An employee is laid off after fifteen years with the same company. The employee is then hired by another company within a week. In the new company, the employee shares documents and ideas for products that the employee proposed at the original company. Show Explanation: Even though the employee was laid off, the employee probably signed a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) with the original company. Any work or idea developed at the original company, regardless of who proposed the idea, is still the property of the original company. Depending on the level of severity of the breach, this could result in legal action. Answer: unethical Question 2During a meeting with the Marketing department, a representative from IT discusses features of an upcoming product that will be released next year. Explanation: Both the employee and the manager are within the same department and company so this behavior would be ethical. Answer: ethical Question 3An employee is at a restaurant with friends and describes an exciting new video game that is under development at the company the employee works for. Is the behavior of the employee ethical or unethical? Explanation: It is not ethical to share a confidential product idea before it is released. Describing the game to a group of friends outside the company could leak the idea and jeopardize the new product offering. Answer: unethical Question 4Alicia, a company employee, has lost her corporate identification badge. She is in a hurry to get to a meeting and does not have time to visit Human Resources to obtain a temporary badge. You lend her your identification badge until she can obtain a replacement. Explanation: Employees should never give their credentials to another employee, regardless of the situation or the familiarity with the other employee. Once your credentials are out of your sight, you have no idea what they are being used for. Answer: unethical Question 5An employee points out a design flaw in a new product to the department manager. Explanation: Both the employee and the manager are within the same department and company so this behavior would be ethical. Answer: ethical Chapter 1 Quiz:Question 1Which method is used to check the integrity of data?
Explanation: A checksum value of a block of data is calculated and transmitted with the data. After the data is received, the checksum hashing is performed again. The calculated value is compared with the transmitted value to verify the integrity of the data. Answer: checksum Question 2What is a reason that internal security threats might cause greater damage to an organization than external security threats?
Explanation: Internal threats have the potential to cause greater damage than external threats because internal users have direct access to the building and its infrastructure devices. Internal users may not have better hacking skills than external attackers. Both internal users and external users can access the network devices through the Internet. A well designed security implementation should require authentication before corporate data is accessed, regardless of whether the access request is from within the corporate campus or from the outside network. Answer: Internal users have direct access to the infrastructure devices. Question 3What is another name for confidentiality of information?
Explanation: Privacy is another name for confidentiality. Accuracy, consistency, and trustworthiness describe integrity of data. Answer: privacy Question 4What is an example of “hacktivism”?
Explanation: Hacktivism is a term used to describe cyberattacks carried out by people who are considered political or ideological extremists. Hacktivists attack people or organizations that they believe are enemies to the hacktivist agenda.ee and the manager are within the same department and company so this behavior would be ethical. Answer: A group of environmentalists launch a denial of service attack against an oil company that is responsible for a large oil spill. Question 5What is the motivation of a white hat attacker?
Explanation: White hat attackers break into networks or computer systems in order to discover weaknesses for the purpose of improving the security of these systems. These break-ins are done with permission from the owner or the organization. Any results are reported back to the owner or the organization.oyee and the manager are within the same department and company so this behavior would be ethical. Answer: discovering weaknesses of networks and systems to improve the security level of these systems Question 6What three items are components of the CIA triad? (Choose three.)
Explanation: The CIA triad contains three components: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It is a guideline for information security for an organization. Answer: integrity, availability, confidentiality Question 7The individual user profile on a social network site is an example of a/an _______ identity. Answer: online Question 8Which statement describes cyberwarfare?
Explanation: Cyberwarfare is an Internet-based conflict that involves the penetration of the networks and computer systems of other nations. Organized hackers are typically involved in such an attack. Answer: It is Internet-based conflict that involves the penetration of information systems of other nations. Question 9Match the type of cyber attackers to the description. (Not all options are used.)
Answer:
Question 10What are three methods that can be used to ensure confidentiality of information? (Choose three.)
Explanation: Methods including data encryption, username ID and password, and two factor authentication can be used to help ensure confidentiality of information. File permission control, version control, and backup are methods that can be used to help ensure integrity of information. Answer: data encryption, two factor authentication, username ID and password Chapter 2: Attacks, Concepts and TechniquesChapter 2 Quiz:Question 1Which type of attack allows an attacker to use a brute force approach?
