanding of probability. She asked: with 52 card deck what is the probability of drawing a club or a spade? Choose a correct answer: a) 27% b) 25% c) 50%
d) 13%
4) When measuring the level of confounding in the context of experimental design the following characteristics describe Resolution IV except: a) No main effects are confounded with two-factor interactions b) No two-factor interactions are confounded with other two-factor interactions c) No main effects are confounded with another main effect
d) Main effects are confounded with three-factor interactions
If asked at a six sigma certification exam what type of chart this is, a black belt candidate will correctly choose which of the following? a) Spaghetti diagram b) SIPOC c) Work in progress
d) Ishikawa diagram
5) A Lean Six Sigma team at an HR department is analyzing employee performance evaluation scores. Employee scores are grouped in high performing (rating of 3.5 through 5), average performing (2.9 through 3.5) and low performing (under 2.9) groups. The scores grouped as high, average and low performing groups represent which type of data? a) Nominal b) Ordinal c) Interval
d) Ratio
If asked at a six sigma certification exam, every lean six sigma black belt candidate will correctly identify that the following is NOT a step in the waste elimination technique 5S: a) Sort b) Shine c) Sustain
d) Support
3) A Green Belt is tasked by a supervising Black Belt to determine whether 4 types of defects occur independently of 3 classes of products. Which test is the Green Belt likely to use? a) ANOVA b) Contingency tables c) Two-way ANOVA
d) Lavene's test
16. A car manufacturing company is facing a class -action lawsuit because of major brake failures. The company's research department is especially implicated because their published research on the brake systems showed them to be within expected safety standards. The following are expectations of ethical experimentation EXCEPT: A. presentation of all results - favorable and unfavorable B. full explanation of methodologies used in research C. exclusion of important factors that affect experiment results
D. presenting summaries that do not distort experiment results
5) David is a green belt who is in charge of keeping a customer service complaints management process re-engineering project on track. What tool should he use? a) DMAIC b) GANTT chart c) QFD chart
d) FMEA
4. In hypothesis testing, why is it better to set a p value than to select a significance level? a. It ensures that a true hypothesis will not be rejected. b. It is then easier to make adjustments later in the experiment. c. It enables the collection of more samples.
d. It makes it possible to reject the null hypothesis.
Sam's Club executives noticed a strong, positive correlation between in-store promotions and the use of mail coupons. How does the increase of mail coupons affect in-store promotions? A. as more in-store promotions are conducted, more mail coupons are used B. there is no association between in-store promotions and mail coupons used C. as more in-store promotions are conducted, mail coupons are not affected
D. as more in-store promotions are conducted, fewer mail coupons are used
3) _________ system maximizes equipment effectiveness by using a preventative maintenance program throughout the life of the equipment. a) DFSS b) TPM c) SMED
d) Fishbone
4) A business process improvement six sigma team is performing SWOT analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses along with two other categories. What are these two categories? a) Opportunities and threats b) Obstacles and tasks c) Opportunities and themes
d) Obstacles and tasks
4) In the control phase of a Six Sigma project focusing on attribute defects data using a variable sample size, team members need to use _________. a) C chart b) U chart c) NP chart
d) P chart
A Black Belt conducted a study to determine the effect of bonus pay on employee performance evaluation scores at a car manufacturing company. After running a correlation test she discovered that r equaled -0.78. She concluded that: a) Bonus pay has no effect on employees' performance b) Annual bonus exceeded employees' performance scores c) When bonuses are paid employees tend to increase their performance
d) Employee performance seems to suffer with bonuses
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using engineering process control devices to prevent deviation? a. The devices must be monitored by human operators. b. The use of these devices precludes the use of statistical process controls. c. These devices require constant maintenance.
d. These devices cannot handle multiple inputs.
