Which theory says that each of us is born with a fundamental drive to seek, form, maintain, and protect strong social relationships?
equity theory
need to belong theory
attraction theory
predicted outcome value theory
need to belong theory
Friendships and other social relationships often involve which type of rewards:
emotional
material
health
all of these
all of these
Which of the following statements about friendships is FALSE?
Friendships are voluntary
Friendships are governed by rules
Friendships are the same in both sexes
Friendships usually occur between peers
Friendships are the same in both sexes
Which of the following statements about opposite-sex friendships is FALSE?
They are almost always closer than same-sex friendships
Which of the following is true with respect to interpersonal conflict?
It involves independent parties
It involves perceived scarce resources
It occurs within oneself
It is synonymous with disagreement
It involves perceived scarce resources
Felix had been angry with his roommate Hector for some time. Hector was always playing his music so loud that Felix couldn't concentrate much less have a conversation on the telephone. Despite his anger, he hadn't expressed his feelings to Hector. Which of the following is true of this situation?
a. Hector and Felix are engaged in conflict because Felix's anger is sufficient to produce conflict.
b. Hector and Felix are not engaged in conflict because the source of their conflict is not interpersonal.
c. Hector and Felix are engaged in conflict because conflict can exist "under the surface" for some time.
d. Hector and Felix are not engaged in conflict because conflict must be an expressed struggle.
d.
Deception has several basic elements. Which of the following is not among them?
a. The sender must believe the information is false.
b. The receiver must believe the information is true.
c. The information must be transmitted knowingly.
d. The sender must intend to create a false belief in the receiver.
b
Misrepresenting facts for the purpose of material gain is known as
forgery
impersonation
fraud
deception
fraud
When Tonya's boss asked her what time their meeting with the new client was, Tonya replied that it was that afternoon at 3:30 p.m. She was so certain, that she did not bother to check her calendar first. When Tonya and her boss arrived at the client's office, the client was very upset because she had been waiting for 30 minutes for their 3 p.m. meeting. Tonya then checked her calendar, and sure enough, the meeting had been scheduled for 3 p.m. Which of the following is true of this scenario?
a. Tonya lied to her boss in order to avoid potential harm.
b. Tonya did not lie to her boss because she didn't mean for her boss to take her word.
c. Tonya lied to her boss because she failed to check facts before making a statement.
d. Tonya did not lie to her boss because she believed her statement was true.
d
What is meant by the statement, "Deception can serve as a social lubricant"?
People commonly engage in deception to get what they want from other people
People commonly engage in deception to avoid hurting others' feelings
People commonly engage in deception in order to impress others
People commonly engage in deception in order to increase their number of friends
People commonly engage in deception to avoid hurting others' feelings
Lying under oath is known as
fraud
perjury
omission
dissimulation
perjury
Which of the following forms of deception is an act of dissimulation?
exaggeration
falsification
sarcasm
equivocation
equivocation
In her diary study, communication scientist Sandra Metts found that almost half of people's deception attempts involved this form of deception:
a. falsification
b. hyperbole
c. omission
d. exaggeration
a
When his girlfriend asks if he really loves her, Ramon gives her a vague, ambiguous response. What form of deception is he attempting?
fibbing
equivocation
exaggeration
falsification
equivocation
Frank's grandfather loved to fish. Every time he came back from the lake, the fish that he caught and released seemed to get bigger and bigger. We can infer from this story that Frank's grandfather likely engaged in deception by:
A .commission
B. equivocation
C. falsification
D. exaggeration
D. Exaggeration
When Ronaldo shopped for his new flat-screen television, he was surprised at the cost differences between some of the models...
The salesperson
engaged in deception by lying
The salesperson engaged in deception by falsification
The salesperson engaged in deception by omission
The salesperson engaged in deception by misleading
The salesperson engaged in deception by omission
Research indicates that the average person can detect deception approximately what percentage of the time?
