Why does the Southern Hemisphere winter and summer solstice in different time than that of the Northern Hemisphere?

Q.1(f) Why does the Southern Hemisphere experience Winter and Summer Solstice in different times than that of the Northern Hemisphere?

Ans.: The Southern Hemisphere experience Winter and Summer Solstice in different times than that of the Northern Hemisphere because: • When the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, the Northern Hemisphere experiences Summer Solstice. At this time, since the South Pole is tilted away from the Sun, the Southern Hemisphere experiences Winter Solstice.

• When the North Pole is tilted away from the Sun, the Northern Hemisphere experiences Winter Solstice. At this time, since the South Pole is tilted towards the Sun, the Southern Hemisphere experiences Summer Solstice.

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Q.2. Tick the correct answers. (a) The movement of the earth around the sun is known as (i) Rotation (ii) Revolution

(iii) Inclination

Ans.: (ii) Revolution

(b) Direct rays of the sun fall on the equator on (i) 21 March (ii) 21 June

(iii) 22 December

Ans.: (i) 21 March

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Q.3. Fill in the blanks.
(a) A leap year has _ _ _ number of days.

Ans.: 366

(b) The daily motion of the earth is _ _ _ _.

Ans.: rotational

Ans.: elliptical

(d) The sun’s rays fall vertically on the Tropic of _ _ _ on 21st June.

Ans.: Cancer

(e) Days are shorter during _ _ _ season.

Ans.: winter

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(d) How are maps more helpful than a globe?

Ans.: Maps are more helpful than a globe in the following manner: • A globe can be useful when we want to study the earth as a whole. But, when we want to study only a part of the earth, maps is more useful as it can represent the entire earth's surface or a part of it.

• Maps can be useful to show the physical features of the earth such as mountains, plateaus, plains etc., political boundaries such as countries, cities, towns and villages etc. as well as specific information such as road maps, rainfall maps, distribution of forest, industries etc.

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Q.1(e) Distinguish between a map and a plan.

Ans.: A map : It is a representation of earth’s surface or a part of it, on a sheet of paper. It can be used for representing countries, states, villages, town etc. A plan : It is a drawing of a small area on a large scale, on a sheet of paper.

It is used for representing those things which can't be shown in map, for example, the length and breadth of a room

(f) Which map provides detailed information?

Ans.: Large scale maps provide detailed information.

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(iii) To measure distance

Ans.: (ii) To find the main direction

(d) A scale is necessary (i) For a map (ii) For a sketch

(iii) For symbols

Ans.: (i) For a map

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Q.1. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) What are the four major domains of the earth?

Ans.: The four major domains of the earth are lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.

(b) Name the major continents of the earth?

Ans.: The seven major continents of the Earth are Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica.

Ans.: The two continents that lie entirely in the Southern Hemisphere Australia and Antarctica.

(d) Name the different layers of atmosphere.

Ans.: The different layers of atmosphere are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere.

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Q.2. Tick the correct answers. (a) The mountain range that separates Europe from Asia is (i) the Andes (ii) the Himalayas

(iii) the Urals

Ans.: (iii) the Urals

(b) The continent of North America is linked to South America by (i) an Isthmus (ii) a Strait

(iii) a Canal

Ans.: (i) an Isthmus

(iii) Carbon dioxide

Ans.: (i) Nitrogen

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Q.3. Fill in the blanks.
(a) The deepest point on the earth is _ _ _ in the Pacific Ocean.

Ans.: Mariana Trench

(b) The _ _ _ Ocean is named after a country.

Ans.: Indian

Ans.: Biosphere

(d) The continents of Europe and Asia together are known as _ _ _.

Ans.: Eurasia

(e) The highest mountain peak on the earth is _ _ _.

Ans.: Mt. Everest

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Q.1. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) What are the major landforms?

Ans.: The major landforms of the earth are Mountains, Plateaus and Plains.

(b) What is the difference between a mountain and a plateau?

Ans.: Mountain : It is a naturally elevated surface of the earth. It is higher than the surrounding area. Mountains have peaks Plateau : It is an elevated flat land. It is a flat-topped land that stands above the surrounding area.

Plateaus are flattened highlands

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Q.1(d) How are mountains useful to man?

Ans.: Mountains useful to man in following ways: • Mountains are a storehouse of water. Many rivers have their source in the glaciers in the mountains. Water from the mountains is also used for irrigation and generation of hydro-electricity. • They have a rich variety of flora and fauna. • The forests provide fuel, fodder, shelter and other products like gum, raisins, etc. • Mountains provide an idyllic site for tourists.