2) Within the framework of a Six Sigma project a process improvement team at a high performing local government agency is trying to collect information on the service standard preferences of the people served. What is the Six Sigma team trying to determine: a) Focus group composition b) Voice of the customer c) Cost of quality
d) ROI or NPV
A Black Belt conducted a hypothesis test setting α at 0.05. He found that p-value is 0.65. What is an appropriate conclusion? a) Accept null hypothesis b) Reject null hypothesis c) Fail to reject null hypothesis
d) Reject alternative hypothesis
A Lean Six Sigma team at a small size real estate company is considering investing its carryover funds of $500,000 in a downtown parking lot development. The team estimates that the company will make $70,000 in a year. Another alternative is to invest $500,000 in a mutual fund with 10% interest. What is the Net Present Value of the downtown parking lot development investment? a) $70,000 b) $ (28,925) c) $18,181
d) $430,000
5) In the Lean Six Sigma DMAIC methodology the following is normally used in the "measure" phase? a) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) b) Kaizen Blitz c) Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)
d) Benchmarking
5) Before running a statistical analysis a Black Belt explains to a junior Lean Six Sigma team member that every Chi Square distribution is characterized by these 2 properties: a) Positive skew and normality b) Right skew and degree of skew decreasing with increasing degrees of freedom c) Degrees of freedom equal 2 and degree of skew increasing with increasing degrees of freedom
d) Skew decreases as the degrees of freedom decreases and absence of normality
A Black Belt presented a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) on an SQL database management process. The risk priority number (RPN) for the process is 72. Occurrence and detection are both 3. How much is severity? a) 8 b) 66 c) 8.125
d) 63
Master black belt constructs a project network diagram and identifies 4 project paths: V (30 days), X (32 days), Y (43 days) and Z (56 days). Using CPM which is the critical path? a) V b) X c) Y
d) Z
A group of municipal employees in undergoing a lean six sigma training and is tasked to collect customer data. Which of the sets of approaches is most appropriate to use? a) Written surveys, fathom groups, in-person interviews b) Focus groups, FMEA, Gantt charts c) Phone interviews, written surveys, focus groups
An innovative governmental agency initiated a Lean Six Sigma project. A study was conducted which pointed to existence of Temporal and Cyclical variation. Positional variation was not found. What type of study or analysis was likely conducted? a) Multi-vari study b) Control chart analysis c) Multivariate regression analysis
d) Seasonal variation study
5) ___________ is a Japanese word and refers to a mind-set in which all employees are responsible for making continuous incremental improvements to the functions that they perform. a) Kanban b) Seiri c) Kaizen
d) Muda
Yellow belt is taking a green belt level six sigma certification exam and is asked to identify a statement which incorrectly characterizes Kano model. Which statement does she need to choose? a) Absence of must-be requirements leads to significant dissatisfaction b) When present, attractive requirements increase satisfaction, but their absence does not cause dissatisfaction c) Reversal characteristics' presence causes dissatisfaction
d) Neutral characteristics don't bring satisfaction if present, however they cause dissatisfaction when absent
3. To capture the Voice of the Customer (VOC), it is important to collect data from a large, representative sample of the target customer base. To collect this data, Six Sigma practitioners can use: A. government records B. surveys and questionnaires C. census data
D. case studies
4) A Green Belt needs to use ____________ to determine the effect on an output caused by variation in a single input: a) Multiple regression analysis b) Linear regression analysis c) MANOVA
d) FMEA
10. Sam's research at a local manufacturing company is examining the efficiency of a new machine in detecting design failures. To present evidence to his supervisors that the machine is indeed effective, he must accept or reject the null hypothesis. According to the image below, what does the region of non-rejection imply? A. accept the alternate hypothesis B. reject the null hypothesis C. accept the null hypothesis
D. reject the alternate
In an Interrelationship Digraph, a(an) _______ and ______ relationship between two variables is depicted visually. A. internal; external B. diversion; conversion C. cause; effect
D. antecedent; precedent
A Black Belt tasked a junior Yellow Belt to calculate the Cp of an energy drink producing process with a tolerance of 5 (LSL) and 5.30 (USL) and SD 0.045. Data is normal and the process is stable. What is Cp a) 1.11 b) 0.3 c) 0.27
d) Need to know a sample mean to correctly calculate Cp
