In Applied Behavior Analysis, there are two types of reinforcement and punishment: positive and negative. It can be difficult to distinguish between the four of these. Therefore, the purpose of this blog is to explain the differences in order to help parents and professionals develop appropriate interventions to improve behavior. Show Updated August 3, 2022Reinforcement
Positive ReinforcementPositive reinforcement works by presenting a motivating/reinforcing stimulus to the person after the desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future. The following are some examples of positive reinforcement:
Negative ReinforcementNegative reinforcement occurs when a certain stimulus (usually an aversive stimulus) is removed after a particular behavior is exhibited. The likelihood of the particular behavior occurring again in the future is increased because of removing/avoiding the negative consequence. Negative reinforcement should not be thought of as a punishment procedure. With negative reinforcement, you are increasing a behavior, whereas with punishment, you are decreasing a behavior. The following are some examples of negative reinforcement:
When thinking about reinforcement, always remember that the end result is to try to increase the behavior, whereas punishment procedures are used to decrease behavior. For positive reinforcement, think of it as adding something positive in order to increase a response. For negative reinforcement, think of it as taking something negative away in order to increase a response. Punishment
What is Positive Punishment?Positive punishment works by presenting an aversive consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior less likely to happen in the future. The following are some examples of positive punishment:
What is Negative Punishment?Negative punishment happens when a certain reinforcing stimulus is removed after a particular undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in the behavior happening less often in the future. The following are some examples of negative punishment:
With punishment, always remember that the end result is to try to decrease the undesired behavior. Positive punishment involves adding an aversive consequence after an undesired behavior is emitted to decrease future responses. Negative punishment includes taking away a certain reinforcing item after the undesired behavior happens in order to decrease future responses. It should be noted that research shows that positive consequences are more powerful than negative consequences for improving behavior. Therefore, it is always suggested that these interventions be tried prior to negative consequences. Do you have any experiences with reinforcement or punishment that you would like to share in the comment section below? Also check out our blog post on how to teach your child to accept being told “No” ! Follow Our Socials! **BCOTB has been Tampa’s leading provider of pediatric ABA therapy since 2003. With four clinic locations throughout the Tampa Bay area, we know that our clinic is the right spot for your early learner! BCOTB specializes in in-clinic Pediatric ABA Therapy for children with Autism and related disorders from birth to ten years of age. BCOTB accepts most major insurances, including, but not limited to: Aetna, Anthem, Baycare, Beacon, BCBS, Cigna, CMS, Florida Blue, Humana, MHNet, Meritain Health, Magella Health, UnitedHealthcare, and TRICARE.**
The removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior is called _______. Select one: a. positive reinforcement b. positive punishment c. negative reinforcement d. negative punishment Clear my choice Question 2 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text _______ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur. Select one: a. Generalization b. Punishment c. Extinction d. Discrimination Clear my choice Question 3 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following scenarios best depicts positive reinforcement? Select one: a. A student raises her hand to answer a question. The teacher stops criticizing the student for not paying attention. The student continues to raise her hand to answer questions. b. The student begins to pay attention and starts answering questions correctly. c. A student answers a question incorrectly. The teacher criticizes the student for not paying attention. d. A student raises her hand to answer a question. The teacher compliments the student for answering the question. The student continues to raise her hand to answer questions. Clear my choice Question 4 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text In operant conditioning, ____________. Select one: a. neutral stimuli become associated with unlearned, involuntary responses b. the consequences of behavior produce change in the probability of the occurence of the behavior c. behavior is a consequence of the CS. d. which is a form of respondent behavior, behavior occurs in automatic response to a stimulus Clear my choice Question 5 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text The process by which a stimulus or event following a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again is called _____. Select one: a. specialization b. generalization c. extinction d. reinforcement Clear my choice Question 6 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Experience with unavoidable negative stimuli can lead to a particular deficit in avoidance learning called _____, in which the organism, exposed to uncontrollable aversive stimuli, learns that it has no control over negative outcomes. Select one: a. extinction b. generalization c. instinctive drift d. learned helplessness Clear my choice Question 7 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following scenarios best depicts negative reinforcement? Select one: a. A student raises her hand to answer a question. The teacher stops criticizing the student for not paying attention. The student continues to raise her hand to answer questions. b. A student answers a question incorrectly. The teacher criticizes the student for not paying attention. The student begins to pay attention and starts answering questions correctly. c. A student raises her hand to answer a question. The teacher compliments the student for answering the question. The student continues to raise her hand to answer questions. d. A student answers a question incorrectly. The teacher criticizes the student for not paying attention. The student stops trying to answer questions. Clear my choice Question 8 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text According to Thorndike's law of effect ________. Select one: a. negative behaviors can be easily extinguished through classical conditioning b. species-specific biological predispositions favor some learning styles over others c. behaviors followed by desirable outcomes are strengthened and behaviors followed by undesirable outcomes are weakened d. an organism will recover a previously conditioned response when placed in a novel context Clear my choice Question 9 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Carol gives her dog, Spike, a chew stick each time Spike gets the ball back, on command. Carol is using a ________ schedule to train her dog to get the ball back on command. Select one: a. continuous reinforcement b. variable-interval c. fixed-interval d. variable-ratio Clear my choice Question 10 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text In operant conditioning, _____ means performing a reinforced behavior in a different situation. Select one: a. extinction b. generalization c. discrimination d. rationalization |