When we prepare the solution of KNO3 5gm and water 100 mL the temperature of solution decrease

Question 12 Exercise

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Answer:

Solution:

When ‘X’ g of potassium nitrate is added to 100 g of water, and stirred well at 60°C. ‘X’ g of solute dissolves completely in water, so more solute will be added and again stirred thoroughly. The solute continues to dissolve, hence the solution is unsaturated.

Now, ‘X’ + ‘Y’ g of solute is added to water and the solute remains behind even after stirring. The solution is now saturated.

Solubility of potassium nitrate is ‘X’ + ‘Y’ g

Video transcript

friends welcome to leaders online homework solving session this is neha and today we'll be looking at the following question question says if x grams of potassium nitrate is added to 100 grams of water at 60 degree celsius and salt dissolves completely then what is this is x gram the solubility of potassium nitrate at 63 degree celsius is the solution form saturated or unsaturated if an addition x plus y of potassium nitrate to the same amount of water at same temperature and the solute now just remains behind after steering then is the solution now saturated unsaturated and is x plus y grams the solubility of potassium nitrate at 60 degrees celsius so friends in this question we have two scenarios in the first scenario here which we can see in image one we have x grams of potassium nitrate added and at the second case we have x plus y grams of potassium nitrate added to the water now let's look at the first case in the first case what i add is i am adding here x grams of [Music] solute so what is the x gram of solute my x grams of solute is potassium nitrate that is 100 gram of solute to the water at 60 degree celsius what i observe after adding i steer the solution and i observe that the solution completely dissolves in water okay now what i do i add more so i'm adding more solute and i still thoroughly so when i add more solute and i stare so thoroughly again i observe that it completely dissolves that is it is continuing to dissolve in water so water that is the solvent water that is the solvent can dissolve more of solute at this given temperature so yes we can say x gram of the solubility of potassium nitrate at 60 degree celsius years and is the solution form saturated or unsaturated so trends in this case the solution remains unsaturated as it can dissolve more of solute in water now let's look at the next question in the next question what i do is i'm adding x plus graph y grams of solute in 100 grams of water at 60 degrees celsius okay now what i observe is there is some solute part of the solute is just remains undissolved so here we have part of the solute this remains undissolved so when i have a part of the solute which is remain undissolved i say that the solute is now the solution is now saturated the solution is saturated and the solubility of potassium nitrate is x plus y grams so friends this is how we approach this question hope you understood the solution in case if you have any doubts please feel free to drop a comment below and subscribe to this channel for regular updates thank you

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These recipes were collected over the course of manyyears by various stockroom technicians (therefore I can take nocredit or responsibility for their accuracy or lack thereof).For each recipe there are surely other ways of making them and/orother formulations. Some are actually formulas concocted by our faculty for their own research needs. There are many duplications in this list (ie. rat ringers is alsolisted as ringers, rat etc.) as I have intended it to be easily downloaded and printed to a card type file with cross references. This is most easily done by "searching" for the ******* lines and "replacing" with a page break. The resulting pages should fit easily on a 4x6 cards.Should you wish to add or correct errors in this list please e-mail your recipe or correction to me, at bmcnulty(at)csuchico(dot)eduand I will incorporate it/them into our list with the appropriateacknowledgements (if desired).BEFORE MIXING ANY REAGENT YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND THE PROPERTIES OF ALL OF THE CHEMICALS INVOLVED. Consult your MSDS, Merk Index, CRC etc. before mixing any reagent. The Biology Department, California State University Chico, and most important, Myself.... assume NO responsibility for the outcome of mixing any of these reagents !!!!! Now on with the listTo avoid laborious scrolling click on the desired location in

the alphabet below.

A's2-4 - Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2-4-D) Mix dry reagent in a small amount of 95% ethanol. Place this solution in a warming plate 32 deg C and add prewarmed water slowly with swirling until desired concentration is reached. ****************************************************************5% Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate Add concentrated ammonium hydroxide to 5% silver nitrate until resulting precipitate again dissolves. ****************************************************************A.F.A. , Botanical 115 ml Formalin 115 ml Glacial acetic acid 805 ml 95% Ethanol 805 ml Distilled water ****************************************************************ACD used for blood 1.32 gm Na Citrate 0.48 gm Citric Acid 1.47 gm Dextrose 100 mls Distilled water Use 0.25 ml/ml of blood ****************************************************************ACETIC ACID - DILUTIONS 172 MLS 3N 57.3 mls 1N 1.046 mls 0.02N Bring to a final volume of 1 Liter. ****************************************************************Aceto Carmine Stain ( Stern) 45 ml Glacial acetic acid 55 ml water 0.5 gm Carmine Heat the 45% acetic acid solution to boiling. Add the 0.5gmCarmine and continue heating for several minutes with stirring. Filter and cool. ****************************************************************ACETO-CARMINE (BELLING'S) STOCK 1 55 ml Distilled water 45 ml Acetic acid 5.0 gms Carmine STOCK 2 55 ml Distilled water 45 ml Acetic Acid 5 gms Ferric oxide (iron acetate) Boil stock solution 1 for 15 minutes, cool and filter To 50 mls of stock 1 add stock 2 until pcpt just appears then quickly add 50 ml more of stock 1 ***for most purposes omit stock solution 2 and just use stock solution 1. ****************************************************************ACETO-CARMINE (chromosome stain for drosophila) 1. Weigh sufficient solid Carmin or Orcein, or Lacmoid to make a 2% solution. 2. Place the stain with the appropriate volume of 45% acetic acid in a flask with a vertical condensor. 3. Reflux all day, glass beads or pumice will help to prevent bumping. 