25%
40%
55%
73%
55%
Which of the following contributes to people's inability to detect deception accurately?
truth bias
focusing on the wrong nonverbal signals
the fact that questioning everything we hear takes too much energy
All of these contribute
All of these contribute
According to deception research, which of the following behavioral changes is a reliable cue to deception?
increased smiling
reduced vocal pitch
decreased eye contact
decreased gesturing
decreased gesturing
Research shows that men are more likely than women to lie about which characteristic in an online dating ad?
physical attractiveness
education level
age
ethnicity
education level
According to research, an increase in which of the following nonverbal behaviors is indicative of deception?
forward leans
genuine smiles
vocal fluency
blinking
blinking
Which of the following would tend to increase your chances of detecting deception?
being lied to by a friend instead of a stranger
being lied to by a highly motivated liar
being very suspicious
being lied to by a very expressive liar
being lied to by a highly motivated liar
Which of the following statements could be an example of the Othello error?
A listener is so suspicious that he or she doubts someone else's truthful statement
People tend to look for deception in bad news more than in good news
People tend to look for deception in good news more than in bad news
A listener is so trusting of another that he or she does not evaluate the truthfulness of the person's statements.
A listener is so suspicious that he or she doubts someone else's truthful statement
Frank and Samantha just received a large inheritance when Samantha's grandmother passed away. Since it was Samantha's grandmother, she felt like she should be able to spend the money how she wanted: building a room addition on their house. Frank disagreed and wanted to buy a more fuel-efficient car that they could drive to and from work. Which of the following is true about this situation?
a. This is an example of conflict because it involves an expressed struggle.
b. This is an example of conflict because it involves scarce resources.
c. This is an example of conflict because it involves incompatible goals.
d. All of these are true.
D.
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the idea of "reframing" a conflict?
thinking of conflict as a game when you traditionally think of it as a battle
engaging in a cooling-off period before you have a conflict discussion
trying to see a conflict from someone else's point of view
minimizing your responsibility for a conflict
thinking of conflict as a game when you traditionally think of it as a battle
Jon recently stopped a conflict with his girlfriend, Ana, and said to her, "You don't know how to have a disagreement without losing your temper and swearing!" Ana replied, "Well at least I want to confront the issues instead of avoiding them!" Jon and Ana's exchange is an example of:
a. the content dimension of conflict
b. the relational dimension of conflict
c. meta-conflict
d. pseudoconflict
C.
Which of the following is NOT one of the health detriments associated with conflict described in your text?
hardening of the arteries
calcium deposits in the kidneys
reduction in the body's natural killer cells
delayed wound healing
calcium deposits in the kidneys
Research shows that three issues top the list as sources of conflict in romantic relationships. Which of the following is NOT among them?
household chores
relationships with in-laws
personal criticisms
finances
relationships with in-laws
Which of the following is an example of passive aggression, as it is defined in the text?
Tara is hurt when her brother forgets her birthday, so she deliberately "forgets" his.
Parker is angry with his mother so he ignores her calls and e-mail messages.
Bonnie doesn't want to go to her neighbor's party, so she takes so long to get ready for it that the party is over by the time she's done
All the answers are correct
All the answers are correct
When spouses engage in the demand-withdraw pattern, who is most likely to demand and withdraw?
Men are most likely to demand; Women are most likely to withdraw
Women are most likely to demand; Men are
most likely to withdraw
Women are most likely to demand and most likely withdraw
Men are most likely to demand and most likely to withdraw
Women are most likely to demand; Men are most likely to withdraw
Which of the following statements about collectivistic cultures is true?
In conflict, group priorities are more important than individual priorities.
Individuals are more likely to avoid conflict altogether
Parties involved in a conflict are likely to enlist a mediator to help reach an agreement.
All the answers are correct
In conflict, group priorities are more important than individual priorities.
Which of the following tips is NOT useful for managing an online conflict?
