When training your employees on how do you identify various attacks which of the following policies should you be sure to have and enforce select two correct answer?

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to your clients. They confide in you, they trust you, they look to you for guidance. That you realize your duties and responsibilities is attested by the fact that you gather here annually to ask divine guidance and strength in their fulfillment. But if you are to teach and defend our fellow man, if you are to discharge your duties faithfully and honestly, permit me to suggest that you always keep before you the necessity of growing spiritually in the knowledge and love of the Supreme Lawgiver.

Accordingly, nourish your faith constantly by pray ant. the sacraments. Revive your hope by reflecting on the emptiness of this world and all its fleeting show. And let the charity of Christ always pervade your minds and hearts. For, in the words of the inimitable Cardinal Newman: "Times come and go and man will not believe that that is to be which is not yet, or that what now is only continui: for a season and is not eternity. The world passes, it is but a pageant and a scene; the lofty palace crumbles, the busy city s mute, the ships of Tarshish have sped away. On heart and flesh death is coming; the veil is breaking, The end is the trial."

May you meet the Supreme Lawgiver smil

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATTVES

Tuesday, September 23, 1941

Coincident with the fall term of court, you have assembled here this morning with your beloved bishop and priests to invoke the blessing of the Holy Spirit on another legal year.

THE THREAT OF TODAY This is an ominous time, and God alone Bows what the future holds. Yet as true Catholic lawyers you face that future with strong faith, noble courage, and uncompromising principle. The natural law is based on the eternal law, which is God Himself. It is your heritage, as it is the heritage of every Christian lawyer. You know as well as I that insidious movements now under way are based on the rank philosophy of naturalism. They have as their objective the ascendancy of man and of man-made law. Your attitude toward them is determined. Your course is fixed. You must rise up as a body, united against their devices, because you cannot compromise with objective truth.

When certain groups under the guise of rebuilding the United States attempt to change the substance of our Government, from which human positive law proceeds, take your stand on the side of justice, and, tearing off the mask of the dissemblers, say to them in the language of the court: "It shall not be. Case dismissed." For what is needed are legal lights to shine, not when the world is bright but when the world is dark, reflecting always the rays of the Supreme Lawgiver.

When Sangerites and others, purveyors of filthy doctrines, attempt to have their iniquitous teachings legalized by statute, take your stand on the side of basic morality, and declare that God's commandment, “Thou shalt not kill," is as binding today as it ever was, and in the language of the court say: "It shall not be. Case dismissed." For what is needed are legal lights to shine, not when the world is bright but when the world is dark, reflecting always the rays of the Supreme Lawgiver.

When certain legal ethicians attempt to develop a cult which changes the theory of the law so that the institution of marriage, the right to educate, the right to property, the protection of the weak, and other essential rights proper n the individual are taken from him and subordinated to State or Federal control, rally to the dignity of the human personality. For the rights involved here are antecedent to any human society. In the language of the court: “It shall not be. Case dismissed." For what are needed are legal lights to shine, not when the world is bright but when the world is dark, reflecting always the rays of the Supreme Lawgiver.

The great Webster said in his address on The Character of Washington: "Other misfortunes may

be borne and their effects overcome. It were but a trifle even if the walls of yonder Capitol were to crumble, if its lofty pillars should fall, and its gorgeous decorations be all covered by the dust of the valley. All these might be rebuilt. But who can reconstruct the fabric of demolished government? Who can raise again the wellproportioned columns of constitutional liberty? Who can frame together the skillful architecture which unites national sovereignty with State rights, individual security, and public prosperity? If these columns fall, they will be raised not again."

DUTIES OF THE LAWYER It rests with you and your associates of the bar to enlighten the people, now befuddled in their thinking, to a realization of what bureaucratic government means. For what is needed are legal lights to shine, not when the world is bright, but when the world is dark, reflecting always the rays of the Supreme Lawgiver.

Yours is a noble calling, a distinguished profession. People look to you for guidance in the temporal as they do to the priest in the spiritual You are the alter ego in relation

cratic county leaders except the leader of my home borough and of the Borough of Queens.

I submitted my candidacy to the Demociats of this city on my character, my experience, and my record in the public service. I am the unanimous choice of the enrolled Democrats in this city, of whom there are 2,273,367 Therefore, I am beholden to no one but the Democratic men and women of this city for my nomination, but when I am elected I will represent not them alone but all the pecple of the city regardless of party, race, or creed.

