Why is social interaction important to humans

Throughout your life, the number and strength of your relationships affect your mental and physical wellbeing.

The benefits of social connections and good mental health are numerous. Proven links include lower rates of anxiety and depression, higher self-esteem, greater empathy, and more trusting and cooperative relationships. Strong, healthy relationships can also help to strengthen your immune system, help you recover from disease, and may even lengthen your life.

The good news is that while many of these benefits can make you happier and more contented, there’s also a flow-on effect, whereby people around you will want to spend time with you. In this way, social connectedness generates a positive feedback loop of social, emotional and physical wellbeing.

Impact of loneliness on health

Loneliness can have dramatic consequences for your health. Loneliness can lead to disrupted sleep patterns, elevated blood pressure, and increased cortisol (a stress hormone). It can affect your immune system and decrease your overall sense of contentment. Loneliness is also a risk factor for antisocial behaviour, depression and suicide.

Older people are particularly vulnerable. If your mobility decreases, it can be harder to get together with other people. However, older people who remain connected with others and have strong relationships are likely to:

• have a better quality of life
• be more satisfied with their life
• have a lower risk of dementia and mental decline
• need less domestic support.

Younger people (teenagers and people in their 20s) are also at risk when they are isolated. A lack of social relationships can have a direct impact on a young person’s physical wellbeing by increasing the risk of obesity, inflammation and high blood pressure.

These 3 health issues can lead to long-term health problems, including heart disease, stroke and cancer, but a varied social network can help protect against physical decline.

What’s more, the benefits of social ties are significant, even if your other mortality risk factors (such as socioeconomic status, smoking, drinking, obesity and lack of physical activity) are low. In other words, even if you live a healthy life, you still need to be socially active to stay well and happy.

It’s important to recognise that loneliness is different from solitude. Feeling lonely is a problem, but being alone may not be a problem at all. Many people live alone and have happy, fulfilling lives.

How to improve your social connections

Feeling lonely is hard to cope with. Luckily, there are things you can do to tackle loneliness. For instance, you can nurture healthy relationships with people who make you feel good by spending time with them, and by trying to talk to someone every day.

There are 3 kinds of connections that you can have with people:

1. intimate connections – with people who love and care for you, such as family and friends
2. relational connections – with people who you see regularly and share an interest with, such as workmates or those who serve your morning coffee
3. collective connections – with people who share a group membership or an affiliation with you, such as people who vote like you do, or people who have the same faith.

Ask yourself: do you have meaningful, long-term relationships in all these 3 areas?

Perhaps you tend to stick with old friends and don’t feel able to meet new people. Or maybe you avoid people from your past, preferring to mix with people who don’t know much about you. Be honest with yourself about your social habits.

Think about the sorts of relationships you have with people, and the sorts of relationships you would like to have. You might find you want to make new friendships, or perhaps you want to try to make your existing relationships stronger.

One way to strengthen your social connections is to reach out to the people you already know, such as co-workers, family, school friends or neighbours. Give someone a call, or write or email them and let them know you would like to be in touch more often. Arrange to have a coffee or a meal, or to listen to music, have a round of golf or play chess. Think about the interests you share. Facebook and other social media are also great ways to stay in touch.

How to meet new people

There are lots of ways to meet new people . Start a conversation with some of the people you see every day, such as the people on your bus each morning, people at the gym or the park, or the regular checkout operators at your supermarket. (Just remember to make sure that you are safe when meeting new people. Having other people around – for example, meeting in a public place – can be a good strategy.)

Other ideas include joining a sports team or a walking or hobby group, or volunteering. Call your local council to find out about local groups or programs, or visit your local community centre or library – there’s always something happening in your community.

Not all strategies will work for everyone, so try some different approaches to see what works for you. If the first thing you try doesn’t work out, try something different. Beyond Blue’s Connections matter booklet has some useful ideas for older people.

The idea of social connection is to share your time, experiences and stories with people, and to also listen to them. Gradually, you will build a group of people in your life who care about you, and who you also care about. Both your mind and body will reap the rewards.

Relationships help society too

Social ties affect not only your personal health, but also extend to broader society.

People who spend more time with each other forge happy, productive communities.

Where to get help

Art by Madeline Duvall

Whether a smile in passing, an endearing touch, an open ear or a lingering conversation, shared moments bring vibrancy to life.

No matter one’s love language, Enneagram, or place on the introvert/extrovert scale, human interaction is a necessity for all. The desire for connection lies at the heart of each and every individual.

“Looking from a Christian perspective we see that humans are inherently relational creatures,” Relationship IQ Director Kelly Haer said. “We image God — God is a relational God — in the Trinity — the Father, Son and Holy Spirit — and as we image Him, we are relational creatures deeply designed to connect with other people.”

While each person requires a different level of human interaction, the need for connection is inherent.

Senior Nick Donahue said he believes relationships are the most important thing in life and suggested people have a meaningful conversation with someone for at least an hour a day, whether it’s with an old friend or someone new.

“People need to be able to talk to someone, see someone … to see that you’re not alone,” Donahue said. “We are inherently very social beings.”

Human interaction has the ability to affect one’s health in both positive and negative ways, sociology researchers at the University of Texas at Austin found.

Physical touch from significant others has the potential to improve one’s health, Tiffany Field, director of the Touch Research Institute at the University of Miami’s Miller School of Medicine, found in a study. People with healthy emotional support systems have a lesser chance of dying from heart disease, since high blood pressure remains a main factor in cardiovascular disease.

Similarly, psychiatrists showed how partner touch correlates with a decrease in cardiovascular reactivity to stress, in a collaborative research effort published in “Behavior Medicine.” Oxytocin levels increase when holding hands or receiving a hug and the stress hormone cortisol goes down. NPR called Oxytocin the “cuddle hormone.”

“I think that’s an important part of human interaction — feeling that warmth and touch from someone,” senior Claire Duval said. “Being in the actual presence of other people — that’s what’s powerful.”

Human interaction is not only physically beneficial, but also imperative for mental health. Loneliness and social isolation are twice as harmful as obesity to physical and mental health, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a psychology and neuroscience professor at Brigham Young University, found in a study she co-authored.

As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, a much higher percentage of human interaction occurs online.

“Technology can offer a very anemic connection,” Haer said. “Technology can be the junk food of communication where we’re just exchanging tiny bits of information over text and we’re really missing out on accessing our full relationship capacity.”

With this in mind, Haer suggested people use social media as a springboard to foster deeper connections with others, rather than settling for a cheap substitute of true, life-giving human interaction. She further encouraged everyone to get outside of themselves by calling friends to hear more about them rather than for the purpose of sharing more about themselves.

“Don’t talk, just listen,” Donahue agreed.

Lending an open ear and touch to those who are in need of human interaction not only considers the well-being of others but promotes personal physical, emotional and mental well-being.

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