Appendix A: Books to Help Improve Your Writing Show
Appendix B: Collaborative Writing and Peer Reviewing
Appendix C: Developing an Improvement Plan
Appendix D: Writing Plan and Project Schedule
A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used (whether referenced or not) in the process of researching your work. In general, a bibliography should include:
OK, So What's an Annotated Bibliography?An annotated bibliography is the same as a bibliography with one important difference: in an annotated bibliography, the bibliographic information is followed by a brief description of the content, quality, and usefulness of the source. OK, So How Is a Bibliography Different from a "Works Cited" or "References" List?The Works Cited or References list is only comprised of references to those items actually cited in the paper.
Quoting Paraphrasing General vs. Unfamiliar Knowledge You do not need to cite material which is accepted common knowledge. If in doubt whether your information is common knowledge or not, cite it.Formats We usually think of books and articles. However, if you use material from web sites, films, music, graphs, tables, etc. you'll also need to cite these as well.
Many documentation styles pair in-text citations with a detailed list of sources, called references in APA and works cited in MLA, that provides enough information for readers to find the sources themselves. This section of the tutorial includes guidelines for how to cite the most common types of sources. To learn how to cite others, consult Chapters 6 and 7 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. or the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 8th ed.
General Format for References (APA) / Works Cited (MLA)
Any source cited in text must be included in the list of sources, and sources in the list of sources must be cited in text.
This tutorial includes only the most commonly cited kinds of sources. To learn how to cite less commonly seen works, consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th ed. by Joseph Gribaldi (New York: MLA, 2003) or the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed. (Washington, DC: APA, 2003). APA References MLA Works Cited Previous Next
Referencing your sources means systematically showing what information or ideas you are quoting or paraphrasing from another author’s work, and identifying where that information come from. You must cite research in order to do research, but at the same time, you must delineate what are your original thoughts and ideas and what are the thoughts and ideas of others. Procedures used to cite sources vary among different fields of study. Always speak with your professor about what writing style for citing sources should be used for the class because it is important to fully understand the citation style to be used in your paper, and to apply it consistently. If your professor defers and tells you to "choose whatever you want, just be consistent," then choose the citation style you are most familiar with or that is appropriate to your major [e.g., use Chicago style if its a history class; use APA if its an education course; use MLA if it is literature or a general writing course]. GENERAL GUIDELINES 1. Should I avoid referencing other people's work? 2. What should I do if I find that my idea has already been examined by another researcher? 3. What should I do if I want to use an adapted version of someone else's work? 4. What should I do if several authors have published very similar information or ideas? 5. What if I find exactly what I want to say in the writing of another researcher? 6. Should I cite a source even if it was published long ago? Ballenger, Bruce P. The Curious Researcher: A Guide to Writing Research Papers. 7th edition. Boston, MA: Pearson, 2012; Harvard Guide to Using Sources. Harvard College Writing Program. Harvard University; How to Cite Other Sources in Your Paper. The Structure, Format, Content, and Style of a Journal-Style Scientific Paper. Department of Biology. Bates College; Lunsford, Andrea A. and Robert Connors; The St. Martin's Handbook. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989; Mills, Elizabeth Shown. Evidence Explained: Citing History Sources from Artifacts to Cyberspace. 3rd edition. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2015; Research and Citation Resources. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Writing Tutorial Services, Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning. Indiana University. |