I propose to conduct an aggressive and constructive campaign. I did not decide to become a candidate merely to go through the motions of a campaign, or to indulge in petty fault-finding, or to engage in petty criticism of things done or left undone by the present administration. I believe there are questions involved in this election which go to the very root of the government of the city of New York and the welfare of its people, and during the campaign I will fairly and fearlessly present the issues as I see them. I say fairly, for I would be less than truthful if I stated that the present administration has made no contribution to the city of New York. Every administration has contributed something to the city. It would be foolish to contend that the present administration has contributed rothing, but you must remember that during the last 8 years the city pay roil has increased from $322,821,594 to $379,089,631, exclusive of the Rapid Transit employees; an increase of $55,000,000; that the budget has increased from $615,327,071 to $677,026,580, an increase of $52,000,000; and that the city has received from the Federal Government $72.000.000 in cash out of a total of $33,000,000 authorized as grants, and has also received from the Federal Government on account of P. W. A projects loans totaling $31,350,000 These staggering increases have occurred despite the express promise of the mayor when he was first a candidate, and I quote, “to save $50.000.000 by clearing out a horde of political parasites and cutting out useless jobs."

Obviously, during the time available this evening I cannot define and consider all the questions which I believe should be discussed frankly and must be decided ccr. rectly if New York City is to grow and prosper. But at the very outset I wish 10 discuss and dispose of one issue which cur opponents say is the fundamental issue in this campaign.

In a speech announcing his willingness to be a candidate again, the Mayor statedand I quote that all the city departments are in charge of "specialists, trained and competent men who, for ability and specialized knowledge and efficiency, form a cabinet the like of which does not exist in any government in this country.". I challenge that statement. I admit that some members of the Mayor's cabinet are competent and ecient public servants and should be retained. I will, however, during the campaign show that other appointees of the Mayor are not only not specialists and were not named because of any particular talent or special aptitude for the positions they hold, but to repay political debts. I will demonstrate to the satisfaction of every fairminded man and woman that some of them are a menace and should be promptly and peremptorily separated from the public seIFice.

In the same speech offering himself as a candidate for reelection the Mayor statedand I quote again-that the issue is between "nonpolitical, nonpartisan, and political machine-controlled government." I also challenge that statement.

I recognize that heretofore in both parties, Democratic and Republican alike, there bare been cynical, selfish groups who thought of public office primarily, perhaps solely, in terms of patronage and political power I also recognize that these men, leaders,

ADDRESS OF JUDGE WILLIAM O'DWYER

Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, under leave unanimously granted to me, under date of September 23, 1941, I am privileged to extend my remarks by including therein the acceptance speech of Judge William O'Dwyer delivered at New York City.

I am prompted to preserve this speech as part of the record, because so much of it is devoted to a problem that is of such tremendous importance to the continued well-being of the country.

Judge O'Dwyer brings to the subject of his speech a wealth of experience gained from a useful life well spent in the service of this country, our city, and its people. His has been the saga of so many Americans—his steady rise, the glory of our democracy-laborer, student, policeman, magistrate, county judge, and district attorney of Kings County, one of the largest in the country. His life has been a continuous application of the Golden Rule which is so necessary at all times, and especially today. It is hoped that all who have the opportunity to read this splendid address will do so. It is as follows:

Last Tuesday I was nominated as the candidate of the Democratic Party for mayor of the city of New York. I accept the nomination, not only mindful of the honor but also conscious of the responsibility. I owe my nomination to no man or group of men; to nc political leader or group of political leaders. In fact, not until after I was formally designated had I ever met any of the Demo

bosses-call them what you will-were able in many instances to exert their baneful and sinister influence over those chosen to administer the government. This situation existed not only in New York but in many other cities. It obtained not only in many municipalities but in many State governments as well. But times have changed. The day of old-fashioned machine government is gone forever, at least in the city and State of New York. It is as outmoded as the hoop skirt or high pants pockets. People now think for themselves. They have developed a social and political awareness which bodes ill for the man in public office or political position who does not realize that the old days of private profit, which is another name for political plunder-are gone forever. I do not want and will not have the support of any such political leader either within or without my party. Honesty in the public business is essential if democracy is to survive. I believe that the place for all crooks, whether they be pickpockets or politicians, is in jail.

True, I am a member of the Democratic Party. I recognize there is no Democratic or Republican way of cleaning a street or putting out a fire, but I believe that in a democracy, party responsibility adds greatly to the protection of the citizen. I also believe, however, that in a representative government nc elected official may shift to his party the obligations which his oath of office casts upon him.

Yes; I am a Democrat. So is President Roosevelt; so is former Governor Smith; and so is Governor Lehman. As a Democrat, Al Smit) was elected Governor three times. As a Democrat, Franklin Roosevelt was elected and reelected Governor. As a Democrat, Herbert Lehman was elected and three times reelected Governor I am the candidate of the same party which nominated and sponsored each of those illustrious men. Is there anyone bold enough to suggest that as Governor any of them turned over the State government to a politice i machine or was controlled by a political boss? Of course not. Nor does anyone dare suggest that when I am mayor I will turn over the municipal government to a political machine or be dominated by a political boss.