4. Allow to cool and filter. ****************************************************************ACETOCARMINE Stock sol'n - Boil and excess (aprox 0.5g/100 ml) of carminein 45% acetic acid (aq) 2-4 minutes. Cool and filter. Working sol'n. Dilute stock sol'n with 45% acetic acid 1:2. An iron mordanted stain often is favored because of darker bluish tinged red. Belling added a few drops of 50% ferric hydrate in 50% acetic acid, but only a few drops! Too much iron will produce a pcpt in a short time. Moree(1944) determined quantatively the amount of ferric chloride to add and includes volumes tables Moree, r. 1944 Stain tech 9:103-108 ****************************************************************ACETIC ALCOHOL 100 mls Ethanol anhydrous 33 ml Glacial Acetic Acid ****************************************************************ACID ALCOHOL 50 ml 35% Ethanol 3 drops HCl (con) ****************************************************************ACID ALCOHOL FOR GLASSWARE CLEANING 100ml 70% Ethanol 5 ml HCl ****************************************************************ACID CLEANING SOLUTION 120 gms Na Dichromate 1 Liter Tap Water 1.6 Liters Con Sulfuric Dissolve chromate in water. Add acid with swirling. Be sure to surround mixing vessel with ice bath. ****************************************************************Acid cleaning solution 1 120 gm Na dichromate 1000 ml tap water 1600 ml sulfuric acid Dissolve chromate in water. Add acid with swirling. Be sure to surround mixing vessel with ice bath. ****************************************************************ACID CLEANING SOLUTION 2 120 gm Potassium Dichromate 600 mls water 920 mls Con Sulfuric Acid Dissolve chromate in water. Add acid with swirling. Be sure to surround mixing vessel with ice bath. ****************************************************************Acid cleaning solution 2 120 gm Potassium dichromate 600 ml water 920 ml sulfuric acid Dissolve chromate in water. Add acid with swirling. Be sure to surround mixing vessel with ice bath. ****************************************************************AFA (ALEXANDER'S) 460 ML FORMALIN 1152 ML 95% ETHANOL 76 ML GLACIAL ACETIC ACID 2308 ML TAP WATER ****************************************************************ALCOHOLIC BORAX CARMINE ( GRENACHER'S) 3 gm Carmine 4 gm Borax 100 ml distilled water Boil until the carmine is dissolved (1/2 hr) or better yet allow the mixture to stand at room temp until dissolved. Then add 70% ethanol (100 ml) and allow to stand for a day or two then filter. ****************************************************************ALEXANDER'S AFA 460 ML FORMALIN 1152 ML 95% ETHANOL 76 ML GLACIAL ACETIC ACID 2308 ML TAP WATER ****************************************************************ALGAL PRESERVATIVE 8 parts 50% Ethanol 1 part 5% Formalin 1 part Glycerine ****************************************************************Alizerine Red S for whole mount staining of bone 1 part alizerin red in 10,000 parts 1% - 2% KOH Material is cleared in 2% KOH first. ****************************************************************Alkaline - Iodine NaOH 500 gm or KOH 700 gm *******and********** NaI 135 gm or KI 150 gm dissolved in distilled water to make 1 Liter (used for determining dissolved oxygen) ****************************************************************Alkaline Alcohol Add a few drops of 1.0% sodium bicarbonate to 70% Ethanol ****************************************************************Alkaline Na I Dissolve 40 gm of NaOH and 90 gm of NaI to make 100 ml of solution using distilled water. ****************************************************************Alum Carmine (Grenacher's) 100 ml Distilled water 3 gm Aluminum ammonium sulfate 1 gm Carmine Combine and boil for 15 mon or until carmine is dissolved. Cool and filter. ****************************************************************Alum Cochineal 6 gm Potassium alum 6 gm powdered cochineal 90 ml distilled water Boil for 1/2 hour. After the fluid has settled, decant the supernatant liquid, add more water and boil it down until only 90 mls remain. Filter when cool and add a bit of thymol or a little salicylic acid to prevent the growth of mold ****************************************************************Aman's Lactophenol 20 ml melted phenol 20 ml Lactic acid 40 ml glycerine 21 ml distilled water To 100 ml of the above add 5 ml of 1% aqueous Cotton Blue or Acid Fuchsin. ****************************************************************Aminonaphthal Sulfonic Acid Grind 0.5 gm of 1-amino-2-naphthal-4-sulfonic acid with 5 ml of sodium sulfite solution containing 1 gm anhydrous sodium sulfite per 5 ml and disolve in 200 ml sodium bisulfite solution containting 30 gm Na2S2O5 per 200 ml. Keep in brown tightly stoppered bottle. ****************************************************************Ammonium Hydroxide Concentrations Reagent grade (58%) = 29.7 N U.S.P. grade (28%) = 15 N ****************************************************************Ammonium Potassium Oxalate 1.2 gm Ammonium oxalate 0.8 gm Potassium oxalate 100 ml distilled water ****************************************************************Aqua Regia 1 part Nitric Acid 3 parts HCl 1 part distilled water WARNING!!! IF YOU DON'S ADD THE WATER POISONOUS CHLORINE GASS WILL FORM!!!!!!!!!! **************************************************************** B'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z top Balsam in 100% Ethanol 1 part Balsam (solid) 1 part absolute ethanol This takes at least 3 days to disolve so prepare in advance. ****************************************************************Barfoed's Solution Place 4.5 gm crystalized neutral cupric acetate in 100 ml of water, add 0.12 ml of 50% acetic acid. ****************************************************************Baritt's Reagent test for acetylmethylcarbinol 5% solution of alpha naphthol in absolute ethyl alcohol. 40% solution of potassium hydroxide. 0.3% creatin in 40% potassium hydroxide but ADD JUST BEFORE USE. Stable for 2 weeks. ****************************************************************Baryta Water Add Barium Hydroxide plus a pinch of Barium Chloride to a bottle of distilled water until no more will go into solution. Filter and keep tightly stoppered. ****************************************************************BELLING'S ACETO - CARMINE STOCK 1 55 ml Distilled water 45 ml Acetic acid 5.0 gms Carmine STOCK 2 55 ml Distilled water 45 ml Acetic Acid 5 gms Ferric oxide (iron acetate) Boil stock solution 1 for 15 minutes, cool and filter To 50 mls of stock 1 add stock 2 until pcpt just appears then quickly add 50 ml more of stock 1 ***for most purposes omit stock solution 2 and just use stock solution 1. ****************************************************************Benedict's Reagent 173 gm Sodium Citrate 100 gm Sodium Carbonate (anhydrous) 17.3 gm Copper Sulfate to make 1 liter Distilled water Dissolve sodium citrate and sodium carbonate in 800 ml of distilled water. Filter and add copper sulfate dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water. Add distilled water to make 1 Liter. ****************************************************************Benzidine Reagent Make a saturated solution of benzidine in glacial acetic acid. Benzidine Test Place a drop of blood in 3 ml of water. Add 2 ml of saturated solution of benzidine in glacial acetic acid. To this add 1 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide. ****************************************************************Berlese's Medium 10 ml water 3 ml glacial acetic acid 5 ml dextrose syrup 8 gm gum acacia 75 gm Chloral Hydrate Mix water, acid, and syrup. Dissolve gum acacia in this mixture (may take a week). Stir at intervals. Be careful not to include any air bubbles. Afeter gum acacia is dissolved, a;dd chloral hydrate. ****************************************************************Biuret Reagent tried and true!!!! 3 gm CuSO4*5H2O 12 gm Potassium sodium tartrate 600 ml 10% NaOH (aq) Dissolve copper sulfate in 500 ml of distilled water, then dissolve potassium sodium tartrate in this solution. Boil 800 mls of distilled water, cool covered. Add the 600 mls of 10% NaOH to the cooled water. Mix the two solutions and bring to 2 liters. Bottle in PLASTIC BOTTLES. ****************************************************************Biuret Reagent and Paper Biuret Reagent is prepared by adding 25 ml of 3% Copper Sulfate in 10% Potassium hydroxide. Paper (Walkers modification) Add 1% copper sulfate solution a drop at a time, with stirring to a 40% solution of NaOH unitl the mixture