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toot = tute, toute), prob. < MD. tuyten, D. tuiten, also toeten MLG. tuten, sound a horn, = OHG. diozan, MHG. diezen, make a loud noise, Icel. thjota, whistle as the wind, sough, resound, AS. theótan, howl, make a noise, Sw. tjuta, howl, = Dan. tude, howl, blow a horn; cf. D. toet-horen, a bugle-horn, MHG. duz, m., noise, Icel. thytr, noise, whistling wind, Goth. thut- haurn, horn, trumpet; perhaps orig. imitative, as the later forms are regarded.] I. intrans. 1. To blow a horn, a whistle, or other wind- instrument; especially, to produce harsh or discordant sounds with a horn, cornet, trumpet, whistle, or the like.
To Tute in a horne, cornucinere. Levins, Manip. Vocab. (E. E. T. S.), p. 196. That foule musicke which a horne maketh, being tooted in.. Chaloner, tr. of Moria Encomium, H b. (Nares.) 2. To give out sound, as a wind-instrument when blown: usually a word of disparagement. O lady, I heard a wee horn toot, And it blew wonder clear. Lord Barnaby (Child's Ballads, II. 309). You are welcome to my thoughts; and these are, to part with the little tooting instrument in your jacket to the first fool you meet with. J. F. Cooper, Last of Mohicans, xii. 3. To make sounds like those of a horn or a steam-whistle; trumpet. We made a very happy escape from the elephants. They soon got our scent, raised their trunks, tooted as no locomotive could toot, their ears sticking out straight, and off they went through the trees and tall grass.
The Century, XXXIX. 613. 4. Specifically, to call: said of some grouse. The [pinnated] Grouse in the spring commences about April to toot, and can be heard nearly a mile. Sportsman's Gazetteer, p. 124. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] sound on a horn, trumpet,
5. To whine; cry. II. trans. 1. To pipe, or the like.
Jockie, say, What might he be That sits on yonder hill, And tooteth out his notes of glee? W. Browne, Shepherd's Pipe, ii. But I hae nae broo' of charges, since that awfu' morning that a tout of a horn, at the Cross of Edinburgh, blew half the faithfu' ministers of Scotland out of their pulpits. Scott, Heart of Mid-Lothian, xxxix.
Marsh Yates, the "shif'less toot," and his beautiful, energetic wife. Harper's Mag., LXXVII. 801. 2. The devil. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] tooter1+ (tö'ter), n. [Early mod. E. toter; <ME. *totere, tootere; toot1 +-er1.] 1. That which projects or stands out.
are no recent birds ornis.) In reptiles, batrachians, and fishes teeth the rule; in these classes they may be not only on the maxillary bones of either or both jaws, but also on the pal- ate-bones, pharyn- geal bones, vomer, etc. Chelonians are devoid of teeth, their horny beaks answering for bit- ing, as is also the case with birds. True teeth are usually attached to the bones of the jaws by being socketed in pits or grooves called alveoli, this mode of articulation being termed gomphosis. In reptiles, etc., the attachment to bone may be more intimate, and may occur in several ways, whence the terms acrodont, holco- dont, pleurodont, thecodont, etc. True teeth in vertebrates are enderonic structures which develop from odontoblasts, and consist chiefly of a substance called dentin, to which may be added cement and enamel; which hard structures, as a rule, are disposed about a pulp-cavity, filled with soft tooth-pulp, or the nutrient and nervous structures of the tooth. This cavity may close up or remain wide open; in the latter case, teeth grow perennially or for an indefinite period. (See Glires, Rodentia.) Dentin resembles bone in most respects, and differs especially in the fineness and parallelism of the tubules which radiate from the central cavity. Ivory is a variety of dentin. The hard tissues of teeth are sometimes intricately folded (see labyrinthodont, with cut); but individual teeth are seldom compounded (see, however, Orycteropodide). Teeth of monotremes, when present, are horny and not dentinal. There may be one or several rows of maxillary teeth, which successively come into position, as the molars of the elephant, or are simultaneously in position, as is the rule. In all mammals true teeth are confined to a single row, upon the bones above mentioned; and in none are there more than two sets of teeth. Mammals with only one set of teeth are termed mon- Go to the farthest end of the room and blow the pipe in gentle toots. Mayer, Sound, p. 78. 2. A blow-out; a spree: as, to go on a toot. [Slang, U.S.] 6. pl. In a rose-cut diamond, the lower zone of toots (töt), n. [Origin uncertain; cf. tout1, n.] ophyodont; those with two sets, diphyodont. In diphyo- facets. They form a truncated cone-shaped 1. A lazy, worthless person. [Slang.] base for the crown.-7. In vencering, the rough- ness made by the toothing-plane on the sur- faces to be glued together to afford a good hold for the glue.-8. Figuratively, a fang; the sharp or distressing part of anything. mammals the first or mastodont, etc., and also bi-, tri-, quadri-, quinque-tubercu- late, etc. One molar or premolar above and below, in car- nivorous quadrupeds, is specially modified with a sharp crest which cuts against its fellow of the other jaw like a scissor-blade; such a tooth is termed sectorial or car- nassial. A tooth (incisor or canine) which projects from the mouth is termed a tusk or tush, as in the elephant, walrus, narwhal, wild boar and others of the pig family, and the fossil saber-toothed cats (Macharodontinae). (See cuts under Monodon, saber-toothed, and tusk.) A tooth may be peculiarly folded upon itself to serve as a channel for the conveyance of a poisonous fluid, as in the rattlesnake: such a tooth is termed a fang. (See poison-fang, and cut under Crotalus.) A tooth is commonly divided into a crown, a neck or cingulum, embraced by the gum, and a fang or root-the latter, which may be multiple, being socketed
Hor. The world will take her for an unicorn. Val. Examine but this nose. Sco. I have a toter. Val. Which placed with symmetry is like a fountain I' the middle of her face. Aur. A nose of wax! Shirley, Duke's Mistress, iv. 1. 2. One who looks or peers; a watchman. These thingus forsothe seide the Lord to me, Go, and put a tootere; and what euere thing he shal see, telle he. Wyclif, Isa. xxi. 6. tooter2 (tö'tèr), n. [Early mod. E. also toter; <toot2+-er1.] 1. One who toots; one who plays upon a pipe, horn, or other wind-instrument.
Hark, hark! these toters tell us the king's coming. Fletcher and Rowley, Maid in the Mill, iii. 1. 2. That on which one toots, or on which a sound is produced by blowing.
6381 = = = duced to o- in Gr. and lost in the other tongues), B
.. = = = Here is a boy that loves to coast, skate, fire crackers, blow squash tooters. O. W. Holmes, Professor, viii. tooth (töth), n.; pl. teeth (teth). [< ME. toth (pl. teth), AS. toth (pl. teth, rarely tothas) = ÖS. tand OFries. toth - MD. D. tand - MLG. tant, LG. tän=OHG.zand, zan, MHG. zant, zan, G.zahn Icel. tönn (orig. *tannr, *tandr) Sw. Dan. tand Goth. tunthus (Teut. tanth-, tunth-) =W.dant = Corn. danz Bret. dant = OIr. dēt =L. dens (dent-) (> It. dente = Sp. diente Pg. dente F. dent, E. dent2)= Gr. ódovs (ódovT-), also idúv (odovT-)= Lith. dantis: = Pers. dandan = Skt. dant, tooth; perhaps with an orig. initial radical vowel (obscured by lack of accent, re = = =
as the Archæop- and
As blak as cole icheon thei were in dede, Save only ther tethe ther was noo white to see. Generydes (E. E. T. S.), l. 1943. Nothur at thy mete thy toth thou pyke. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 14. No vertebrate animal has teeth in any part of the alimentary canal save the mouth and pharynx, except a snake (Rachiodon), which has a series of what must be termed teeth, formed by the projection of the inferior spinous processes of numerous anterior vertebræ into the œsophagus. Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 81. b 2. In Invertebrata, one of various hard bodies, presenting great variety of position and structure, which may occur in the alimentary canal from the mouth to the stomach. Such teeth are always ecderonic, cuticular, or epithelial structures, as the numerous teeth upon the lingual ribbon of gastropods, as the snail. These are true teeth, of chitinous structure, very numerous, and very regularly arranged in cross-rows each of which usually consists of differently shaped teeth distinguished by name (as median, admedian, uncinal, etc.), and the whole character of which is important in classification. (See odontophore, cuts under radula and ribbon, and various classificatory terms cited under radula.) Various hard tooth-like or jaw-like projections receive the name of teeth, as certain chitinous protuberances, called cardiac or gastric teeth, in the stomach of the lobster, crab, etc.
tooth in the alveolar process of the jaw. Any animal's set of teeth, or the character of that set, constitutes its dentition. Decay of the teeth is caries, and a decaying tooth is said to be carious. The scientific study and description of teeth is odontology or odontography. In pursuing this subject, see the various words above italicized, and many of the cuts cited under skull, as well as those under Desmodontes, maxillary, palate, Pythonidæ, scalpriform, and supramaxillary.
Hunan Tooth, enlarged: A, vertical sec- tion; B, horizontal section.
a, enamel of crown; b, pulp-cavity; c, cement of roots or fangs; d, dentin. (In A the letter d is opposite the cingulum.)
3. In zool., a projection resembling or likened 4. In bot., any small pointed marginal lobe,
Fletcher (and another), Love's Pilgrimage, ii. 2. (b) One of the tines or prongs of a fork. (c) One of the sharp wires of a carding-instrument. (d) One of a series of projections on the edge of a wheel which catch on corresponding parts of a wheel or other body; a cog. See cut under pinion.
Blow, blow, thou winter wind; . Thy tooth is not so keen, Because thou art not seen. Shak., As you Like it, ii. 7. 177. 9. Palate; relish; taste, literally or figuratively. Compare a sweet tooth, below. Chart. He's an excellent musician himself, you must note that. May. And having met one fit for his own tooth, you see, he skips from us.
Dekker and Webster, Northward Ho, iv. 4. These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth. Dryden, tr. of Persius's Satires, iii. 229. It was much the same everywhere-affable greetings, pressing invitations, great courtesy, but nothing, absolutely nothing, for the impatient tooth of a correspondent. Harper's Mag., LXXVIII. 867. [Prov. 10. Keep; maintenance. Halliwell. Eng.]-Addendum of a tooth. Sce addendum. Admedian teeth, in conch. See admedian.- Armed to the teeth. See armed.-Artificial teeth, pieces of ivory or porcelain fashioned in the shape of natural teeth, used to replace the latter which have been lost or extracted. When made of porcelain they are further known as incorruptible, mineral, or vitrescent teeth.-A sweet tooth, a fondness for sweet food.
Basioccipital tooth. I am glad that my Adonis hath a sweete tooth in his head. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber), p. 308. See basioccipital.-Bicuspid teeth. See bicuspid.-Bulb of a tooth. See bulb.-By or with the skin of one's teeth. See skin.- Canine teeth. See def. 1, and canine.-Caniniform tooth, any tooth, whether a canine or other, that resembles the specialized canine of a carnivore in size and shape: as, lateral incisors caniniform; canines not caniniform.- Capsule of teeth, the membrane of Nasmyth. See Nasmyth's membrane, under membrane.-Cardinal teeth, in conch., the hinge-teeth of a bivalve. See def. 3 (b), hinge-tooth, and
tooth cut under bivalve.-Clean as a hound's tooth, perfectly clean; like polished ivory. Deciduous teeth. See milk tooth and dentition.-Dog teeth. See dog-tooth.-Elephant's-tooth, a kind of tooth-shell, Dentalium elephantinum.-Epicycloidal teeth. See epicycloidal (with cut). -Eruption of teeth, the cutting or appearance of the teeth of any kind; dentition.-Esophageal teeth. See esophageal, and third quotation under def. 1.-Eye teeth. See eye-tooth.- Formula of teeth. See dental formula (under dental), and def. 1.-From one's teeth, not from the heart; reluctantly or as a matter of form.
When the best hint was given him, he not took 't, Or did it from his teeth. Shak., A. and C., iii. 4. 10. Gliriform teeth, any teeth that resemble the perennial incisors of the rodents or Glires.-Hen's teeth, that which does not exist, or which is extremely rare or unlikely. Compare the like use of black swan (under swan1). [Col. loq.]-Hunting tooth, in toothed gearing, a single tooth, either of the wheel or of the pinion, more than what is required to make the numbers of teeth in the wheel and in the pinion commensurable. The purpose of a hunting tooth is to prevent the same teeth from coming into contact at each revolution, and thus to distribute more uniformly the wearing effect of friction.-Incisive tooth. See incisive edge (under incisive), and incisor.-In spite or despite of one's teeth, despite all resistance or opposition. Shak., M. W. of W., v. 5. 133.- In the teeth. (a) In direct oppo sition or conflict.
Their vessels go only before the wind, and they had a strong steady gale almost directly in their teeth. Bruce, Source of the Nile, I. 62. (c) In the face or presence of; before. The carrier scarcely knew what to do in the teeth of so urgent a message. R. D. Blackmore, Cripps the Carrier, i. Lateral teeth, in conch. See lateral, a., 3, and n., 1 (a) (b).-Lingual teeth. See lingual.-Mandibular teeth. (a) The teeth of the mandible or lower jaw of any verte-brate. (b) The processes or serration of the mandibles of any insect, as a stag-beetle. Maugre one's teeth. See maugre.-Maxillary teeth. See maxillary.-Median teeth, in conch., the single middle teeth of the several cross-rows of radular teeth, as distinguished from the paired admedian, lateral, or uncinal teeth of each crossrow. Milk-teeth. See def. 1 and milk-tooth.-Molariform teeth, any teeth, whether molars or others, which serve for crushing, or resemble true grinders in shape or office.-Molar teeth. See def. 1, molar, n., and cut under supramaxillary.-Old woman's tooth. Same as routerplane (which see, under router).- Permanent, pharyngeal, pitted, stomachal teeth. See the adjectives, Premolar teeth. See def. 1, premolar, and cuts under palate and supramaxillary.-Radular teeth, in conch. See radula (with cut), and cuts under ribbon and toxoglossate.-Stomach teeth. See stomach-tooth.-Superadded teeth, the six posterior permanent teeth of either jaw of man—that is, the true molars.—Teeth of succession, the ten anterior permanent teeth of each jaw of man, which succeed the milk-teeth-that is, the incisors, canines, and premolars, as taken together, and distinguished from superadded teeth.- Temporary teeth, the milk-teeth.To cast one's colt's tooth, to have a colt's tooth. See colt. To cast or throw in one's teeth, to give boldly, as a challenge, taunt, reproach, etc. Mat. xxvii. 44.-To cut one's eye-teeth, to acquire worldly wisdom by experience; have one's wits sharpened. Compare like implication of wisdom-tooth. To cut the teeth. See cut.-To have (carry) a bone in the teeth. Same as to carry a bone in the mouth. See bone1.-To hide one's teeth, to dissimulate one's hostility; feign friendship.
The jailer hid his teeth, and, putting on a show of kindness, seemed much troubled that we should sit there abroad. T. Ellwood, Life (ed. Howells), p. 323. To hit in the teeth with, to taunt or twit with; throw in the teeth of.
If you be my friend, keep you so; if you have done me a good turn, do not hit me i the teeth with 't; that's not the part of a friend. Beau. and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, v. 1. To lie in one's teeth. See lie2.-To love the tooth, to be an epicure or gourmet.
6382 -Wisdom teeth. all, tooth and nail. tooth (töth), v. See wisdom-tooth. With teeth and Hooker, Eccles. Polity, viii. 6. [<ME. toothen, tothen; tooth, n.] I. trans. 1. To bite; taste. They were many times in doubt which they should touth first, or taste last. Gosson, Schoole of Abuse. 2. To furnish with teeth: as, to tooth a rake. That towe is toothed thicke as the mesure Of erees wol not passe hem, upwarde bende . . . And every corne wol start into this chare. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 159. The twin cards toothed with glittering wire. Wordsworth.
When the Law shows her teeth, but dares not bite. Young, Love of Fame, i. 17. To take the bit in the teeth. See bit1.-Uncinal teeth, in conch. See uncinal.-Villiform teeth. See villiform.
3. To indent; cut into teeth; jag. Then saws were toothed, and sounding axes made. Dryden, tr. of Virgil's Georgics, i. 215. 4. To lock one in another. II. intrans. 1t. To teethe. When thaire crestes springe As seke are thay as children in tothinge. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 25. 2. To interlock, as cog-wheels. toothache (töth'āk), n. [Formerly also toothach, toothake; ME. tothache, < AS. tothece, toth, tooth, +ece, ache: see tooth and ache1.] Pain in the teeth; odontalgia. Toothache was once supposed to be caused by a worm in the tooth. Compare worm.
Coughes and cardiacles, crampes and tothaches. Piers Plowman (B), xx. 81. I am troubled With the toothache, or with love, I know not whether; There is a worm in both.
tooth-billed (töthʼbild), a. In ornith., having one or more tooth-like processes of the horny integument on the cutting edges of the bill. (a) Dentirostral, as a falcon or a shrike. See cut under dentirostral. (b) Serratirostral, as a sawbill or a humbower-bird, a rare and remarkable bower-bird, Scenoming-bird. See cut under serratirostral.-Tooth-billed
Mowbray in fight him matchless honour won; . . Drayton, Barons' Wars, ii. 43. Tooth and nail, with biting and scratching; hence, with tist. [Humorous slang.] all strength and means; with one's utmost efforts.