Avoid responding right away
Always respond using the same communication medium
Clarify comments or
statements that aren't clear
Use emoticons to express your emotional state
Always respond using the same communication medium
Is the ability to manipulate, influence, or control other people or events.
Conflict
Fear
Power
Coercion
Power
A relationship between a person of higher power and a person of lesser power is known as a _______ relationship.
symmetrical
deficit
contemporary
complementary
complementary
Which form of power derives form the ability to punish?
legitimate power
expert power
referent power
coercive power
coercive power
Feminist scholars highlight the fact that, worldwide, women earn only about ________ as much as men for the same job as a blatant example of gender inequality.
15%
40%
70%
90%
70%
When people engage in _______, they use their words to attack or demean those around them.
verbal aggression
linguistic assault
high-dominance conflict
powerful language
verbal aggression
People in which type of culture think of the unequal distribution of power as normal or even desirable?
high-content
low-context
high-power-distance
low-power-distance
high-power-distance
When engaged in interpersonal conflict, ______________ is the practice of saving up past grievances and throwing them all into a conflict at the same time.
A.blindsiding
B.
counter-attacking
C.gunnysacking
D. rubber band-balling
gunnysacking
According to Gottman, people engage in which behavior when they insult each other and attack each other's self worth:
a. contempt
b. defensiveness
c. criticism
d. stonewalling
contempt
Which of the following statements correctly defines the concept of flooding?
Flooding happens when someone engaged in conflict is emotionally or psychologically unable to engage the discussion further.
Which conflict-management strategy involves a high concern for the other party but a low concern for the self?
collaborating
accommodating
avoiding
compromising
accommodating
In the _________ stage of friendship, people begin to drift apart and might lose contact with one another
nascent friendship
waning friendship
declining friendship
drifting friendship
waning friendship
The practice of polygamy is, by definition, an exception to which social expectation about marriage?
It is voluntary
It is based on love
It is
permanent
It is exclusive
It is exclusive
When considering a potential spouse, someone from an individualistic culture such as the United States would more likely ask which question?
"What's in it for my family"
"How does my heart feel"
"What will others think"
"Will this marriage last"
"How does my heart feel"
Which of the following statements about same-sex partners is true?
Some of them enter into formal relationships known as domestic partnerships
Communication in same-sex partnerships resembles that in opposite-sex partnerships
Satisfaction levels in same-sex partnerships are equal to those in opposite-sex partnerships
All the answers are correct
All the answers are correct
According to Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, cognitive models for what marriage is and should be are called
marital hierarchies
marital schemata
sexual roles
bonding patterns
marital schemata
In which marriage type do spouses adopt conventional gender roles and tend to avoid conflict?
traditional
separate
independent
mixed
separate
According to Gottman's couple typology, which type of couple handles disagreements in a way that is open, but discussions tend to be competitive rather than cooperative?
validating
volatile
conflict-avoidant
hostile
volatile
Gottman has discovered that satisfied couples maintain this ratio of positive to negative communication:
a. 5:1
b. 8:1
c. 14:1
d. 1:1
5:1
Why is the discussion of routine, mundane tasks important to consider in long-term romantic relationships?
A. The way couples handle these tasks reflects the balance of power in their relationship.
B. How to handle these issues can become a major issue of contention.
C. Most of the communication that takes place in these relationships falls in this category.
D. All of these.
D
Your ______ is the family that includes your parents and your siblings.
family of procreation
family of origin
extended family
nuclear family
family of origin
From a legal perspective, which is the most heavily regulated relationship type in the United States?
parent-child relationships
parent-adoptive child relationships
sibling
relationships
marital relationships
marital relationships
During conflict episodes, someone playing which family role tends to agree with whatever is said in order to keep others from getting angry?
computer
distracter
placater
blamer
placater
Family _______ can serve as an important way of promoting communication in a blended family, according to your text.
stories
secrets
rituals
vacations
rituals
Let's say you're friends with your co-worker, Eric, who's up for a promotion. Which of the following reflects the task dimension of your relationship?
