Which of the following concepts is the first and most important when providing patient care?

Preventing re-hospitalization is a huge responsibility, especially in consideration of costly penalties that are levied for early readmissions. To accomplish this, nurses need to constantly improve patient teaching and education prior to discharge. Some of the things nurses can do to advance patient education include:

• Delegate more responsibilities to support staff and be more focused on patient education.
• Begin educating patients with every encounter from admission.
• Find out what the patient already knows. Correct any misinformation.
• Feed patients information in layman’s terms. Utilize visual aids as often as possible.
• Question their understanding of the care, and plan for the next lesson.
• Use return demonstration when administering care. Involve the patient from the very first treatment.
• Ask the patient to tell you how they would explain (step-by-step) their disease or treatment to their loved one.
• Make sure the patient understands the medications as you administer them. Make sure they understand how and when to refill medications.
• Provide patients with information about signs and symptoms of their condition that will require immediate attention.

Five strategies for patient education success

Teaching patients is an important aspect of nursing care. Whether teaching a new mom how to bathe a newborn baby or instructing an adult who is living with a chronic heart disease, a successful outcome depends on the quality of the nurse’s instruction and support. Consider these five strategies.

1. Take advantage of educational technology

Technology has made patient education materials more accessible. Educational resources can be customized and printed out for patients with the touch of a button. Make sure the patient’s individualized needs are addressed. Don't simply hand the patient a stack of papers to read, review them with patients to ensure they understand the instructions and answer questions that arise. Some resources are available in several languages.

2. Determine the patient’s learning style

Similar information may be provided by a range of techniques. In fact, providing education using different modalities reinforces teaching. Patients have different learning styles so ask if your patient learns best by watching a DVD or by reading. A hands on approach where the patient gets to perform a procedure with your guidance is often the best method.

3. Stimulate the patient’s interest

It's essential that patients understand why this is important. Establish rapport, ask and answer questions, and consider specific patient concerns. Some patients may want detailed information about every aspect of their health condition while others may want just the facts, and do better with a simple checklist.

4. Consider the patient’s limitations and strengths

Does the patient have physical, mental, or emotional impairments that impact the ability to learn? Some patients may need large print materials and if the patient is hearing impaired, use visual materials and hands on methods instead of simply providing verbal instruction. Always have patients explain what you taught them. Often people will nod “yes” or say that they comprehend what is taught even if they have not really heard or understood. Consider factors such as fatigue and the shock of learning a critical diagnosis when educating patients.

5. Include family members in health care management

Involving family members in patient teaching improves the chances that your instructions will be followed. In many cases, you will be providing most of the instruction to family members. Families play a critical role in health care management.

Teaching patients and their families can be one of the most challenging, yet also rewarding elements of providing nursing care. First-rate instruction improves patient outcomes dramatically.

The value of patient education resources

For further resources that will strength your organization’s patient-teaching, let Lippincott Advisor help. Our best-in-class, evidence-based decision support software for institutions includes over 16,000 customizable patient teaching handouts and content entries.

Internet Citation: Six Domains of Health Care Quality. Content last reviewed November 2018. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD.
https://www.ahrq.gov/talkingquality/measures/six-domains.html

• treating you with dignity, respect and compassion
• communicating and coordinating your care between appointments and different services over time, such as when making a referral from your GP to a specialist
• or sharing your care between a community health service and a hospital
• tailoring the care to suit your needs and what you want to achieve
• supporting you to understand and learn about your health
• helping you find ways to get better, look after yourself and stay independent
• involving you in your healthcare decisions at all times.

Patient-centred care is more than just how your healthcare professional treats you. It is also about how healthcare services and governments create and support policies to put healthcare users, not healthcare organisations, at the centre of care.

Expect patient-centred care from your healthcare professional

You have the right to access healthcare when you need it. You should expect that this care supplied by your healthcare provider is safe and of high quality. In order to provide patient-centred care, it is important for healthcare professionals to have a good understanding of your care preferences. They should respect these preferences throughout your treatment.

