How to compare two things in english

adverb

in comparison with someone or something similar

conjunction

used for comparing two things, people, situations etc and showing that there is an important difference between them

phrase

used for talking about the ways in which two things are different, or about the ways in which something has changed

phrase

used for saying that something is true when you compare it with other similar things

phrase

used when you are comparing two things or people and saying that the second one is very different from the first

phrase

when compared to someone or something

phrase

used with ‘more’, ‘less’, and other comparatives for showing that when an amount, activity, feeling, or quality increases or is reduced, it causes something else to increase or be reduced at the same time

phrase

considered in relation to something

adjective

having a particular quality when compared with something else

How to compare two things in english
COMPARISON OF EQUALITY

Affirmative: AS - AS
      My son is as tall as me
Negative: NOT SO - AS  (also: not as - as)
      My son isn’t so tall as me / My son isn’t as tall as me

How to compare two things in english
COMPARISON OF INFERIORITY

LESS - THAN


      I’m less fat than last summer
      The film was less interesting than what I expected

How to compare two things in english
COMPARISON OF SUPERIORITY AND SUPERLATIVE

When comparing two things we use the comparative:

      John is taller than Mark

When comparing more than two things, we use the superlative:

      John is the tallest in his family
      Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world

How to compare two things in english
short words (1 syllable):

Comparatives add -ER and superlatives add -EST


     old  older  oldest
     fast  faster  fastest
Words ending in -e drop it

     late  later  latest
     fine  finer  finest

Words ending in -y change it to -i

     shy  shier  shiest


Words ending in one single syllable followed by one single consonant, double the final consonant when the vowel is stressed: -1V+1C --> -CC
     fat  fatter  fattest
     slim  slimmer  slimmest
 

How to compare two things in english
long words (3 or more syllables):

They use MORE for the comparative and THE MOST for the superlative.

 

     intelligent  more intelligent  the most intelligent

 

How to compare two things in english
2-syllable words:

They can use both forms, but we prefer More/the Most      

     handsome  more handsome the most handsome
     cheerful  more cheerful  the most cheerful

 Nevertheless, words ending in -y and some adjectives such as: quiet, clever and narrow usually take -er/-est

     easy  easier   the easiest
     happy  happier  the happiest
     clever  cleverer   the cleverest

 But if they end in -ly, they use more/most (except: early)

     quickly  more quickly  the most quickly
     slowly  more slowly  the most slowly
     early  earlier  the earliest

 

If you find the two-syllable words confusing, it is usually safe to say that when in doubt, you can always use more/most.

 

How to compare two things in english
PRONOUNS WITH COMPARATIVES  If the second part of the comparison is a personal pronoun, there are three possibilities:

     She's older than me     (the most common construction in informal English)


     She's older than I am   (the most common in formal English)
     She's older than I         (very formal and rarely used, so you can forget about it) 

  

How to compare two things in english
SUPERLATIVE SENTENCES

Don't forget to use the article with superlatives: the


     Tommy is the tallest person I know  

When comparing with a group, use the preposition IN (rarely "of")


     That's the highest building in the world      You have the nicest room in the hotel      The boss is the most important person in the company

     I'm the youngest in my family

 

But we can use the preposition OF before plurals and time expresions


     He’s the biggest one of the boys      Kevin is the most handsome of them      This is the best day of my life

     July is usually the hottest month of the year

 

How to compare two things in english
GRADING - my friend is tall  --> my friend is taller than me

- my friend is very tall  --> my friend is much taller than me


- my friend is a bit tall --> my friend is a bit taller than me
- my friend is very very very tall --> my friend is by far the tallest  

- My friend is much less tall than me


- my friend is by far the tallest in class  (much much taller than the rest)
- my friend is much more intelligent than John
- my girl-friend is by far the most wonderful girl in the world

How to compare two things in english
To express that the quality is increasing, you use more and more

- It's getting darker and darker
- You are becoming more and more stupid

 

How to compare two things in english
Irregular forms

     good/well    better    best      bad/badly    worse    worst

     far  further/farther    furthest/farthest

 SUMMARY (examples)

=     Jim is as tall as Jack  


≠     Jim is not so tall as Jack 
-      Jim is less tall than Jack
+     Jim is taller than Jack         Jim is more intelligent than Jack 