becomes a deep blue color. Then filter paper may be immersed in the reagent, dried, and cut into strips for use in tests for proteins. ****************************************************************Blood Diluting Fluid (Gower's) 12.5 gm Sodium Sulfate 33.3 ml Glacial acetic acid 200 ml distilled water ****************************************************************Borax Carmine, Alchohlic, Grenacher's 3 gm Carmine 4 gm Borax 100 ml distilled water Boil until the carmine is dissolved (1/2 hr) or better yet allow the mixture to stand at room temp until dissolved.Then add 70% ethanol (100 ml) and allow to stand for a day or two then filter. ****************************************************************Botanical F.A.A. 115 ml Formalin 115 ml Glacial acetic acid 805 ml 95% Ethanol 805 ml Distilled water ****************************************************************Bouin's Fixative (Alcoholic) Kistner 150 ml 90% Ethanol 60 ml Formalin 15 ml Glacial acetic acid 1 gm Picric Acid ****************************************************************Bouin's Picro-Formol Fixative 75 parts saturated aq Picric Acid 25 parts Formalin 5 parts Glacial acetic Acid 1 gm of picric acid will saturate about 75 mls of water. ****************************************************************Bradford Protein Assay Dye Reagent 50 mg Coomassie Blue G250 100 ml 85% H3PO4 850 ml H2O 50 ml methyl alcohol Mix commassie blue in methyl alcohol first. Then add this to the phosphoric acid. Now add 500 mls of water, mix and filter. Add and mix the remaining 350 mls of water bottle and store in refrigerator. ****************************************************************Brazil's Fixative 150 ml 80% Ethanol 1 gm Picric Acid 60 ml Formalin 15 ml Acetic acid ADD JUST BEFORE USE ****************************************************************Brodie's Manometer Fluid 23 gm NaCl 5 gm Sodium Choleate 500 ml distilled water density = 1.033, Po = 10000 Evans blue (200mg/L) or acid fuchsin are excellent dyes for the fluid; other dyes may be used, but some of these tend to decompose in the manometer. Determine the density of the solution with a pycnometer. ****************************************************************Brom Cresol Purple - indicator for fermentation 1.6 gm Brom Cresol Purple Mix BCP in dry morter with 18.5 ml of ).1N NaOH. Dillute to 100 ml (Enough additional to completely disolve the reagent) ****************************************************************Brom Thymol Blue - indicator 0.1 gm Brom Thymol Blue 16.0 ml 0.01N NaOH Mix in a mortar and then dillute to 250 ml. Use 5 drops / 10 ml of solution being checked. ****************************************************************Brom Thymol Blue - indicator 0.4 gm Brom Thymol Blue 500 ml 95% Ethanol 500 ml Distilled water Dissolve the indicator in the alcohol. Add the distilled water, stir and then filter through fast paper. ****************************************************************Budding Yeast Place a small portion of a yeast cake in malt extract broth Incubate while shaking. **************************************************************** Buffer Solutions of Clark and Lubs - Group 1 To 50 ml of a 0.2M KCl add the indicated number of mls of a 0.2N HCl solution and then diltue to 200mls with distilled water. INDICATOR: Thymol Blue Buffer Solutions of Clark and Lubs - Group 2 To 50 ml of a 0.2M Potassium acid bi phthalate add the indicated number of mls of 0.2N HCl and dilute to 200 ml with distilled water INDICATOR: Thymol blue and Brom Phenol blue Buffer Solutions of Clark and Lubs - Group 3 To 50 ml of a 0.2M Potassium acid bi phthalate add the add the indicated number of mls of 0.2N NaOH, and dilute with distilled water to 200 ml. INDICATORS: Brom cresol green, Brom phenol Blue, Brom cresol purple Buffer Solutions of Clark and Lubs - Group 4 To 50 ml of a 0.2M Acid Potassium phosphate add the indicated number of ml of 0.2N NaOH and dillute to 200 ml. INDICATORS: Brom thymom blue, Brom cresol blue, and Phenol red. Buffer Solutions of Clark and Lubs - Group 5 To 50 ml of 0.2N Boric acid in 0.2M KCl add the indicated number of ml of 0.2N NaOH and diltue to 200 ml with distilled water. INDICATORS: Cresol red and thymol blue ****************************************************************Buffer, Phosphate, Sorensen's Stock solution a) = 9.08gm /1000ml water of KH2-PO4 b) = 9.47gm /1000ml water of Na2-HPO4 Combine the two stock solutions as indicated ****************************************************************Buffer, Tris-Maleate Dissolve 29 gm of maleic acid and 30.3 gm of tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane in 500 ml of water. Add 2 g of Charcoal, shake and let stand for 10 min. Filter. Mix 40 ml of this stock solution with the amount of 1N NaOH indicated below and dillute to a final volume of 100 ml using water. ****************************************************************C's A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topCarbol Methyl Green 1 gm Methyl green 5 gm Phenol or Carbolic 10 ml 95% ethanol 90 ml water Put phenol in mixture o 10 ml alcohol and 60 ml of water. Heat without boiling. Dissolve phenol with constant stirring. Put methyl green in 30 ml of water and heat. Pour dye solution into phenol solution (DO NOT REVERSE THIS!Let stand overnight. Decant and filter. **************************************************************** Carboxylene Melt some Carbolic acid crystals (Phenol) over a low flame (avoid breathing fumes). Mix one part acid to three parts Xylene. **************************************************************** Carl's Solution (FAA) 170 ml 95% ethanol 60 ml Formalin 20 ml Glacial acetic acid 280 ml water Add the glacial acetic acid to the solution just before using. **************************************************************** Carmine, Alum, Grenacher's 100 ml distilled water 3 gm aluminum ammonium sulfate 1 gm Carmine Combine and boil for 15 min or until carmine is dissolved. Cool and filter. **************************************************************** Carmine, Semicon's 1 part glacial acetic acid 1 part water Add carmine powder in excess of that which dissolves immediately. Heat to 95-100 deg C for 15 min. Cool and filter. Dilute filtrate eith equal partsw of 70% ethanol **************************************************************** Carnoy's Fixative 6 parts 100 % ethanol 1 part glacial acetic acid 3 parts Chloroform **************************************************************** Carnoy-LeBrun Fluid 30 ml 100% ethanol 30 ml glacial acetic acid 30 ml Chloroform aprox 10gm Mercuric Chloride Saturat mercuric chloride in the solution. **************************************************************** Celestine Blue (Gray's) Dissolve 2.5 gm iron alum in 100 ml of water with 14 ml glycerine. Place 1 gm Celestine Blue B in a beaker. Tilt the beaker and tap to accumulate the dye in one place. Pouron 0.5 ml con sulfuric acid and mix with glass rod. When the effervescence has ceased the dye will be in the form of a friable mass. Break up this mass coursly and pour on, with constant stirring, the soltuion of inom alum heatedto 50 deg C. Cool to room temp and adjust to pH 0.8 with sulfuric acid. Allow to settle for several days and do not stir when removing some stain for specimens. **************************************************************** Cerophyl Infusion for Stock Culture 4.7 ml .1M Na2-HPO4 0.3 ml .1M NaH2-PO4 945 ml distilled water 50 ml ballanced salt sol'n 0.5 gm Cerophyl Add cerophyl to about 200 ml of boiling water and boil for 3 min. Add remaining water, buffer and pour into appropriate vessels. BALANCED SALT SOLUTION = distilled water 100 ml NaCl 2.08 gm MgSO4 0.08 gm MgCl2 0.17 gm CaCl2 0.02 gm KCl 0.46 gm **************************************************************** Chromate Cleaning Solution 1 120 gm Na dichromate 1000 ml tap water 1600 ml sulfuric acid Dissolve chromate in water. Add acid with swirling. Be sure to surround mixing vessel with ice bath. **************************************************************** Chromate Cleaning Solution 2 120 gm Potassium dichromate 600 ml water 920 ml sulfuric acid Dissolve chromate in water. Add acid with swirling. Be sure to surround mixing vessel with ice bath. **************************************************************** Chromate Starch 5 gm Potassium dichromate 1 gm soluable starch 100 ml water Suspend the starch and the potassium dichromate in cold water with stirring. Bring the mixture to a gentle boil while stirring, cool. **************************************************************** Chromatographic solvent, alkaline butanol sat HOH 80 ml n- butanol 20 ml amonium hydroxide sp gr 0.90 100 ml water Shake together vigorously and allow to stand. **************************************************************** Chromosome stain for fruit fly salivary glands 1. Weigh sufficient solid Carmin or Orcein, or Lacmoid to make a 2% solution. 2. Place the stain with the appropriate volume of 45% acetic acid in a flask with a vertical condensor. 3. Reflux all day, glass beads or pumice will help to prevent bumping. 4. Allow to cool and filter. **************************************************************** Cleaning solution for blood diluting pipets Pull the following solutions through the pipet in order. Never let blood dry in the pipet 1. Dilute acetic acid (4-5 %) 2. tap water 3. Distilled water 4. Acetone 5. Air until enclosure bounces free **************************************************************** Clearing Solution for leaves pg 1 of 2 A. Pre treatment 1. Dried - soak in water till material sinks. 2. Fresh - extract chlorophill - rinse in water. B. Clearing 1. transfer tislsue to a vial of 5% aq solution of NaOH, hydrolize and remove cytoplasimic material. 2. if delicate, clear at room temp, otherwise heat may be used - 55 deg C. Replace with fresh NaOh when discolored3. if not cleared in several days wash thoroughly in water and soak in 10% clorox for 10 - 20 minutes. **************************************************************** Clearing Solution for leaves pg 2 of 2 4. when tissue is milky white, wash thouroughly in HOH C. Stainging 1. 1% analine blue in 95% ethanol 2. 1% safranin in 50% ethanol 3. 0.5% fast green in 100 % ethanol 4. 0.5% crystal violet in 100 % ethanol **************************************************************** Cobalt Chloride weather paper A piece of white blotting paper is immersed in a solution containing two parts cobalt chloride to one part common salt.While wet the pater will remain pink, but when dried in the sun or near a bunsen burner, it turns blue. This is the basis of the weather pictures sold in the shops.A homemade one works just as well. A picture containing sky or water can be cut from a book and an inset of this prepared blotting paper made to replace the sky. Mount the picture on a card and hang near a window wher it will quickly respond to changes in the hygrometric state of the atmosphere. **************************************************************** Colchicine Solution 0.0125 gm Colchicine 25 ml water **************************************************************** Coliform test broth 10 gm Protease Peptone #3 1 gm Beef extract 5 gm Lactose 5 gm Sodium Chloride 18 mg Phenol red 1 liter water **************************************************************** Cotton blue 20 ml carbolic acid 20 ml Lactic acid 40 ml glycerine 20 ml water 0.05 gm Cotton blue **************************************************************** Crystral violet 1:1000 0.9 gm Crystal Violet (85% dye content) 100 mls Water **************************************************************** Cyanophycean Medium 5 gm KNO3 0.1 gm K2-HPO4 0.05 gm MgSO4*7HOH 10 drops 1% Ferric ammonium citrate The above should be added to 1000ml of distilled deionized water. This can be solidified by adding agar to reach a 1.5% concentration and heating to dissolve it. **************************************************************** D'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topDahl's Pollen Mounting Medium 16 parts 85% Lactic acid 2 parts N-Butyl alcohol 1 part 95% Ethanol 1 part Glacial Acetic Acid 1 part Glycerine **************************************************************** Desicote 5 ml Beckman Desicote 95 ml Benzene (thiophene free) **************************************************************** Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2-4-D) Mix dry reagent in a small amount of 95% ethanol. Place this solution in a warming plate 32 deg C and add prewarmed water slowly with swirling until desired concentration is reached. **************************************************************** Dichromate Cleaning Solution 120 gm Na Dichromate 1000 ml Water 1600 ml Con Sulfuric Acid (technical grade) **************************************************************** Digestive juice (synthetic) 7-10 ml con HCl to 1 Liter Distilled water 6 gm Pepsin **************************************************************** Dilution Fluid, Turk's 1 ml Glacial acetic acid 1 ml Gentian Violet 100 ml distilled water Filter before use **************************************************************** Dried Blood Spread blood on glass plate. Dry in oven or in air. When dry scrape into beaker. ****************************************************************Drosophila Chromosome Stain #1 2 gm Synthetic Orcein 50 ml Glacial acetic acid 50 ml 85% Lactic acid Dissolve Orcein in hot glacial acetic acid, remove from heat and add the Lactic acid. Filter. Drosophila Chromosome Stain #2 1 gm Synthetic Orcein 45 ml Glacial acetic acid 25 ml 85% Lactic acid 30 ml distilled water Dissolve Orcein in hot glacial acetic acid, remove from heat and add the water and Lactic acid. Filter. **************************************************************** E'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topEosin (microtechnique) 0.5gm Eosin 100 ml 95% Ethanol **************************************************************** Erlich Solution for Indol Test 1 gm Para dimethylamino benzaldehyde 95 ml 95% ethanol 20 ml con HCl Dissolve the powder in the alcohol. Then add the HCl and mix well **************************************************************** F'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topF.A.A. (Carl's Solution) 170 ml 95% ethanol 60 ml Formalin 20 ml Glacial acetic acid 280 ml water Add the glacial acetic acid to the solution just before using. **************************************************************** F.A.A. Alexander's 120 ml Formalin 300 ml 95% Ethanol 20 ml Glacial acetic acid 600 ml tap water **************************************************************** F.A.A., Lavdowsky's 20 ml Formalin 100 ml Ethanol 4 ml Glacial acetic acid 80 ml distilled water **************************************************************** F.A.A., Botanical 115 ml Formalin 115 ml Glacial acetic acid 805 ml 95% Ethanol 805 ml Distilled water **************************************************************** F.A.A., Smith's 90 ml 85% isopropanol 10 ml glacial acetic acid 10 ml Formalin **************************************************************** Farmers fluid 3 parts 100% ethanol 1 part Glacial acetic acid **************************************************************** Fixative, Navashin's SOLUTION