When your care is patient-centred, your healthcare professional clearly explains your treatment options and respects your decisions. They will acknowledge you for who you are and will not discriminate based on your background, beliefs or preferences.

Actively participate in your care

A key part of patient-centred care is you becoming involved in your healthcare. This means you choosing to be included in all decision making, healthcare planning and goal setting. Doing this can actually improve your healthcare. Your healthcare professional should give you all the information you need to make informed decisions. You should be given time and opportunities to ask questions, and talk to your carers, family and friends before making decisions. In situations where many treatments are needed at the same time, being actively involved in your care will help you and your healthcare team to plan and prioritise your treatments. This helps everyone know and understand what is happening and why.

You also have the right to refuse any treatment that you are not comfortable with, except when you are not able to give your consent. If you lose the capacity to make decisions, you have the right to appoint someone to make medical decisions for you.

Respect in a healthcare setting

You have the right to be treated with respect and dignity. This includes respect for your privacy and the confidentiality of your health information. You have the right to be treated without discrimination based on your age, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, employment status, cultural background or religious beliefs. Healthcare should be delivered in a way that respects all your beliefs, particularly those related to treatment options, death, dietary needs and the gender of the person treating you.

Respect in a healthcare setting also includes healthcare professionals and services trying to arrange your appointment times to fit in with your needs and lifestyle.

Good communication with patient-centred care

High-quality healthcare is based on open and effective two-way communication between you and your healthcare professional. This means understanding what your healthcare professional says and if you are prefer a language other than English, it may include using a professional interpreter.

Your healthcare professional should explain information about your care and condition, including treatment options, prognosis, potential side effects and costs. You should be able to ask questions.

Understanding more about your treatment will help you make informed decisions about your care.

Providing a safe environment

Your healthcare professional should provide an environment where you feel safe. This includes, for example, providing care and treatment that includes personal privacy, such as separate treatment rooms, screens or curtains.

How to identify patient-centred care

If you are not sure whether you are receiving patient-centred care, ask yourself:

• Have you been asked about your needs and preferences and is the healthcare professional working to meet them?
• Have you been encouraged and supported to be involved in planning and making decisions about your care?
• Have you been given the option to involve a support person or interpreter during consultations?
• Has the communication from the healthcare professional been clear and in language you can understand?
• Has the healthcare professional shown respect for you as an individual?
• Does the healthcare organisation have clear feedback process? Have you been told about these?

What to do if you’re unhappy with your care

If you feel your doctor, other healthcare professional or healthcare service is not putting your needs and choices at the centre of your care, you have the right to say something about it and to have your concerns addressed. This also applies if you are unhappy with the way someone you are caring for is being treated.

Healthcare organisations should make their feedback process easy to find and use.

Speak to your healthcare professional first

If you have a problem with a healthcare professional or service, start by talking with them to explain your concerns. It may be a misunderstanding or something that can be easily resolved.

Make a complaint to the healthcare service

Healthcare organisations often welcome feedback so they can improve their services. Sometimes, it highlights a bigger problem that they need to address. Some hospitals have a patient representative who deals with patient feedback. Your healthcare organisation should clearly tell you how you can give feedback about your experience. If not, ask your healthcare professional or look on the healthcare organisation’s website for more information.

Make a complaint to the Health Services Commissioner

If you are unhappy with the health service’s response, contact the Health Complaints Commissioner on (03) 1300 582 113 or make a complaint online . This free and confidential service assists in resolving complaints about Victorian health services.

When you contact the Health Services Commissioner, an Assessment Officer will:

• listen to your feedback
• give you information about what to do next
• help you to take your complaint to the healthcare service
• refer your complaint to the Health Services Commissioner for further action if needed
• put you in contact with other people who may be able to help.

Where to get help

• Australian safety and quality framework for health care, 2010, Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare. More information here.
• Patient and consumer centred care, 2015, Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare. More information here.  
• Australian charter of healthcare rights in Victoria, 2014, Victorian Government. More information here .

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:

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