In which of the following ways do viruses differ from bacteria?
A viruses are filterable
B viruses are obligate intracellulare parasites
C viruses don't have any nucleic acid
D viruses are not composed of cells
E viruses don't reproduce
Definition
D viruses are not composed of cells
Term
Which of the following staements providesthe most significant support for the idea that viruses are nonliving chemicals?
A they are not composed of cells
B they are filterable
C they cannot reproduce themselves outside a host
D they cause diseases similar to those caused by chemicals
E. they are chemically simple
Definition
C they cannot reproduce themselves outside a host
Term
Which of the following statements about spikes is false?
A they are for penetration
B they are used for absorption
C they may cause hemaggllutination
D they are found only on enveloped viruses
E they are found only on nonenveloped viruses
Definition
A they are for penetration
Term
Which of the following is not used as a criterion to classify viruses?
A biochemical tests
B morphology
C nucleic acid
D size
E number of capsomeres
Definition
Term
Which of the following is not a method of culturing a virus?
A in lab animals
B in culture media
C in embryonated eggs
D in cell culture
E none of the above
Definition
Term
Bacteriophages and animal viruses do not differ significantly in which one of the following steps?
A adsorption
B penetration'
C uncoating
D biosynthesis
E release
Definition
Term
The definition of lysogeny is
A phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA
B lysis of the host cell due to a phage
C the period during replication when virions are not present
D when the burst time takes an unusully long time
E attachment of a phage to a cell
Definition
A phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA
Term
A viroid is
A a complete, infectious virus particle
B a nonenveloped, infectious piece of RNA
C a capsid without a nucleic acid
D a provirus
E an infectious protein
Definition
B a nonenveloped, infectious piece of RNA
Term
In figure 13.1 which structure is a compex virus
A a
B b
C c
D d
E all of the above
Definition
B b
Note: it the one with legs
Term
In figure 13.1 the structure illustrated are composed of
A DNA
B RNA
C DNA or RNA
D capsomeres
E Capsids
Definition
Term
A clear area against a confluent "lawn" of bacteria is called a
A phage
B pock
C cell lysis
D plaque
E rash
Definition
Term
Continuous cell lines differ from primary cell llines in that
A viruses can be grown in continuous cell lines
B continuous cell lines always have to be reisolated from animal tissues.
C continuous cell lines are derived from primary cell lines
D continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations.
E. Continuous cell lines are from human embryos.
Definition
D continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations.
Term
Which of the following is necessary fro replication of a prion?
A DNA
B DNA polymerase
C lysozymes
D pSc
E RNA
Definition
Term
A persistent infection is an infection in which
A the virus remains in equilibrium with the host without causing a disease
B viral replication is unusually slow
C the disease process occurs gradually over a long period
D host cells are graduallylysed
E host cells are transformed
Definition
C the disease process occurs gradually over a long period
Term
Which of the following statements is false
A a prophage is phage DNA inserted into a bacterial chromosome.
B a prophage can pop out of the chromosome
C prophage genes are represented by a repressor protein coded for by the prophage.
D a prophage may result in new properties of the host cell
E the prophage makes the host cell immune to infection by other phages
Definition
E the prophage makes the host cell immune to infection by other phages
Term
Lysogeny can result in all of the following except
A innumity to reinfection by the same phage
B acquisition of new characteristics by the host cell
C immunity to reinfection by any phage
D transduction of specific genes.
E none of the above.
Definition
C immunity to reinfection by any phage
Term
Which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - strand of RNA
A synthesis of DNA from an RNA template
B synthesis of double stranded RNA from an RNA template
C synthesis of double stranded RNA from a DNA template
D transcription of mRNA from DNA
E synthesis of DNA from a DNA template
Definition
B synthesis of double stranded RNA from an RNA template
Term
An infectious protein is a
A bacteriophage
B prion
C retrovirus
D viroid
E papovavirus
Definition
Term
An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps?
A pentration
B adsorption
C uncoating
D Biosynthesis
E release
Definition
Term
Which of the following contributes to the difficulty in establishing etiology of cancer?
A most viral particles can infect cells without inducing cancer
B cancer may not develop until long after infection
C cancers do not seem to be contagious
D viruses are difficult to observe
E all of the above
Definition
Term
An example of a latent viral infection is
A subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
B cold sores
C influenza
D smallpox
E mumps
Definition
Term
The most common route of accidental AIDS transmission to health care workers is
A mouth to mouth
B fecal oral
C needlestick
D aerosol
E environmental surface contact
Definition
Term
Assume you have isolated an unknown virus. It is a single stranded RNA enveloped virus. To which group does it most likely belong?