A 5 gm Chromic acid 50 ml Acetic acid 320 ml distilled water SOLUTION B 200 ml formalin 175 ml distilled water Mix equal parts of each solution just before use. **************************************************************** Fixative, Transeau's 6 parts supernatant of sat aq. CuSo4 3 parts 95% ethanol 1 part 40% aq. formalin Used to preserve color in plants **************************************************************** Formalin, Neutral buffered, Lillie's 100 ml formalin 900 ml distilled water 4 g NaH2-PO4 6.5 gm Na2-HPO4 **************************************************************** Frog Ringers 0.8 gm NaCl 0.02 gm CaCl2 anhydrous 0.02 gm KCl 0.02 gm NaHCO3 100 ml distilled water ** 0.1 gm Dextrose ** add only if requested and if requested add just before use. **************************************************************** FRUIT FLY MEDIA 37 GM BREWERS YEAST 150 GM CORN MEAL 35 GM AGAR 200 ML UNSULFURED MOLASSAS 3 GM MOLD INHIBITOR (CAROLINA BIOLOGICAL 1900 ML DISTILLED WATER Mix yeast, mold inhibitor, and agar with a little 95% ethanol. Add some of the water to the corn meal to wet it and then add all the ingredients to the remaining water. While stirring constantly bring the mixture to a boil. Dispense in 50 ml alaquats in 1 pint milk bottles. ****************************************************************G'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topGastric Juice or enzyme 1-2 gm pepsin 100 ml 0.2% HCl 0.2% HCl = 6 ml con HCl in 1 liter of distilled water **************************************************************** Geimsa Stain Dissolve 0.5 gm of powder in 33 ml of glycerine at 55 to 66 deg. C overnight with stirring and heat. To this add 33 ml of methyl alcohol. WORKING DILLUTION = 1 ml of above stain to 25 ml of distilled water. **************************************************************** Gentian Violen Stain 1 gm Gentian Violet 20 gm Ethanol 80 ml 5% Formalin Dissolve the Gentian Violet in the alcohol then add the formalin, mix and filter. **************************************************************** Gilson's Mixture 15 ml Nitric acid sp =1.45 or 70-80 % 4 ml Glacial acetic acid 20 gm Mercuric chloride 100 ml 60% ethanol 880 ml distilled water Can be heated to dissolve but let sit for a day or so to letit pcppt out. Do not use metal probes as the mercuric chloride eats metal and will cause specimen to stick to probe. Store in clear glass container. **************************************************************** Glycerine Alcohol 90 parts 70% ethanol 10 parts Glycerine **************************************************************** Glycerine Jelly 10 gm gelatin 60 ml distilled water 70 ml Glycerine 1 gm Phenol Dissolve phenol in water then stir in the glycerine. When miced, add gelatin and heat until dissolved. Transfer to a widemouth jar and allow to cool. **************************************************************** Glycerine Preservative for Kelp 3 parts Water 1 part Glycerine 10 gm/L Phenol Add kelp, cleaned of sand and epiphytes, making sure they are completely immersed (a weight may be added if necessary) and preserve for about 10 days. Remove and dry on newspaper10 - 14 days. Turn occasionally so that all portions will be dry. Glycerine solution may be used several times. **************************************************************** Gower's R-B-C 12.2 gm Sodium Sulfate 33.3 ml Glacial acetic acid 200 ml distilled water **************************************************************** Grenacher's Alcoholic Borax Carmine 3 gm Carmine 4 gm Borax 100 ml distilled water Boil until the carmine is dissolved (1/2 hr) or better yet allow the mixture to stand at room temp until dissolved. Then add 70% ethanol (100 ml) and allow to stand for a day or two then filter **************************************************************** Grenacher's Alum Carmine 100 ml distilled water 3 gm aluminum ammonium sulfate 1 gm Carmine Combine and boil for 15 min or until carmine is dissolved. Cool and filter. **************************************************************** H'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topHagerup's Fixative 1 part propionic acid 6 parts 100% ethanol 3 parts chloroform **************************************************************** Harris' Alum Hematoxylin 0.5 gm Hematoxylin 20 gm Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate 100 ml distilled water 0.5gm Mercuric Oxide Boil the hematoxylin and ammonium alum together in distilledwater ( use a large container). Add the mercuric oxide with care as there is a tendency for the solution to boil up. **************************************************************** Helly's Fluid 2.5 gm Potassium Dichromate 5.0 gm Mercuric Chloride 1.0 gm Sodium sulfate 100 ml distilled water 5 ml Formalin **************************************************************** Hematoxylin, Harris' 0.5 gm Hematoxylin 20 gm Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate 100 ml distilled water 0.5gm Mercuric Oxide Boil the hematoxylin and ammonium alum together in distilledwater ( use a large container). Add the mercuric oxide with care as there is a tendency for the solution to boil up. **************************************************************** Hematoxylin, Iron 2 solutions are used. They are not to be mixed. 1. Ferric alum (clear violet crystals) 2.5 gm (ferric ammonium sulfate) is dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water.2. 5 gm of Hematoxylin is dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water and 100 ml of 95% ethanol. **************************************************************** Holtfreter's Solution 0.35 gm NaCl 0.005 gm KCl 0.01gm CaCl2 0.02gm NaHCO3 100 ml distilled water **************************************************************** Honey Peptone Agar 10 gm Peptone 60 gm Honey 15 gm agar 1 Liter distilled water **************************************************************** Houpt's Adhesive 1 gm of plain Knox gelatin (or reagent gelatin) is dissolved in 100 ml of water at 30 deg C. Add 2 gm phenol and 15 ml of glycerine. Stir and filter (takes 24 hrs). **************************************************************** Hoyer's Medium 25 ml water 15 gm Gum Arabic 10 ml Glycerine 100 gm Chloral hydrate First add crystal of chloral hydrate the size of a pea to prevent fungal growth. Then soak gum-water-pea of chloral hydrate for 24 hrs. Then add 100 gm of chloral Hydrate and wait until dissolved. This may take several days. After everything is dissolved add glycerine. **************************************************************** Hydrochloric acid dillutions 1 N 86 mls to volume of 1 liter 2 N 172 mls to volume of 1 liter 3 N 258 ml to volume of 1 liter **************************************************************** HYDROCHLORIC ACID DILLUTIONS 3N 258ml/L 36% **************************************************************** Hydroxide Sodium Iodide for Aquatic Analysis Add 100 grams of NaOH and 27 grams of NaI to 1 liter of water. **************************************************************** I'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topIndicator, Methyl Orange 0.5 gm Methyl orange 1 liter water **************************************************************** Indicators, pH Brom Cresol green; 0.4 gm BCG, 500 ml 95% ethanol, 500 ml distilled water. Filter. Cresol Red; Same procedure as above using 0.2gm cresol red Thymol blue; Same as above using 0.5 gm of thymol blue Phenolphthalein; 1.0 gm phenolphthalein in 50 ml of 95% ethanol and 50 ml of distilled water. **************************************************************** Indol Acetic Acid in Lanolin 5 gm lanolin 2 