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Intellectual Critique of a Qualitative Research Study.edited.docx INTRO TO CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT project stage.docx Probability Essay - Fall Semester 2001.docx The_rules_of_business_transformation.pdf Call costs are calculated (in part, at least) using the number of seconds,multiplied by the billing rate. Per second billing increment phone plans typically save approximately 5-15% compared to a 30 sec billing increment plan. 30 Second Billing IncrementsCall costs are calculated (in part, at least) by finding the number ofbilling increments used (in this case 30 seconds), and multiplying by thebilling rate per increment. For example: 30 second billing increment phone planswill charge the same amount for call durations 6 sec, 14 sec, and 30 sec. They will also charge the same for calls which are 31 sec, 44 sec and 60 seconds. ACCC – Australian Competition and Consumer CommissionThe ACCC is an independent body which provides general consumer protectionand competition regulation across all industries. It administers the TradePractices Act. The ACCC also regulates competition in the telecommunicationsindustry through administration of the Telecommunications Access Regime (theability to choose alternate providers of telecommunications services) and regulation of anti-competitive conduct. Access FeeMonthly charge from a service provider for provision of that service. Callcharges are additional to this charge. Also may be referred to as a Service Feeor Connection Fee. Distinct from a Connection Charge, which is the charge for connection of an individual call. ACE – Australian Communication ExchangeA not-for-profit organisation dedicated to ensuring that those who aredeaf or have a hearing, speech or communication impairment, can obtain access to the telephone and other telecommunication networks. ACMAThe Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) is responsible forthe regulation of broadcasting, radiocommunications, telecommunications andonline content. Incorporates the former ABA (Australian Broadcasting Authority) and ACA (Australian Communications Authority). ADSLAsymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a datacommunications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines. ADSL2+ – Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line TwoA technology for the delivery of faster ADSL. Exchanges must be ADSL2+enabled. Speeds available start at 24000/3000 kbps and reduce with distance from the exchange, hardware used, quality of the copper pair used, etc. AgentA representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organisations. Or, abusinessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission. InAustralian telecommunications an agent is typically a person or company who hasa contractual agreement with a Service Provider, whereby they will obtain commission or similar for bringing new customers to that provider. AMPS – Analogue Mobile Phone SystemThe AMPS network in Australia was the first mobile phone network. Thisnetwork was subsequently replaced by digital networks, such as GSM, and is nolonger operational. Security and capacity were limiting factors of the AMPSnetwork. The AMPS network is sometimes referred to as the 1G Mobile network; where 1G indicates `First Generation`. AMTA – Australian Mobile Telecommunications AssociationAMTA is an industry body representing and promoting the interests oforganisations involved in the supply and provision of mobile telecommunicationsservices and products. Members include: mobile phone carriers and serviceproviders, handset manufacturers, retail outlets and associated business such asthose that provide network equipment and specialised consultancy services. AnalogThe technology originally used to transmit radio (including mobile phone) andTV communications. Superseded in many communications areas today. Digitalcommunications are now being used in mobile telephony and TV delivery is broadcast using both analog and digital methods. Area CodePrefix added to a phone number to denote the location of that number. InAustralia, interstate calling often requires an STD area code. Follow this link for a list of all Australian area code an prefixes. AuthenticationVerification of the identity of a user to a network, or a network to theuser. Passwords, digital certificates, smart cards and biometrics can be used toauthenticate a user. In the case of mobile phones, a user may be authenticatedto the network to ensure that they are `activated` – with an account and crediton that network. Conversely, Mobile networks may authenticate themselves to a user`s mobile phone to ensure that the phone is locked to their network. B2B – Business to BusinessCommercial term meaning Business-to-Business commerce, as distinct from Backbone NetworkThe electronic `spine` of a telecommunications network which joins slower anddispersed network elements. A common telecommunications backbone in Australiacarries network traffic between Melbourne and Sydney and is a private, managed network. Telstra, Optus and AAPT all have such networks. BAN – Billing Account NumberThe account number attached to a service(s). Most often a customer will onlyhave a single BAN from a service provider. However, customers may elect to have several BANs; to designate between sites, for example. BandwidthRefers to the amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount oftime. For digital devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second (bps) or bytes per second. Billing CodesThese are the letters, which appear on your bill beside the calls you have Billing IncrementBlocks of time, usually 1 second or 30 second blocks, which are used by aservice provider to calculate the cost of a call. Example: If a mobile phoneplan states that calls are billed per 30 seconds, then calls lasting 3 sec, 14sec and 30 sec will all be billed the same; as one 30 second billing increment.However, a 31 sec call will be billed as two billing increments. Example: If amobile phone deal states that calls are to be billed in 1 second increments,then all calls are billed per second. Typically, billing in 1 sec incrementswill be approximately 5-15% cheaper than billing in 30 second increments. BitThe smallest unit of information on a computer, a bit, is expressed by a 1 or BlackberryThe BlackBerry from RIM Corporation, is a handheld wireless device providinge-mail, telephone, text messaging and web browsing and other wireless dataaccess. In Australia, BlackBerry operates mostly on the GPRS network. However,BlackBerry will begin operating at higher speeds as networks are upgraded. BluetoothBluetooth® complements wireless LAN perfectly by providing a quick and easyway of connecting one Bluetooth®-enabled device to another without going throughyour network. For example, you could print a document at a satellite office fromyour laptop to any Bluetooth®-enabled printer