What are the similarities and differences between the central and peripheral nervous systems?

Inside the body, there is a range of different devices and each device has work and function to maintain the vitality and activity of the body and stay in the right shape.

Among these organs is the nervous system, which is divided into two parts, so through this article we will learn a comparison between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system because the nervous system is one of the most important organs that perform significant functions within the body.

What is the nervous system?

The nervous system is a system through which the body interacts with many effects, whether internal or external within a specialized organ, the nervous system.

·        This is done by a lot of neurons that transmit information from the body's five senses. The sense of touch, the sense of taste, the sense of sight, hearing, and smell.

·      The nervous system is the center of control within the body, organization, and communication in the entire body, in addition to being the center of thinking, learning, and memory.

What is the function of the nervous system?

There are a lot of tasks and functions that the nervous system does:

·        The nervous system is the link between all information from all parts of the body and to link and regulate it within the human body.

·        The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

The brain is one of the most complex organs within the body, it is relatively complex, it needs a percentage of oxygen that the body breathes approximately 20%.

·        The brain consists of 100 million neurons that bind them together.

·        In addition, the nervous system controls the development and growth of the brain, emotion, thinking, growth and aging.

·        The nervous system helps with movement and balance, hunger, thirst, and digestion.

which makes up the central nervous system

·        The central nervous system is one of the most important organs that control the functions of the entire body, it is the center of control and integration and is divided into two main parts:

·        The brain performs many tasks, which is sensation, thinking, movement, speech, and other tasks, all of these tasks are controlled by the brain, it is divided into three parts and it is as follows:

Core

It is closer to the spinal cord and regulates all involuntary movements within the human body, for example, heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.

Bridge

It connects the upper brain to the bottom through the bridge, controlling sleep and waking up by secreting certain chemicals.

Cerebellum

It is located between the bridge and the rest of the brain stem, it contains burking cells that have complex branches that process a wide range of signals at the same time.

It regulates voluntary movements, namely muscle movement, human feelings, and balance.

The average brain

It's a small part, but it's very important. It is the center of contact between the brain and the spinal cord, connecting the anterior brain in the back brain to control eye movement.

Anterior brain

It takes a large part of the brain and contains the brain as it transmits the body's senses to the brain. It has thinking and planning processes inside and surrounds the outside of the brain a layer called the cerebral cortex,

In addition, the anterior brain contains anencephaly, a group of small parts with a range of functions.

Spinal solution

·        The spinal cord is located inside the human body, about 45 centimeters long and 2 centimeters in diameter.

·        It is a long cylinder divided into a number of vertebrae, each paragraph having a couple of nerve roots consisting of many nerve fibers.

Among these pairs is a pair located towards the back called dorsal root, and another is located far from the back and is called the abdominal root.

·        The spinal cord transmits all information to and from the brain, where it controls the contraction and relaxation of the muscles when walking next to involuntary responses.

What are the tissues of the central nervous system?

·        The central nervous system has two types of tissues:

Gray matter

It is a thin substance, which forms the outer part of the brain similar to a brush, found in the inner part of the spinal cord and consists of a group of neurons, blood vessels, and neuron bodies.

White matter

The substance that forms the inner part of the brain contains a set of nerve cell axes and is covered with a substance called myelin.

Peripheral nervous system

The peripheral nervous system contains a group of nerves found outside the central nervous system. It has a role in connecting the central nervous system to organs and limbs and helps the brain and spinal cord receive and send information to different areas within the body.

In addition, it allows interaction with surrounding objects in the environment, and the peripheral nervous system is divided into two parts: the sensory nervous system.

  The sensory nervous system is responsible for transmitting all sensory and motor information from the central nervous system, which consists of a group of sensory nerves in motor nerves.

 The physical nervous system is divided into two parts, sensory neurons that transmit sensory signals from nerves from within the central nervous system are called incoming neurons.

The second section is motor neurons when the body is exposed to stimuli that need movement

·        The central nervous system releases information for muscle fibers through motor neurons and here they are known as sensory cells released.

·        Neurons transmit all information in the nervous system through neurons that communicate between them by secreting a chemical called neurotransmitters in an area between neurons called neurotransmitters.

·        Neurons are divided into three sections, including the cell body, which contains the nucleus and many cytoplasmic organelles, and also consists of tree appendages,

·        The third section of neurons is called the axis through which the stimuli are transmitted to neurons.

Glial cells

·        Glial cells are cells found in neurons.

·        It has a group of different cells, including stellar cells, and low-dendritic cells,

In addition to the lining cells, the Shawan cells, and the small glial cells

Updated March 13, 2018

By Lawrence Adams

The human nervous system is a complicated system of connecting neurons and associated cells. The nervous system allows us to think, breathe and feel. Scientists categorize the nervous system into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These parts of the nervous system differ in their structures and physiological functions.

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all other nervous system tissue. All sensory receptors, sensory neurons and motor neurons are part of the PNS. The bones of the skull and spinal vertebrae encase all CNS neurons. Neurons in the PNS are not encased in bone; rather, they travel through or lie on top of muscle, organ and skin tissue. Groups of neurons form in both the CNS and the PNS. In the CNS, a group of neurons is called a nucleus. In the PNS, a group of cell bodies is known as a ganglion, while a bundle of neuron tracts is called a nerve.

The primary purpose of the CNS is to organize and analyze information. Nervous system impulses run to and from the brain via the spinal cord. Different areas of the brain process sensory and motor information, allowing us to observe and react to our environment. The central purpose of the PNS is to follow the commands of the CNS. Neurons in the PNS gather sensory information from the environment and relay it to the CNS. After the CNS processes the information, the PNS responds to its commands by changing motor output.

The brain and spinal cord are broken down by their general purposes. For example, the brain consists of the cerebrum, diencephalon, midbrain and hindbrain. Each brain region performs a specific set of tasks. The PNS is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system consists of consciously controlled nerves that receive sensory information and execute motor commands. The autonomic nervous system operates without conscious commands from the brain. It monitors heart rate, digestive activity, breathing, salivation and sexual arousal.

Experts divide the nervous system into the CNS and PNS to classify its important functions. However, both parts of the nervous system work in tandem and are essential to life. Without the PNS, the CNS would not have any sensory input to process, making it impossible to react to the environment. Likewise, the PNS relies upon the CNS to coordinate information from different body parts and make decisions about how you should react in a given situation. These two parts of the nervous system work together in synchrony to create our conscious experience of everyday life.