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Anatomy and Function Of A BSCThis cross-section diagram of the most common type of BSC found on campus may also be found in the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th Edition and will help familiarize users with the basic structure of a BSC. An internal fan draws room air into the front grille of the cabinet, which then flows through a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter to provide downward, particulate-free air to the work surface. This airflow provides product protection by minimizing the chances of cross-contamination across the work surface of the cabinet. The downward moving air “splits” as it approaches the work surface as a fan draws part of the air to the front grille, providing personal protection from contaminated work surface air, and the remainder to the rear grille. The air is then either recirculated through the HEPA filter back into the work zone or exhausted. Because cabinet exhaust air is also passed through a HEPA filter, it is particulate-free (environmental protection), and may be recirculated to the laboratory. HEPA filters are composed of one continuous pleated sheet of borosilicate fibers woven into a crosshatched design. A HEPA filter can trap up to 99.97% of particles with dimensions equal to or greater than 0.3 micron. A comprehensive description of BSC types, performance characteristics, and applications can be found in the BMBL Appendix A: Primary Containment for Biohazards: Selection, Installation and Use of Biological Safety Cabinets (1). HEPA filters are present in all classes of BSCs. A HEPA filter removes only particulates (including microorganisms), not vapors or gases, from the air. HEPA filters are the main line of defense against contamination in BSC construction (1, 8, 9). Most BSCs on Campus are Class II Type A2 and are not for Chemical Use:It is important to remember that HEPA filters are effective at trapping particulates and thus infectious agents but do not capture volatile chemicals or gases. Volatile or toxic chemicals should not be used in Class II Type A cabinets without ducting because vapor build-up inside the cabinet presents a fire or explosion hazard. In addition, this type of cabinet recirculates air from the cabinet workspace into the room, potentially exposing the operator and other room occupants to toxic chemical vapors. Only Type A2-exhausted or Types B1 and B2 BSCs exhausting to the outside should be used when working with volatile, toxic chemicals, but amounts must be limited. Before selecting a cabinet, potential users must evaluate their program and match specific requirements with the appropriate equipment. The Division of Research Safety (DRS) can assist researchers with these evaluations. BSC PlacementAn air current of 1 mile per hour is enough to disrupt the airflow inside of a BSC so it is very important that undisturbed spaces are maintained around the BSC. The following parameters summarized below are recommended by the NIH (5, 6):
Certification RequirementTo ensure that BSCs are providing adequate personnel and environmental protection, on-site testing and certification of BSCs is required:
Principal Investigators (PIs) are responsible for ensuring that BSCs in their facilities are certified on an annual basis. Most departments have a designated safety contact who will coordinate the certification of BSCs with a qualified vendor. If there is no designated safety contact for the unit, the PI is responsible for contacting a vendor and scheduling the certification. Once certification is completed, cabinet information should be updated in the DRS safety cabinet management system. PIs, Safety Contacts, and Cabinet Managers will receive email reminders 30 days prior to the expiration of a BSC and weekly thereafter until a certification is entered or the cabinet status is changed to in-storage or not in use. Email reminders will continue until cabinet information has been updated in the safety cabinet management system. Accredited CertifiersLabs must use accredited certifiers with a Certificate of Liability on file. DRS maintains a list of qualified vendors that have certified or repaired BSCs on campus, which is available upon request. Other accredited certifiers can be located by using the following link:NSF Note: P-Cards and i-Cards cannot be used as payment for services or repairs of biosafety equipment. Biosafety Cabinet certifications or repairs require a purchase order (P.O.), either “Regular” or “Standing,” in Banner for payment. If you have questions about obtaining a P.O., contact your business office. Policy on the Use of Uncertified BSCsIf a BSC is no longer certified (due to either certification expiration or failure) it must not be used as a primary safety device. Why? An uncertified biosafety cabinet with the blowers running may have defective