My record first as a member of the New York City Police Department, then magistrate, then county judge, then district attorney of the largest county in the State and the second 'argest in the country, is a complete answer to any su ch suggestion. Throughout 17 years in public service, no political leader or anyone else ever influenced my judicial or official conduct. Nor has any political leader ever been brazen or foolish enough to make the attempt. In 1937, after serving 5 years as a city magistrate, Governor Lehman appointed me county judge of Kings County, to which office I was elected the following November. You will recall about that time crime was rampant in Brooklyn The guilty were not only not punished but frequently not even apprehended. Many major crimes wer: left unsolved. The situation was so serious that Governor Lehman convened an extraordinary term of the supreme court to expose the conditions and ascertain if there were any corrupt alliance between the wrongdoers and the law-enforcement agencies. I was happy and contented as county judge, for it was the realization of a life's ambition and afforded me an opportunity for greater usefulness not alone in ridding Brooklyn of the hardened and habitual crin inal, but at che same time salvaging many an unfortunate youth who, because of home environment or lack of religious training, had committed his first misstep. Moreover, I was secure for 14 years, at a salary of $25,000 a year. Nevertheless, in response to a general demand and what I believed was my duty to my county, city, and State, I consented to become a candidate

LXXXVII–App.-281

for district attorney, the term of which was only 4 years and at a greatly decreased salary.

During that campaign for district attorney I publicly stated what would be my attitude toward political organizations and political leaders if I were elected. I said I would devote my whole time to my duties as district attorney; that I would reorganize the office; that my assistants would be selected by me and me alone; that character and fitness would be the sole considerations for appointment to my staff; that while political affiliation would not disqualify, it could not aid any applicant; and that no political leader would be consulted as to who would be fired or hired. The opposing candidate, while admitting my good faith, said I would be powerless to carry out my plan. But the people of Brooklyn believed me and trusted me; they knew I meant what I said, and I kept that promise. Candor compels me to state that no political leader ever attempted to influence me in the selection of my staff or the conduct of my office. What has been done, what has been accomplished in the last 21 months is history. I trust I will not be deemed immodest, but since I became district attorney 87 murders, not only in Brooklyn but in other boroughs in the city and other counties in the State and in other States throughout the country, have been solved. Many of those who committed them and, more important, many of those who inspired them, have been apprehended, prosecuted, and punished; crime has decreased; docket is up to date and Brooklyn is a cleaner, safer, and better place in which to live and do business. My record has gained the praise of the press regardless of politics and has won the approval of the people irrespective of partisanship.

I ask to be judged on that record. I offer it as an assurance that when I am mayor the government and affairs of the city of New York will be administered with integrity and efficiency and in the interests of all the people, taxpayer, and rentpayer, businessman and laboring man alike.

As the candidate for mayor I make this promise to the citizens of New York. It is the same promise I made to the people of Brooklyn when I was a candidate for district attorney. I promise to devote my whole time and all my energies to my duties as mayor. I will be a full, not a part-time mayor. I promise that no political machine and no political leader will control me dictate the policies which I will pursue or the appointments which I will make; that each member of my cabinet and each Judicial officer appointed by me will be my own selection, whether he be a member of the Democratic Party or the Republican Party or no party, chosen solely because of his character and fitness and for whose acts and conduct I will assume full responsibility. I can promise no more. I should be unworthy if I promised less.

This is my answer to what the mayor says is the fundamental issue in this campaign. I have met it squarely, discussed it frankly and disposed of it finally. If after examining my life's history and my public record you are satisfied that I mean what I say, that I will keep that pledge, I ask you to vote for me.

There is another matter to which I invite your attention, and I approach it in the same open and candid manner so every citizen of New York may readily understand my position.

I appreciate that a municipal campaign is no place for the discussion of national issues or international questions. Our foreign policy is not the business of the mayor of the City of New York. Power to deal with the country's foreign policy has been wisely delegated to the President and the Congress. But in view of the present world crisis, when during the last 2 years 13 countries have been invaded, their governments over

thrown, their citizens killed and property destroyed by the wicked exponents of force, the people of this city have a right to know the attitude of the man who aspires to be their mayor. Hence, I repeat what I frequently have said before. I hate communism, fascism, and nazi-ism and I oppose all other ideologies hostile to our democracy.

believe in the democratic system and the American way of life. I abhor the dictators, whose greed and infamy are responsible for the suffering and misery which have been visited upon countless thousands of innocent men, women, and children, whom they have rendered homeless, helpless, and hopeless.

I believe with President Roosevelt that the most effective answer to Hitler's method of total attack is total defense. I endorse the policy of the President in defending our sovereignty and democracy and the policy of the President and Congress in giving aid to those countries which are resisting Nazi aggression. As mayor of the city of New York, which is the center of our industrial life, I will lend every assistance in promoting and perfecting the national defense. I will do my utmost to discourage intolerance and establish unity and harmony among our people.

