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Open in App Suggest Corrections 1 A Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of organisms. The word ‘cell’ is derived from the Latin word “cella” which means “small room”. The type and number of cells in plants and animals vary. The cells can be classified in different ways. For example, based on the presence of a nuclear membrane, the cells are classified into two types i.e Eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Cells may also be classified based on the number of cells an organism is made of i.e unicellular, multicellular, and acellular. Brief on Animal CellAn animal cell is typically a eukaryotic type that has a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane or plasma membrane which separates the inner and outer components of the cell. The cell components are suspended in a fluid called cytoplasm.Animals are multicellular organisms. The cells are specialized to perform various functions. Also, they look and function differently from each other even if they belong to the same organism. Animal Cell TypesThere are numerous types of animal cells and each of them is designed to serve specific functions. However, some of the most common types of animal cells are as follows:
Animal cells need to adapt to a more active and non-sedentary lifestyle as animals acquire their food, hence, they do not possess any of the specialized cell organelles such as chloroplasts. Brief on Plant CellA plant cell is mainly a eukaryotic cell with a true nucleus and organelles similar to an animal cell but also consists of certain specific components such as chloroplasts which carry out photosynthesis. Plants are multicellular and have a distinct rigid wall surrounding the cells. Plant Cell FunctionsThe plant cells are the building blocks of the plants. Since photosynthesis (the process of preparing food by the plants, by utilizing sunlight, carbon dioxide and water) is the major function performed by the plant cells it occurs in the chloroplasts of the plant cell. Plant Cell TypesThere are different types of plant cells some of which include the following different types: These cells are hard or rigid and play a primary role in providing support to the plants if there is restraining growth due to the lack of hardening agents in the primary walls. These are more rigid as compared to the collenchyma cells and it is because of the presence of a hardening agent. They are usually found in all the plant roots and are mainly involved in providing support to the plants. The Parenchyma cells have a significant role to play in all plants. As they are the living cells of plants, which are involved in the production of leaves, they are also involved in the exchange of gasses, production of food, storage of organic products and cell metabolism. The Parenchyma cells are typically more flexible because they are thinner than other cells. The Xylem cells are the transport cells in vascular plants. They are responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plants. These are the common type of cells and the most heard ones, the phloem cells are the transport cells in vascular plants as they are responsible for transporting food which is prepared by the leaves to different parts of the plants. Brief on Bacterial CellA bacterial cell is a prokaryotic cell that lacks a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Instead, it contains an irregular-shaped region where the genetic material is suspended. Bacteria is a single-celled organism. Functions of a Bacterial CellThe Cytoplasm or protoplasm is the part of the bacterial cells, where the functions for cell growth, metabolism, and replication are carried out. This is a gel-like matrix that is composed of water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, and gasses and contains cell structures such as ribosomes, a chromosome, and plasmids. Types of Bacteria CellsThe Bacterial cells are classified into five groups according to their basic shapes:
These can exist as single cells, in pairs, chains or clusters. Difference Between Plant, Animal and Bacterial Cell
ConclusionHaving a brief knowledge about different bacterial cells will certainly help you in learning deeper and understanding it. |