Tooth-billed Bower-bird (Scenopœus dentirostris). pous (or Scenopoetes) dentirostris, lately discovered (1875) in the Rockingham Bay district of Australia.- Toothbilled pigeon, Didunculus strigirostris. See cut under Didunculus. tooth-blanch+ (töth'blånch), n. Something to whiten the teeth; a dentifrice. Dentifricium, tooth-powder, tooth sope, or tooth-blanch, 1585. (Nares.) A small brush, with a long straight or curved handle, used for cleaning the teeth. toothbrush-tree (töth'brush-trē), n. vadoral. tooth-brush (töth'brush), n. See Sal tooth-carpenter (töth'kär"pen-tėr), n. A den tooth-cress (töth'kres), n. Same as coralwort. tooth-drawert (töth'drâ"er), n. [< ME. toth drawer, tothdraware; tooth + drawer.] One who draws teeth, especially as a profession; a dentist.
Massinger, Parliament of Love, i. 5. toothache-grass (töth ́āk-grås), n. A grass, Ctenium Americanum, of the southern United States. The culm is 3 or 4 feet high, and bears a curious dense and much-awned one-sided spike with a flat rachis, which is strongly curved backward. This grass has a very pungent taste. toothache-tree (töth'āk-trē), n. 1. The prickly-ash.-2. The somewhat similar Aralia spinosa, or angelica-tree, sometimes called wild orange. toothback (töth'bak), n. A tooth-backed or prominent bombycid moth; a pebble. See Notodonta. tooth-backed (töth'bakt), a. Having a tooth or prominence on the back, as a caterpillar of the family Notodontidæ. tooth-bearer (töth'bar"ėr), n. The odontophore of a mollusk. toothbill (töth'bil), n. The tooth-billed pigeon (manu-mea) of the Samoan Islands. See cut under Didunculus. 2.
tooth-like tooth-drawing (töth ́drâ ̋ing), n. The act of teeth. extracting a tooth; the practice of extracting toothed (tötht), a. [< ME. tothed, tothyd; < tooth-ed2.] 1. Having teeth; furnished with teeth.
ers. Of portours and of pykeporses, and pyled [bald] toth-draw- Piers Plowman (C), vii. 370. His face so ill favouredly made that he looks at all times as if a toothdrawer were fumbling about his gums. Dekker, Gull's Hornbook.
Four maned lions hale The sluggish wheels; solemn their toothed maws, Their surly eyes brow-hidden. Keats, Endymion, ii. 2. Jagged; notched; dentate; serrate. The crushing is effected by means of two grooved cylinders consisting of toothed discs. Spons' Encyc. Manuf., I. 454.
Specifically — (a) Thorny. Tooth'd briers, sharp furzes, pricking goss and thorns. Shak., Tempest, iv. 1. 180. (b) In bot., having a series of regular or irregular projecting points about the margin; dentate: as, a toothed leaf, calyx, etc.; having tooth-like projections, as the roots of Dentaria. (c) In ornith., having a tooth-like projection of the cutting edge of the bill, as a falcon's beak; dentirostral. See cuts under dentirostral and Thamnophilina. (d) In conch., having a tooth-like projection, or such projections, about the margin of a bivalve, or the aperture of a univalve, as a unio or a helix. See tooth, n., 3 (b), and cuts under bivalve, Monoceros, and Monodonta. (e) In anat., odontoid or dentate: noting the axis, or second cervical vertebra. See axis1, 3 (a). (f) In entom., having one or more sharp tooth-like processes: as, a toothed margin or mandible.-Toothed herring. See herring.—Toothed shell. Same as tooth-shell.-Toothed snails. See snail.-Toothed whale. See whale.-Toothed wheels, wheels made to act upon or drive one another by having the surface of each indented with teeth, which fit into those of the other; cog-wheels. See tooth, 5 (d), wheel, and cut under pinion. toothedge (töth ́ej), n. [< tooth + edge.] The sensation of having one's teeth set on edge; a sensation excited by grating sounds and by the touch of certain substances; tingling uneasiness, arising from stridulous sounds, vellication, or acid or acrid substances. tooth-flower (töth'flou"er), n. A rubiaceous plant, Dentella repens, the only species of its genus, a prostrate herb forming dense patches, found in Asia, Australia, and Polynesia. toothful (töth'fül), a. [< tooth +-ful, 1.] 1†. Full of teeth.
Our mealy grain Our skilfull Seed-man scatters not in vain ; But, being covered by the tooth-full Harrow, Rots to reviue.
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 3. Toothsome; palatable. What dainty relish on my tongue This fruit hath left! some angel hath me fed; If so toothfull, I will be banqueted. Massinger, Virgin-Martyr, v. 1. toothful (töth'fül), n. [<tooth +-ful, 2.] A small draught of any liquor. [Colloq.]
Step round and take a toothful of something short to our better acquaintance. Whyte Melville, White Rose, II. i. toothill (tötʼhil), n. [< ME. toothil, toothille, Hence the local names Toothill, Tothill, Tuttle, totehylle, toothulle, tutehylle; < toot1 + hill1. and the surnames Tuthill, Tuttle, Tottle.] A lookout-hill; any high place of servation; an eminence: now only as a local name.
And in the myd place of on of hys Gardynes is a lytylle Mountayne, where there is a lytylle Medewe: and in that Medewe is a litylle Toothille with Toures and Pynacles, alle of Gold and in that litylle Toothille wole he sytten often tyme, for to taken the Ayr and to desporten hym. Mandeville, Travels, p. 312. A Tute hylle; Aruisium montarium, specula. Cath. Ang., p. 398.
toothing (tö'thing), n. [Verbal n. of tooth, v.] In building, bricks or stones left projecting at the end of a wall that they may be bonded into a continuation of it when required. toothing-plane (tö'thing-plan), n. A plane the iron of which, in place of being sharpened to a cutting edge, is formed into a series of small teeth. It is used to roughen a surface intended to be covered with veneer or cloth, in order to give a better hold to the glue. tooth-key (töth'ke), n. A dentists' instrument formerly in use for extracting teeth: so called because turned like a key. toothless (töth'les), a. [<ME. toothles; < tooth +-less.] Having no teeth, in any sense; deprived of teeth, as by age; edentulous; edentate; anodont. Sunk are her eyes, and toothless are her jaws. Dryden, Eneid, vii. 586. 1. A toothlet (töth'let), n. [< tooth + -let.] small tooth or tooth-like process; a denticle.2. In bot., a tooth of minute size. toothleted (töth'let-ed), a. [< toothlet +-ed2.] In bot., having toothlets; denticulate; having very small teeth or projecting points, as a leaf. tooth-like (töth'lik), a. Resembling a tooth; odontoid; like a tooth in situation, form, or function: as, tooth-like projections.
6383 Though less toothsome to me, they were more wholesome for me.
tooth-net tooth-net (töth'net), n. A large fishing-net anchored. [Scotch.]
tooth-ornament (töth'ôr na-ment), n.
A tooth-paste (töth'past), n. dentifrice in the form of paste. toothpick (töth'pik), n. and a. [toothpick1. Cf. picktooth.] I. n. 1. An implement, as a sharpened quill or a small pointed piece of wood, for cleaning the teeth of substances lodged between them. In the seventeenth century toothpicks were often of precious material, as gold; and gold and silver toothpicks are toilet articles still sometimes used.
Lincoln Cathedral, England.
I have all that's requisite To the making up of a signior: my spruce ruff, Massinger, Great Duke of Florence, iii. 2. A bowie-knife. [Slang, U. S.] "as the weapons. Things supposed to be required by "honor" will coarsen as they descend among the vulgar; the duel will develop into a street or bar-room fight, with "Arkansas toothpicks The Nation, Dec. 7, 1882, p. 485. 3. An umbelliferous plant, Ammi Visnaga, of the Mediterranean region: so named from the use made of the rays of the main umbel, which harden after flowering. Also called toothpick bishop's-weed, and Spanish toothpick. II. a. Shaped like a toothpick: specifically noting boots and shoes having narrow, pointed toes. [Slang.] toothpicker (töth'pik"er), n. [tooth + picker.] 1. One who or that which picks teeth. They write of a bird that is the crocodile's toothpicker, and feeds on the fragments left in his teeth whiles the serpent lies a-sunning. Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 83. 2. That with which the teeth are picked; a toothpick. [Rare.] Go to your chamber, and make cleane your teeth with your tooth-picker, which should be either of iuorie, silver, or gold. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 252. tooth-plugger (töth'plug" er), n. A dental instrument for filling teeth. See plugger. tooth-powder (töth'pou"der), n. A powder used in cleaning the teeth. tooth-pulp (töth'pulp), n. Connective and other soft tissue filling the pulp-cavity of a tooth. It is in part nervous, and is very sensitive when exposed to the air through caries of the dentin.
toothsomeness (töth'sum-nes), n. The state
In a manuscript volume of the private accounts of
tooth-raket (töth'rāk), n. A toothpick. Curedent. Dentiscalpium, tooth-rake. A cutaneous eruptooth-rash (töth'rash), n. tion sometimes occurring during the process of dentition: same as strophulus. tooth-ribbon (töth'rib"on), n. The lingual ribbon, or radula, of a mollusk. See odontophore, and cuts under radula and ribbon. P. P. Carpenter. Connectooth-sac (töth'sak), n. tive tissue in the fetus containing the germ of the teeth. tooth-saw (töth'sâ), n. In dentistry, a fine frame-saw for sawing off a natural tooth in order to set an artificial pivot-tooth, for sawing between teeth which are overcrowded, etc. tooth-scrapert (töth'skra"per), n. A toothpick. See the quotation under tooth-rake. tooth-shell (töth'shel), n. Any member of the genus Dentalium, family Dentaliidæ, order Solenoconchæ, or class Scaphopoda. The shells are symmetrical, tubular, conical, and generally curved. See the technical terms. Also called toothed shell.-False tooth-shells, the Cæcidæ. tooth-soapt (töth'sōp), n. Soap for cleaning the teeth. Topsell, (Entalis striolaBeasts, 1607. (Halliwell.) toothsome (töth'sum), a. [< tooth + -some.] Palatable; pleasing to the taste; relishing. Tooth-shell
A tooth-scraper, or
wort, 1. flicted by the tooth of an animal. It generally belongs to the class of punctured wounds, and is prone to become seriously inflamed, even when the animal inflict- ing it is not venomous.
toothy (tö'thi), a. [tooth + -y1.] 1. Hav- [Rare.]
Let the green hops lie lightly; next expand
2. Toothsome. [Colloq.] A certain relaxation subsequently occurs, during which
Toothy critics by the score, tooting-hillt (tö'ting-hil), n. [< ME. totyng- tooting-holet (tö'ting-hōl), n. [< ME. totyng- hole; tooting, verbal n. of toot, v., + hole1.] A spy-hole.
They within the citee perceived well this totyng-hole, Hall, Hen. VI., an. 6.
tooting-placet (tö'ting-plās), n. [ME. totyng-
Toting place. Wyclif, Isa. xxi. 5. tootle (tö'tl), v. i.; pret. and pp. tootled, ppr. tootling. [Freq. or dim. of toot2.] To toot gently or repeatedly; especially, to produce a succession of weak modulated sounds upon a flute.
Two Fidlers scraping Lilla burlero, my Lord Mayor's De light, upon a Couple of Crack'd Crowds, and an old Oli- We are all for tootling on the sentimental flute in litera- ture. R. L. Stevenson, Inland Voyage, p. 14. too-too (tö'tö), adv. and a. See phrase under tool. toot-plant (töt'plant), n. [< toot (< Maori tutu) large leaves, and gracefully drooping panicles. The plant is poisonous and destructive to cattle-not, however, it is said, to goats. The property appears to be that of an irritant narcotic. The berry-like fruit without the seeds is edible. Also wineberry. toot-poison (töt'poi"zn), n. The poison of the toot-plant. too-whoo, n. and v. See tu-whoo. toozle (tö'zl), v. t. A dialectal variant of tousle. toozoo (tö-zö'), n. [Imitative.] The cushat or ring-dove, Columba palumbus. [Prov. Eng.] top1 (top), n. and a. [Early mod. E. also toppe; Sc. tap; ME. top, toppe, <AS. top, a tuft or ball at the point or top of anything, OFries. top = D. top, end, point, summit, MLG. top, LG. topp OHG. MHG. Zopf, end, point, tuft of hair, pigtail, top of a tree, G. zopf, top, = Icel. toppr, tuft, lock of hair, crest, top, Sw. topp, a summit, - Dan. top, tuft, crest, top; appar. orig. a projecting end or point' (cf. tap1). = = =
top = Hence, from Teut., OF. tope, dim. toupet, F. tou-
His top was dokked lyk a preest beforn. Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 590. Let's take the instant by the forward top. Shak., All's Well, v. 3. 39. 2. Any bunch of hair, fibers, or filaments; specifically, in woolen-manuf., a bundle of long-staple combed wool-slivers, ready for the spinner, and weighing 14 pounds. A toppe of flax, de lin le toup. Rel. Antiq. (ed. Halliwell and Wright), II. 78. This long fibre, . which is called the top in the worsted manufacture.
W. C. Bramwell, Wool-Carding, p. 27. 3. The crown of the head, or the upper surface of the head back of the forehead; the vertex or sinciput.
Thou take hym by the toppe and I by the tayle;
And long the way appears, And high the mountain-tops, in cloudy air, The mountain-tops where is the throne of Truth. M. Arnold, Thyrsis. Specifically-(a) The head or upper part of a plant, especially the above-ground part of plants yielding rootcrops: as, potato-tops, turuip-tops; in phar., the newer growing parts of a plant. If the buds are made our food, they are called heads, or tops; so cabbage heads, heads of asparagus and artichoke. Watts, Logic, I. vi. § 3. The fruits and tops of juniper are the only officinal parts. U. S. Dispensatory, 14th ed., p. 827. (b) The upper part of a shoe. Compare def. 13 and top-boot. He has tops to his shoes up to his mid leg. Farquhar, Beaux' Stratagem, iii. 1. (c) The upper end or source; head waters, as of a river. [Rare.]
The third navigable river is called Toppahanock. At the top of it inhabit the people called Mannahoacks amongst the mountaines.
Capt. John Smith, Works, I. 117. (d) The upper side; the surface. Such trees as spread their roots near the top of the ground. Bacon. (e) pl. The collection of a few copies of each sheet of a printed book placed on the top of a pile of such printed 5. That which is first or foremost. (a) The beginning: noting time. [Rare.] sheets. In thende of Octob'r, or in the toppe Of Novemb'r in the lande is hem to stoppe. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 96. (b) That which comes first in the natural or the accepted order; the first or upper part; the head: as, the top of a page; the top of a column of figures.
Cade. What is thy name? Clerk. Emmanuel.
Dick. They use to write it on the top of letters. Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iv. 2. 107. Ralph left her at the top of Regent Street, and turned down a by-thoroughfare. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, x. (c) The most advanced or prominent part; the highest part, place, rank, grade, or the like. Take a boy from the top of a grammar school, and one of the same age, bred. . . in his father's family, ... and ... see which of the two will have the more manly carriage. Locke, Education, $ 70. Home was head; his brilliant composition and thorough knowledge of the books brought him to the top. Farrar, Julian Home, xix. [Rare.] He was upon the top of his marriage with Magdaleine the French King's daughter. 6. The crowning-point. Knolles, Hist. of the Turks. (Latham.) 7. The highest point or degree; pinnacle; zenith; climax.
What is this That. Fletcher (and another), False One, ii. 1. The top of woman! all her sex in abstract! B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, iv. 1. 9. Naut., a sort of platform surrounding the head of the lower mast on all sides. It serves to extend the topmast-shrouds. The tops are named after the respective masts to which they belong, as maintop, foretop, and mizzentop. See cut under lubber.
In the morning we descried from the top eight sail astern of us. Winthrop, Hist. New England, I. 6. 10. The cover of a carriage. In coaches it is a permanent cover; in barouches and landaus it is a double calash; in gigs, phaëtons, etc., it is a calash. 11. That part of a cut gem which is between the girdle or extreme margin and the table or flat face. E. H. Knight.—12. pl. Buttons washed or plated with gold, silver, tin, etc., on the face or front side only: when the whole is thus treated, they are called all-overs. [Trade-name.] 13. Same as top-boot: especially in the plural: as, a pair of tops. [Colloq.]
Be-hold me how that I ame tourne, Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 95. Lop and top. See lop2.- On top of, superimposed on. -To cry on (or in) the top oft, to speak with greater force or importance than; overrule.
To stand in a bar, . . . in a green coat, knee-cords, and tops. Dickens, Pickwick, xiv. It was a kind of festive occasion, and the parties were attired accordingly. Mr. Weller's tops were newly cleaned, and his dress was arranged with peculiar care. a claw. Dickens, Pickwick, lv. 14. The end-piece of a jointed fishing-rod; the tip; also, the topping or mounting at the end of this piece, usually made of bell-metal, agate, carnelian, etc.-15. A method of cheating at dice in vogue about the beginning of the eighteenth century. Both dice seemed to be put into the box, but in reality one was kept at the top of the box between the flugers of the person playing.-At the top of one's lungs. See lung.-Bow top. See bow2.-Captains of tops. See captain. From top to toe, from head to foot; hence, wholly; entirely; throughout.
It was as I received it, and others, whose judgements in such matters cried in the top of mine-an excellent play. Shak., Hamlet, ii. 2. 459. Top and butt, in ship-building, a method of working long tapering planks, by laying their broad and narrow ends alternately fore-and-aft, lining a piece off every broad end the whole length of the shifting. It is adopted principally for ceiling. Sometimes used attributively: as, "top and butt... fashions," Thearle, Naval Arch., § 213.-Top and tailt, everything; beginning and end.