filtration and disseminate potentially harmful material throughout the environment. Any work with pathogens or potentially infectious materials, even those classified as Risk Group 1, should not be performed in an uncertified cabinet. Thus, using an uncertified BSC is strongly discouraged in laboratories, particularly where pathogens or potentially infectious materials are also present because the potential for, and risks associated with, using the equipment incorrectly are increased. Occasionally, there are requests to work with non-pathogenic materials (e.g., plant or certain animal tissue cultures) in an uncertified cabinet. For those who wish to work in an uncertified BSC, contact DRS for assistance with developing a risk assessment to determine if the proposed use would qualify for an exemption from the certification requirement. This should be considered only if the situation can be carefully managed. The cabinet should have a warning sign, and occupants of the laboratory should be trained on the limitations and potential hazards of using the equipment incorrectly. Open Flames and Gas Connections in the BSCGas connections to a BSC are generally not permitted. Why? Open flames in BSCs:
If your research requires working with a flame in a BSC:
Note: The update to the IBC should include a description of this use and why a non-flame alternative cannot be used. If IBC approval is given, approved gas connections should have an additional shut-off valve installed outside of the BSC. Acceptable devices for flaming in a BSC include touch plate micro burners, which provide a flame on demand, or electric furnaces. These heat sources should be placed in the back third of the BSC. Ultraviolet Lamp UsageThe Center for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institute of Health (NIH) agree that UV lamps are not recommended or required in BSCs. Proper use and cleaning of BSCs negates any need for the use of UV lamps. If using UV light as a secondary decontamination method follow the following guidelines:
Use of Biological Safety CabinetsThe safety guidance below describes the proper use of BSCs in the laboratory. Proper use of BSCs protect the user and other personnel in the laboratory space from potential exposure to biohazardous materials. The PI is responsible for developing and implementing standard operating procedures (SOPs) for safely conducting research in a BSC. Preparing BSC for Work
Personal Protective Equipment
Working in the BSC
Placement of Materials in the BSC
Liquid WasteIf using a vacuum, a vacuum flask system is required to provide protection to the central building vacuum system and to personnel who service the equipment. Connect the primary flask to an overflow collection flask and then to an in-line HEPA filter. Both flasks shall contain an appropriate disinfectant (e.g. bleach) for the material used. Traps should be routinely emptied after waste has had proper contact time with the correct concentration of disinfectant (e.g. 10% final concentration of bleach prior to disposal for at least 1 hour contact time due to high organic load). The vacuum flasks may be set up on the floor beneath or next to the BSC, using a secondary container to contain the flasks. If traps are at eye level in the BSC with a HEPA filter, an overflow flask may be omitted. Cleaning Spills in BSC
Decontamination of BSC
ReferencesThe NIH has created a video that demonstrates the safety principles described above as they are put into practice while safely working in a BSC.
How Class II Biological Safety Cabinets W How frequently should your biosafety cabinet be certified?BSCs must be certified when installed, whenever they are moved and at least annually [29 CFR 1910.1030(e)(2) (iii)(B)]. Employers should ensure that a risk assessment has been completed and approved for the work to be conducted and to identify the class and type of BSC needed for the operation or procedure.
Which of the following is a common feature of all biosafety cabinets quizlet?The common feature in all BSCs is the high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. HEPA filters can remove particles down to 0.3 microns with 99.97% efficiency and will trap most bacteria and viruses.
What is the purpose of a biosafety cabinet in a microbiology laboratory?Biosafety cabinets (BSCs) are one type of biocontainment equipment used in biological laboratories to provide personnel, environmental, and product protection.
What is the purpose of a biosafety cabinet in a microbiology laboratory quizlet?(BSCs)? A Biological Safety Cabinet is a ventilated cabinet which uses a combination of HEPA filtration, laminar air flow and containment to provide either personnel, product or environmental protection or protection of all components against particulates or aerosols from bio-hazardous agents.
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