Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the Earth. A seismologist is a scientist who studies earthquakes and seismic waves.
What are Seismic Waves?
Seismic waves are caused by the sudden movement of materials within the Earth, such as slip along a fault during an earthquake. Volcanic eruptions, explosions, landslides, avalanches, and even rushing rivers can also cause seismic waves. Seismic waves travel through and around the Earth and can be recorded with seismometers.
Types of Seismic Waves
There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Body waves can travel through the Earth's inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Earthquakes send out seismic energy as both body and surface waves.
Body Waves
Fault: A fracture in the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust
Epicenter: The point at the surface of the Earth above the focus
Plates: Massive rocks that make up the outer layer of the Earth’s surface and whose movement along faults triggers earthquakes
Seismic waves: Waves that transmit the energy released by an earthquake
Focus (Hypocenter): The point within the Earth where an earthquake rupture starts
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Which word identifies the agent that carries the energy released from earthquakes? Epicenter Focus Lithosphere Waves