That there are in our city certain persons seeking to disunite us by dividing us into racial and religious groups cannot be denied. They do not represent the patriotic people of America the self-respecting citizens of New York. They are in the main motivated by the same impulses which years ago gave rise to the A. P. A. and the KnowNothing movement, and later to the Ku Klux Klan. Only 13 years ago a great American, a great exponent of democracy, was denied an ofñce for which he was eminently fitted, not becaust the members of the Klan and other bigots opposed his political views but because he professed before God and man the faith of his fathers.

Happily the Klan is now extinct, and its disciples have slunk back to the shadows whence they came. But recently there has sprung up amongst us another group of bigots who subscribe to a doctrine just as alien to our American concept as the Klan, even though they do not mask themselves in a sheet. This ugly and sinister thing is antiSemitism. It is the principal export product of Hitler, designed to sow the seed of discontent, distrust, and hatred among the peoples of the world so as to facilitate their conquest. This group, which has been active in our city, has been ignored too long. Its members have been permitted at their street meetings to insult and vilify the Jew.

It is this group that conducted a whispering campaign against Herbert Lehman solely because of his race and religion when he was a candidate for Governor, just as the earlier group conducted the same kind of a campaign and for the same reasons against Al Smith when he was a candidate for President. When I was a candidate for county judge I abandoned my own campaign and in Brooklyn and elsewhere I denounced them and their practices, as I do tonight. When I was a candidate for district attorney I promised. if elected, that I would not stand idly by and permit thes. racial and religious fanatics to incite disorder, provoke violence, and create disunity in the life of our community.

I yield to no one in my devotion to the fundamental tenets of free speech, a free press, and freedom of worship. but I am happy to say that, without infringing upon any of these sacred guaranties and without any additional laws, I succeeded in stopping these undemocratic. un-American public demonstrations, and we now have no such public meetings in Brooklyn. when I am mayor we will have none in the city of New York.

The injection of racial and religious prejudice into the discussion of our domestic

problems or our foreign policies is an abuse of the light of free speech. That some of these fanatics, both anti-Catholic and antiSemitic, were elevated to high place under the present administration is to be regretted.

I promise when I am mayor I will not appoint or tolerate in the city service anyone who preaches intolerance or class hatred and thereby sows the seed of discontent, distrust, and disunity. Nor will I appoint any man or woman who now or heretofore has been affiliated with any party, organization, or group which advocates the overthrow of our Government and the substitution of any other system or who does not believe in our democratic institutions and subscribe to the American way of life. If there be any such in the public service they will be promptly removed. There will be no room in my administration for a Gerson or a Kern, or any of their fellow travelers.

I would be thoughtless, indeed, if I failed to add a word about my colleagues on the Democratic ticket, Lloyd Church, the candidate for comptroller, and M. Maldwin Fertig, the candidate for president of the council. Judge Church is a distinguished member of the bar and during the last 7 years has been a justice of the supreme court. At great personal sacrifice he resigned that office to become a candidate for comptroller of the city of New York. He is a man of broad experience in business, legal, and governmental affairs, and by ability and training is abundantly equipped to manage the finances of the city of New York and as a member of the board of estimate to shape its policies.

Mr. M. Maldwin Fertig, the candidate for president of the council, has been an assistant to the corporation counsel of the city of New York. He also was counsel to President Roosevelt when he was Governor, and counsel to Governor Lehman. At present he is a member of the transit commission. I doubt 11 there is a man in this State who has a more intimate knowledge of the gove ernment of the city of New York than has Mr. Fertig.

Both these gentlemen are forceful, forthright men who have the intelligence to formulate opinions of their own and the courage to express them. While they will be of invaluable aid to me, they will, as they should, be Independent of and not subservi. ent to the mayor. We promise the people of the city of New York an honest, efficient, economical, and dignified administration.

stern and staggering blows. Men and women who have engaged in business throughout their lives, and who have been both honorable and patriotic as Americans, are being forced to discontinue their life work because of their inability to secure priorities on needed materials for the continuance of their business.

These businessmen and women have been the very backbone of our country. They have aided in the growth and development of our Nation. They have paid their taxes, and they have employed such help as they have needed in the operation of their business. They have made a worthy contribution to the progress of the United States of America. But now, under the flimsy guise of the national emergency, they are not given defense contracts, and they are not given material by which they can continue in business. This unholy plan must be remedied at once or we will experience an unprecedented unemployment situation in our country. The people engaged in business must be protected rather than have their business destroyed and their employees thrown out of their jobs. A plan must be devised whereby at least 75 percent of the needed materials required by the nondefense industries may be supplied, thereby enabling them to continue their operation in part, and enabling them to keep their organization intact. Defense contracts should be provided to the various plants in order to maintain a continuous operation of those institutions in which the needed materials come in sharp conflict with those badly needed for defense production. This is essential in order to keep our factories and mills in continuous operation, and to assure to the employees continuous employment in the future.