Based on his performance, you don't feel Eric deserves the promotion
As his friend, you want Eric to get the promotion
If Eric doesn't get the promotion, you will console him and help cheer him up
All of these are examples of the task dimension of your relationship
Based on his performance, you don't feel Eric deserves the promotion
Which type of sexual harassment includes requesting romantic or sexual favors in exchange for preferential treatment at work?
hostile wok environment
sexual bargaining
quid pro quo
harassing
requests
quid pro quo
Which of the following statements about potential health benefits of relationship is true according to the text?
People with more social contracts put themselves at greater risk for illnesses like a cold
People with strong social networks are more than twice as likely to survive a heart attack
A lack of social relationships increases the risk of mortality, but not on the same level as smoking, heart disease, or obesity.
When friends share their problems with us, it increases our stress and can actually make us less healthy
People with strong social networks are more than twice as likely to survive a heart attack
Elizabeth and Aaron had been married for six months when Elizabeth started to feel dissatisfied in their relationship. Although Aaron was a nice person and fun to be around, he didn't do any of the cooking or cleaning despite the fact that both of them worked full time. Elizabeth's dissatisfaction was likely due to the fact that:
Aaron exhibited a lack of commitment in his behavior
Elizabeth expected an equitable investment in household chores from Aaron
Aaron was enjoying too much interdependence in their relationship
Elizabeth was conflicted by her own dialectical tensions between work and home
Elizabeth expected an equitable investment in household chores from Aaron
Jordan wants to feel emotionally close to his girlfriend but he also wants to make his own decisions. Which dialectical tension is he experiencing?
a. openness-closedness
b. revelation-concealment
c. novelty-predictability
d. autonomy-connectedness
b. revelation-concealment
People use many strategies for dealing with dialectical tensions. Going back and forth between the two sides of a tension is a characteristic of which strategy?
segmentation
integration
balance
alternation
alternation
____________ attraction is the force that draws people together to form relationships
Physical
Psychic
Task
Interpersonal
Interpersonal
When you meet Carrie, you are drawn to her as a friend because she is an excellent piano player, just like you are. This is an example of which form of attraction?
Social Attraction
Physical Attraction
Competence Attraction
Task Attraction
Task Attraction
Which term refers to your realistic expectation of what you think you deserve from a relationship?
comparison
level for alternatives
comparison level
complementary assessment
predicted outcome value
comparison level
Janice and Stephanie have been close friends for some time. When Stephanie recently lost her job, she couldn't afford her rent anymore and was on the verge of homelessness. Janice invited her to stay in her guest room for as long as needed. While there, Stephanie does a little of the cooking. According to equity theory, which of the following statements about this relationship scenario is true?
Stephanie is currently over-benefited in their relationship
Stephanie is investing less in their relationship than Janice right now
This relationship will probably survive a period of brief inequity as long as long-term equity is maintained.
All of these statements are true
All of these statements are true
During which of Knapp's stages of relationship termination do couples decrease both the quality and frequency of their interactions?
differentiation
termination
circumscribing
stagnating
circumscribing
Regarding sex differences in friendships, which of the following is FALSE?
Same-sex friendships are more important to women than they are to men
Male-male friendships emphasize shared activities and common interests
Female-female friendships emphasize conversational and emotional expressiveness
Both women and men see their opposite-sex friends as more loyal and helpful than their same-sex friends
Same-sex friendships are more important to women than they are to men
Which of the following reasons that people keep opposite-sex relationships nonromantic is NOT shown by the research?
They aren't ready to be in a romantic relationship
They aren't attracted to their friend
They are romantically interested in a third person
They are concerned about their sibling or friend who is romantically interested in the friend
They are romantically interested in a third person
According to your text, which of the following is NOT a common reason for deception?