Thou shalt with thyn eres heren wel Top and tail, and every del.
What tree if it be not topped beareth any fruite? Lyly, Euphues, Anat. of Wit, p. 127. Periander, being consulted with how to preserve a tyranny newly usurped,. went into his garden and topped all the highest flowers. ... Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. (b) To snuff (a candle): said also of burning off the long end of a new wick. Halliwell; De Vere. [Prov. Eng. and U. S.] Top the candle, sirrah; methinks the light burns blue. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, i. 1. See the quotation. Harder tempers of steel, containing 0.7 per cent. of carbon and upwards, settle down after teeming, leaving a hollow or funnel-shaped tube or pipe at the top of the ingot, which requires to be broken off, or the ingot topped, as it is called, before working the same. W. H. Greenwood, Steel and Iron, p. 424. 9. Naut., to raise one end, as of a yard or boom, higher than the other.-10. To hang. Tuft's Top and topgallantt, in complete array; in full rig; in Glossary of Thieves' Jargon (1798). [Thieves' slang.] Chaucer, House of Fame, 1. 880. full force.
Captains, he cometh hitherward amain, Top and top-gallant, all in brave array. Peele, Battle of Alcazar, iii. 3. Top of the tree, the highest point or position attainable; the highest rank in the social scale, in a profession, or the like.
6384 toparchia the top tool is held above the work, and is struck with a sledge by another workman.-Top burton. See burton. Top cover, the upper or front cover of a book. [Eng.] Always pruning, always cropping? Is her brightness still obscur'd? Ever dressing, ever topping? Always curing, never cur'd? Quarles, Emblems. (Nares.) To top over tailt, to turn heels over head. See top over topl (top), v.; pret. and pp. topped, ppr. topping. tail, under top1, n. top on; cap; crown. [ top1, n. Cf. top2, v.] I. trans. 1. To put To tumble ouer and ouer, to toppe ouer tayle,. also holesome for the body. may be Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber), p. 47. (Davies.) Dickens, Bleak House, xi.
My Lady Dedlock has been ...at the top of the fashionable tree. Dickens, Bleak House, ii. Top over tailt, heels over head; topsyturvy. Happili to the hinde he hit thanne formest, & set hire a sad strok so sore in the necke That sche top ouer tail tombled ouer the hacches. William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2776. Top-road bridge. See bridge.-Tops-and-bottoms, small rolls of dough baked, cut in halves, and then browned in an oven, used as food for infants. Simmonds. 'Tis said that her tops and bottoms were gilt, Like the oats in that Stable-yard Palace built For the horse of Heliogabalus. Hood, Miss Kilmansegg, Her Birth. II. a. 1. Being at the top; uppermost; highest; foremost; first; chief; principal. These twice-six colts had pace so swift, they ran Upon the top-ayles of corn ears, nor bent them any whit. Chapman, Iliad, xx. 211. The fine Berinthia, one of the Top-Characters, is impudent and Profane.
Her more famous mountaines are the aforesaid Hamus, [and] Rhodope still topt with snow. Sandys, Travailes, p. 33. 2. In dyeing, to cover or wash over with a different or richer color: as, to top indigo with a bright aniline, to give force and brilliancy. 3. To place and fasten upon the back margin of (a saw-blade) a stiffening piece, or a gage for limiting the depth of a kerf; back (a saw). -4. To reach the top of.
Jeremy Collier, Short View (ed. 1698), p. 219. The humble ass serves the poorer sort of people, there being only a few of the top families in the city [of Scio] who use horses. Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 9. Aniline colours used alone remained in fashion for a short time only, but are now usefully employed as top colours- namely, brushed in very dilute solution over vegetable colours. Workshop Receipts, 2d ser., p. 236. 2. Greatest; extreme. Setting out at top speed, he soon overtook him. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, I. (Davies.) 3. Prime; good; capital: as, top ale. [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.]-The top notch. See notch.Top and bottom tools, striking-tools, such as chisels or punches and swages. The bottom tools have generally square tangs to fit into the square opening in the anvil, and the operator holds the work upon the bottom tool, while
Wind about till you have topp'd the hill. Sir J. Denham, Prudence. 5. To rise above or beyond; surmount. like an enemy broke upon me, topping the eastward ridge of rock. The moon. R. D. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, xxxvii. The sun was just topping the maples. The Century, XXVI. 376. 6. To pass over; leap; clear. Many a green dog would endeavour to take a meuse in stead of topping the brambles, thereby possibly splitting The Field, March 19, 1887. (Encyc. Dict.) 7. To surpass; outdo.
Thirty-six were cast for death, and only one was topped. Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, III. 387. 11. To tup; cover. Shak., Othello, v. 2. 136.Topping the dice. See top1, n., 15.-To top off. (a) To complete by putting on the top or uppermost part of: as, to top off a stack of hay; hence, to finish; put the finishing touch to. A heavy sleep evolved out of sauerkraut, sausages, and cider, lightly topped off with a mountain of crisp waffles. The Century, XLI. 47. (bt) To take or toss off; drink off. Its no heinous offence (beleeve me) for a young man to hunt harlots, to toppe of a canne roundly; its no great fault to breake open dores.
If this letter speed, 8. To take off the top of. Specifically-(a) To re- the remaining leaves, or, with maize, to hasten the ripen top2+ (top), n. [< top2, v.] Opposition; strug ing, etc.). gle; conflict.
Terence in English (1614). (Nares.) To top one's part, to do one's part with zeal and success; outdo one's self.
(b) See the quotation. tempting strawberries being displayed on the top of the Strawberry pottles are often half cabbage leaves, a few pottle. "Topping up," said a fruit dealer to me, "is the principal thing. You ask any coster that knows the world, and he'll tell you that all the salesmen in the markets tops up. It's only making the best of it." • Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, I. 61. top1t (top), prep. [ME. toppe; short for on top of.] Above.
The latter was a dark chestnut with a white fetlock, standing full 16 hands (while the mare scarcely topped 15). Lawrence, Guy Livingstone, ix. 3. To incline or fall with the top foremost; topple. My attention was first called to a movement of the snow by noticing that the snow walls were leaving the building, as I at first supposed, by a topping movement. Science, X. 180. 4t. To preen or prune one's self.
This we bezechith toppe alle thing, thet thin holy name, thet is thi guode los, thi knaulechinge, thi beleaue, by y-confermed ine ous. Ayenbite of Inwyt (E. E. T. S.), p. 106. top2 (top), v.; pret. and pp. topped, ppr. topping. [Sc. also tope; < ME. toppen, lit. catch by the top'; < top1, n.: see top1.] I.t intrans. To wrestle; strive.
Toppyn, or fechte by the nekke [var. feyten, fy3th, fythe, feightyn by the nek], colluctor. Prompt. Parv., p. 496. As hi wexe hi toppede ofte ther nas bituene hem no love. Poems and Lives of the Saints (ed. Furnivall), xxiv. 15. II. trans. To oppose; resist. Jamieson. [Scotch.]
The King nominated one day, in face of parliament, [the Earl of Mortoun]; while Argyle topes this nomination, as of a man unmeet. Baillie, Letters, I. 390.
And the nations were angry: The world was in tops with Christ's church, having hatred against his people. Durham, Expos. of the Revelation, xi. 18. [(Jamieson, under tope.) top3 (top), n. [Early mod. E. also toppe; ME. top, prob. < MD. top, toppe, var. (due to confusion with top, point, summit) of dop, doppe, a top (cf. MD. dol, var. of tol, D. tol, a top), OHG. topf, tof, topfo, MHG. topf, toppe, top, wheel, G. (dial.) topf: = Dan. top, a top, spinning-top; perhaps so called from a fancied resemblance to a pot,< MHG. topf, tupfen, G. topf (obs.), töpfen, pot; cf. G. (dial.) dipfi,dupfi, dippen, an iron kettle with three legs, prob. connected with AS. deóp, G. tief, etc., deep: see deep. The notion that the top is so called "beis spun," or "from whirling round on its top or cause it is sharpened to a tip or top on which it point," is inconsistent with the G. forms (G. topf, a top (toy), G. zopf, a tuft, crest); moreover, a top does not spin on its top.] 1. A children's toy of conical, ovoid, or circular shape, whether solid or hollow, sometimes of wood with a point of metal, sometimes entirely of metal, made to whirl on its point by the rapid unwinding of a string wound about it, or by lashing with a whip, or by utilizing the power of a spring. All tops are more precisely called spinning-tops, conical ones peg-tops, and those that are lashed whip-tops.
Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 491. 2. In rope-making, a conical block of wood with longitudinal grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.-Gyroscopic top. See gyroscopic.. Parish top. See parish.Top and scourge, a whip top and its whip. Halliwell. toparch (to'pärk), n. [= F. toparque, < L. toparcha, Gг. Tопáрxηs, the governor of a district, Tórоs, a place, Top for Rope-making. + apxew, rule.] The governor of a district or toparchy.
Fuller. The prince and toparch of that country. toparchia (to-pär'ki-ä), n. [L.: see toparchy.] Same as toparchy. Athenæum, No. 3267, p. 743.
toparchy 6385 toparchy (to'pär-ki), n.; pl. toparchies (-kiz). topaz-rock (to'paz-rok), n. [Tr. G. topasfels or topace; ME. topas, thopas, topace, tupace; top-boot (top'böt), n. A boot having a high also, as ML., topacius (also fancifully as the top; specifically, one having the upper part name of Chaucer's Sir Topas or Thopas) G. of the leg of a different material from the rest topas, OF. topase, topaze, F. topaze Pr. topazi and separate from it, as if turned over, or de- Sp. topacio Pg. It. topazio, LL. topazion, signed to be turned over. The jack-boots of the also topazon, L. topazus, ML. also topazius, topa- seventeenth century and later had the top somewhat pro- cius (in L. applied to the chrysolite), < Gr. TOTά-jecting from the leg, as if to allow more freedom to the knee, and this upper part was of thinner leather than the leg, and sometimes, though rarely, of a colored lea- ther, not requiring blacking. The modern top-boot, worn Luv, also Tóπaços, the yellow or oriental topaz; origin unknown; possibly so called from its brightness; cf. Skt. tapas, heat. According to Pliny (bk. xxxvii. c. 8), the name is derived from that of Topazas, an island in the Red Sea, the position of which is 'conjectural,' < Gr. TоnάSew, conjecture. Others place this conjectural island in the Arabian Sea.] 1. A mineral of a vitreous luster, transparent or translucent, sometimes colorless, often of a yellow, white, green, or pale-blue color. It is a silicate of aluminium in which the oxygen is partly replaced by fluorin. The fracture is subconchoidal and uneven; the hardness is somewhat greater than that of quartz. It usually occurs in prismatic crystals with perfect basal cleavage, also massive, sometimes columnar (the variety pycnite). Topaz occurs generally in granitic rocks, less often in cavities in volcanic rocks as rhyolite. It is found in many parts of the world, as Cornwall, Scotland, Saxony, Siberia, Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. The finest varieties are obtained from the mountains of Brazil and the Ural Mountains. Those from Brazil have deep-yellow tints; those from Siberia have a bluish tinge; the Saxon topaz has a pale wine-yellow. The purest topazes from Brazil, when cut in facets, closely resemble the diamond in luster and brilliance.
Flaum-beande gemmes, And safyres, & sardiners, & semely topace. Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), ii. 1469. 2. In her., the tincture or in blazoning by the ming-bird, Topaza pella or T. pyra.- False topaz, a transparent pale-yellow variety of quartz. Oriental topaz, a name for yellow sapphire, or corundum. See ori- ental, 2.-Pink topaz, pink or rose-colored topaz, pro- duced from the yellow Brazilian topaz by strong heat- ing. If the heat is continued too long, the color is en- tirely expelled, and the topaz becomes colorless. Also rose topaz.-Scottish topaz. Same as smoky topaz.- Siberian topaz, the white or bluish-white topaz found in Siberia.-Smoky topaz. See smoky-Spanish to- paz, a variety of smoky quartz the color of which has been changed by heat from smoky-to dark-brown, golden- brown, or golden-yellow.-Star-topaz, a yellow star- sapphire. See asteriated sapphire, under sapphire. Topaza (to-pā'za), n. [NL. (G. R. Gray, 1840), <Gr. Tómatos, topaz: see topaz.] A genus of humming-birds, the topaz hummers. The curved bill is longer than the head, and the tail is forcipate with a long slender pair of feathers next to the middle pair.
Topaz Humming-bird (Topaza pella). Two species are known, T. pella and T. pyra, both of Cayenne, Trinidad, and the Amazon region. The long tail and beak give these hummers a length of 5 inches, though the body is small. The coloration is gorgeous; in T. pella the back is shining dark-red, changing to orange-red on the rump, the head is black, the throat metallic greenish-yellow with a central topaz sheen and black border; the other under parts are glittering crimson, with golden-green vent. topazine (to'paz-in), a. [< topaz + -inc1.] In entom., yellow and semi-transparent with a glassy luster, as the ocelli of certain insects and the eyes of some spiders. topazolite (to-paz'o-lit), n. [<Gr. TónаÇoç, topaz, +i0os, stone.] A variety of garnet, of a topazyellow color, or an olive-green, found in Piedmont. See garnet1. 401
Top-boots. a, coachman's boot; b, jockey's boot; c, man's walking-boot; d, hunt- ing-boot; e, lady's riding-boot;, man's riding-boot.
chiefly by fox-hunters in England and by jockeys and car-
He wrote to the chaps at school about his top-boots, and his feats across country. Thackeray, Pendennis, iii.
top-booted (top'bö"ted), a. Wearing top-boots. In a carding-machine,
top-card (topʼkärd), n. a top-flat. topcastlet (top'kås"1), n. [Early mod. E. top- castell, ME. toppe-castelle; topl+ castle. Cf. forecastle.] A protected place at the mast- heads of old English ships, from which darts and arrows and heavier missiles were thrown; hence, a high place.
Alle ryally in rede [he] arrayes his chippis; hym lykyde. Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3617. the lower yards in time of action to prevent top-chain (top'chan), n. Naut., a chain to sling them from falling if the ropes by which they are hung are shot away. top-cloth (top'klôth), n. Naut., a name for- merly given to a piece of canvas used to cover the hammocks which were lashed to the top in action.
His [Baron Stockmar's] Constitutional knowledge. was... only an English top-dressing on a German soil, = Gladstone, Gleanings of Past Years, I. 84. topel (top), v. i.; pret. and pp. toped, ppr. toping. [Perhaps F. toper, toper, formerly toper, tauper, dial. taupi - It. toppare, cover a stake in dicing, stake as much as one's adversary, hence accept, agree, = Sp. topar, butt, strike, accept a bet; used interjectionally, F. tope, OIt. topa, in dicing (I) agree,' hence 'agreed!' 'done!' also in drinking, (I) pledge you'; perhaps orig. 'strike hands' or 'strike glasses'; cf.
top-fuller It. intoppare, strike against something; prob. from a Teut. source, perhaps from the root of tup or of tap2. The E. term is not connected with top1 or tip1.] To drink alcoholic liquors to excess, especially to do so habitually.
If you tope in form, and treat, Dryden, To Sir George Etherege, 1. 59. Was there ever so irsty an elf?- But he still may tope on. Hood, Don't you Smell Fire? tope2 (top), v. t. Same as top2.
European Tope (Galeorhinus galeus). sharks of small size, some of them also called dogfish. The species to which the name originally pertained is found on the European coast. There are others in various parts of the world, as the oil-shark of California, G. zyopterus. See also cut under Galeorhinus. topes (top), n. [Cf. nope (?).] The European wren, Troglodytes parvulus. [Local, Eng.] tope4 (top), n. [Hind. (Panjab) top, prob. < Pali or Prakrit thupo, < Skt. stupa, a mound, an accumulation.] The popular name for a type of Buddhist monument, which may be considered as a tumulus of masonry, of domical or tower-like form, many specimens of which occur in India and southeastern Asia, intended for the preservation of relics or the commemoration of some event. When for the former purpose the tope is called a dagoba, when for the latter a stupa, the term tope having reference to the external shape only. The oldest topes are dome-shaped, and rest on a base which is cylindrical, quadrangular, or polygonal, rising perpendicularly or in terraces. A distinctive feature of the tope is the apical structure, which is in the shape of an open parasol and is known as a tee. One of the most important sur
Great Tope at Sanchi, near Bhilsa in Bhopal, Central India. viving topes is the principal one of a group at Sanchi in Bhopal, Central India. tumulus somewhat less than a hemisphere, 106 feet in diameter and 42 feet in height. On the top is a flat space, in the center of which once stood the tee. A most elaborately carved stone railing surrounds this tope. In topes serving to preserve relics these were deposited in metal boxes or in chambers in the solid masonry of the tope. See dagoba, stupa2. topeб (top), n. [< Telugu topu, Tamil toppu, a grove or orchard. The Hind. word is bagh.] In India, a grove or clump of trees: as, a toddytope; a cane-tope. topee, n. See topi. toper (to'per), n. habitually drinks alcoholic liquors to excess; [< topel +-erl.] One who a hard drinker; a sot.
In the public-houses, that orthodox tribe, the topers, who neglect no privileged occasion of rejoicing, keep the feast [New Year's Eve], as they keep every feast, saint's day or holiday, either of State or Church, by mak ing it a day more than usually unholy. • W. Besant and J. Rice, This Son of Vulcan, Prol., i.
top-filledt (top'fild), a. Filled to the top; brim-
Soon they won the topful heav'ns.