Recently Secretary Morgenthau made a statement in which he suggested, under the price-fixing plan, that all business should be limited to 6-percent profit. Such a plan, if adopted, would be disastrous to business in our country. That would strike at the very heart of business. Such a plan would cause thousands of businessmen and women to close their doors and cease to operate their establishments. Their employees would be thrown out of their jobs. We must remember that if the employer is injured, the employee is likewise injured. The partnership of employer and employee is an inseparable unity; they work together; when the employer secures contracts for work, at a fair margin of profit, then the employeees have continuous work, at a fair and reasonable wage. This is a very happy condition.

But, Mr. Speaker, when the Government refuses to issue pricrities for needed materials, even though the factory or the mill, or the contractor or the builder, has a contract or contracts to perform, then the work must stop. The employees are discontinued in their work. That is the destruction of both the plant, and the business, and the opportunity of the laborer to earn his own living—all caused by our own Government refusing to permit the needed materials to be allocated to that piant, or to that contractor. In that case, the Gov

ernment is primarily responsible for the loss of the operation of the plant, and the completion of the contract, and it is also responsible for the employees being thrown off of the job.

Precisely this same result is obtained when there is such a sharp reduction in the allowable profits which may be earned. Plants and mills will be compelled to close; their employees will be thrown out of their jobs; all because of the governmental interference to the extent that the employer cannot maintain his plant, and take care of the ordinary wear and tear incident to its operation, and meet the high and staggering taxes and obligations which have been imposed by his county, State, and Government. These obligations must be met, and if they are not met in full accordance with the provisions of the existing tax and revenue laws penalties must be added; if the tax and the penalty is not paid, then the property will be sold. The employer and the small businessmen and women of our country face a very dark and dismal future.

Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my own remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD, and to include therein a very interesting and enlightening editorial which appeared in the Washington Times-Herald, of the 26th day of August 1941, which' I hope every Member of the House will read. The editorial reads as follows: (From the Washington Times-Herald of

August 26, 1941) EXIT THE SMALL BUSINESSMAN The national-defense program is setting the stage for a hoped-for wiping out of Hitler and his philosophy, somewhere, somehow, sometime. But the defense program is also beginning to wipe out the small businessman in the United States; and up to now it 18 hard to see how the process can be stopped or even slowed down.

DEVASTATION BY PRIORITY Defense demands get priority over demands for materials for nondefense goods. Many a small manufacturer, for all the optimistic talk on the subject, physically cane not shift over into making defense goods.

From this situation, all manner of consequences are already flowing. There are bad bottlenecks in aluminum, brass, copper, cere tain chemicals and plastics, chromium, zinc, and, above all, steel. These shortages produce shortages in such things as nuts, bolts, rivets, screws, zippers, paper clips, and innumerable other articles needed by small manufacturers to make consumer goods.

The paralysis spread from these manufacturers to dealers, who find themselves with less and less to sell, and consequently have to cut down their sales forces. Unemployment and discontent result all the way along this spiral. The harvest is unpredictable just now, except that you can safely predict that it will be a sour harvest.

THE WAR HAWKS What is the reason for it? Our all-out effort to build a huge armament for ourselves and tc arm or help arm every nation fighting an aggressor nation or nations.

Who is responsible? Mainly, as we dope it out, two groups in Washington.

One of these is the war party, headed by Colonel Knox and President Roosevelt Cole onel Knox likes war for its excitement and its glory, judging from his speeches and from the fact that he distinguished himself in two wars. The President hopes to bring to the wholu world, through war, in our generation, freedom from want and fear and freedom of

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Thursday, October 2, 1941

Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, one of the most serious threats which the people of this Nation face is the threat of the destruction of the small businessman. About every pet measure which can be enacted into law, and about every pet regulation that can be established by the various departments of governinent, the boards and commissions, which will cripple the small businessmen of our country has been enacted and put into effect. The small businessmen of our country are feeling the impress of those

religion and thought-something which nobody in all world history has yet done or, to our knowledge, even hoped to do.

THE RED WRECKERS Then, there are the Communist-minded theorists and philosophers, with whom Washington is honeycombed.

These people feel that the modern trend is toward communism, in this and all other countries except Russia, which has already arrived at the goal.

In the Communist philosophy, landlords, investors, bankers, merchants, businessmen, lawyers, priests, nuns, and independent newspaper people are enemies of society. These groups make up the bourgeoisie, which the Communists hope to wipe from the face of the earth.

So the oncoming destruction of the small businessman in this country is O. K. by the comrades and fellow travelers now holding so many places of power in the United States Government. As they see it, the war will bring about the revolution here much faster than it could come in peacetime.

And they are as coolly willing to see the small businessman wiped out as they are to have one or more millions of American boys massacred in Europe to keep Communist Russia safe from Adolf Hitler.