mg IAA Warm (do not boil) the lanolin in a small screw cap vial until the lanolin just turns to liquid. Add the IAA and mixthoroughly with a glass rod and allow to cool. **************************************************************** Indol acetic acid solution Indol acetic acid must first be dissolved in a small amount of 95% ethanol before adding the appropriate amount of waterto reach the desired concentration NOTE: IAA is unstable as a solution and bust be refrigerateEven cold it will only be good for about 36 hours. **************************************************************** Indol Test (Kobacs' Reagent) 75 ml Amyl alcohol 25 ml con HCl 5 gm paradimethylamino- benzaldehyde Should be made up in small quantities and stored in refrigerator in clear glass stoppered bottles. **************************************************************** Insect Saline 0.7% NaCl 0.2 ml 10% CaCl2 **************************************************************** Insect Saline (Hayome) 0.7% NaCl in distilled water. **************************************************************** Iodine - Reagent to devolatalize Iodine 0.8 gm NaOH 0.5 gm Sodium thiosulfate 0.3 gm Potassoum Iodide to 1 liter distilled water **************************************************************** Iodine solution (LUGOL'S) 50 gm Iodine 100 gm KI to 1 liter distilled water Mix I and KI in a mortar. Add distilled water in small portions to wash out the contents into a graduated cylinder. **************************************************************** Iodine Solution (STOCK for starch) 35 gm KI 5 gm I 500 ml distilled water for working dillution to use in starch test dilltue 1 part stock with 2 parts water. **************************************************************** K'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topK.A.S.A. 158 ml crude Kerosene 473.75 ml 95% isopropanol 105.25 ml glacial acetic acid 263 ml sec-butyl alcohol Add sec-butyl alcohol last until solution clears **************************************************************** Karpaenchenko's fixative (Taylor's modification) 1.5ml 10% aq chromic acid 10 ml 10% aq acetic acid 0.83 ml formalin 23.67 ml distilled water **************************************************************** Knop's solution pH 7.6 1 gm MgSO4*7HOH 0.20 gm KH2-PO4 1.0 gm KNO3 1 gm Ca(NO3)2*4HOH Add each of the above to 250 ml of distilled water then combine to 1 liter adding Ca Nitrate last. Add 1 drop of 1% ferric chloride (freshly prepared) **************************************************************** Knops Solution (acid medium pH aprox 6.4) 0.25 gm MgSO4*7HOH 0.25 gm KH2-PO4 0.12 gm KCl 1.0 gm Ca(NO3)2*4HOH Add each of the above to 250 ml of distilled water then combine to 1 liter adding Ca Nitrate last. Add 1 drop of 1% ferric chloride (freshly prepared) **************************************************************** Kobacs' Reagent 75 ml Amyl alcohol 25 ml con HCl 5 gm paradimethylamino- benzaldehyde Should be made up in small quantities and stored in refrigerator in clear glass stoppered bottles. **************************************************************** Kovacs' Reagent - for indol test 75 ml Amyl alcohol 25 ml con HCl 5 gm Paradimethylamino- benzaldehyde Should be made up in small quantities and stored in refrig in clear glass, stoppered bottles. **************************************************************** Kreb's Manometer Fluid 44 gm NaBr anhydrous 0.3 gm Triton X-100 0.3 gm Evans blue 1 liter distilled water Density = 1.033 at 20 deg C. **************************************************************** Kymograph Shellac Solution Dillute 1 volume of shellac with 2.5 volumes of 95% ethanol.**************************************************************** L's A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topLactophenol Mounting medium 1 part phenol crystals 1 part Lactic acid 1 part glycerine 1 part distilled water Langeron's recipie calls for 2 parts glycerine to 1 part of the other reagents. **************************************************************** Lavdowsky's fixative 20 ml Formalin 100 ml Ethanol 4 ml Glacial acetic acid 80 ml distilled water **************************************************************** Litmus solution Add powdered litmus to distilled water to make a dark blue solution **************************************************************** Locke's Physiological Saline 9 gm NaCl 0.2 gm NaHCO3 0.42 gm KCl 0.25 gm CaCl2 2 gm dextrose 1000ml distilled water Dissolve CaCl2 in a little of the water and add it to the rest of the solution to prevent pcptation. Add dextrose only if specified, and then at the last moment.**************************************************************** Loeffler's methylene blue 0.3 gm Methylene blue 30 ml 95% ethanol 70 ml Dilute KOH (0.017%) **************************************************************** LUGOL'S iodine solution 50 gm Iodine 100 gm KI to 1 liter distilled water Mix I and KI in a mortar. Add distilled water in small portions to wash out the contents into a graduated cylinder. **************************************************************** M'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topMaceration Fluid 1 part 10% Nitric acid 1 part 10% Chromic acid (chromic trioxide) Boil material 1 min in water. Pour off water add acid, stirwith glass rod and check at intervals until it begins to separate. Pour off acid, put in white silk scarf or handkerchief and rinse with water for 12 hours. Drain off water and cover with 5 volumes of 70% ethanol. **************************************************************** Mallory's Triple stain First Stain Solution; 1% acid fuchsin Differentiating Moderating solution; 1% Phosphotungstinic acid. Second Staining Solution; 100 ml water 0.5 gm Analine blue 2.0 gm Orange G 2 gm Oxalic Acid **************************************************************** Manometer Fluid, Brodie's 23 gm NaCl 5 gm Sodium Choleate 500 ml distilled water density = 1.033, Po = 10000 Evans blue (200mg/L) or acid fuchsin are excellent dyes for the fluid; other dyes may be used, but some of these tend to decompose in the manometer. Determine the density of the solution with a pycnometer. **************************************************************** Manometer Fluid, Kreb's 44 gm NaBr anhydrous 0.3 gm Triton X-100 0.3 gm Evans blue 1 liter distilled water Density = 1.033 at 20 deg C. **************************************************************** Mayer's Paracarmine 1 gm Carminic acid 0.5 gm Al chloride 4.0 gm CaCl2 100 ml 70% ethanol **************************************************************** Melzer's Reagent 1.5 gm KI 5 gm I 20 ml water 20 gm Chloral Hydrate **************************************************************** Methocel 2.5-3 gm Methocel 90 ml distilled water Mic methocel with the 90 ml of Hot not boiling water. Cool to 5 deg C (in refrigerator). It should be transparent whenfinished. **************************************************************** Methyl Green 1 gm Methyl green 1 ml glacial acetic acid 99 ml water Dissolve satin in acid and dilute with water **************************************************************** Methyl Green Glycerine-Jelly Stain Add saturated (about 3%) solution of methyl green in 50% ethanol drop by drop to melted glycerine jelly ( a good comercial grade is satisfactory), until jelly becomes as dark as green ink. **************************************************************** Methyl Orange Indicator 0.5 gm Methyl orange 1 liter water **************************************************************** Methylene blue stain 0.3 gm Methylene blue 30 ml 95% ethanol 100 ml distilled water