Chapman, Iliad, v. 761. top-full (top'fül'), a. [< topl+fulll.] Brimful. Shak., K. John, iii. 4. 180. [Obsolete or prov. Eng.] top-fuller (top'fül"ėr), n.. In forging, a toptool with narrow round edge, used in forming grooves, etc. Page 3
topgallant topgallant (top'gal"ant; by sailors usually togal'ant), a. and n. I. a. 1. Being above the topmast and below the royal: applied to mast, sail, rigging, etc.-24. Topping; fine.
6386 or pertaining to such trimming. Topiary work I was lead to a pretty garden, planted with hedges of = Spenser, Visions of the World's Vanity, 1. 100. alaternus, having at the entrance a skreene at an exceeding height, accurately cutt in topiary worke. Evelyn, Diary, March 25, 1644. topic (top'ik), a. and n. [I. a. Formerly also topick, topique; <F. topique Sp. tópico Pg. It. topico, topic, local (in med. use), < NL. topicus, local, Gr. TоTIKós, pertaining to a place, 2. Figuratively, any elevated part, place, etc. local, pertaining to a common place, or topic, topical, < Tóлоs, a place. II. n. Formerly also topick, topique, usually in pl.; < F. topique, pl. topiques, Sp. tópica Pg. It. topica, L. topica, neut. pl., the title of a work of Aristotle, Rolling topgallantsail. See rolling.-Top and top-Gr. TоTIKά (тà TоTIKά, the books concerning gallant. See topl.-Topgallant-bulwarks. See quar- Tónol, or common places), neut. pl. of TOTIKÓ, ter-board.- Topgallant-forecastle. See forecastle.Topgallant-shrouds. See shroud2. pertaining to a place: see I.] I. a. Local: top-graining (top'grā′′ning), n. An additional same as topical. coating of color, either in distemper or in oil, put over the first coat of graining after it is dry. =
Top-gallant he, and she in all her trim. Pope, Satires of Donne, iv. 230. II. n. 1. The topgallant mast, sail, or rigging of a ship.
A goodly ship with banners bravely dight,
And bring thee cords made like a tackled stair;
toph (tof), n. In surg., same as tophus. tophaceous (tō-fā'shius), a. [< toph + -aceous.] Pertaining to a toph or tophus; gritty; sandy: as, a tophaceous concretion.
It [milk] differs from a vegetable emulsion by coagulating into a curdy mass with acids, which chyle and vegetable emulsions will not. Acids mixed with them precipitate a tophaceous chalky matter, but not a chyly substance. Arbuthnot, Aliments, IV. ii. § 4. top-hamper (top'ham"per), n. Naut.: (a) Any unnecessary weight, either aloft or about the upper decks. So encumbered with top-hamper, so over-weighted in proportion to their draught of water.
Motley. (Imp. Dict.) (b) The light upper sails and their gear. (c) The whole of the rigging and sails of a ship. [Rare.] top-hampered (top'ham"pėrd), a. Having too much weight aloft; hence, top-heavy. top-heaviness (top'hev"i-nes), n. The state of being top-heavy. Jour. Franklin Inst., CXXVI. 178. top-heavy (top'hev"i), a. 1. Having the top disproportionately heavy; over-weighted at the Like trees that broadest sprout, Their own top-heavy state grubs up their root. Chapman, Byron's Conspiracy, iii. 1. 2. Figuratively, lacking fitness of proportions; liable to fall or fail. top.
The scheme has become more top-heavy, in that the pensions for the aged or disabled workmen are graded, vary. ing according to the wages they have been earning. The Nation, XLVIII. 377. 3. Drunk; tipsy. Leland. [Slang.] Tophet (to'fet), n. [< Heb. tōpheth, lit. a place to be spit on, < túph, spit.] A place situated at the southeastern extremity of Gehenna, or Valley of Hinnom, to the south of Jerusalem. It was there that the idolatrous Jews worshiped the firegods and sacrificed their children. In consequence of these abominations the whole valley became the common laystall of the city, and symbolical of the place of torment in a future life.
The pleasant valley of Hinnom, Tophet thence
O all ye Topick Gods, that do inhabit here. in logic or rhetoric. The chief topics concern the argu- ments from notation, conjugates, definition, genus, spe- cies, whole, part, cause, effect, subject, adjunct, disparates, contraries, relates, privatives, contradictories, greater, less, equals, similars, dissimilars, and testimony; but different logicians enumerate the topics differently.
nese, much used in ancient Roman houses. topiarian (tō-pi-a ri-an), a. [< L. topiarius, topiary, +-an.] Of, pertaining to, or practising topiary work. Clipped yews and hollies, and all the pedantries of the topiarian art. Kingsley, Westward Ho, vii. topiary (to'pi-a-ri), a. [< L. topiarius, an ornamental or landscape gardener, < topia, landscape-gardening: see topia.] In gardening, clipped or cut into ornamental shapes; also, of
topman The various collections have been scientifically and topically classified and arranged. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXVIII. 717. topic-foliot (top ́ik-fō“liō), n. A commonplace book.
doctrinall heads. An English concordance and a topic folio, the gatherings and savings of a sober graduatship, a Harmony and a Catena, treading the constant round of certain common Milton, Areopagitica. topincht (tö-pinch'), v. t. [A sham word, invented by editors of Shakspere as a compound of to-, intensive, + pinch, and defined "to pinch severely." The proper reading is simply to pinch. Instances of to with an infinitive after let occur in Shakspere elsewhere (Hamlet, iv. 6. 11), and instances of to with an infinitive after other verbs with which to does not now usually appear abound in Shakspere and his contemporaries. The prefix to-, on the other hand, was obsolete in Shakspere's time, and it was never used "intensively" in such a sense as 'severely.'] An erroneous form of to pinch. See the etymology.
It is undoubtedly from hence [the Danish language] that the Bride-Favours, or the Top-Knots at Marriages, which were considered as Emblems of the Ties of Duty and Affection between the Bride and her Spouse, have been deBourne's Pop. Antiq. (1777), p. 349. That fine gentleman whose thick topknot of wavy hair and general air of worldly exaltation painfully suggestive to Lyddy of Herod, Pontius Pilate, or the much-quoted Gallio. were ... The great arguments of Christianity against the prac- 2. The subject of a discourse, argument, or lit- erary composition, or the subject of any dis- tinct part of a discourse, etc.; any matter treated of: now the usual meaning of the word. It often happens Rome have both chosen the same topic to flatter their em- that the poet and the senate of peror upon, and have sometimes fallen upon the same thought. Addison, Ancient Medals, i. Deem'st thou not our later time Yields topic meet for classic rhyme? Scott, Marmion, iii., Int.3. In med., a remedy locally applied. Amongst topics or outward medicines, none are more precious than baths. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 418. topknotted (top'not"ed), a. Adorned with Transcendental topic. See transcendental. Syn. 2. bows and topknots. George Eliot, Silas Mar- Theme, Point, etc. See subject. ner, xi. top-lantern (top'lan"tèrn), n. Naut., a large lantern carried in the mizzentop of a flag-ship, from which a light is displayed as a designa- tion on the admiral's ship. topless (top'les), a. [< top1 + -less.] Having no top; immeasurably high; lofty; preëmi- nent; exalted. topical (top'i-kal), a. [< topic + -al.] 1. Of The men of Archenfeld in Herefordshire claimed by He was now intending to visite Staffordshire, and, as he had of Oxfordshire, to give us the natural, topical, politi- cal, and mechanical history. Evelyn, Diary, July 8, 1675. The topical application of the artificial alizarine colours. Workshop Receipts, 2d ser., p. 215.2. Specifically, in med., pertaining or applied to a particular part of the body; local. tophi, n. Plural of tophus. top-honorst (top'on"orz), n. Topsails. [Rare.] As our high Vessels pass their wat❜ry Way, Let all the naval World due Homage pay; With hasty Reverence their Top-honours lower. Was this the face that launched a thousand ships, And burnt the topless towers of Ilium? Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, xiv. Make their strengths totter, and their topless fortunes Unroot, and reel to ruin! Fletcher, Bonduca, iii. 1. Topless honours be bestow'd on thee. Chapman, Blind Beggar of Alexandria. He is robust and healthy, and his change of colour was not accompanied with any sensible disease, either general top-light (top'lit), n. A light kept in the top or topical. Jefferson, Notes on Virginia (1787), p. 120. of a ship for signaling or for the use of the For the most part, however, in this country, physicians topmen. have abandoned severe topical measures, limiting them- top-lining (top'li"ning), n. Prior, Carmen Seculare, 1700, st. 36. Naut.: (a) The selves to antiseptic and soothing applications. tophus (tō'fus), n.; pl. tophi (-fi). [< L. tophus, Austin Flint, Diphtheria (Amer. Cyc.). lining on the after part the topsail, to pretofus, sandstone: see tufa, tuff3.] A concretion 3. Pertaining to or proceeding from a topic, or vent the top-rim from chafing the topsail. (b) of calcareous matter which forms on the car- category of arguments; hence, merely proba per part of the crosstrees on a vessel's top. A platform of thin board nailed upon the uptilaginous surface of the joints, and on the ble, as an argument. pinna of the ear, in gout; a gouty deposit. -ical.] Toplofty. [Colloq., U. S.] toploftical (top'lôf"ti-kal), a. [< toplofty + topi, topee (to-pē′), n. In India, a hat or cap. Evidences of fact can be no more than topical and prob able. Sir M. Hale. -Sola or solar topi. See sola2. topia (to'pi-ä), n. [L., landscape-gardening, landscape-painting, neut. pl. (sc. opera) of *topius, topos, Gr. Tónоs, a place: see topic.] A fanciful style of mural decoration, generally consisting of landscapes of a very heteroge The ecclesiastical [party] who do the toploftical talking, and make the inflammatory speeches in the Tabernacle. The Congregationalist, Dec. 17, 1879. toploftiness (top'lôf'ti-nes), n. The character of being toplofty. [Colloq., U. S.] Conversation... was... ever taking new turns, branch- toplofty (top'lôf"ti), a. Having a high top; neous character, resembling those of the Chi- ing into topical surprises, and at all turns and on every hence, figuratively, pompous; bombastic; intopic was luminous, high, edifying, full. J. Morley, Burke, p. 120. The music-hall with beer and tobacco, the comic man 4. Pertaining to a subject of discourse, com- dance. bawling a topical song and executing the famous clog topics; also, with regard or application to a particular place, spot, subject, etc.
Then let them all encircle him about,
topknot (top'not), n. 1. Any knot, tuft, or crest worn or growing on the head: applied to any egret, crest, or tuft of feathers on the head of a bird, the hair on the top of the human head, any projecting or conspicuous ornament for the head, etc.; specifically, a bow, as of ribbon, forming a part of the head-dress of women in the seventeenth century.
We had that, among other laudable fashions, from London. I think it came over with your mode of wearing high topknots. Farquhar, Love and a Bottle, i. 1.
George Eliot, Felix Holt, xxxviii. 2. A flatfish, Phrynorhombus unimaculatus, or Bloch's topknot, and some related species: so called from a long filament on the head. Some of the topknots are of the same genus as the turbot, as Eckstrom's, Rhombus norvegicus, and Müller's, R. punctatus.
3. One of any of the breeds of domestic hens which have a crest.-Miller's topknot. Same as smear-dab.
flated; pretentious: as, toplofty airs; toplofty speeches. [Colloq., U. S.] top-mall (top'mâl), n. See mall1. topman (top'man), n.; pl. topmen (-men). [< top1 + man.] 1. The man who stands above in sawing; a top-sawyer.-2. Naut., a man stationed to do duty in a top. In a man-ofwar the topmen are divided into fore-, main-, and mizzen-topmen. Also topsman.-3. A merchant vessel, Halliwell.
topmast topmast (top'mast), n. [< top1 + mast1.] Naut., the second mast from the deck, or that which is next above the lower mast-main, fore, or mizzen.-Topmast-shrouds. See shroud2. topmast-head (top'mast-hed), n. The head or top of the topmast.
This sail, which is a triangular one, extends from the topmasthead to the deck. Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 724. top-maul (top'mâl), n. Same as top-mall. top-minnow (top'min"o), n. One of several small ovoviviparous cyprinodont fishes related to the killifishes, as Gambusia patruelis or Zygonectes notatus, both of the United States.
topmost (top'most), a. superl. [< top1 +-most.] Highest; uppermost.
Top-minnow (Gambusia patruelis), male, natural size. Toponeura (top-o-nu'rä), n. pl. [NL., Gr. TÓTоs, place, vɛupov, nerve.] division of Hydrozoa, containing those which are toponeural: distinguished from Cycloneura. The division corresponds to Scyphomedusa. Eimer. toponeural (top-o-nu'ral), a. [< Toponeura +2. Surpassing; towering; preeminent; distinguished. Having several separate marginal bodies ern United States. The male is much smaller than the or sense-organs, as a scyphomedusan; of or female; the brood is brought forth early in the spring. pertaining to the Toponeura; not cycloneural. top-minor (top'mi"nor), n. In rope-making, top-onion (top'un"yon), n. See onion. one of the holes through which the individual toponomy (to-pon'o-mi), n. [< Gr. Tóπоs, place, strands are drawn on the way to the twisting-ovoua, name.] The place-names of a country or district, or a register of such names. The first-named abounds in the fresh waters of the south--al.] machine.
Topographic chart. See chart. topographical (top-o-graf'i-kal), a. [< topographical.] Of or pertaining to topography; of the nature of topography.-Topographical anatomy. See anatomy, and topography, 4.—Topographical surveying. See surveying. topographically (top-o-graf'i-kal-i), adv. In the manner of topography. Fuller, Worthies, Kent.
= topographics (top-o-graf'iks), n. [Pl. of topo- graphic (see -ics).] Topography. Carlyle, Sar- tor Resartus, ii. 8. topographist (to-pog'ra-fist), n. [< topograph-y +-ist.] A topographer. topography (to-pogʻra-fi), n. [<F. topographie Sp. topografía Pg. topographia = It. topo- grafia, LL. topographia, Gr. TоTоуpapía, a de- scription of a place, < Tопоурápоs, describing a place, as a noun a topographer, Tónоç, place, + γράφειν, write.] 1. The detailed description of a particular locality, as a city, town, estate, parish, or tract of land; the detailed descrip- tion of any region, including its cities, towns, villages, castles, etc.
In our topographie we haue at large set foorth and described the site of the land of Ireland.
6387 topolatry (to-pol'a-tri), n. [ Gr. Tóπos, place,
Geraldus Cambrensis, Conquest of Ireland, First Pref. [(Holinshed's Chron., I.). 2. The features of a region or locality collectively: as, the topography of a place.-3. In surv., the delineation of the features, natural and artificial, of a country or a locality.-4. In anat., regional anatomy; the mapping of the surface of the body with reference to the parts and organs lying beneath such divisions of the surface, or the bounding of any part of the body by anatomical landmarks. The best examples of the former case of topography are the divisions of the abdominal and thoracic surfaces by arbitrary lines (see cuts under abdominal and thoracic); of the latter case, the natural bounds of the axilla, the inguen, the poples, Scarpa's triangle, the several surgical triangles of the neck, etc. See triangle. 5. In zool., the determination of those different parts of the surface of an animal which may be conveniently recognized by name, for the purpose of ordinary description of specimens: as, the topography of a bird, a crab, an insect. Good examples are those figured under bird1 and Brachyura. Ordinary descriptive zoology proceeds very largely upon such topography.-Military topography, the minute description and delineation of a country or a locality, with special reference to its adaptability to military purposes.
This little land [Palestine] became the object of a special adoration, a kind of topolatry, when the Church mounted with Constantine the throne of the Caesars.
Macmillan's Mag. topology (to-pol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. Tónоs, place,
The substitution of vague descriptions of dress and arms, toponym (top'o-nim), n. [< Gr. Tónоç, place, + ovoμa, ovvμa, name.] In anat., a topical or topographical name; the technical designation of any region of an animal, as distinguished from any organ: correlated with organonym and some similar terms. See toponymy. Wilder and Gage; Leidy. toponymal (to-pon'i-mal), a. (to-pon'i-mal), a. [< toponym-y+-al.] Of or pertaining to toponymy. Coues. [< toponym-y+toponymic (top-o-nim'ik), a. -ic.] Pertaining to toponymy: as, toponymic terminology.toponymical (top-o-nim'i-kal), a. [< topo- nymic-al.] Same as toponimic. Wilder and toponymy (to-pon'i-mi), n. [<Gr. Tóros, a place, of the position and direction of parts and organs, +ovoua, ovvua, name.] In anat., the designation as distinguished from the names of the parts and organs themselves, which is the province of organonymy; regional or topographical no- menclature; topical terminology.-Extrinsic to- ponymy, the use of descriptive terms based upon the at- posterior, vertical, horizontal, etc. titude of an animal in relation to the earth, as anterior, See the quotation under superior, a., 2.-Intrinsic toponymy, the use of terms referring to regions of the animal itself, regard- less of its habitual posture, as dorsal, ventral, ental, ectal, etc. topophone (topʻō-fōn), n. [<Gг. Tóлоs, a place, by A. M. Mayer, for ascertaining the direction +pwvý, a sound, tone.] An instrument, invented of a bell, whistle, or fog-horn at sea in thick from which any sound proceeds, as the sound weather. It consists essentially of a horizontal bar pivoted at the center so as to turn freely in any direction. At each end of the bar is a resonator opening in the same direction, each connected with a sound-tube for the cor- responding ear of the observer. On moving the bar about, a position will be found in which both resonators face the source of the sound, when the sounds heard through the two tubes will be increased or reinforced. In any other position the sounds will be weakened. The direc tion of the sound when loudest will be at a right angle with the bar.
top-pendant (top pen"dant), n. Naut., a large
There was a boy beaten by a woman not long since for selling a big pottle of strawberries that was rubbish all under the toppers. It was all strawberry leaves, and crushed strawberries, and such like. Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, II. 137. 2. A blow on the head. Hotten. [Slang.]-
topsail (b) Naut., the act of pulling one extremity of a yard or
The pruning-knife-zounds! -the axe! Why, here has been such lopping and topping, I sha'n't have the bare trunk of my play left presently. Sheridan, The Critic, ii. 2.