FROM EVOLUTION TO REVOLUTION Before the war began, the New Deal was moving toward a species of totalitarianism-meaning toward more and more government supervision over individual greed and ambition for the general welfare. We thought that was as it should be, and in line with evolution, and we still think so.

But we also thought, and still think, that if this country could stay at peace und mind its own business the necessary readjustments could be made peaceably and gradually, and without wiping out whole economic layers of our society.

The Jew Deal was getting that resultjerkily and with many a stumble and mistake, true; but it was making the grade, until this war broke out. It even kept its head fairly well screwed on until the fall of France in June 1940.

Since that time, we have been dragged ever clcrer and closer to all-out participation in this war by our Washington masters. The people--from 75 to 85 percent of whom, we are convinced, do not want to go shooting into this war-have been able to do nothing up to now to call a halt.

The war hawks apparently have forgotten all about domestic reform and readjustment in their preoccupation with a foreigners' war. But the Communists and their fellow travelers in the. Washington set-up have not forgotten the Communist revolution which they hope this war wil speed up in the United States. You can almost see them licking their lips as they watch the small businessman being ground up in the priorities meat chopper.

ington, but to the farmer and his wife and children they are a grim reality. Many farmers depend for a living upon the weekly check that 'they receive for their cream, butter, eggs, and poultry.

When these prices go down it vitally affects the so-called human values so far as the farm family is concerned. In many cases a depressed price of farm produce means a definite hardship. At the best, it means that the farmer buys fewer shoes, clothing, furniture, radios, automobiles, and all the other things that he needs, as well as the bare necessities.

An outrageous attack has been made upon the American farm home by the subsidizing by the United States of butter substitutes. The taxpayers' money has been used to provide radio programs to advertise butter substitutes. The Government's financing of advertising of products that compete with the products of the American farmer cannot be justified before the court of public opinion.

Mr. Speaker, now comes some startling news in reference to the importation of eggs. I wish to include in my remarks an Associated Press article bearing date of October 1, 1941, which is as follows:

Arrival of 1,334,700 dozen Argentine eggs in New York, making the second time this month in which eggs have been shipped here from that country, helped to depress futures prices on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange yesterday.

Traders here were advised that 6,000 dozen of the Argentine eggs were sold in the New York wholesale market at 26 cents a dozen, compared with 321/2-cents-a-dozen quotation here for domestically produced eggs of the same grade.

Mr. Speaker, I plead for a fair deal for the American farmer. Is he not entitled to the same protection that we give to American labor and American capital? To whom does the American market belong?

motivate people to action or create a receptive mood or an acceptance of some philosophy. In our modern terminology, it is a job of "selling an idea."

While the President may ridicule the charges, the fact that he chooses to do so does not cloak him with an aurora of omnipotence nor his interpretation with the wisdom of a Solomon. As a matter of fact, he has been wrong, dead to rights, on many issues. A simple examination of a few of the facts regarding propaganda in movies will show him wrong again, ridicule to the contrary nota withstanding.

Senator Nye pointed out a number of films he said were propaganda bunk purely and simply. In his list he named Blackout, I Married a Nazi, Night Train, and Convoy. While we did not see those particular films, we did witness a few that contained the insidious and subtle appeal for appreciation of the British cause against the Nazis.

What were they? Well, They Met in Lisbon was a beaut. Fred MacMurray should have gagged when he uttered the dialogue in one scene. Enacting the role of an American ferrying bombers to England, the sequence in point shows him with his arm around an Englishman and telling him, in effect: "Yes, we are of the same blood; we talk the same language; we think alike; we act alike. We must stick together." That, to any fair-minded analyst, is certainly a play for sympathy and solidarity between the English-speaking classes.

FACTS STICK OUT IN RECENT FILMS Quentin Reynolds, who has been cleaning up writing from London, had a "drammer" on the screens of this country at the Yuletide season that would put the old tear jerkers to shame. It was Christmas in London, if memory serves. That was probably the most bald-faced piece of propaganda foisted upon a public that pays to be entertained that we have seen in some time.

The Brothers Warner have come in for some criticism. How about their Dr. Ehrlich's Magic Bullet? In this supercolossal epic, all the good characters talked clear, concise, and intelligible English. All the bad characters talked with thick, guttural German accents.

The purpose? To work on your subconscious, friends. To sneak in the back door, so to speak, and impress upon you that the English are our cousins. That in this hour of Empire peril we should forget the "Uncle Shylock" appelation and once again give our manhood and our money to a cause that was lost long before hostilities ever broke out.

Mr. Roosevelt said he does not know of anyone in the administrative branch that has encouraged production of war propaganda films as charged in the Senate subcommittee Inquiry.