Dissolve stain in alcohol, then dilute with water and filter**************************************************************** Methylene Blue, Loeffler's 0.3 gm Methylene blue 30 ml 95% ethanol 70 ml Dilute KOH **************************************************************** Meyer's Adhesive Add to one fresh egg white, an equal quantity of glycerine and 1 gm of sodium salicylate and a crushed crystal of thymol. Shake wall and filter through 2-3 thicknesses of sterile cheesecloth **************************************************************** N'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topNADI Reagent A. 1% alpha-naphthol in 95% ethanol. B. 1% N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine HCl in water Solutions a and b are mixed in equal amounts just prior to use. **************************************************************** Naphthylamine Hydrochloride Dissolve 0.6 gm 1-naphthylamine hydrochloride in distilled water to which 1.0 ml of con HCl has been added. Dilute to 100 ml with distilled water. Store in refrigerator. **************************************************************** Navashin's Fixative SOLUTION A 5 gm Chromic acid 50 ml Acetic acid 320 ml distilled water SOLUTION B 200 ml formalin 175 ml distilled water Mix equal parts of each solution just before use. **************************************************************** Nessler Reagent Dissolve 100 gm anhy7drous mercuric iodide and 70 gm anhydrous potassoum iodide in a small quantity of water and add mixture slowly to a cool solution of 160 gm of NaOH in 500 ml of distilled water. Dilute to 1 liter with distilledwater. Store in pyrex bottle out of direct sunlight. **************************************************************** Neutral Buffered Formalin, Lillie's 100 ml formalin 900 ml distilled water 4 g NaH2-PO4 6.5 gm Na2-HPO4 **************************************************************** Newcomers Fixative 6 parts isopropyl alcohol 3 parts propionic acid 1 part petrolium ether 1 part acetone 1 part dioxane **************************************************************** Ninhydrin Reagent 0.5% ninhydrin in acetone or n-bunanol. Thomas prefers n-butanol. **************************************************************** Nitric acid dillution 3N 195 ml/L 69% **************************************************************** O'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topOrtho-Toluidine Reagent (for aquatic analysis) Dissolve 4 gm ortho-toluidine in distilled water containing 15 ml of con HCl. Dilute to a final volume of 500 ml. **************************************************************** Pancreatic juice, artificial 40 gm Pancreatin 0.4 gm Baking soda 200 ml water Mix in diatomaceous earth and then filter under suction Add a few drops of chloroform. Incubate at body temperatureUnstable. Maybe kept overnight in refrigerator. **************************************************************** P's A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topParadon (cellodine) 1:1 !00 % paradon and di-ethyl ether **************************************************************** Pepsin in HCl 10-2 gm Pepsin 100 ml 0.2% HCl **************************************************************** Pepsin Solution (make fresh) 1-2 gm Pepsin 100 ml water **************************************************************** Peroxides Test Add 1 ml of 10% KI to 10 ml of solution to be tested. If brown color results in either layer peroxides are present and the solution should be discarded with proper precautions. **************************************************************** pH indicators Brom Cresol green; 0.4 gm BCG, 500 ml 95% ethanol, 500 ml distilled water. Filter. Cresol Red; Same procedure as above using 0.2gm cresol red Thymol blue; Same as above using 0.5 gm of thymol blue Phenolphthalein; 1.0 gm phenolphthalein in 50 ml of 95% ethanol and 50 ml of distilled water. **************************************************************** Phenol Cotton Blue 20 ml Carbolic acid 20 ml Lactic acid 40 ml Glycerine 20 ml Water 0.05 gm Cotton blue **************************************************************** Phenol Red Lactose Broth 10 gm Protease Peptone #3 1 gm Beef extract 5 gm Lactose 5 gm Sodium Chloride 18 mg Phenol red 1 liter water **************************************************************** Phenoldisulfonic acid Dissolve 25 gm pure white phenol crystals in 150 ml con Sulfuric acid. Add 75 ml fuming sulfuric acid (15% free SO4Stir well and heat for 2 hours in water bath **************************************************************** Phenolphthalein 0.5 gm Phenolphthalein 100 ml 50% ethanol **************************************************************** Phloroglucinol, HCl Solution A; 1 gm phloroglucinol in 100 ml of 95% ethanol Solution B; 50 ml con HCl in 50 ml distilled water **************************************************************** Phosphoric acid dilltuion 3 N 205 m/L 85% **************************************************************** Physiological saline, LOCKE'S 9 gm NaCl 0.2 gm NaHCO3 0.42 gm KCl 0.25 gm CaCl2 2 gm dextrose 1000ml distilled water Dissolve CaCl2 in a little of the water and add it to the rest of the solution to prevent pcptation. Add dextrose only if specified, and then at the last moment.**************************************************************Plant maceration fluid 1 part 10% Nitric acid 1 part 10% Chromic acid (chromic trioxide) Boil material 1 min in water. Pour off water add acid, stirwith glass rod and check at intervals until it begins to seperate. Pour off acid, put in white silk scarf or handkerchief and rinse with water for 12 hours. Drain off water and cover with 5 volumes of 70% ethanol. ************************************************************** Pollen Acetylizing Mixture 9 parts Acetic Anhydride 1 part con Sulfuric Acid ************************************************************** Pollen Mounting Medium, Dahl's 16 parts 85% Lactic acid 2 parts N-Butyl alcohol 1 part 95% Ethanol 1 part Glacial Acetic Acid 1 part Glycerine ************************************************************** Pollen Trapping Oil 2 parts melted white petrolatum 1 part Parafin oil 1 part butyl alcohol 1 part xylene Mix in beaker on hot blate. Filter while warm; keep in stoppered containers, free from contamination. ************************************************************** Potassium Oxalate - Aquatic analysis tests for O2 20 gm K2-C2-O4*HOH dissolved in water Add 45 gm NaOH and diltue to 1 liter with water. ************************************************************** Prescott's Preservative for Green Plant Material 6 parts water 3 parts 95% ethanol 1 part Formalin 5 ml/100ml Glycerine Saturated with CuSO4 - decant leaving excess CuSO4 ************************************************************** Preservative (Sutton's) 10% glycerine 3% Phenol 2% Formalin 85% Water ************************************************************** Pseudomonas Ovalic Culture Medium 1% Yeast extract 1% Beef extract 1.8% agar ************************************************************** Pyrogallic Acid 50 mg KOH 100 ml distilled water 5 gm Pyrogallol ************************************************************** R'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topRat Ringers 0.9% NaCl 0.24% CaCl2 0.042% KCl 0.02% NaHCO3 0.1% Dextrose (if requested) ************************************************************** Rat Ringers, LOCKE'S 0.9% NaCl 0.24% CaCl2 0.042% KCl 0.02% NaHCO3 0.1% Dextrose ************************************************************** Rennin Solution 1-2 gm Rennin 100 ml water ************************************************************** Riboflavin