within range (Bluetooth®, productswork over shorter distances than wireless networks – approximately 10 metres).In addition, by creating a temporary network, (also known as a personal areanetwork – PAN) you can exchange files at informal meetings – say, around aclient`s conference table. Put simply, Bluetooth®, provides the opportunity forflexible, spontaneous working, especially if you don`t have the time to connect to a fixed or wireless network. BPSBits per Second. A measurement of data transfer speed. Rates are the number Broadband Phonesee VoIP Broadband telephonysee VoIP BrowserA software application which facilitates interaction with the World Wide Web.A browser uses HTTP to interact with Web servers online. Also called a Web Browser. BundlingCombining any or all telecommunication services from a single provider. Business Fibre NBNBusiness Fibre NBN is also know and NBN Enterprise Ethernet. Business Grade DataBusiness Grade data is usually a fibre internet services with synchronous data bandwidths and some SKAs are response time for faults, throughput and other quality measures included the ensure a high quality service is delivered. ByteA byte consists of 8 bits, the smallest unit of information on a computer,expressed as either a 1 or a 0. The expression 01001101 is equal to one byte ofinformation. A kilobyte is 1,000 bytes of information. A megabyte is 1 million bytes. Cable BroadbandUse of a fibre optic cable (the same used for pay-TV connections) to deliver Call BarringThe barring of outgoing calls, to selected numbers or groups of numbers, maybe applied to both mobile phones and fixed services. This is a network feature. Call CentreA call centre (or Call Center) is a business unit whose purpose is to handleinbound/outbound telecommunications traffic for a company. A Contact Centre ismore highly integrated and such a unit might handle various forms of correspondence between the company and its customers. Call CongestionThe saturation of the available simultaneous connections on a communicationschannel by users. Applies to both Fixed Lines services and Wireless services (including Mobile services). Call DivertOften also called Call Forward, Call Divert is the ability to divert anincoming call to a designated number or service. Usual call charges often apply(however some of these charges might be reduced or removed by some Mobileservice providers). Available to both Mobile and Fixed Line services. Calldiversion products typically offer many conditional options (eg. Divert AllCalls, Divert on No Answer, Divert on Unreachable, Divert on Busy, etc.). Call WaitingThe ability to alert the user to the presence of a second incoming call totheir current connection. The user has the option to retrieve the second call,while maintaining their initial connection. Either party may then bedisconnected by the user, at their discretion. This feature is available forboth Fixed Services (although not all types of Fixed Services) and for Mobile Services. Caller IDAlso referred to as CID. This feature provides the caller`s telephone numberinformation whilst the call is ringing. The CID information is usually containedbetween the first and second ringing tone. CID may be blocked (on landlines) bythe caller by dialling 1831 before the number, or by requesting a permanentblock from the service provider. This information is obtained by using the relevant parts of CLI (Caller Line Identification) information. Carriage Service ProviderOften referred to as Rebillers or Resellers of telecommunications services.These are service providers who are not carriers themselves such as CommsChoice. CarrierTelecommunications Carriers are the owners/maintainers of atelecommunications network (either Mobile or Landline). Not allTelecommunications Providers are Telecommunications Carriers; some are resellers of a Carrier`s network. ChurnTerm to denote the switch of a customer between telecommunications service CLI – Calling Line IdentificationThe provision of the calling party`s number, called party`s number, time ofcall, routing information, duration and other minor information between serviceproviders. Often billed as CLIP – Calling Line Identification Presentation. Partof this information may be used to provide CND (Calling Number Display) to the called party. CND – Calling Number DisplayThe display of the calling party`s number as the call is ringing. CND istypically sent (as an inaudible signal) between the first and second dial tonesof a call. The caller may elect to have their CND information blocked on a percall basis (by prefixing the called number by 1831) or permanently blockedthrough their service provider. Also called Calling Name Display, Caller ID (orCID) and CNI (Calling Number Identification). CLI differs from CND and the others. See also CLI (Caller Line Identification). Connection FeeA one-time fee for the set up your phone service. Not to be confused with a ConvergenceFor Telecommunications: As communications transmission and storage has becomedigitised, consolidation of various forms of communications (eg. voice, data andvideo) has become a possibility. Convergence is the likely joining of two ormore communications forms into a single user product. The advantages forconsumers are: convenience and cost savings. The advantages for serviceproviders are: cost savings (through reduced operational expenses and capital expenditure) and increased customer loyalty. Copper (Wire) NetworkThe Australian telecommunications network mostly remains a simple coppernetwork. Also know as POTS (Plain Old telephone Service) This describes copperlines connected to premises from local exchanges and then switched through otherexchanges, for ultimate delivery to another premises. Telecommunicationstransmissions travel over these lines. Today, there are other methods oftelecommunications transmissions such as IP networks, satellite networks, wireless networks (including Mobile Phone Networks). Country CodeThe dialling prefix used to reach international destinations. To access IDD(International Direct dialling; dialling internationally without operatorassistance) the access code 0011 must be used. The format for IDD is: 0111 + country code + area code + local phone number. CSG – Customer Service GuaranteeA performance standard created by the ACMA. Provides financial compensation,of a prescribed amount, to end customers who are affected by delays in serviceconnections and fault repairs. For a full description, with compensation amounts and timetables, please visit our Customer Service Guarantee page. CSP – Carriage Service ProviderOften referred to as Rebillers or Resellers of telecommunications services. CTN – Consumers’ Telecommunications NetworkConsumer and community organisation representing the interests of residential CutoverThe moment when a service, or element of infrastructure, is moved from oneservice provider to another. See also Port, for mobile phones, and see ULL, forfixed services. |