++   Jim is the tallest in my class


       Jim is the most intelligent 

How to compare two things in english
  Note for speakers of Spanish (and Italian, Portuguese, etc.): What you call "superlativo" is not the English superlative (-est), but the forms ending in -ísimo. That form is usually expressed in English with SO:     Marcos es altísimo
How to compare two things in english
  Mark is so tall

How to compare two things in english
How to compare two things in english
How to compare two things in english


Page 2

- Equality- Inferiority- Superiority and Superlative forms    - Short words    - Long words    - 2-syllable words- Pronouns with comparatives- Superlative sentences- Grading

- Irregular forms

How to compare two things in english
COMPARISON OF EQUALITY

Affirmative: AS - AS
      My son is as tall as me
Negative: NOT SO - AS  (also: not as - as)
      My son isn’t so tall as me / My son isn’t as tall as me

How to compare two things in english
COMPARISON OF INFERIORITY

LESS - THAN


      I’m less fat than last summer
      The film was less interesting than what I expected

How to compare two things in english
COMPARISON OF SUPERIORITY AND SUPERLATIVE

When comparing two things we use the comparative:

      John is taller than Mark

When comparing more than two things, we use the superlative:

      John is the tallest in his family
      Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world

How to compare two things in english
short words (1 syllable):

Comparatives add -ER and superlatives add -EST


     old  older  oldest
     fast  faster  fastest
Words ending in -e drop it

     late  later  latest
     fine  finer  finest

Words ending in -y change it to -i

     shy  shier  shiest


Words ending in one single syllable followed by one single consonant, double the final consonant when the vowel is stressed: -1V+1C --> -CC
     fat  fatter  fattest
     slim  slimmer  slimmest
 

How to compare two things in english
long words (3 or more syllables):

They use MORE for the comparative and THE MOST for the superlative.

 

     intelligent  more intelligent  the most intelligent

 

How to compare two things in english
2-syllable words:

They can use both forms, but we prefer More/the Most      

     handsome  more handsome the most handsome
     cheerful  more cheerful  the most cheerful

 Nevertheless, words ending in -y and some adjectives such as: quiet, clever and narrow usually take -er/-est

     easy  easier   the easiest
     happy  happier  the happiest
     clever  cleverer   the cleverest

 But if they end in -ly, they use more/most (except: early)

     quickly  more quickly  the most quickly
     slowly  more slowly  the most slowly
     early  earlier  the earliest

 

If you find the two-syllable words confusing, it is usually safe to say that when in doubt, you can always use more/most.

 

How to compare two things in english
PRONOUNS WITH COMPARATIVES  If the second part of the comparison is a personal pronoun, there are three possibilities:

     She's older than me     (the most common construction in informal English)


     She's older than I am   (the most common in formal English)
     She's older than I         (very formal and rarely used, so you can forget about it) 

  

How to compare two things in english
SUPERLATIVE SENTENCES

Don't forget to use the article with superlatives: the


     Tommy is the tallest person I know  

When comparing with a group, use the preposition IN (rarely "of")


     That's the highest building in the world      You have the nicest room in the hotel      The boss is the most important person in the company

     I'm the youngest in my family

 

But we can use the preposition OF before plurals and time expresions


     He’s the biggest one of the boys      Kevin is the most handsome of them      This is the best day of my life

     July is usually the hottest month of the year

 

How to compare two things in english
GRADING - my friend is tall  --> my friend is taller than me

- my friend is very tall  --> my friend is much taller than me


- my friend is a bit tall --> my friend is a bit taller than me
- my friend is very very very tall --> my friend is by far the tallest  

- My friend is much less tall than me


- my friend is by far the tallest in class  (much much taller than the rest)
- my friend is much more intelligent than John
- my girl-friend is by far the most wonderful girl in the world

How to compare two things in english
To express that the quality is increasing, you use more and more

- It's getting darker and darker
- You are becoming more and more stupid

 

How to compare two things in english
Irregular forms

     good/well    better    best      bad/badly    worse    worst

     far  further/farther    furthest/farthest

 SUMMARY (examples)

=     Jim is as tall as Jack  


≠     Jim is not so tall as Jack 
-      Jim is less tall than Jack
+     Jim is taller than Jack         Jim is more intelligent than Jack 

++   Jim is the tallest in my class


       Jim is the most intelligent 

How to compare two things in english
  Note for speakers of Spanish (and Italian, Portuguese, etc.): What you call "superlativo" is not the English superlative (-est), but the forms ending in -ísimo. That form is usually expressed in English with SO:     Marcos es altísimo
How to compare two things in english
  Mark is so tall