A herpesvirus
B picornavirus
C retrovirus
D togavirus
E papovavirus
Definition
Term
To which group does a small, nonenveloped single stranded RNA virus most likely belong?
A herpesvirus
B picornavirus
C retrovirus
D togavirus
E papovavirus
Definition
Term
The most conclusive evidence that viruses cause cancers is provided by
A finding oncogens in viruses
B the presence of antibodies against viruses in cancer patients
C cancer following injection of cell-free filtrates
D treating cancer with antibodies
E some liver cancer patients having hepatitis
Definition
C cancer following injection of cell-free filtrates
Term
Bacteriophages derive all of the following from the host cell except
A lysozymes
B tRNA
C amino acids
D nucleotides
E ATP
Definition
Term
Generalized transduction differs from specialized transduction in that generalized transduction
A kills the host
B transfers DNA from one cell to another
C transfers specific DNA
D involves lysogeny
E lyses the host cell
Definition
Term
Generally in a DNA containing virus infection, the host animal cell supplies all of the following except
A RNA polymerase
B nucleotides
C DNA polymerase
D tRNA
E all of the above are supplied by the host animal cell
Definition
Term
Pput the following in correct order for DNA virus replication:
1 maturation, 2 DNA synthesis, 3 transcription, 4 translation
A 1,2,3,4
B 2,3,4,1
C 3,4,1,2,
D 4,1,2,3
E 4, 3,2,1
Definition
Term
A viral species is a group of viruses that
A have the same morphology and nucleic acid
B have the same genetic information
C infect the same cells and cause the same disease
D can't be defined
Definition
B have the same genetic information
Term
Viruses that have reverse transcriptase are in the
A retroviridae and picornaviridae
B herpesviridae and retroviridae
C hepadnaviridae and retroviridae
D Bacteriophage families
E influenzavirus
Definition
C hepadnaviridae and retroviridae
Term
DNa made from an RNA template will be incorporated into the virus capsid of
A retroviridae
B herpesviridae
C hepadnaviridae
D bacteriophage families
E influenzavirus
Definition
Term
Which of the following statements about viruses is false?
A viruses contain DNA or TNA but never both
B viruses contain a protein coat
C virues use the anabolic machinery of the cell
D viruses use their own catabolic enzymes
E viruses have genes
Definition
D viruses use their own catabolic enzymes
Term
Approximately how many virus particles could fit along a 1-millimeter line?
A 2
B 20
C 200
D 20,000
E 2,000,000
Definition
Term
Some viruses, such as human herpesviruses 1, infect a cell without causing symptoms; these are called
A latent viruses
B lytic viruses
C phages
D slow viruses
E unconventional viruses
Definition
Term
Assume a patient had chickenpox (human herpesvirus 3) as a child. Which line on the graph in figure 13.2 would show the number of viruses present in this person as a 60 year old with shingles (human herpesvirus 3)
A a
B b
C c
D d
E e
Definition
Term
Assume a patient has influenza. During which time (on the graph in figure 13.2) would the patient show the symptoms of the illness.
A a
B b
C c
D d
E e
Definition
Term
The following steps occur during multiplication of herpes viruses. What is the the third step?
A attachment
B biosynthesis
C penetration
D release
E uncoating
Definition
Term
The following steps occur during multiplication of retroviruses. What is the the fourth step?
A synthesis of +RNA
B attachment
C penetration
D release
E uncoating
Definition
Term
Nontoxic strains of Vibrio cholerae can become toxic when they are in the human intestine with toxic strains of bacteria. This suggests that the toxin genes are acquired by
A host enzymes
B prions
C reverse transcriptase
D transduction
E none of the above
Definition
Term
Which of the following steps does not occur during multiplication of a picornavirus?
A synthesis of + strands of RNA
B synthesis of -strands of RNA
C synthesis of viral protiens
D synthesis of DNA.
E none of the above
Definition
Term
Which of the following is most likely a product of an early gene?
A capsid proteins
B DNA polymerase
C envelope proteins
D spike proteins
E lysozyme
Definition
Term
Most RNA viruses carry which of the following enzymes?
A DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
B lysozyme
C RNA dependent RNA polymerase
D reverse transcriptase
E ATP synthase
Definition
C RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Term
The following steps occur during biosynthesis of a +strand RNA virus. What is the third step?
A attachment
B penetration and uncoating
C synthesis of -strand RNA
D synthesis of +strand RNA
E synthesis of viral proteins
Definition
C synthesis of -strand RNA
Term
What contributes to antigenic shift in influenza viruses?