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Organic Chemistry 1
Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding – Assignment/Quiz 1
1.Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but a different
mass number. This is because isotopes have the same number of protons but a different
number of neutrons.
2.Which of the following statements correctly describe the general rule that governs
chemicals bonding? Select all that apply.
a.An atom will seek to attain the electron configuration of the nearest noble
gas.
b.An atom will bond so as to attain a complete valence shell.
c.All elements on the periodic table will bond so as to attain a valence shell of eight
electrons. Elements in the first row of the periodic table (e.g. hydrogen)
cannot have eight valance electrons, and will bond so as to attain a valance
shell of two electrons.
d.Atoms will always share electrons in order to attain a complete valence shell.
Atoms may gain, lose, or share electrons so as to attain a complete valence
shell.
3.Match each type of bond to the correct description.
Ionic bond – Electrons are transferred and the resulting species attract one
another.
Covalent bond – Electrons are shared between two nuclei.
Ask most chemists who discovered the periodic table and you will almost certainly get the answer Dmitri Mendeleev. Certainly Mendeleev was the first to publish a version of the table that we would recognise today, but does he deserve all the credit?
A number of other chemists before Mendeleev were investigating patterns in the properties of the elements that were known at the time. The earliest attempt to classify the elements was in 1789, when Antoine Lavoisier grouped the elements based on their properties into gases, non-metals, metals and earths. Several other attempts were made to group elements together over the coming decades. In 1829, Johann Döbereiner recognised triads of elements with chemically similar properties, such as lithium, sodium and potassium, and showed that the properties of the middle element could be predicted from the properties of the other two.
It was not until a more accurate list of the atomic mass of the elements became available at a conference in Karlsruhe, Germany in 1860 that real progress was made towards the discovery of the modern periodic table.
This area of the website celebrates the work of many famous scientists whose quest to learn more about the world we live in and the atoms that make up the things around us led to the periodic table as we know it today.
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