The mane of that mayn hors much to hit lyke, The tayl & his toppyng twynnen of a sute, & bounden bothe wyth a bande of a brygt grene. Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), L. 191. 3. pl. That which is cut off in topping, as the branches of a tree.-4. pl. That which comes from hemp in the process of hatcheling.-5. The tail of an artificial fly, used by anglers, usually a feather from the crest of the golden pheasant. Sportsman's Gazetteer, p. 599. topping (top'ing), p. a. 1. Rising above all others; loftiest; overtopping.
Ridges of lofty and topping mountains. Derham, Physico-Theol. (Latham.)
The thoughts of the mind are uninterruptedly employed that way, by the determination of the will, influenced by that topping uneasiness as long as it lasts. Locke, Human Understanding, II. xxi. § 38.
I have heard say he [the Governor of Achin] had not less than 1000 Slaves, some of whom were topping Merchants, and had many Slaves under them. Dampier, Voyages, II. i. 141. Of all who have attempted Homer, he [Chapman] has the topping merit of being inspired by him. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 326. 3. Lofty; pretentious; assuming; arrogant. The Friend was a poor little man, of a low condition and mean appearance; whereas these two Baptists were topping blades, that looked high and spake big. T. Ellwood, Life (ed. Howells), p. 291. I have a project of turning three or four of our most topping fellows into doggrel.
Farquhar, Love and a Bottle, iii. 2. 4. Fine; well; excellent. [Prov. Eng.] I don't like her to come by herself, now she's not so terrible topping in health.
T. Hardy, Under the Greenwood Tree, iv. 4. topping-lift (top'ing-lift), n. See lift2. toppingly (top'ing-li), a. [<topping+ -ly1.] 1t. Topping; fine.
These toppingly guests be in number but ten, toppinglyt (top'ing-li), adv. [< topping + -Ty2.] In a topping manner; eminently; fine- ly; roundly. I mean to marry her toppingly when she least thinks of it.
topple (top'l), v.; pret. and pp, toppled, ppr.
Shak., Macbeth, iv. 1. 56. His enemy hath digged a pit in his way, and in he topples, even to the depths of hell. Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 216. 2. To overhang; jut, as if threatening to fall. The toppling crags of Duty scaled It would be an Herculean task to hoist a man to the top
top-proudt (top'proud), a. Proud in the high- est degree. Shak, Hen. VIII., i. 1. 151. top-rail (top'ral), n. Naut., a bar extended on stanchions across the after part of a top. See raill, 4. topright (top'rīt), d. [< top1 + right.] Up- right; erect. His topright crest from crown downe falles, Phaer, Eneid, ix. The rim or edge of a
top-rim (top'rim), n. ship's top. top-rope (top'rop), n. Naut., a rope to sway up a topmast, etc. topsail (top'sal or -sl), n. [< ME. topsayle, top- seyle, toppesaile (= D. topzeil); < top1 + sail.] Naut., a square sail next above the lowest or chief sail of a mast. It is carried on a topsail- yard.
topsail They bente on a bonet, and bare a topte [read toppe?] saile Affor the wynde ffresshely to make a good ffare. Must heer strike top-sails to a Princely Ark Which keeps these Straights. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Furies.
Double topsails, a rig in which the topsail, as formerly carried on square-rigged vessels, is divided horizontally into two sails for ease and convenience of handling. In this rig an additional yard is carried, called the lower topsail-yard, which is slung on the cap of the lower mast instead of being hoisted and lowered, while the upper topsail-yard is hoisted and lowered as are single topsails. The lower topsail is the size of the whole topsail when close-reefed, so that letting go the topsail-halyards at once reduces the sail to a close reef, the clues of the upper topsail being lashed to the lower topsail-yardarms. In large merchant ships the topgallantsails are some. times divided in the same way.- Rolling topsail. See rolling. To furl a topsail in a body. See furl.-Topsail schooner. See schooner.-Topsails overt, heels over head; topsyturvy: sometimes shortened to topsail. Mony turnyt with tene topsayles ouer, That hurlet to the hard vrthe, & there horse leuyt. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), l. 1219. To settle the topsail-halyards. See settle1. topsailt, adv. [ME. topseyle: see topsail, n.] Same as topsails over (which see, under topsail, n.).
And eyther of hem so smer[t]lye smote other That alle fleye in the felde that on hem was fastened, And eyther of hem topseyle tumbledde to the erthe. Rom. of the Cheuelere Assigne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 320. topsail-yard (top'sal-yärd or top'sl-yärd), n. A yard on which a topsail is carried. Compare double topsails, under topsail. top-saw (top'sâ), n. In a sawmill, the upper of two circular saws working together. It cuts through the stuff from above, until it reaches the kerf of the lower saw. It is set a little before or behind the lower
saw, so as not to interfere with it. E. H. Knight. top-sawyer (top'sâ"yer), n. 1. The sawyer who takes the upper stand in a saw-pit. Hence2. One who holds a higher position than another; a chief over others; a superior. [Colloq.]
"See-saw is the fashion of England always; and the Whigs will soon be the top-sawyers." "But," said I, still more confused, "The King is the top-sawyer, according to our proverb. How then can the Whigs be?" R. D. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, xxxvi. 3. A person of consequence or importance; a prominent person. [Colloq.]
A young dandified lawyer, Whose air, ne'ertheless, speaks him quite a top-sawyer. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 56. topse-torvet, topset-torviet, topset-turviet, topset-tirvit, adv. Obsolete forms of topsy
turvy. topseyt, adv. See topsy. top-shaped (top'shāpt), a. Shaped like a top; inversely conical. top-shell (top'shel), n. Any one of the species of the genus Trochus or the family Trochidæ, of a regularly conic figure. Many of these shells are of large size and very handsome; such are often cut and polish- ed to show the exqui- site nacre, and used as parlor-ornaments. See Trochidæ, and also cut under Monodonta. -Perspective top- shell, a perspective-shell; any member of the Solariidæ (for- merly united with Trochida). See cut under Solariida.- Slit top-shells. See slit1, v. t., and cut under Scissurel- topside (top'sid), n. [< top1 + side1.] 1. The top side; the upper part. Usually as two words, top side, except in the specific use (def. 2), and in the expres- sions topside-turned, topside-turvy, topside-turvied, and the phrases following, all being accommodated forms of topsy- turvy (which see). Top-shell (Trochus niloticus). lidæ. 2. Specifically, the upper part of a ship's sides; the side of a ship above the water-line: commonly in the plural. She had not strained a single butt or rivet in her topsides. Sci. Amer. Supp., p. 8777. Topside the other wayt, topside tother wayt, topside turfwayt. Same as topsyturvy, of which these phrases are sophisticated amplifications, suggesting a false derivation.
The estate of that flourishing towne was turned topside the otherwaie, and from abundance of prosperitie and petty Kings.
H. L'Estrange, Reign of K. Charles (ed. 1655), p. 75.
6388 In Bodleian MS. Rawl. Poet. 25 (which is dated 1694-5, and is a copy of a MS. written not later than 1586), on the topside-turvyt, adv. [Also topside-turvey, top syd turvie; an accom. form of topsyturvy.] Same as topsyturvy. Stanihurst, Æneid, ii. At last they have all overthrowne to ground Quite topside turvey. Spenser, F. Q., V. viii. 42. I found nature turned top-side turvy; women changed Addison, Guardian, No. 154. into men, and men into women.
topsman (tops'man), n.; pl. topsmen (-men). [< top-stone (top'stōn), n. 1. A stone that is placed on the top, or which forms the top.
[1889, p. 268.) topsydturvyt, adv. Same as topside-turvy for topsyturvy.
topsyturvyfication the later explanations attempted, nearly in a <top1 + set1 +-turvy (left unexplained). (e) As if orig. top side the other way, topside tother way (so Grose, 1785; Trench, 1855; Wedg- absurd, are given by (f) Skinner (1671) and wood, 1872). Various other explanations, all Bailey (1727), (g) Coles (1677), (h) Miege (1687), (i) Grose (1785), (j) Brewer ("Dict. of Phrase and Fable"). (k) According to Skeat's first supposition ("Etym. Dict.,"ed. 1882; "Con- cise Etym. Dict.," ed. 1882), prob. orig. *top- side turvy (as reflected in the form topside- turvy, above mentioned), i. e. 'with the upper side (put) turfy,' i. e. laid on the earth's sur- face, *turvy standing for turfy. Turfy, how- ever, could not mean 'put on the turf' or 'turned toward the turf." (1) According to Dr. F. Hall (in the "Nation," March 28, 1889, from which article, and from Dr. Hall's book "On Adjectives in -able," some of the above forms are taken), prob. orig. *top so turvy, *top so being parallel to up so in up so down (and *top so turvy being altered to topside-turvey, as up so down to upside down), and *turvy, tervy, being connected with the obs. verb terve, in comp. overterve, fall, tr. throw down, cast, as used in the "strange compound" toppe over terve see terve. (m) A similar view is taken by Skeat ("Etym. Dict.," Supp., 1884, p. 831; "Principles of Eng. Etym.," 1st ser., 1889, p. 428). That is to say, topsyturvy, starting from the earliest recorded form topsy-tervy (1528), is top1 + so1, adv., + *tervy, over- turned, < ME. terven, throw, torvien, throw, < AS. torfian, throw: see terve, torve1, and cf. turf2. This view, assuming that -turvy, -tervy, is an ac- com. form, made to agree terminally with topsy-, for *turved, *terved, pp. of ME. terven, upset, is prob. correct. The eleven other explanations are certainly wrong. The phrase evidently originated in ME., and was prob. confused not also with similar phrases, like topsails over, and, only with the verb terve, toppe-overterve, but elliptically, topsail, upset (to which the peculiar forms topsoltiria, tapsalteerie are prob. in part due: see topsail), and top over tail (see under top1).] Upside down; in reverse of the nat- ural order; hence, in a state of confusion or chaos: formerly sometimes followed by down. He tourneth all thynge topsy tervy. * Roy and Barlow, Rede Me and Be Nott Wrothe (1528, [ed. Arber), p. 51. Now, beholde, all my enterprise bee quite pluckte backe, and my purposes tourned cleane topse-torve. Barnaby Rich, Farewell to Military Life (ed. 1846), p. 29.
topsyturn (top'si-tern), v. t. [Formerly topsi- turn, topsieturn; a back-formation (as if topsy- + turn), < topsyturny: see topsyturny. Cf. top- side-turned.] To turn upside down; throw in confusion. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Schisme. I have such an optimistic faith - and yet it is very hard and wrong. to keep it fresh and strong in the presence of such wick- topsyturviness (top-si-tér vi-nes), n. [< topsy- The state of being topsy- turvy + -ness.] turvy. Athenæum, No. 3245, p. 11. topsyturvy (top-si-tér'vi), adv. [A word which, owing to its popular nature, its alliterative type, and to ignorance of its origin, leading to various perversions made to suggest some plausible origin, has undergone, besides the usual varia- tions of spelling, extraordinary modifications of form. The typical forms, with their varia- tions and earliest known dates, are as fol- lows: (1) Topsy-tervy (1528), topsy-turvy (1530), topsie-turvie (1575), topse torve (1579), topsy turvye (1582), topsie turvy (1599), topsy turvy (1622), tupsie-turvie (1640), topsi-turvy (1670), topsy-turvey (1705). (2) Also, in Sc. forms, with the terminal element capriciously altered, topsoltiria (1623), tapsalteerie (before 1796), tapsie-teerie (1808). (3) Also, with the first element reduced, top-turvye (1582). (4) With the second element omitted, topsey (1664). (5) With the elements transposed, turvy-topsy (be- fore 1687); also, in various other forms simu- lating for the element following top- or top- sy- some apparently plausible etymology- namely, (6) simulating side1 (see topside), top- syd-turvie (1582), topside-turvey (1594), topside- turvy (1713). (7) Simulating turn, topsyturny, spelled topsiturnie (1617), whence the verb topsyturn (1562), topsieturn (1606), topsiturn (1613). (8) Simulating both side1 and turn, topside-turned, adj. (1637). (9) Simulating set1, topset-torvie (1558), topset-turvie (1569), topset tirvi (1573). (10) Deliberately expanded into a form impossible as an independent original, topside the other waie (1586), topside tother way (1656), topside turfway (see under topside). The earlier etymologies, indicated in the above forms, are a part of the history of the word, topsyturvyfication (top-si-tèr"vi-fi-kā'shon), and are accordingly here formally stated, with n. [< topsyturvy + -fij + -ation (see -fy).] "An
His trembling Tent all topsie turuie wheels. Here the winds not only blow together, but they turn the whole body of the ocean topsy-turvy.
Goldsmith, Hyperbole. An' warl'ly cares, an' warl'ly men, May a' gae tapsalteerie, O. Burns, Green Grow the Rashes. topsyturvy (top-si-tèr’vi), a. [<topsyturvy, adv.] Turned upside down; upset; hence, confused; disordered; chaotic. . Tush, man; in this topsy-turvy world friendship and bosom-kindness are but made covers for mischief, means to compass ill. Chapman, Widow's Tears, v. The topsy-turvy commonwealth of sleep. Hawthorne, Seven Gables, i.
topsyturvy (top-si-tèr'vi), n. [< topsyturvy, a. and v.] A topsyturvy condition; great disorder; confusion; chaos.
Insane patients whose system, all out of joint, finds topsyturvy (top-si-tėr'vi), v. t.; pret. and pp. topsyturvied, ppr. topsyturvying. [Formerly also topsyturvey; topsyturvy, adv. Cf. topsy- turn.] To turn upside down; upset. My poor mind is all topsy-turvied.
Richardson, Pamela, II. 40. topsyturvydom (top-si-tėr ́vi-dum), n. [< topsyturvy + -dom.] A state of affairs or a region in which everything is topsyturvy. [Colloq.] Under the heading Topsy-Turvydom, the author says that the Japanese do many things in a way that runs directly counter to European ideas of what is natural and proper. N. and Q., 7th ser., X. 286.
topsyturvyfication upsetting; a turning upside down. [Ludicrous.]
a regular "Valentine" was followed by "Lelia," Thackeray, Paris Sketch-Book, Madame Sand. tor2t, n. torst, n. A Middle English form of tower. topsyturvyfy (top-si-tér'vi-fi), v. t.; pret. and tort, torest, a. [ME. tor, tore, toor, < Icel. tor- pp. topsyturvyfied, ppr. topsyturvyfying. [< top-=OHG.zur-= Goth. tuz-(used only in comp.), syturvy + -fy.] To make topsyturvy. [Col- hard, difficult, = Gr. Sus-, hard, ill: see to-2 and dys-.] 1. Hard; difficult; wearisome; tedious.So mony meruay! bi mount ther the mon fyndez Hit were to tore for to telle of the tenthe dole. Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 719. Thof thai touche me with tene, all these tore harmes. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), I. 2613. 2. Strong; sturdy; great; massive. In this Temple was a tor ymage, all of triet gold,
Vivisection is topsyturvyfied in a manner far from pleasing to humanity.
futtocks. Daily Telegraph, Nov. 26, 1885, p. 2. (Encyc. Dict.) topsyturvyism (top-si-ter'vi-izm), n. [< topsyturvy + -ism.] The habit or state of topsyturviness. Cited by F. Hall in The Nation, March 28, 1889, p. 268. [Rare.] top-tackle (top tak"l), n. Naut., a heavy tackle which is applied to the top-pendant in fidding or unfidding a topmast. toptail (top'tal), v. i. To turn the tail up and the head down, as a whale in diving. top-timber (top'tim"bėr), n. Naut., one of the uppermost timbers in the side of a vessel.-Long top-timber, the timber above each of the first futtocks. Short top-timber, the timber above each of the second top-tool (top'töl), n. A forging-tool resembling a cold-chisel or a short thick spike, held when in use by means of a flexible handle of hazelwood or wire. When its cutting edge is round it is called a top-fuller. toquaket, v. t. [ME. toquaken; < to-2 + quake.] To quake exceedingly. Rom. of the Rose, toquasht, v. t. [ME. toquasshen; <to-2+quash1.] To beat or crush to pieces. Merlin (E. E. T.S.), toque (tok), n. [<F. toque (= Sp. toca - Pg. touca= -It. tocca), a hat, bonnet, prob. < Bret. tok= W. toc, hat, bonnet.] 1. A head-covering formerly worn by men and women-a diminished form of the hat with turned-up brim. It gradually approached the shape of a very small light cap of silk, 1. 2527. iii. 629.
Women's Toques of the 16th century, from portraits of the time. (From "L'Art pour Tous.")