Explanation: Common ways used to crack Wi-Fi passwords include social engineering, brute-force attacks, and network sniffing. Answer: password cracking Question 2Which example illustrates how malware might be concealed?
Explanation: An email attachment that appears as valid software but actually contains spyware shows how malware might be concealed. An attack to block access to a website is a DoS attack. A hacker uses search engine optimization (SEO) poisoning to improve the ranking of a website so that users are directed to a malicious site that hosts malware or uses social engineering methods to obtain information. A botnet of zombie computers is used to launch a DDoS attack. Answer: An email is sent to the employees of an organization with an attachment that looks like an antivirus update, but the attachment actually consists of spyware. Question 3What is the purpose of a rootkit?
Answer: to gain privileged access to a device while concealing itself Question 4Which tool is used to provide a list of open ports on network devices? Explanation: The Nmap tool is a port scanner that is used to determine which ports are open on a particular network device. A port scanner is used before launching an attack. Answer: Nmap Question 5In what way are zombies used in security attacks?
Explanation: Zombies are infected computers that make up a botnet. The zombies are used to deploy a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. Answer: They are infected machines that carry out a DDoS attack. Question 6What is the most common goal of search engine optimization (SEO) poisoning?
Explanation: A malicious user could create a SEO so that a malicious website appears higher in search results. The malicious website commonly contains malware or is used to obtain information via social engineering techniques. Answer: to increase web traffic to malicious sites Question 7Which two characteristics describe a worm? (Choose two.)
Explanation: Worms are self-replicating pieces of software that consume bandwidth on a network as they propagate from system to system. They do not require a host application, unlike a virus. Viruses, on the other hand, carry executable malicious code which harms the target machine on which they reside. Answer: is self-replicating, travels to new computers without any intervention or knowledge of the user Question 8What is the primary goal of a DoS attack?
Explanation: A denial of service (DoS) attack attempts to overwhelm a system or process by sending large amounts of data or requests to the target. The goal is to keep the system so overwhelmed handling false requests that it is unable to respond to legitimate ones. Answer: to prevent the target server from being able to handle additional requests Chapter 3: Protecting Your Data and PrivacyChapter 3 Quiz:Question 1Which technology removes direct equipment and maintenance costs from the user for data backups?
Explanation: The cost of cloud storage commonly depends on the amount of storage space needed. The cloud provider will maintain the equipment and the cloud user will have access to the backup data. Answer: a cloud service Question 2A network administrator is conducting a training session to office staff on how to create a strong and effective password. Which password would most likely take the longest for a malicious user to guess or break?
Answer: An emk$$cittykat104# Question 3How can a user prevent others from eavesdropping on network traffic when operating a PC on a public Wi-Fi hot spot?
Explanation: When a user connects through an encrypted VPN tunnel on a public Wi-Fi network, any data being sent or received from the user will be undecipherable. Answer: Connect with a VPN service. Question 4Which type of technology can prevent malicious software from monitoring user activities, collecting personal information, and producing unwanted pop-up ads on a user computer?
Explanation: Antispyware software is commonly installed on a user machine to scan and remove malicious spyware software installed on a device. Answer: antispyware Question 5As data is being stored on a local hard disk, which method would secure the data from unauthorized access?
Explanation: Data encryption is the process of converting data into a form where only a trusted, authorized person with a secret key or password can decrypt the data and access the original form. Answer: data encryption Question 6What is the best method to prevent Bluetooth from being exploited?
Explanation: Bluetooth is a wireless technology that can be exploited by hackers to eavesdrop, establish remote access controls, and distribute malware. A user should keep Bluetooth turned off when not in use. Answer: Always disable Bluetooth when it is not actively used. Question 7Why do IoT devices pose a greater risk than other computing devices on a network?
Explanation: IoT devices commonly operate using their original firmware and do not receive updates as frequently as laptops, desktops, and mobile platforms. Answer: Most IoT devices do not receive frequent firmware updates. Question 8Which configuration on a wireless router is not considered to be adequate security for a wireless network?
Explanation: A wireless router can be configured to not allow the SSID to be broadcast, but that configuration is not considered to be adequate security for a wireless network Answer: prevent the broadcast of an SSID Question 9How can users working on a shared computer keep their personal browsing history hidden from other workers that may use this computer?