Page 3

- Equality- Inferiority- Superiority and Superlative forms    - Short words    - Long words    - 2-syllable words- Pronouns with comparatives- Superlative sentences- Grading

- Irregular forms

How to compare two things in english
COMPARISON OF EQUALITY

Affirmative: AS - AS
      My son is as tall as me
Negative: NOT SO - AS  (also: not as - as)
      My son isn’t so tall as me / My son isn’t as tall as me

How to compare two things in english
COMPARISON OF INFERIORITY

LESS - THAN


      I’m less fat than last summer
      The film was less interesting than what I expected

How to compare two things in english
COMPARISON OF SUPERIORITY AND SUPERLATIVE

When comparing two things we use the comparative:

      John is taller than Mark

When comparing more than two things, we use the superlative:

      John is the tallest in his family
      Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world

How to compare two things in english
short words (1 syllable):

Comparatives add -ER and superlatives add -EST


     old  older  oldest
     fast  faster  fastest
Words ending in -e drop it

     late  later  latest
     fine  finer  finest

Words ending in -y change it to -i

     shy  shier  shiest


Words ending in one single syllable followed by one single consonant, double the final consonant when the vowel is stressed: -1V+1C --> -CC
     fat  fatter  fattest
     slim  slimmer  slimmest
 

How to compare two things in english
long words (3 or more syllables):

They use MORE for the comparative and THE MOST for the superlative.

 

     intelligent  more intelligent  the most intelligent

 

How to compare two things in english
2-syllable words:

They can use both forms, but we prefer More/the Most      

     handsome  more handsome the most handsome
     cheerful  more cheerful  the most cheerful

 Nevertheless, words ending in -y and some adjectives such as: quiet, clever and narrow usually take -er/-est

     easy  easier   the easiest
     happy  happier  the happiest
     clever  cleverer   the cleverest

 But if they end in -ly, they use more/most (except: early)

     quickly  more quickly  the most quickly
     slowly  more slowly  the most slowly
     early  earlier  the earliest

 

If you find the two-syllable words confusing, it is usually safe to say that when in doubt, you can always use more/most.

 

How to compare two things in english
PRONOUNS WITH COMPARATIVES  If the second part of the comparison is a personal pronoun, there are three possibilities:

     She's older than me     (the most common construction in informal English)


     She's older than I am   (the most common in formal English)
     She's older than I         (very formal and rarely used, so you can forget about it) 

  

How to compare two things in english
SUPERLATIVE SENTENCES

Don't forget to use the article with superlatives: the


     Tommy is the tallest person I know  

When comparing with a group, use the preposition IN (rarely "of")


     That's the highest building in the world      You have the nicest room in the hotel      The boss is the most important person in the company

     I'm the youngest in my family

 

But we can use the preposition OF before plurals and time expresions


     He’s the biggest one of the boys      Kevin is the most handsome of them      This is the best day of my life

     July is usually the hottest month of the year

 

How to compare two things in english
GRADING - my friend is tall  --> my friend is taller than me

- my friend is very tall  --> my friend is much taller than me


- my friend is a bit tall --> my friend is a bit taller than me
- my friend is very very very tall --> my friend is by far the tallest  

- My friend is much less tall than me


- my friend is by far the tallest in class  (much much taller than the rest)
- my friend is much more intelligent than John
- my girl-friend is by far the most wonderful girl in the world

How to compare two things in english
To express that the quality is increasing, you use more and more

- It's getting darker and darker
- You are becoming more and more stupid

 

How to compare two things in english
Irregular forms

     good/well    better    best      bad/badly    worse    worst

     far  further/farther    furthest/farthest

 SUMMARY (examples)

=     Jim is as tall as Jack  


≠     Jim is not so tall as Jack 
-      Jim is less tall than Jack
+     Jim is taller than Jack         Jim is more intelligent than Jack 

++   Jim is the tallest in my class


       Jim is the most intelligent 

How to compare two things in english
  Note for speakers of Spanish (and Italian, Portuguese, etc.): What you call "superlativo" is not the English superlative (-est), but the forms ending in -ísimo. That form is usually expressed in English with SO:     Marcos es altísimo
How to compare two things in english
  Mark is so tall