6389 Derbyshire is famous for its giant Tors. The word is applied in Derbyshire to any lofty mass of precipitous rock, just as "scar" is used in Yorkshire. Bradbury, All about Derbyshire, p. 304.
which was surrounded and compressed by a band of twisted silk, or of richer material, in such a way as to give it a slight resemblance to a hat with a brim. Its complete form was reached about 1560. It was generally adorned with a small plume. knot. The Swisse in black velvet toques, led by 2 gallant cavalieres habited in scarlet-colour'd sattin. Evelyn, Diary, Sept. 7, 1651. The ordinary head-dress [at Lha' Ssa] is a blue toque, with a wide rim of black velvet, surmounted with a red Huc, Travels (trans. 1852), II. 149. His velvet toque stuck. upon the side of his head. Motley. (Imp. Dict.) 2. A small bonnet in the shape of a round, close-fitting crown without a projecting brim, worn women in the
Her delicate head, sculpturesquely defined by its toque. Howells, Indian Summer, ii. 3. The bonnet-macaque, Macacus sinensis, so called from the arrangement of the hairs of the head into a kind of toque or cap; also, some similar monkey, as M. pileolatus of Ceylon. See cut under bonnet-macaque.-4. A small nominal money of account, used in trading on some parts of the west coast of Africa. Forty cowries make one toque, and five toques one hen or gallinha Simmonds.
Trowe ye not Troy is tore of all godis? Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3348. torah (to'rä), n. [Also thorah; Heb.] In an- cient Hebrew literature, any decision or in- struction in matters of law and conduct given by a sacred authority; the revealed will of God; specifically, the (Mosaic) law; hence, the book of the law, the Pentateuch. toran (to'ran), n. [< Hind. toran, torana, Skt. torana, an arched gateway, an arch, tur, a collateral form of tar, pass.] In Buddhist arch., the gateway of a sacred rail, in wood or in stone, consisting essentially of an upright or pillar on each side, with a projecting crosspiece resting upon them. Typically there are three of these crosspieces superimposed, and the whole monument is frequently elaborately sculptured. The torans of Bharhut and of Sanchi in Central India are especially elaborate. toratt, v. t. [ME. toratten; to-2 + ratten MHG. ratzen), lacerate, tear.] To tear asun- der; scatter; disperse. Thane the Romayns relevyde, that are ware rebuykkyde, And alle to-rattys oure mene with theire riste horsses. Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2235.Torbane Hill mineral. Same as Boghead coal (which see, under coul). torbanite (tôr'ban-it), n. [< Torbane (Torbane Hill in Linlithgowshire, Scotland) +-ite2.] Boghead coal. See coal. torbernite (tôr'bėr-nit), n. [Named after the Swedish naturalist and chemist Torbern Olof Bergmann (1735-84).] A native phosphate of uranium and copper, occurring in square tabu- lar crystals of a bright-green color, pearly lus- ter, and micaceous cleavage. Also called chal- colite, and copper uranite. torbite (tôr bit), n. [Origin obscure.] The trade-mark name of a preparation of peat, at- tempted to be introduced into general use in Lancashire, England, about 1865. It was made by pulping the peat, molding it into blocks, and then drying it. The material thus prepared was converted into char- coal for smelting purposes, or partially charred for use as fuel for generating steam, or in the puddling-furnace. Many attempts have been made in England, France, and Germany to utilize peat in this way, but their success has
= tor1 (tôr), ". [< ME. tor (torr-), < AS. torr, tor, a high rock, a lofty hill, also a tower, <OW.*tor, a hill, W. tor, a knob, boss, bulge, belly, Ir. torr, tor = Gael, torr, a lofty conical hill, a mound, eminence, heap, pile, tower; cf. W. twr, a heap, pile, tower, =L. turris, a tower: see tower.] A hill; a rocky eminence. The word is especially applied to the rugged and fantastic piles of granite conspic on in These are ragged outcrops left by decay and erosion of the rock, and crown many of the higher points of the moor.
There a tempest hom toke on the torres hegh.
torchwort torch2 (tôrch), v. t. [< F. torcher, wipe, beat a torch.
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4279.
Ere twice the horses of the sun shall bring Their fiery torcher his diurnal ring. FRAR Shak., All's Well, ii. 1. 165. 2. Specifically, one who torches for fish. [U. S.] torchère (F. pron. tôrshar'), n. [F. torchère, torche,torch: see torch1.] A large candelabrum, especially when decorative and made of valuable material, as bronze, rare marble, or the like: when made of wood it sometimes termed (tôrch'Same as
Fair Jessica shall be my torch-bearer. Shak., M. of V., ii. 4. 40. torch-dance (tôrch'dans), n. A dance performed by a number of persons some of whom carry lighted torches. torcher (tôr'cher), n. [< torch +-crl.] 1t. One who gives or provides a bright light, as if bearing a torch. [Rare.]
is gueridon. torch-fishing fishing), n. torching. torching (tôr'ching), n. [Verbal n. of torch1, v.] A method of capturing fish by torch-light at night. It is practised chiefly in the fall, when the fish are abundant. Also called driving and fire-fishing. torchless (tôrch'les), a. [< torch1 +-less.] Lacking torches; unlighted. Byron, Lara, ii. 12. torch-light (tôrch'lit), n. [< ME. torche-light; torch light1.] The light of a torch or of torches.
been small. = See torque.-Bulbous torc. See bulbous. torc, n. torcet, n. An obsolete spelling of torse1. [<ME. torche, <OF. (and F.) torchi (tôrch), n. torche Pr. torcha It. torcia (cf. Sp. antorcha, a torch), ML. tortia, a torch, so called as made of a twisted roll of tow or other material, < L. tortus, pp. of torquere, twist: see tort1. Cf. torce, torsel. 1. A light to be carried in the hand, formed of some combustible substance, as resi- nous wood, or of twisted flax, hemp, etc., soaked with tallow or other inflammable substance; a link; a flambeau.
Loke that ze haue candele, Torches bothe faire & fele. King Horn (E. E. T. S.), p. 91.
Bronze Torchère, 17th cen. (From "L'Art pour
a torch held with the the Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 2. An oil-lamp borne on a pole or other appliance for carrying a light easily and without danger.-Flying torch. See flying-torch.-Inverted torch, tion of life: the emblem of death: with reference extince Greek representation of Death (Thanatos), holding a torch BO reversed.- Plumbers' torch, a large spirit-lamp in torch1 (tôrch), v. i. [< torch1, n.] 1. To fish with the aid of a torch by night. Fisheries of U.S., V. ii. 502. [U.S.]-2. To flare or smoke like a torch; rise like the smoke from a torch: with up: as, how those clouds torch up! Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] the form of a cone.
She brought hym to his bedde with torche light. Generydes (E. E. T. S.), l. 149. Statilius show'd the torch-light. Shak., J. C., v. 5. 2. See Kniphofia. torch-lily (tôrch'lil"i), n. torchon board. A board covered with torchon paper: used by artists for water-color drawing, etc.
torchon lace. See lace. torchon paper. [So named from the F. torcher, rub, cleanse by rubbing, torchon, dish-cloth.] A paper with a rough surface, used for paint- ing on in water-color, and also for mats in pic- ture-framing. See pinel. torch-pine (tôrch'pin), n.torch-race (tôrch'ras), n. In Gr. antiq., a race at certain festivals, in which the runners car- ried lighted torches, the prize being awarded to the contestant who first reached the goal with his torch still burning. In some forms of this race relays of runners were posted at intervals, and the burn- ing torch was passed on from one to the next. Very fre- quently it was associated with the worship of Helios (Apol- lo) or Selene (Artemis), or of some fire-god, as Hephaestus
The horsemen sit like fixed candlesticks, Shak., Hen. V., iv. 2. 46. 1. Wood suitable nous, and much used for fuel on the Florida keys. 4. balsamifera is smaller, very fragrant in burning, used to scent dwellings. In the West Indies the shrub Casearia (Thiodia) serrata of the Samydacea is also so called. The mullen. Comtorchwort (tôrch'wert), n. pare hag-taper.
torcular torcular (tôr kū-lär), n. [< L. torcular, a press used in making wine,< torquere, twist: see tort1.] 1. A surgical instrument, the tourniquet.-2. In anat., the confluence of the venous sinuses in the brain: more fully called torcular Herophili.-Torcular Herophili, in anat., the wine-press of Herophilus, the place in the meninges of the brain, at the internal occipital protuberance, where the sinus of the falx cerebri joins the lateral sinus of the tentorium cerebelli, and other sinuses meet. This confluence of venous currents was supposed to exert some pressure upon the circulation (whence the name). See straight sinus, under sinus.
Tordylium (tôr-dil'i-um), n. 1672), L. tordylion, tordylon, Gr. Topduhov, [NL. (Morison, Tópdužov, an umbelliferous plant, hartwort.] A genus of umbelliferous plants, of the tribe Peu- cedaneæ. It is characterized by conspicuous calyx. teeth, marginal petals frequently enlarged and two-lobed, a hirsute ovary, and a fruit with thick and often rugose margin, inconspicuous ridges, and oil-tubes solitary in their channels, or in a few species numerous. There are about 12 species, natives of Europe, northern Africa, and temperate and central parts of Asia. They are hairy an- nuals, usually bearing pinnate leaves with broad leaflets, or sometimes somewhat cordate undivided leaves. flowers are white or purplish, and form compound umn- bels. The species are known as hartwort (which see). tore1 (tōr). Preterit of tear1. The
tore2 (tōr), n. [Early mod. E. also tor, torre; prob. a particular use of tor1, a hill, prominence (W. tor, a knob, boss, etc.); see tor1.] 1. A projecting knob or ball used as an ornament on furniture, as cradles and chairs.
The Queen came forth, and that with no little worldly pompe, was placed in a Chaire having two faithfull Sup porters, the Master Maxwell upon the one Torre, and Secretary Lethington upon the other Torre of the Chaire. Knox, Hist. Ref. in Scotland, iv. 2. The pommel of a saddle.
A horse he never doth bestride Without a pistol at each side, And without other two before, One at either saddle tore.
Colvil, Mock Poem, i. 41. (Jamieson.) [Obsolete or provincial in both uses.] tores (tōr), n. [Origin unknown; cf. W. tor, a break, cut, tori, break, cut.] The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. [Prov. Eng.] tore1t, a. See tor4. tore5 (tōr), n. [< NL. torus, q. v.] 1. In arch., same as torus, 1.-2. In geom., a surface generated by the revolution of a conic (especially a circle) about an axis lying in its plane. toreador (tor"e-a-dôr′), n. [Also torreador, taureador; Sp. toreador, a bull-fighter, < torear, engage in a bull-fight, < toro, a bull: see steer2.] A Spanish bull-fighter, especially one who fights on horseback. toreavet, v. t. [ME. toreven; < to-2 + reave.] To take away completely. Piers Plowman (C), torelyt, adv. [ME., < tore4, tor4, +-ly2.] With difficulty; hardly; stoutly; firmly. iv. 203.
The Troiens, on the tothir syde, torely with stode, 790.
torett, torettet, n. [ME., also turet, < OF. (and F.) touret, a wheel, reel, spinning-wheel, dim. of tour, a turn: see tour2, turn.] 1. A ring, such as those by which a hawk's lune or leash was fastened to the jesses, or that on a dog's collar through which the leash passed. Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1294.-2. The eye in which a ring turns.
6390 though all hammered work is more strictly called empæs-
yielded very little. toreutics (to-röʻtiks), n. pl. [Pl. of torcutic (see -ics).] See the quotation.
Toreutics, by which is meant sculpture in metals, and
A! lorde, we were worthy Als thou of myght is moste. York Plays, p. 393.Why, death's the end of evils, and a rest Rather than torment: it dissolves all griefs.B..Jonson, Catiline, v. 6. ery; agony. torfaceous (tôr-fa'shius), a. [< ML.*torfa, turfa 4. A state of suffering, bodily or mental; mis- torferet, torfert, n. [ME., also torføyr; <Icel. torfæra, a difficult passage or road, torfærr, hard to pass, tor-, hard, + fara, go, pass: see tor4 and fare1.] Difficulty; trouble. Suche torfoyr and torment of-telle herde I neuere. York Plays, p. 432.Thow arte be-trayede of thi mene, that moste thow on tray- stede.
< That schalle turne the to tene and torfere for ever. torgant, a. Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1956. See targant. torgoch (tor'goch), n. [< W. torgoch, lit. 'red- char, a variety of the common char, Salvelinus belly,' tor, belly,+coch, red.] The red-bellied alpinus, found in mountain lakes in Great Brit- ain; the saibling, as there found. See char4. tori, n. Plural of torus. Torify (to'ri-fi), v. t.; pret. and pp. Torified, ppr. Torifying. [< Tory + -fy.] To make a Tory of. [Humorous.]
He is Liberalizing them instead of their Torifying him. Asia, and northern Africa. They are usually rough an- dim. of toro, a bull: see stecr2.] One of the torillo (to-ril'o), n. [Sp. torillo, a little bull, hemipods, Turnix sylvatica, found in Spain: apparently so called from its pugnacity. See Turnix. Torins (tō-ran'), n. A red wine grown in the department of Saône-et-Loire, France, resem- bling Burgundy of the second class, and keep- ing well. toritt, v. t. [ME. toritten, torytten; < to-2 + rit.] To cleave or tear in pieces.
tormentil This torment of the wheele I find in Aristotle to have been used amongst the ancient Grecians. Coryat, Crudities, I. 11. 3. Hence, anything which causes great pain or suffering; a source of trouble, sorrow, or anguish.
This ring renneth in a maner turet. Chaucer, Astrolabe, i. § 2. toreumatography (to-rö-ma-tog'ra-fi), n. [< Gr. Tópevua(7-), work in relief (ropeve, bore, chase), +-ypapia, <ypápew, write.] A descriptoreumatology (to-rö-ma-tol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. Tópεvμа(7-), work in relief, +-oyia, éyew, speak: see -ology.] The art or technic of ancient art-work in metal. tion of or treatise on ancient art-work in metal. toreutes (tō-rö’tēz), n.; pl. toreutæ (-tē). [<< Gr. TopEUThs, one who works in relief, <ropEVEL, bore, chase: see toreutic.] In antiq., an artist or artisan in metal. toreutic (to-röʻtik), a. [= F. toreutique, < Gr. TOPEVTIKÓS, TOрpɛvεiv, bore, chase, emboss.] In anc. metal-work, chased, carved, or embossed: noting, in general, all varieties of sculptured, modeled, or other art-work in metal. The toreutic art was considered to include casting and the proby duction of designs in relief on a surface of metal by beating out a plate with hammers or punches from behind (repoussé), or by beating it into a mold of wood or metal,
Zaynte Agase, thet mid greate blisse yede to torment alsuo ase hi yede to feste other to a bredale. Ayenbite of Inwyt (E. E. T. S.), p. 166.
Sixteene dayes he travelled in this feare and torment. Capt. John Smith, True Travels, I. 42. How can I tell In any words the torment of that hell That she for her own soul had fashioned? 5. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 151.
6. A tempest; a tornado. In to the se of Spayn wer dryuen in a torment Among the Sarazins. Rob. of Brunne, p. 148. =Syn. 4. Anguish, Torture, etc. See agony. torment (tôr-ment'), v. t. [< ME. tormenten, tourmenten, turmenten, < OF. tormenter, turmenter, tourmenter, F. tourmenter Pr. tormentar, Pg. atormentar) = It. tormentare, < ML. torSp. tormentar (also atormentar mentare, torment, twist,< L. tormentum, torment: see torment, n.] 1. To put to torment, as with the rack or the wheel; torture. turmentar = = He shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels. Rev. xiv. 10.
2. To bring suffering or misery upon; pain; plague; distress; afflict.
Thow dosse bot tynnez thi tyme, and turmenttez thi pople. Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), l. 1954. Raw it is no better then poyson, and being rosted, except it be tender and the heat abated, . . . it will prickle and torment the throat extreamely.
Capt. John Smith, Works, I. 123. A provoking gipsy! to run away, and torment her poor Colman, Jealous Wife, ii. father, that doats on her! 3. To twist; distort. The fix'd and rooted earth, Tormented into billows, heaves and swells. Cowper, Task, ii. 101. The monument of Margaret [of Bourbon] herself is in white marble, tormented into a multitude of exquisite patterns. H. James, Jr., Little Tour, p. 246. 4. To throw into agitation; disturb greatly. [Rare.]
Then, soaring on main wing, Tormented all the air. Milton, P. L., vi. 244. ry, etc. (See tease.) Trouble, Distress, etc. See afflict. Syn. 1. To agonize, rack, excruciate.-2. Plague, Wortormenta, n. Plural of tormentum. tormented (tôr-men'ted), p. a. Tortured; agonized; distorted: occasionally used in the United States as a euphemism for damned: as, not a tormented cent. Lowell, Int. to Biglow Papers. tormenter (tôr-men'tèr), n. [< torment + -er·1.] See tormentor.
Hyre ryche robys sche all to-rytte, torivet, v. t. [ME. toriven; ‹ to-2 + rive1.] To rive in pieces; rend. The king share thrugh his shild with the sharpe ende, tempest), < L. tormentum, an engine for hurl ing stones, a missile so hurled, also an instru- ment of torture, a rack, hence torture, anguish, torment, also a mangle, clothes-press, also a cord, rope, torquere, twist, hurl, throw, rack, L. < torture, torment: see tort1. Cf. torture.] 1t. An engine of war for casting stones, darts, or other missiles; a tormentum. Vitruuius sayth, All turmentes of warre, whiche
tormentful (tôrʼment-fül), a. [< torment + [Rare.] -ful.] Causing great suffering or torment.