Answer: Operate the web browser in private browser mode. Question 10A user is surfing the Internet using a laptop at a public WiFi cafe. What should be checked first when the user connects to the public network?
Explanation: When a user connects to a public network, it is important to know if the computer is configured with file and media sharing and that it requires user authentication with encryption. Answer: if the laptop requires user authentication for file and media sharing Question 11A consumer would like to print photographs stored on a cloud storage account using a third party online printing service. After successfully logging into the cloud account, the customer is automatically given access to the third party online printing service. What allowed this automatic authentication to occur?
Explanation: Open Authorization is an open standard protocol that allows end users to access third party applications without exposing the user password. Answer: The cloud storage service is an approved application for the online printing service. Question 12A user is having difficulty remembering passwords for multiple online accounts. What is the best solution for the user to try?
Explanation: A password manager can be used to store and encrypt multiple passwords. A master password can be implemented to protect the password manager software. Answer: Save the passwords in a centralized password manager program. Chapter 4: Protecting the OrganizationChapter 4 Quiz:Question 1Any device that controls or filters traffic going in or out of the network is known as a ____________. Explanation: A firewall is a network device used to filter inbound or outbound traffic or both. Answer: firewall Question 2What is the last stage of the Cyber Kill Chain framework?
Answer: malicious action Question 3Which tool can identify malicious traffic by comparing packet contents to known attack signatures? Explanation: An IDS, or intrusion detection system, is a device that can scan packets and compare them to a set of rules or attack signatures. If the packets match attack signatures, then the IDS can create an alert and log the detection. Answer: IDS Question 4A _________ is a group of compromised or hacked computers (bots) controlled by an individual with malicious intent. Explanation: A compromised or hacked computer that is controlled by a malicious individual or group is known as a bot. A group of these hacked computers under the control of a malicious individual or group is known as a botnet. Answer: botnet Question 5What type of attack disrupts services by overwhelming network devices with bogus traffic?
Explanation: DDoS, or distributed denial of service, attacks are used to disrupt service by overwhelming network devices with bogus traffic. Answer: DDoS Question 6Which protocol is used by the Cisco Cyberthreat Defense Solution to collect information about the traffic that is traversing the network? Explanation: NetFlow is used both to gather details about the traffic that is flowing through the network, and to report it to a central collector. Answer: NetFlow Question 7Behavior-based analysis involves using baseline information to detect _________ that could indicate an attack Explanation: Behavior-based security uses informational context to detect anomalies in the network. Answer: anomalies Question 8Which tool can perform real-time traffic and port analysis, and can also detect port scans, fingerprinting and buffer overflow attacks? Explanation: Snort is an open source intrusion protection system (IPS) that is capable of performing real-time traffic and port analysis, packet logging, content searching and matching, as well as detecting probes, attacks, port scans, fingerprinting, and buffer overflow attacks. Answer: Snort Final Exam:Question 1Which statement describes cybersecurity?
Explanation: Cybersecurity is the ongoing effort to protect Internet-connected network systems and all of the data associated with the systems from unauthorized use or harm. Answer: It is an ongoing effort to protect Internet-connected systems and the data associated with those systems from unauthorized use or harm. Question 2What are two objectives of ensuring data integrity? (Choose two.)
Explanation: The objectives for data integrity include data not being altered during transit and not being changed by unauthorized entities. Authentication and encryption are methods to ensure confidentiality. Data being available all the time is the goal of availability. Answer: 2. Data is unaltered during transit, 4. Data is not changed by unauthorized entities. Question 3A web server administrator is configuring access settings to require users to authenticate first before accessing certain web pages. Which requirement of information security is addressed through the configuration?
Explanation: Confidentiality ensures that data is accessed only by authorized individuals. Authentication will help verify the identity of the individuals. Answer: confidentiality Question 4A company is experiencing overwhelming visits to a main web server. The IT department is developing a plan to add a couple more web servers for load balancing and redundancy. Which requirement of information security is addressed by implementing the plan?
Explanation: Availability ensures that network services are accessible and performing well under all conditions. By load balancing the traffic destined to the main web servers, in times of a huge volume of visits the systems will be well managed and serviced. Answer: availability Question 5An employee does something as a company representative with the knowledge of that company and this action is deemed illegal. The company would be legally responsible for this action. Explanation: This is a bit of a grey area and would also depend on local laws. In many cases, if the employee did something with the knowledge or approval of the company, then the legal responsibility would probably be with the company not the employee. In some areas or situations, both the company and employee could be held legally responsible. Answer: true Question 6What is the main purpose of cyberwarfare?