Some
lies take advantage of other's ignorance
Some lies make you look better
Some lies benefit the hearer
Some lies amuse you
Some lies take advantage of other's ignorance
How have researchers typically studied deceptive behaviors in cross-cultural environments?
They focus their research on the speaker's vocal cues
They focus their research on there speaker's truthfulness quotient
They focus
their research on the speaker's nonverbal cues
They focus their research on the speaker's eye movement specifically
They focus their research on the speaker's nonverbal cues
Which of the following is NOT one of the common conflict metaphors identified in your textbook?
Conflict is a war
Conflict is a dance
Conflict is a hammer
Conflict is a game
Conflict is a hammer
The content dimension of a conflict relates to what?
the implications of the conflict for the relationship
the strategies people use to manage the conflict
the acceptability of the outcome of the conflict
the specific point of contention giving rise to the conflict
the specific point of contention giving rise to the conflict
Which of the following statements about sex and conflict is FALSE?
Women are always taught to be submissive to the demands of men
Men are generally taught to engage in conflict directly and competitively
Men are generally taught not to hurt women
Women might feel the need to fight to obtain necessary resources
Women are always taught to be submissive to the demands of men
Which of the following statements is about power is FALSE?
Power is known as a "single-dimension" concept
Power is always present
Power can be positive or negative
Power is context-specific
Power is known as a "single-dimension" concept
At which stage of friendship do people begin to think of themselves as friends and their communication becomes more personal?
friendly relationships
moves toward friendship
nascent
friendship
stabilized friendship
nascent friendship
Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of marriage identified in your textbook?
Married people live longer
Married people tend to be healthier
Married people have better sexual health
Married people are less likely to abuse alcohol and drugs
Married people have better sexual health
Preliminary research has shown that, compared to heterosexual couples, homosexual couples tend to
display more overt hostility during conflict
terminate their relationships at the first sign of conflict
take conflict less personally
avoid conflict as much as possible
take conflict less personally
Research shows that which of the following is positively related to your job satisfaction?
being friends with your co-workers and boss
being friends with your customers or clients
maintaining personal boundaries at work
All the answers are correct
being friends with your co-workers and boss
Which of the following statements about relationships with clients at work is correct?
A good relationship with clients is the single greatest predictor of job satisfaction
Most companies encourage their employees to develop close, personal friendships with their clients to help sales
Having friendships with clients reduces some of the pressure or expectation related to job performance
Close friendships with clients can put workers in an uncomfortable or unethical position
Close friendships with clients can put workers in an uncomfortable or unethical position
Which of the following is not an emotional reward commonly associated with close relationships?
comfort
happiness
emotional continuity
empathy
emotional continuity
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a close relationship?
need for deep commitment
minimization of interdependence
dialectical tensions
continuous investment
minimization of interdependence
__________ is the desire to stay in a relationship no matter what happens.
investment
passion
commitment
intimacy
commitment
Which of the following is NOT a relational maintenance behavior?
social networks
openness
predictability
assurances
predictability
Which if the following reflects the resources we put into a relationship?
interdependence
investment
commitment
independence
investment
Which of the following statements about similarity is FALSE?
Forming relationships with people unlike ourselves is more interesting and enjoyable
Forming relationships with people like ourselves is socially validating
Genetically, we are inclined to help people who are similar to ourselves
Spending time with people like ourselves makes us feel better about ourselves
Forming relationships with people unlike ourselves is more interesting and enjoyable
Which theory predicts that the more we learn about someone, the more we like that person?
social exchange theory
uncertainty reduction theory
attraction
theory
equity theory
uncertainty reduction theory
When we experience any form of attraction for someone else, we are likely to engage in _______ behaviors, which signal our interest in another person.
liking
attraction
approach
initiation
approach
At which stage of relationship formation has a deep commitment formed and a strong sense exists that the relationship has its own identity?
bonding
integrating
intensifying
initiating
integrating
When forming online relationships, which of the following strategies reduces uncertainty the most?
passive
active
interactive
integrative
interactive