Malice, and envy, and revenge are unjust passions, and in what nature soever they are, they are as vexatious and tormentful to itself as they are troublesome and mischievous to others. Tillotson, Sermons, III. 192. (Richardson, Supp.) tile; F. tormentille Pr. tormentilla tormentil (tôrʼmen-til), n. [Formerly tormentormentila til; so called, it Pg. It. tormentilla, < ML. tormentilla, tormentella, also tornilla, tornella, tormenis said, because Sp. to al lay the pain of the toothache, < tormentum, torment: see torment.] A plant, Potentilla Tormentilla, of Europe and temperate Asia. It is a low herb with forking stems, the lower leaves with five leaflets, the upper with three the flowers small, bright-yellow, and having slender
Common Tormentil (Potentilla Tormentilla). Page 4
tormentil usually but four petals. The plant has a thick and woody perennial rootstock, which is highly astringent; it is used in medicine, and also sometimes in tanning. It contains besides an available red coloring matter, used by the Laplanders to dye the skins worn by them as clothing. Also called bloodroot, septfoil, and shepherd's-knot.
This tormentil, whose virtue is to part All deadly killing poison from the heart. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 2. Tormentilla (tôr-men-til'ä), n. [NL. (Tournefort, 1700; earlier in Brunfels, 1530), < ML. tormentilla: see tormentil.] 1. A former genus of plants, now reduced to a section of Potentilla, including those species which have the parts of the flowers in fours. The tormentil belongs to this section.-2. [l. c.] A plant of this subgenus; tormentil.
This single yellow flower. . . is a tormentilla, which is good against the plague. J. H. Shorthouse, John Inglesant, iii. tormentingly (tôr-men'ting-li), adv. In a tormenting manner; in a manner productive of suffering.
He bounst and bet his head tormentingly. Gascoigne, Dan Bartholomew of Bath. The tormentingness (tôr-men'ting-nes), n. quality of being tormenting. Bailey, 1727. tormentiset, n. [ME., < torment, v.] Torment; torture.
6391 tornadet (tôr-nad'), n. [See tornado.] A tor- nado. Bailey, 1727. Inured to danger's direst form, Tornade and earthquake, flood and storm. Scott, Rokeby, i. 8. tornadic (tôr-nad'ik), a. [< tornado + -ic.] Pertaining to, characteristic of, or of the na- ture of a tornado.
Four series of storms of tornadic character have passed over the States east of the Mississippi River since the beginning of the year. Amer. Meteor. Jour., 1.7. tornado (tôr-na'do), n.; pl. tornadoes (-doz). [With the common change of terminal -a to-o, to give the word a more Spanish look (also sometimes tornade), < Sp. (and Pg.) tornada, a return, or turning about (applied appar. at one time by Spanish and Portuguese sailors to a whirling wind at sea), tornar, turn, < L. tornare, turn: see turn. The Pg. name is travado; the Sp. name is turbonada.] A violent squall or whirl wind of small extent.
This Seneca the wyse = Chees in a bath to deye in this manere Rather than han another tormentyse. Chaucer, Monk's Tale, 1. 527. tormentor (tôr-men'tor), n. [<ME. tormentour, turmentour, OF. *tormentour Sp. tormentador, ML. *tormentator (cf. tormentarius), a torturer, tormentare, torment: see torment, v.] 1. One who or that which torments. Especially-(a) One whose office it is to inflict torture; an executioner. Then the lorde wonder loude laled & cryed, & talkez to his tormenttourez: "takez hym," he biddez, "Byndez byhynde, at his bak, bothe two his handez,. Stik bym stifly in stokez."
Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), ii. 154. These words hereafter thy tormentors be! Shak., Rich. II., ii. 1. 136. Louis XI., whose closeness was indeed his tormentor. Bacon, Friendship (ed. 1887). 2. In agri., an instrument for reducing a stiff 3. A long fork used by a ship's cook to take meat out of the coppers.-4. In theatrical use, one of the elaborately painted wings which stand in the first grooves.-5. Same as back-scratcher. Also tormenter. tormentress (tôr-men'tres), n. [< tormentor + -ess.] A woman who torments. Fortune ordinarily commeth after to whip and punish them, as the scourge and tormentresse of glorie and honour. Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxviii. 4. tormentryt, n. [ME. tormentrie; < torment + -ry.] Affliction; distress. If she be riche and of heigh parage,
torpedo II. n. An unruly or unmanageable person. [Prov. Eng. and U. S.] torneamentt, n. An obsolete form of tourna
They were all together in a plumpe on Christmasse-eve Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., VI. 164). tornarian (tôr-na'ri-an), a. [< tornaria +-an.] Of or pertaining to a tornaria; resembling the larva of Balanoglossus. [NL. (Lamarck, Tornatella (tôr-na-tel'ä), n. 1812), < L. tornatus, turned in a lathe, < tornare, turn (see turn), +dim. term. -ella.] The typical genus of the family Tornatellida: same as Actæon. Tornatellidæ (tôr-na-tel'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Tornatella + -idæ.] That family of opisthobranchiate gastropods whose type genus is Tornatella, having a developed spi- Tornatella tor- ral shell: same as Actæonidæ. torn-crenate (tōrn'krē"nāt), a. In bot., crenate in having the margin torn, as certain lichens. torn-down (torn'doun), a. and n. I. a. Rough; riotous; turbulent; rebellious; ungovernable; hence, overpowering of its kind. [Prov. Eng. and U. S.] You know I was a girl onst; led the General a dance of it, I tell you. Yes, a real torn-down piece I was! W. M. Baker, New Timothy, xxxii. natilis.
To soffren hire pride and hire malencolie. Chaucer, Prol. to Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 251. tormentum (tôr-men'tum), n.; pl. tormenta (-ta). [L.: see torment.] 1. Anciently, a kind of catapult having many forms.-2. A light piece of ordnance.-3. A whirligig. Restless as a whirling tormentum. Carlyle, in Froude, Life in London, v. 4. In med., a name formerly applied to obstructive intestinal disorders, probably specifically to intussusception. tormina (tôr'mi-nä), n. pl. [NL., < L. tormina, griping pains, torquere, twist, wrench: see tort. Cf. torment.] Severe griping pains in the bowels; gripes; colic. torminal (tôr'mi-nal), a. Same as torminous. torminous (tôr'mi-nus), a. [< tormina +-ous.] Affected with tormina; characterized by griping pains. [< Gr. τόρμος, a tormodont (tôr'mo-dont), a. hole or socket, + οδούς (οδοντ-) = E. tooth.] Socketed, as teeth; having socketed teeth, as a bird. See Odontotormæ. They differ from recent Carinate birds in degree only, viz, by their tormodont teeth and amphicolous vertebrae. Nature, XXXIX. 178. torn1 (torn), p. a. [Pp. of tear1.] In bot., having deep and irregular marginal incisions, as if produced by tearing; lacerate. torn2 (tôrn), n. 1t. A Middle English form of turn.-2. In her., a bearing representing an ancient spinning-wheel.
ment. tornilla, tornillo (tôr-nil'ä, -o), n. [Mexican tornography (tôr-nog'ra-fi), n. [Irreg. < tor- n(ado) +Gr. -ypapía, ypápe, write.] The de- scription and theory of tornadoes. [Rare.] torobt, v. t. [ME. torobben; to-2+robl.] To steal wholly; take entirely away.
My yoye, myn herte ye all to-robbydd, MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 47. (Halliwell.) torosity (to-ros'i-ti), n. [< torose + -ity.] The state of being torous; muscular strength; mus- cularity. Bailey, 1727. [Native name.] A torotoro (to'rō-to'ro), n. Papuan kingfisher, Syma torotoro. torous (to'rus), a. [L. torosus, full of muscle or flesh, torus, a bulging, a protuberance, muscle: see torus.] Bulging; swelling; mus- cular. Specifically-(a) In bot., cylindrical, with bulges or constrictions at intervals; swelling in knobs at inter- vals. (b) In zool., protuberant; knobbed; tuberculated. Also torose. tor-ouzel (tôr'özl), n. The ring-ouzel. [Dev- onshire, Eng.] Torpedinidæ (tôr-pe-din'i-de), n. pl. [NL., <Torpedo (-din-) +-ida.] A family of batoid fishes, typified by the genus Torpedo; the elec- tric rays, noted for their power of giving shocks by means of a sort of galvanic battery with which they are provided. In this respect the elec- tric rays are peculiar among clasmobranchs, though some fishes of a different class are provided with similar organs (the electric eels and electric catfishes). The torpedoes are large rays, of 6 genera and about 15 species, found in most The trunk is broad and smooth; the tail compara- tively short, with a rayed caudal fin and commonly two rayed dorsals, the first of which is over or behind the ven- trals. The electric organs are a pair, one on each side of the trunk anteriorly, between the pectoral fins and the head. See cuts under torpedo. torpedinoid (tôr-ped'i-noid), a. [< NL. Tor- pedinoidea, q. v.] Of the nature of the elec- tric ray; related or belonging to the Torpedi- noidea. seas.
Torpedinoidea (tôr-ped-i-noi'de-ä), n. pl. [NL., torpedinous (tôr-ped'i-nus), a. [ L. torpedo (-din-), torpedo, +-ous.] Shocking or benumb- ing like a tor- pedo. [Rare.] cl np = Fishy were his eyes, torpedinous was his manner. De Quincey. [(Imp. Dict.) torpedo (tôr- pě dō), n.; pl. torpedoes (-dōz). [For- merly also tor- pædo, torpi- nl Sp. Pg. do; torpedo = It. torpedine (cf. F. torpille It. torpiglia), torpedo, cramp-fish,<L. torpedo, numb- ness, also a torpedo, cramp-fish, < torpere, be- numb: see tor- a Torpedo, its electric apparatus displayed. b, branchia; c, brain; e, electric organ; g, cranium; me, spinal cord; ", nerves to nl, lateral nerves; np, branches pent, torpid.] of pneumogastric to the electric organ; o, eye. 1. A fish of the
genus Torpedo or family Torpedinidæ; an electric ray; a cramp-fish or numb-fish.
Torpido is a fisshe, but who-so handeleth hym shalbe lame & defe of lymmes, that he shall fele no thyng. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 239. The Torpado or Cramp-fish came also to our hands, but we were amazed (not knowing that fish but by its quality) when a sudden trembling seazed on us: a device it has to
torpedo beget liberty, by evaporating a cold breath to stupifie such as either touch or hold a thing that touches it. Sir T. Herbert, Travels (ed. 1638), p. 349. 2. [cap.] [NL. (Duméril, 1806).] The typical genus of the family Torpedinida. It is now restricted to electric rays whose trunk is very broad and disk-like, evenly rounded in front and on the sides, and abruptly contracted at the tail, whose caudal fin is well developed, and which have two dorsals, large separate ventrals, and the skin perfectly smooth. They are large rays, chiefly of Atlantic waters. T. occidentalis, which is found along the Atlantic coast of North America, though not very common there, attains a length of about five feet; it is nearly uniform blackish above, and white below. T. californica, of the opposite Torpedo (Torpedo occidentalis). coast, is a spotted species. 3. An explosive device belonging to either of two distinct classes of submarine destructive agents used in war-namely, torpedoes proper, which are propelled against an enemy's ship, and more or less stationary submarine mines, placed where a hostile vessel would be likely to come within range of their destructive effect. Of the first class, called also offensive torpedoes, there are three principal types: (a) the locomotive or automobile torpedo, which class includes the Whitehead and many other patterns generally designated by the name of the inventor; (b) the towing or otter torpedo; and (c) the spar- or outriggertorpedo. The Whitehead torpedo, or fish-torpedo, may be described as a cigar-shaped vessel from 14 to 19 feet in length, and from 14 to 16 inches in diameter. It is made of steel and divided into three compartments, the forward one carrying the explosive charge with the fuse, to be fired on impact, the middle one containing the mechanism by which its course is adjusted, and the rear compartment containing the reservoir of compressed air and the engine for driving the three-bladed screw by which it is propelled at a speed of from 20 to 30 miles an hour for about 500 yards. It is expected to be a formidable weapon, but thus far the results from its use have not justified the expectations. d f. 8 h
United States Torpedo-boat "Cushing." Whitehead Subaqueous Torpedo. a, body of shell; b, motor operated by compressed air; d, propeller. torpedo-catcher (tôr-pe' do-kach" èr), n. small swift steamer carrying one or more offen- swift steam man-of-war, especially designed to overtake and capture torpedo-boats.torpedoist (tôr-pe'do-ist), n. [< torpedo + -ist.] One who uses or who advocates the use of tor- pedoes. [Recent.]
In other patterns the motive power is supplied by com pressed gas. In several inventions a reel of insulated wire in the stern is paid out as the vessel proceeds, keeping up communication with the shore, and a small flag or staff above water indicates its whereabouts-an electrical apparatus in connection with the reel of wire affording the
a Sims-Edison Torpedo. In this the torpedo a is carried by a float 6, with indicators c which, when elevated as indicated in full outline, show its position. The e and rudder d are sent through the cable &, the steering being performed from the torpedo-station and guided by observation of the indicators; is the , steel blade for severing cables, ropes, or other obstructions. The torpedo may be used by war-vessels, as well as from land-stations, traveling by its own power about 100 feet ahead of the ship, to which it is attached by electric snap-cables. When released it may proceed, at full speed, guided by the pilot, in the direction desired. When passing under an obstruction, such as floating timber, etc., the indicators are pressed backward, as shown in dotted outline, and automatically their position after the obstruction is passed.
6392 with the shore and fired at the pleasure of the operator. under or in.
means of starting, stopping, directing, or firing it. Various forms of towing torpedoes have been devised, of which the best-known is that of Commander Harvey, R. N. This torpedo is towed on the quarter of the attack ing vessel, and is so attached to the tow-line as to pull the line out at an angle with the course of the attacking vessel, which endeavors to maneuver so as to draw the torpedo under the hull of an enemy and explode its charge on contact by a trigger-bolt; but in practice it has not been successful, and in the navies of Great Britain and the United States has been withdrawn from use. The spar- or outrigger-torpedo consists of a metal case containing the explosive (guncotton, gunpowder, dynamite, etc.) and fitted with a fuse so arranged as to explode by means of an electric current or by con act with the hull of an enemy's ship. It is fastened on the end of a spar or outrigger, which may be attached to the bows of a small steam er built on purpose, may be protruded under water from a properly fitted vessel, or may be carried on a spar projecting from the stem or the side of an ordinary man-ofwar. The general leaning seems now to be in favor of automobile torpedoes projected from the bows or side of specially constructed vessels of great speed. Stationary torpedoes, or submarine mines, placed in channels or harbors to prevent the approach of an enemy's vessels, usually consist of a strong water-tight metal case containing an efficient explosive, and having fuses to explode the charge on contact, or being connected by electric wires
If ramming is tried before the enemy is disabled, the The Engineer, LXX. 381.
torpedo-anchor (tôr-pe'dō-ang"kor), n. An an-
[ME.; as torple + -ness.] In torpedo-tube (tôr-pe'dō-tub), n. Same as launch- ing-tube. torpelnesst, n. stability. Galilee speleth hweol, uorte leren us thet we of the worldes torpelnesse, of sunne hweol, ofte gon to schrifte. Ancren Riwle, p. 322. torpent (tôr'pent), a. and n. [< L. torpen(t-)s, ppr. of torpere, benumb. Cf. torpid.] I. Benumbed; numb; incapable of activity or sensibility; torpid; dull; dim. [Rare.] a.
torpor torpescence (tôr-pes'ens), n. [< torpescen(t) +
Nor indeed could we think of a more comprehensive expedient whereby to assist the frail and torpent memory. Evelyn, Calendarium Hortense, Int. II. n. A medicine that diminishes the exertion of the irritative motions. Imp. Dict. [Rare.]
Of gold tenacious, their torpescent soul Clenches their coin, and what electral fire Shall solve the frosty gripe, and bid it flow? Shenstone, Economy, i. torpid (tôr'pid), a. and n. [< L. torpidus, benumbed, torpid, < torpere, be numb, stiff, or torpid.] I. a. 1. Benumbed; insensible; inactive.
Cowper, Task, iii. 468. 2. Specifically, dormant, as an animal in hibernation or estivation, when it passes its time in sleep: as, a torpid snake.-3. Figuratively, dull; sluggish; apathetic.
November dark Checks vegetation in the torpid plant Expos'd to his cold breath.
Now to the church behold the mourners come, Sedately torpid and devoutly dumb.
Crabbe, Works, I. 16. The love of children had never been quickened in Hepzibah's heart, and was now torpid, if not extinct. Hawthorne, Seven Gables, ii. 4. Pertaining to the torpids, or Lent boatraces at Oxford. See II. [Oxford slang.] The Torpid Races last six days.
Dickens's Dict. Oxford, p. 18. II. n. 1. A second-class racing-boat at Oxford, corresponding to the slogger of Cambridge; also, one of the crew of such a boat. [Oxford slang.]
The torpedoist tells us that his weapon (meaning the lo- torpedo-net (tôr-pe'dō-net), n. A network of steel or iron wire hung around a ship and boomed off by spars to intercept torpedoes or torpedo-boats. When not in use it is stopped up alongside the ship. torpedo-netting (tôr-pe'dō-net"ing), n. Same por. as torpedo-net. torpedo-officer (tôr-pe'dō-of“i-sèr), n. One of the line officers of a man-of-war whose special duty it is to supervise and care for the torpe- does and their fittings. torpedo-school (tôr-pe'dō-sköl), n. A govern- ment school for teaching officers and enlisted men of the army and navy the construction and use of torpedoes. In the United States a torpedo-school for the navy has been established at Newport, Rhode Island, and for the army at Willett's Point, New York. torpedo-spar (tôr-pe'dō-spär), n. A wooden or
Our Aryan brother creeps about his daily avocations with the desiccated appearance of a frozen frog, or sits in dormouse torpidity with his knees about his ears. P. Robinson, Under the Sun, p. 94. 2. In zool., a dormant state in which no food is taken; the condition of an animal in hibernation or estivation, when it passes its time in the winter or summer sleep; dormancy.-3. Dullness; sluggishness; stupidity.