It might be far-fetched, but a little number that played Lima not over 2 weeks ago was a honey. The picture, in beautiful techni. color and with Frank Craven, the epitome of An Average America, in the lead, was selling the glories of the Federal Housing Administration and Craven worked in from time to time the fact that only in a country such as this could such a thing happen. Mayhap you will say he was selling Americanism. We don't think a true American has to pay to have himself nor the glories of his country propagandized on the screen, first through taxes and then at the box office.

Maybe the "Barefoot Boy From Indiana,". Wendell Willkie, who termed his own speeches as "campaign oratory," will be so eloquent he can convince a majority that it was all in good, clean fun on the part of the producers. But the facts will belie the claim. In any event, Willkie will collect a fee of $100,000 from the Hollywood moguls.

Propaganda for war takes more than one form. This pillar from time to time has

A Republican Goes Through the News

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Thursday, October 2, 1941

EDITORIAL FROM THE LIMA (OHIO) NEWS

Mr. JONES. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I include the following editorial by the city editor of the Lima (Ohio) News:

(From the Lima (Ohio) News) A REPUBLICAN GOES THROUGH THE NEWS (By Jim Blissell, city editor, the Lima News)

President Roosevelt last week again resorted to one of the favorite tactics of the New Deal when he ridiculed charges that the motionpicture industry is circulating war propaganda in films.

Now propaganda, as usually understood, is a lie in a newspaper or magazine and supposedly easily discernible. That is one good definition. Another, and more fitting definition, is that propaganda is anything that will

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Thursday, October 2, 1941

Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, the price of farm products may be a theory to the regulators who sit in easy chairs in Wash.

characterized various "emergencies” as pure hokum to keep the peoples in a constant state of hysteria.

No better example of this cry of “emergency" can be found than in the Ickes gasoline curfew in the East. After having been shown through absolute proof that his famine claims were without foundation in fact, "Honest Harold" characterizes a move to lift the ban as stupid.

Although a Senate investigation disclosed that Ickes must have been suffering from hallucinations when he proclaimed the shortage and curfew, he still insists he was right.

That, ladies and gentlemen, is the mark of every move this administration bas attempted. No matter what the facts, anyone high in the councils of the Roosevelt regime can do no wrong.

The proposition of this Nation entering a shooting war because of the intrigues of our leaders transcends political ties. The grave questions facing the Nation are not founded on whether or not it is a Republican policy or a Democratic (or New Deal) policy.

The issues are well defined. We have been promised peace by a leader who usurped the powers in the party that first elevated him to exalted office. He used that office to control a political machine on the one hand, while on the other he voiced high-sounding promises addressed to the mothers and fathers of this Nation.

Certainly in the light of the facts that are known, and excluding the suspicions that must enter the minds, there can be no conclusion but that the war emergency was a false cloud created by the Roosevelt regime to remain in power. Having created the Frankenstein, the beast now bids fair to devour its makers.

PATROL OPENS UP NEW DANGERS The American people heard talks of “money on the barrel head" when the a:d-toEngland bill was being discussed. Now we have outright admissions by Secretary Knox that the Navy is convoying. First it was patrol; now it is convoy. In any event, the stretche. of the broad Atlantic were set off with precision by the President under emergency powers granted him, just as he opened the Red Sea.

There can be no misunderstanding. 'The defenses of this Nation do not lie in the Red Sea nor in the English Channel. Use of our Navy to convoy lend-lease goods to Britain will have two immediate effects.

First, and by far the most vital to this country, which everyone . in Washington seems to be forgetting, is the fact that our sailors and ships will actually be shooting once they meet up with Axis men-of-war. The other is that by convoying, the British Navy will be released for more duty in the Mediterranean. Certainly the people of this Nation did not envision these things when they permitted their Congressmen and Senators to approve the war-bill powers granted Roosevelt.

marks, I submit for the RECORD excerpts from the long article on Brazil and the Negro by Charles Anderson Gauld in the Negro History Bulletin for February 1941. I made references to this article in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of March 14 and 25, 1941. It is based on research in the Library of Congress, where Mr. Gauld was a specialist on Latin America.

Mr. Gauld is of an Army family and has stressed the importance of Brazil and the Negro to hemisphere unity and defense in this crisis which menaces the security of all the Americas. Emphasis is placed on the contributions of the Negro to the life, culture, and defense of both Brazil and the United States. The two largest nations of the New World cannot afford to deny their 30,000,000 Negro citizens their share of commissions in the armed forces and of industrial jobs in the defense of democracy on the economic front. Are we hoping for the destruction of nazi-ism in the Old World while retaining race prejudice in the New ?

The article follows: (From the Negro History Bulletin of February

1941)
BRAZIL: THE LARGEST NEGRO NATION

(By Charles A. Gauld) Brazil is not generally credited with being the greatest Negro country. Yet possibly 16,000,000 of its 43,000,000 citizens are of African ancestry in whole or in part. The 1940 census in the United States counted Negroes with great accuracy. But Brazil's 1940 census will not yield statistics on the number of Negroes. Thus only estimates can be offered because no accurate figures exist.

