What is the role of the recovery room or post anaesthetic care unit nurse?

1. Dictionary.com, LLC. Competence. [cited 2021-01-05]. Available from: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/competence?s=t.

2. Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries. Competence. [cited 2021-01-05]. Available from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/competence?q=competence.

3. Smith SA. Nurse competence: a concept analysis. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2012;23(3):172–82.

   Article  Google Scholar 

4. International Council of Nurses. Scope of nursing practice: International Council of Nurses; 2013. Available from: https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/B07_Scope_Nsg_Practice.pdf.

5. Benner P. From novice to expert. Menlo Park; 1984.

   Google Scholar 

6. Gillespie BM, Polit DF, Hamlin L, Chaboyer W. Developing a model of competence in the operating theatre: psychometric validation of the perceived perioperative competence scale-revised. Int J Nurs Stud. 2012;49(1):90–101.

   Article  Google Scholar 

7. Undre S, Arora S, Sevdalis N. Surgical performance, human error and patient safety in urological surgery. Br J Med Surg Urol. 2009;2(1):2–10.

   Article  Google Scholar 

8. Lyk-Jensen HT, Jepsen RMHG, Spanager L, Dieckmann P, Østergaard D. Assessing nurse anaesthetists’ non-technical skills in the operating room. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014;58(7):794–801.

   CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

9. Ead H. Perianesthesia nursing—beyond the critical care skills. J Perianesth Nurs. 2014;29(1):36–49.

   Article  Google Scholar 

10. Barone CP, Pablo CS, Barone GW. A history of the PACU. J Perianesth Nurs. 2003;18(4):237–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

11. Lowenthal PJ, Russell AS. Recovery room: life saving and economical. Anesthesiology. 1951;12(4):470–6.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

12. Dahlberg K, Brady JM, Jaensson M, Nilsson U, Odom-Forren J. Education, competence, and role of the nurse working in the PACU: an international survey. J Perianesth Nurs. 2021;36(3):224–231.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.08.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

13. Dahlberg K, Jaensson M, Flodberg M, Månsson S, Nilsson U. Levels of education and technical skills in registered nurses working in post-anaesthesia care units in Sweden. Scand J Caring Sci. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12964.

14. Brady JM. Global engagement of perianesthesia nurses: 2020 and beyond. J Perianesth Nurs. 2020;35(3):337–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

15. Poole EL. The gathering of nations: from Copenhagen to Sydney! J Perianesth Nurs. 2018;33(5):757–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

16. Juhász EBR, Iversen M, Samuelson A, Nilsson U. Clinical practice and routines for postoperative care in Sweden: results from a nation-wide survey. J Perioper Pract. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750458920925355.

17. Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

18. Ewertsson M, Gustafsson M, Blomberg K, Holmström IK, Allvin R. Use of technical skills and medical devices among new registered nurses: a questionnaire study. Nurse Educ Today. 2015;35(12):1169–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

19. Allvin R, Bisholt B, Blomberg K, Bååth C, Wangensteen S. Self-assessed competence and need for further training among registered nurses in somatic hospital wards in Sweden: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Nurs. 2020;19:74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

20. Simmons B. Clinical reasoning: concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66(5):1151–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

21. Levett-Jones T, Hoffman K, Dempsey J, Jeong SY-S, Noble D, Norton CA, et al. The ‘five rights’ of clinical reasoning: an educational model to enhance nursing students’ ability to identify and manage clinically ‘at risk’patients. Nurse Educ Today. 2010;30(6):515–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

22. Morrison SM, Symes L. An integrative review of expert nursing practice. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2011;43(2):163–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

23. Lyneham J, Parkinson C, Denholm C. Explicating Benner’s concept of expert practice: intuition in emergency nursing. J Adv Nurs. 2008;64(4):380–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

24. Hoffman KA, Aitken LM, Duffield C. A comparison of novice and expert nurses’ cue collection during clinical decision-making: verbal protocol analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009;46(10):1335–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

25. Sundqvist AS, Carlsson AA. Holding the patient's life in my hands: S wedish registered nurse anaesthetists’ perspective of advocacy. Scand J Caring Sci. 2014;28(2):281–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

26. Nilsson U, Jaensson M. Anesthetic nursing: keep in touch, watch over, and be one step ahead. J Perianesth Nurs. 2016;6(31):550–1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

27. Björn C, Lindberg BE. Theatre nurses understanding of their work: a phenomenographic study at a hospital theatre. J Adv Perioper Care. 2008;3(4):149–55.

    Google Scholar 

28. Benner P, Hughes RG, Sutphen M. Clinical reasoning, decisionmaking, and action: thinking critically and clinically. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008.

29. Benner P, Tanner CA, Chesla CA. Expertise in nursing practice: caring, clinical judgment, and ethics. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 2009.

30. Richards J, Hubbert AO. Experiences of expert nurses in caring for patients with postoperative pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2007;8(1):17–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

31. Van den Heede K, Lesaffre E, Diya L, Vleugels A, Clarke SP, Aiken LH, et al. The relationship between inpatient cardiac surgery mortality and nurse numbers and educational level: analysis of administrative data. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009;46(6):796–803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

32. Aiken LH, Cimiotti JP, Sloane DM, Smith HL, Flynn L, Neff DF. Effects of nurse staffing and nurse education on patient deaths in hospitals with different nurse work environments. J Nurs Adm. 2012;42(10 Suppl):S10.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

33. Aiken LH, Sloane D, Griffiths P, Rafferty AM, Bruyneel L, McHugh M, et al. Nursing skill mix in European hospitals: cross-sectional study of the association with mortality, patient ratings, and quality of care. BMJ Qual Saf. 2017;26(7):559–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

34. Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Bruyneel L, Van den Heede K, Griffiths P, Busse R, et al. Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study. Lancet. 2014;383(9931):1824–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

35. Kendall-Gallagher D, Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Cimiotti JP. Nurse specialty certification, inpatient mortality, and failure to rescue. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2011;43(2):188–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

36. Aiken LH, Clarke SP, Cheung RB, Sloane DM, Silber JH. Educational levels of hospital nurses and surgical patient mortality. JAMA. 2003;290(12):1617–23.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

37. Patton M. Qualitative research & evaluation methods: integrating theory and practice. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications Inc; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

38. Shenton AK. Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Educ Inf. 2004;22(2):63–75.

    Google Scholar 

39. Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage; 1985.

40. Bou Malham P, Saucier G. The conceptual link between social desirability and cultural normativity. Int J Psychol. 2016;51(6):474–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Page 2

1. PACU Post-anaesthesia care unit
2. aHas an upper-secondary qualification and works under the supervision of a nurse