Explanation: Cyberwarfare is Internet-based conflict that involves the penetration of the networks and computer systems of other nations. The main purpose of cyberwarfare is to gain advantage over adversaries, whether they are nations or competitors. Answer: to gain advantage over adversaries Question 7When describing malware, what is a difference between a virus and a worm?
Answer: A virus replicates itself by attaching to another file, whereas a worm can replicate itself independently. Question 8What type of attack uses zombies?
Explanation: The hacker infects multiple machines (zombies), creating a botnet. Zombies launch the distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. Answer: DDoS Question 9The IT department is reporting that a company web server is receiving an abnormally high number of web page requests from different locations simultaneously. Which type of security attack is occurring?
Explanation: Phishing, spyware, and social engineering are security attacks that collect network and user information. Adware consists, typically, of annoying popup windows. Unlike a DDoS attack, none of these attacks generate large amounts of data traffic that can restrict access to network services. Answer: DDoS Question 10What is the best approach to prevent a compromised IoT device from maliciously accessing data and devices on a local network?
Explanation: The best approach to protect a data network from a possibly compromised IoT device is to place all IoT devices on an isolated network that only has access to the Internet. Answer: Place all IoT devices that have access to the Internet on an isolated network. Question 11What is the best method to avoid getting spyware on a machine?
Explanation: The best method to avoid getting spyware on a user machine is to download software only from trusted websites. Answer: Install software only from trusted websites. Question 12What are two security implementations that use biometrics? (Choose two.)
Explanation: Biometric authentication can be used through the use of a fingerprint, palm print, and facial or voice recognition. Answer: voice recognition, fingerprint Question 13Which technology creates a security token that allows a user to log in to a desired web application using credentials from a social media website?
Explanation: Open Authorization is an open standard protocol that allows end users to access third party applications without exposing their user passwords. Answer: Open Authorization Question 14A medical office employee sends emails to patients about recent patient visits to the facility. What information would put the privacy of the patients at risk if it was included in the email?
Explanation: An email message is transmitted in plain text and can be read by anyone who has access to the data while it is en route to a destination. Patient records include confidential or sensitive information that should be transmitted in a secure manner. Answer: patient records Question 15Which two tools used for incident detection can be used to detect anomalous behavior, to detect command and control traffic, and to detect infected hosts? (Choose two.)
Explanation: Although each of these tools is useful for securing networks and detecting vulnerabilities, only an IDS and NetFlow logging can be used to detect anomalous behavior, command and control traffic, and infected hosts. Answer: intrusion detection system, NetFlow Question 16For what purpose would a network administrator use the Nmap tool?
Explanation: Nmap allows an administrator to perform port scanning to probe computers and the network for open ports. This helps the administrator verify that network security policies are in place. Answer: detection and identification of open ports Question 17Which stage of the kill chain used by attackers focuses on the identification and selection of targets?
Explanation: It is the first stage, reconnaissance, of the the kill chain that focuses on the identification and selection of targets. Answer: reconnaissance Question 18What is an example of the a Cyber Kill Chain?
Answer: a planned process of cyberattack Question 19What tool is used to lure an attacker so that an administrator can capture, log, and analyze the behavior of the attack? Explanation: A honeypot is a tool set up by an administrator to lure an attacker so that the behavior of the attacker can be analyzed. This information can help the administrator identify weaknesses and build a stronger defense. Answer: honeypot Question 20What is one main function of the Cisco Security Incident Response Team?
Explanation: The time between a cyberattack and the time it takes to discover the attack is the time when hackers can get into a network and steal data. An important goal of the CSIRT is to ensure company, system, and data preservation through timely investigations into security incidents. Answer: to ensure company, system, and data preservation Question 21What action will an IDS take upon detection of malicious traffic?
Explanation: An IDS, or intrusion detection system, is a device that can scan packets and compare them to a set of rules or attack signatures. If the packets match attack signatures, then the IDS can create an alert and log the detection. Answer: create a network alert and log the detection |