The different manner in which the Negro is considered in the 1940 censuses in Brazil and the United States clearly illustrates the position he occupies in the two leading nations of : 'egro population. A census is chiefly an aid to a country's economy and government. In Brazil's fifth general census, which began on September 1, 1940, no specific questions were included race. However, Brazil's approximately 14,000,000 white citi. zens

asked their European origins. These two circumstances are significant. They indicate that Brazil accepts her citizens of Negro descent witho'it worry. Not so the more recently arrived and often potentially dangerous Europeans from lands now Fascist and their descendants.

some white blood and possibly halt in addition have a little Indiin blood. The latter is generally remote, going back to colonial times. The white admixture is, however, more extensive than here, there being more persons in Brazil who are half or three-quarters Caucasian. Negrces in the United States have less Indian blood than in Brazil. Roy Nash in his excellent book n Brazil is enti usiastic for the future of the new race and culture being fused in Brazil by the white, Indian, and Negro. He feels it will be different from anything before produced by mankind.

NEGROES AND DEFENSE Negroes have served with distinction in the wars of the United States and Brazil. Since the Brazilian Negroes helped expel the Dutch and French invaders in colonial times, the proportion of Afro-Brazilians in the army and navy has been notably larger than with us. Negro patriotism and loyalty are strong in both nations. There are no more American-minded citizens in either country. They are cold to European "isms." There is no "fifth column" among them. Nazis and Fascists may be able to organize many of the million German-Brazilians and some of the 3,800,000 Italian-Brazilians into dangerous antidemocratic groups. And the clerical dictatorship of Brazil's backward but delightful mother country Portugal may adversely influence the ideas of the five or six million Brazilians of pure Portuguese descent. The 1940 census reflects Brazil's suspicion of her European minority and her perfect confidence in her part-Negro citizens.

UNITED STATES NAVY PREJUDICED It is ironical that there should be discrimi. nation against Negroes in the armed forces of both republics. It is worse in the navies. The military academies of the United States and Brazil admit few Negroes; their naval academies admit practically none. The Brazilian Navy at least has thousands of Negro sailors and many Negro petty officers, while ours has no Negro sailors or officers. This undemocratic racism worthy of totalitarianism is morally inexcusable and strategi. cally unsound. It is to be hoped that Prestdents Roosevelt and Vargas will remedy it. It can be assumed that this denial of rights was inherited by our Navy from England and was copied in part in Brazil through admiration for British and American naval missions and traditions.

DEMOCRACY In both Brazil and North America, Negroes are strong for democracy even though most of them are disfranchised. Most Brazilians are voteless not through prejudice but because of illiteracy. Our Negroes, outside the South, can be more active politically than Brazilian Negroes in recent years During the well-intentioned regime of President Getullo Vargas, despite governmental reforms and marked economic progress, Brazil's troublesome problems be led to the suspension of national and state legislatures and elections. The Brazilian Negro holds no such poter tal political balance of power as our northert Negroes, as Brazil does not have a two-pan system. Brazil is still evolving toward democracy, but must first reduce her present illiteracy of over 70 percent, and poverty. poor health, and faulty communications if she is to attain any large measure of real democracy by late in this century, many scholars feel THE NEGRO'S ECONOMIC PLACE IN BRAZIL AND THE

UNITED STATES Brazilian Negroes live in a country that is potentially prosperous but that is still poor. United States Negroes are citizens of the world's richest nation. Special Negro politi. cal status here means that periodically pollticians capitalize on discriminations and lynchings in bidding for the northern Negro vote. The Brazilian Negro seldom gets to vote, but he faces few discriminations End no lynchings. Discriminations are even fever in predominantly non-Caucasian North Brazil

Racial Problems in Latin America

RACIAL PROPORTIONS An approximate impression of the racial proportions involved in Brazil's fascinating three-way blending can be gained by means of a diagram Three circles represent the races. Largest circle is the white, next the Negro, and smallest the Indian contribution ti the total Brazilian bloodstream. The circles should overlap so as to show a third of their combined area as unmixed white blood. The circles for Indian and Negro blood should only slightly extend beyond the overlapping zone of mixed blood. This is to indicate that but little Indian and Negro blood remains unmixed compared to the great amount combined with white blood in various three-way crossings. In other words, it is impossible to determine with exactness any data on the total number of whites, Negroes, mulattoes, and so on Only iy diagram can even an approximate picture be given of th: diversity of Brazil's population and the difficulties involved n describing it.

It has been estimated that over 70 percent of United States Negroes have some white blooc. In Brazil miscegenation has been freer and on a far grander scale between the three stocks. Therefore, probably over 90 percent of Brazilians of Negro ancestry have