Stock Dissolve 5 mg of Riboflavin in 30 ml of 0.02N acetic acid. Warm in a water bath with constant rotation until dissolved.Cool to room temp and dilute to 100 ml by adding additional 0.02N acetic acid. Store refrigerated. Standard - unstable 10 ml of stock brought to 500 ml with distilled water. Working; Dilute 1:10 before using. ************************************************************** Ringers for lower vertebrates 0.65% NaCl 0.02% KCl 0.02% CaCl2 0.02% NaHCO3 ************************************************************** Ringers, Frog 0.8 gm NaCl 0.02 gm CaCl2 anhydrous 0.02 gm KCl 0.02 gm NaHCO3 100 ml distilled water ** 0.1 gm Dextrose ** add only if requested and if requested add just before use. ************************************************************** Ringers, Rat 0.9% NaCl 0.24% CaCl2 0.042% KCl 0.02% NaHCO3 0.1% Dextrose (if requested) ************************************************************** S'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topSafranin for plant material Dissolve 1 gm of Safranin O in 50 ml of methyl cellosolve. After dissolved add: 95% ethanol 25 ml distilled water 25 ml Sodium acetate 1 gm Formalin 2 ml ************************************************************** Saline, Insect 0.7% NaCl 0.2 ml 10% CaCl2 ************************************************************** Saline, Insect (Hayome) 0.7% NaCl in distilled ************************************************************** Saline, Physiological, Locke's 9 gm NaCl 0.2 gm NaHCO3 0.42 gm KCl 0.25 gm CaCl2 2 gm dextrose 1000ml distilled water Dissolve CaCl2 in a little of the water and add it to the rest of the solution to prevent pcptation. Add dextrose only if specified, and then at the last moment.************************************************************** SCHIFF'S REAGENT 5 gm Basic Fuchsin 1N HCl 100 ml K2-S2-O5 10 gm activated charcoal (norite) 5 gm Disolve 5 grams of basic fuchsin in 900 ml boiling distilledwater. Cool to 50 degrees C and add 100 ml of 1N HCl cool to 25 deg and then add 10 grams of K2S2O5. Shake 2 minutes and leave in the dark for 24 hours. Add 5 grams of fine activated charcoal, shake for 2 minutes and then filter through fast paper. Filtrate should be clear. Store in a foil covered bottle in the refrigerator ************************************************************** Schoudinn's Fluid 66 ml sat aq. Mercuric chloride 33 ml 95% ethanol 5 ml glacial acetic acid Add acid just prior to use. ************************************************************** Semicon's Carmine 1 part glacial acetic acid 1 part water Add carmine powder in excess of that which dissolves immediately. Heat to 95-100 deg C for 15 min. Cool and filter. Dilute filtrate with equal partsw of 70% ethanol ************************************************************** Shellac solution for Kymographs Dillute 1 volume of shellac with 2.5 volumes of 95% ethanol.************************************************************** Smith's F.A.A. 90 ml 85% isopropanol 10 ml glacial acetic acid 10 ml Formalin ************************************************************** Soil Extract Agar 960 mls Bristols solution 40 ml soil water supnatant 15 gm agar ************************************************************** Soil water Medium In one gallon battery jar place 0.5 gm calcium carbonate enough garden soil to make a layer aprox 1/2 to 3/4 inch deep and distilled water to within one inch of the top. Cover with a glass plate and steam for 1 hour on 2 consecutive days. ************************************************************** Spindle Inhibitor in Mitosis 0.01-0.05% Colchicine 4-6hrs sat aq Paradichlorobenzene 4 hrs sat aq alpha bromonapthalen 4 hrs ************************************************************** Starch solutions Make a thin slurry with the starch and a small amount of thewater. Heat the rest of the water to boiling. Add starch slurry while stirring bring back to a boil. Cool before use. 0.1% final concentration works best for iodine test ************************************************************** Sudan Black B 0.25 gm Sudan Black B 100 ml Ethylene glycol Dissolves slowly - let stand overnight and filter. Very viscous. ************************************************************** Sudan IV Saturate sudan IV in absolute ethanol. ************************************************************** Sulfanilic Acid Completely dissolve 0.60 gm sulfanilic acid in 70 ml of hot distilled water. Cool the solution and add 20 ml con HCl. Dilute to 100 ml with distilled water and mix thoroughly. ************************************************************** Sulfuric acid dillutions 3N 168 ml/L 95% ************************************************************** Sutton's Preservative 10% Glycerine 3% Phenol 2% Formalin 85% Water ************************************************************** Sutton's preservative 10% glycerine 3% Phenol 2% Formalin 85% Water ************************************************************** T's A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topTranseau's Fixative 6 parts supernatant of sat aq. CuSo4 3 parts 95% ethanol 1 part 40% aq. formalin ************************************************************** Trichrome Stain 0.6 gm Chromotrope 2R 0.3 gm Fast green FCF 0.7 gm Phosphotungstic acid 1 ml Glacial acetic acid 100 ml distilled water ************************************************************** Triple Stain, Mallory's First Stain Solution; 1% acid fuchsin Differentiating Moderating solution; 1% Phosphotungstinic acid. Second Staining Solution; 100 ml water 0.5 gm Analine blue 2.0 gm Orange G 2 gm Oxalic Acid ************************************************************** Tris-Maleate buffer Dissolve 29 gm of maleic acid and 30.3 gm of tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane in 500 ml of water. Add 2 g of Charcoal, shake and let stand for 10 min. Filter. Mix 40 ml of this stock solution with the amount of 1N NaOH indicated below and dillute to a final volume of 100 ml using water. ************************************************************** Turk's Diluting Fluid 1 ml Glacial acetic acid 1 ml Gentian Violet 100 ml distilled water Filter before use ************************************************************** W'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topWaris Solution To 1 liter of distilled water add 1 ml of the following: 10% KNO3, 2% MgSO4*7HOH, 2% (NH4)2-HPO4 5% CaSO4, Iron sequestrin solution (adjust to pH 6.0 with 0.01N HCl or 0.01N KOH = 2.61 gm Sequestrin AA 2.49 gm FeSO4*7HOH 27 ml 1 N KOH 500 ml distilled water ************************************************************** White blood cell dilution fluid 1% Glacial acetic acid ************************************************************** White's Basic Medium 0.1 gm Ca(NO3)2 0.08 gm KNO3 0.035 gm MgSO4 0.065 gm KCl 0.0125 KH2-PO4 0.00075 gm KI 0.0044 gm MnSO4 0.0025 gm Fe2-(SO4)3 0.0015 gm ZnSO4 0.0016 gm H3-BO4 20 gm Sucrose Bring to 1 liter with distilled water. ************************************************************** Y'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z topYeast in Congo Red 1 pkg dry yeast 0.25-0.5gm Congo red 150 ml water Add yeast to warm water and stir in congo red. Let stand all day. Heat to boiling and cool. Store in refrigerator. ************************************************************** Z'sA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZZiehl-Nielsen's Carbolfuchsin - Acid Fast 0.3 gm Basic fuchsin 90% dye content 10 ml 95% ethanol 5 gm Phenol 95 ml distilled water Dissolve fuchsin in alcohol. Dissolve Phenol in water and

then mix solutions.