• Several sports like paragliding, hang gliding, river rafting and skiing are popular in the mountains.

(e) How are plains formed?

Ans.: Most of the plains are formed by rivers and their tributaries. The rivers flow down the slopes of mountains and erode them. They carry forward the eroded material. Then they deposit their load consisting of stones, sand and silt along their courses and in their valleys. It is from these deposits that plains are formed.

(f) Why are the river plains thickly populated?

Ans.: The river plains thickly populated as more flat land is available for building houses, as well as for cultivation.

(g) Why are mountains thinly populated?

Ans.: The mountains are thinly populated because of harsh climate. Also, the slopes are steep, less land is available for farming.

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Q.2. Tick the correct answers. (a) The mountains differ from the hills in terms of (i) elevation (ii) slope

(iii) aspect

Ans.: (i) elevation

(b) Glaciers are found in (i) the mountains (ii) the plains

(iii) the plateaus

Ans.: (i) the mountains

(iii) India

Ans.: (iii) India

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Q.3. Fill in the blanks.
1. A _ _ _ is an unbroken flat or a low-level land.

Ans.: plain

2. The Himalayas and the Alps are examples of _ _ _ types of mountains.

Ans.: fold

3. _ _ _ areas are rich in mineral deposits.

Ans.: Plateau

4. The _ _ _ is a line of mountains.

Ans.: range

5. The _ _ _ areas are most productive for farming.

Ans.: plain

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On an outline map of the world, mark the following : (a) Mountain ranges: Himalayas, Rockies and Andes.

(b) Plateau : Tibet.

Ans.:

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Q.1. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) Name the major physical divisions of India.

Ans.: The major physical divisions of India are: • The Great Himalayas or Himadri • The Northern Great Plains • The Coastal Plains • The Peninsular Plains

• The Islands

(b) India shares its land boundaries with seven countries. Name them.

Ans.: The countries that share land boundaries with India are: • Afghanistan • Bangladesh • Bhutan • China • Pakistan • Nepal

• Myanmar

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Q.1(e) How many States and Union Territories are there in India? Which states have a common capital?

Ans.: There are 29 States and 7 Union Territories in India. The states of Haryana and Punjab have a common capital – Chandigarh.

(f) Why do a large number of people live in the Northern plains?

Ans.: Northern plains are formed by the alluvial deposits laid down by the rivers- the Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra and their tributaries. These river plains provide fertile land for cultivation. Therefore, a large number of people live in the Northern plains.

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Q.2. Tick the correct answers. (a) The southernmost Himalayas are known as (i) Shiwaliks (ii) Himadri

(iii) Himachal

Ans.: (i) Shiwaliks

(b) Sahyadris is also known as (i) Aravali (ii) Western Ghats

(iii) Himadri

Ans.: (ii) Western Ghats

(iii) India and Maldives

Ans.: (ii) India and Sri Lanka

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Q.3. Fill in the blanks.
(a) India has an area of about _ _ _.

Ans.: 3.28 million sq. kms.

(b) The Greater Himalayas are also known as_ _ _.

Ans.: Himadri

Ans.: Rajashthan

(d) The river Narmada falls into the _ _ _ sea.

Ans.: Arabian

(e) The latitude that runs almost halfway through India is _ _ _.

Ans.: Tropic of Cancer

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Q.1. On an outline map of India, mark the following. (a) Tropic of Cancer (b) Standard Meridian of India (c) State in which you live (d) Andaman Islands and Lakshadweep Islands

(e) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats

Ans.:

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Ans.: The grasses, shrubs and trees, which grow on their own without interference or help from human beings are called natural vegetation.

(d) Name the different types of vegetation found in India.

Ans.: The different types of vegetation found in India are: • Tropical rainforests or evergreen forests • Tropical deciduous forests • Thorny bushes • Mountain vegetation

• Mangrove forests

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Q.1(e) What is the difference between evergreen forest and deciduous forest?

Ans.: Evergreen forest : Tropical Rain Forests occur in the areas which receive heavy rainfall. These are very dense. The trees of these forests shed their leaves at different times of a year. Deciduous forest : These forests are also called monsoon forests. These are less dense.

The trees of these forests shed their leaves at a particular time of a year.

(f) Why is tropical rainforest also called evergreen forest?

Ans.: The tropical rainforest is also called evergreen forest because trees in these forests shed their leaves at different times of the year. Therefore, it remains green throughout the year.