Genius, likely to be lost in obscurity, or chilled to torpidity in the cold atmosphere of extreme indigence. V. Knox, Grammar Schools.
torpidly (tôr'pid-li), adv. In a torpid manner; in consequence of numbness, insensibility, or apathy; sluggishly; slowly; stupidly. torpidness (tôr'pid-nes), n. Torpidity; tor
Able to exist in a kind of torpitude or sleeping state without any food. Derham, Physico-Theol., viii. 5. torplet, v. i. [ME. torplen; origin obscure. Cf. torfel. Cf. topple. Hence torpelness.] To fall headlong; topple.
= The thet nappeth upon helle brerde, he torpleth ofte al in er he lest wene. Ancren Rivole, p. 324. torpor (tôr por), n. [= F. torpeur Sp. Pg. torpor It. torpore, L. torpor, numbness, torpere, be numb or torpid: see torpent, torpid.] 1. Loss of motion or sensibility; numbness or inactivity of mind or body; torpidity; torpidness; dormancy; apathy; stupor: as, the torpor of a hibernating animal; the torpor of intoxication or of grief.
It was some time before he [Rip Van Winkle] could get into the regular track of gossip, or could be made to comprehend the strange events that had taken place during his torpor. Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 64. 2. Dullness; sluggishness; apathy; stupidity.
torpor The same torpor, as regarded the capacity for intellectual effort, accompanied me home. Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, Int., p. 39. torporific (tôr-po-rif'ik), a. [L. torpor, numbness, facere, make (see -fic).] Producing torpor; torpifying; stupefying. torquate (tôr'kwat), a. [< L. torquatus, wearing a neck-chain, torques, a neck-chain: see torque.] In zool., ringed about the neck; collared, as with a color, or by the peculiar texture, etc., of hair or feathers about the neck. torquated (tôr'kwa-ted), a. [< torquate +-ed2.] 1. Having or wearing a torque.-2. In zoöl., same as torquate. Torquatella (tôr-kwa-tel'ä), n. [NL., dim. of torquatus, adorned with a neck-chain: see torquate.] The typical genus of Torquatellida, having a plicate and extensile membranous collar, and the mouth with a tongue-like valve or velum. T. typica inhabits salt water. Torquatellida (tôr-kwa-tel'i-de), n. pl. [NL., < Torquatella +-ida.] A family of peritrichous ciliate infusorians, typified by the genus Torquatella. These animalcules are free-swimming, illoricate, and more or less ovate; the anterior ciliary wreath is replaced by a membranous extensile and contractile collar, which is perforated centrally by the oral aperture. torque (tôrk), n. [Also torc; = It. torque tore, <L. torques, torquis, a twisted metal neck-ring a necklace, a collar, torquere, twist: see tort.] 1. A twisted ornament forming a necklace or =
6393 Here was not scorching and blistering, but a vehement and full torrefaction. Bp. Hall, Sermons, xxxviii. torrefy (tor'e-fi), v. t.; pret. and pp. torrefied, ppr. torrefying. [Also torrify; F. torréfier It. *torrefare, < L. torrefacere, dry by heat, < torrere, parch, roast, + facere, make.] To dry or parch with heat; roast.
Torque, with manner of wearing it, from sculptures on the sarcophagus of Vigna Amendola, Capitoline Museum.
Things become, by a sooty or fuliginous matter proceeding from the sulphur of bodies, torrified. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., vi. 12. Bread... toasted hard or torrefied. Quain, Med. Dict., p. 354. Simply torrified and bruised, they [seeds of Theobroma Cacao] constitute the cocoa of the shops. Ure, Dict., I. 569. Specifically-(a) In metal., to roast or scorch, as metallic state desired. torrent = ores. (b) In phar., to dry or parch, as drugs, on a metallic plate till they become friable or are reduced to any [< F. torrent - Pr. torrent (tor'ent), a. and n. Sp. Pg. It. torrente, a torrent; L. torren(t)s, burning, scorching, of a stream, boiling, roaring, rushing, and hence, as a noun, a rushing stream (not, as some explain it, lit. a stream of water that 'dries up' in the heat of summer), ppr. of torrere, dry by heat, parch, Gr. roast (cf. terra for *tersa, 'dry land'), Téрocolaι, become dry, Goth. thairsan, be dry; cf. thaursus, dry, thaurstei, etc., thirst, = Skt. ✓tarsh, thirst: see thirst.] I. a. Rushing in a stream. [Rare.] = =
collar for the neck, particularly one worn by uncivilized people, and of such a make as to retain its rigidity and circular form. Such a collar was considered a characteristic attribute of the ancient Gauls. Also torques.
They [the Gauls] wore collars and torques of gold, necklaces, and bracelets, and strings of brightly-coloured beads, made of glass or of a material like the Egyptian porcelain. C. Elton, Origins of Eng. Hist., p. 115. The Anglo-Saxons habitually wore upon their arms twisted bracelets or torques, or, in their stead, a number of simple bracelets. Encyc. Brit., VI. 465. 2. In mech., the moment of a system-force applied so as to twist anything, as a shaft in machinery.
The torque, or turning moment, is, in a series dynamo, both when used as a generator and when used as a motor, very nearly proportional to the current. S. P. Thompson, Dynamo-Electric Machinery, p. 45. torqued (tôrkt), a. [< OF. torquer, twist, < L. torquere, twist (see torque), + -ed2.] 1. Twisted; convoluted.
A pair of ear-rings of base silver, the large torqued circles of which were closed by a sort of hook and eye. Archæologia, XXXVII. 102.
On this West shore we found a dead fish floating, which had in his nose a horne streight and torquet, of length two yards lacking two ynches. Hakluyt's Voyages, III. 35. 2. Twisted like a rope: said of metal-work.
Fierce Phlegethon, Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage. Milton, P. L., ii. 581.
torrid The poetasters [of the Russian literary world] poured forth their feelings with torrential recklessness. D. M. Wallace, Russia, p. 396. He could woo, he was a torrential wooer. G. Meredith, The Egoist, xlvii. His torrential wealth of words. The American, VIII. 235. torrentiality (to-ren-shi-al'i-ti), n. [< torrentiality.] The character of being torrential. [Rare.] torrentially (to-ren'shal-i), adv. In a torrential manner; copiously; volubly. torrentine (tor en-tin), a. [= OF. torrenten; as torrent +-ineÏ.] Same as torrential. Imp. Dict. A variant of toret. torrett, n. Torreya (tor'i-ä), n. [NL. (Arnott, 1838), named after Dr. John Torrey, 1796-1873, professor of botany at Columbia College, New York.] A genus of conifers, of the tribe Taxeæ, distinguished from the related genus Taxus by the complete or partial attachment of the seed to its surrounding capsule or berry, and by anther-cells being connate in a semicircle. It in
torqued. 3. In her., same as targant. torquened (tôr'kend), a. [Cf. torqued, turken.] In her., same as targant. torques (tor'kwēz), n. [L.: see A Dolphin haurient torque.] 1. Same as torque, 1.2. In zool., any collar or ring around the neck, produced by the color, texture, etc., of the pelage, plumage, or integument. torquett, a. An obsolete form of torqued. torquist, n. [L.: see torque.] A torque. You have noe lesse surpris'd then oblig'd mee by your account of the Torquis, . the most ancient and most akin to it of all that I have seen being a chaine of the same metall of about six hundred yeare old, taken out of Edward the Confessors Monument at Westminster. Samuel Pepys (Ellis's Lit. Letters, p. 211). torreador, n. See toreador. torrefaction (tor-e-fak'shon), n. [< F. torréfaction, L. torrefacere, dry by heat: see torrefy.] The act or operation of torrefying; the state of being torrefied.
Torrent-duck (Merganetta armata), adult male. from the torrents of the streams which they inhabit in the Andes from Colombia to Chili. torrential (to-ren'shal), a. [= F. torrentiel Sp. torrencial; as torrent +-i-al.] 1. Pertain ing to or resembling a torrent; of the nature of a torrent: as, torrential rains.
Torreya taxifolia. 1, branch with male flowers; 2, branch with fruit; a, a male ament. cludes 4 species, 2 natives of China (see kaya) and Japan, the others American-T. taxifolia of Florida and T. Californica of California. They are evergreen trees, with flat, linear, two-ranked leaves resembling those of the yew, but longer, and with a larger ovoid drupaceous fruit, sometimes 1 inches long. The Florida species, often called Torrey-tree or savin, is locally known as stinking cedar (which see, under stink). The western species is the California nutmeg. Torricellian (tor-i-sel'i-an or tor-i-chel'i-an), a. [ Torricelli (see def.) + -an.] Pertaining to Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian physicist and mathematician (1608-47), who, in 1643, discovered the principle on which the barometer is constructed, by means of an experiment called from him the Torricellian experiment. This experiment consisted in filling with mercury a glass tube closed at one end and then inverting it; the open end was then brought under the surface of mercury in a vessel, when the column of mercury in the tube was observed to descend till it stood at a height equal to about 30 inches above the level of the mercury in the vessel, leaving a vacuum at the top, between the upper extremity of the column and that of the tube. This experiment led to the discovery that the column of mercury in the tube is supported by the pressure of the atmosphere acting on the surface of the mercury in the vessel, and that this column is an exact counterbalance to the atmospheric pressure. See barometer.Torricellian tube, a glass tube 30 or more inches in length, open at one end and hermetically sealed at the other, such as is used in the barometer.-Torricellian vacuum, a vacuum such as that produced by filling a barometertube with mercury, as in the Torricellian experiment; the vacuum above the mercurial column in the barometer. torrid (tor'id), a. [< F. torride Pr. torrid=Sp. tórrido Pg. It. torrido, < L. torridus, dry with heat, parched, torrid, < torrere, dry by heat, parch: see torrent.] 1. Parched and dry with heat, especially of the sun; arid; sultry; hot; specifically, noting a zone of the earth's surface. My marrow melts, my fainting spirits fry, In th' torrid zone of thy meridian eye. Quarles, Emblems, v. 15. Through torrid tracts with fainting steps they go. Goldsmith, Des. Vil., 1. 343. 2. Burning; scorching; parching. =
The greater magnitude and torrential character of the rivers of that [glacial] period were no doubt due to the melting during summer of great masses of snow and ice. J. Croll, Climate and Cosmology, p. 116. 2. Produced by the agency of rapid streams, mountain torrents, and the like.
The asar of Sweden are merely the denuded and partially re-arranged portions of old torrential gravel and sand, and J. Geikie, Great Ice Age, xxvii. morainic debris. 3. Figuratively, fluent and copious; voluble; overwhelming.
Apparatus for Torricellian Experiment.
The brandish'd sword of God before them blazed, Milton, P. L., xil. 634.
A tempest hym toke o the torrit ythes [waves], That myche laburt the lede er he lond caght. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), l. 13489. torrock, n. Same as tarrock. torrontes (to-ron'tes), n. [Sp. torrontés (?).] A variety of white grape grown in Spain. Torrubia (to-rö'bi-ä), n. [NL. (Fries, 1828).] A genus of pyrenomycetous fungi, the species of which are now referred to Cordyceps. They are parasitic on insects.
torsade (tôr-sād'), n. [< F. torsade, a twisted fringe, < tors, twisted: see torse.] A twisted or spiral molding, a twisted cord, or other ornament.
White-grub Fungus (Torrubia raveneli).
Some of them hold by the hand little children, who follow loiteringly, with their heads shaven, and on the crown a tuft of hair bound up and lengthened out with torsades Harper's Mag., LXXVIII. 753. See torsel. of red wool.
torsal1 (tôr'sal), n. torsal2 (tôr'sal), a. [< torse1 + -al.] Pertaining to a torse.-Torsal line, in geom., the line along which a plane touches a surface so that the remaining intersection of the surface with the plane is of an order less by only two than the order of the surface. torsel (tôrs), n. [Formerly also torce; < OF. torse, a wreath, twist, wrench, <tors, ‹ L. torquere, pp. tortus, twist: see torch1, tort1.] 1. In her., a heraldic wreath. See wreath.
A very early example of the wreath or torse which supports the crest, consisting of a twisted cord of silk of two colours. Trans. Hist. Soc. of Lancashire and Cheshire, N. S., p. 43. 2. [Cayley, 1871.] In math., a developable. It is the envelop of a singly infinite series of straight lines, each coplanar and therefore cutting the next. The locus of the plane of consecutive lines is the developable, considered as a degraded surface; the locus of the point of intersection of consecutive lines is a skew curve, called the edge of regression. It is a cuspidal line.
If it [the system] be such that each line intersects the consecutive line, then it is a developable or torse. Encyc. Brit., X. 417. torse2 (tôrs), n. [< F. torse, < It. torso: see torso.] A torso.
Though wanting the head and the other extremities, if dug from a ruin the torse becomes inestimable. Goldsmith, Polite Learning, iii. torsel (tôr ́sel), n. [Appar. < OF. *torselle, dim. of torse, a wreath: see torsel.] 1. A small twisted scroll; anything presenting a twisted form.-2. A plate or block of wood introduced in a wall of brickwork for the end of a joist or beam to rest on. Also, corruptly, torsal, tossel, tassal, tassel.
When you lay any timber on brickwork, as torsels for mantle trees to lie on, or lintels over windows, lay them in loam. J. Moxon, Mech. Exercises. torshent (tôr'shent), n. [Origin obscure.] The youngest child and pet of a family. Also abbreviated torsh. [Local, U. S.] torsibility (tôr-si-bil'i-ti), n. [< L. torsus, pp. of torquere, twist, + -ible + -ity (see -bility).] Capability of being twisted.
= = Torsibility of a body is measured in the simplest casethat of a rod or wire-in terms of the angle through which a unit of force, applied at the distance of 1 cm. from the axis of the rod or wire, can twist it. The resistance to torsion is the reciprocal of this angle. A. Daniell, Prin. of Physics, p. 234. torsion (tôr'shon), n. [Formerly also tortion; <F. torsion Pr. torsio Sp. torsion Pg. torsão It. torzione, < LL. tortio(n-), torsio(n-), a twisting, wringing, griping, torture, torment, L. torquere, pp. tortus, twist, wring: see tort1.] 1. The act or effect of twisting; a forcible strain of a solid body by which parallel planes are turned relatively to one another round an axis perpendicular to them. The word is also used, with less propriety, in pure geometry, to signify a similar distortion without any reference to resistance.
The force of torsion is proportional to the angle of torsion. S. P. Thompson, Elect. and Mag., p. 16.
6394 2. A wringing or wrenching, as of pain; a griping; tormina. [Obsolete or archaic.] We find that all have in them a raw spirit, or wind; which is the principall cause of tortion in the stomach. Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 39. Easeth the torsion of the small guts. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1. 3. In surg., the twisting of the cut end of a small artery in a wound or after an operation, for the purpose of checking hemorrhage. The bleeding vessel is seized with a forceps, drawn out for about one fourth of an inch, and twisted round several times till it cannot untwist itself.- Angle of torsion, in geom., the inclination to one another of two consecutive osculating planes to a non-plane curve.-Coefficient of torsion. See coefficient.-Radius of torsion. See radius.-Torsion balance, an instrument for measuring horizontal forces, consisting of an arm hung at its center of gravity from a wire, fiber of silk, or something of the kind. The hori zontal force is so arranged that it shall tend to make the arm revolve and thus twist the wire, and is balanced by the elasticity of the wire and the force of gravity. Coulomb, the inventor of the balance (1736-1806), showed that the angle of torsion, or angle through which the arm is displaced from the position of equilibrium, is proportional to the force, or, in accurate mathematical language, to the twisting moment of the force.-Torsion electrom eter, an electrometer containing a torsion_balance as a part of it. So torsion galvanometer, etc.-Torsion forceps, a forceps for twisting the end of a divided artery to stop its bleeding.-Torsion of the humerus, a seeming twist of the shaft of the human humerus, which appears to have carried the line of the transverse axis of the condyles to an angle with the line of the transverse axis of the head of the bone. It is a deceptive appearance, due to the spiral course of the musculospiral nerve and superior pro: funda artery impressing a spiral groove upon the back of the bone. The idea was conceived to account for the relative position of the axes of the head and condyles. torsional (tôr'shon-al), a. [< torsion + al.] Pertaining to or consisting in torsion; of the nature of torsion; characterized by torsion. Certain breakages of this class may .. be accounted for by the action of a torsional ruptive force on rounding The Engineer, LXIX. 492. torsionally (tôr'shon-al-i), adv. With, by, or through torsion; with respect to torsion. Nature, XLI. 198. torsionless (tôr'shon-les), a. [< torsion + -less.] Free from torsion; not subject to torsion. curves.
The magnetometer M consists of a small circular mirror with two short magnetic needles . . . attached to the back of it and suspended by a single approximately torsionless silk fibre. Philos. Mag., 5th ser., XXVII. 274. torsive (tôr'siv), a. [L. torsus, pp. of torquere, twist (see torsion), + -ive.] In bot., twisted spirally.
torsk (tôrsk), n. [Also, reduced, tusk; < Sw. Dan. torsk Norw. torsk, tosk Icel. thorskr, thoskr=LG. dorsch, > G. dorsch, a codfish, torsk, =LG. dorsch, > G. dorsch, haddock (cf. dorsch).] A gadoid fish, Brosmius brosme, belonging to the subfamily Brosmiinæ of the cod family. It is found in great numbers about the Orkney and Shetland islands, where it constitutes an important article of trade. When salted and dried it is one of the most savory of stock
Torsk (Brosmius brosme), one ninth natural size. fish. It from 30 in head, a long tapering body, with long unbroken dorsal and
anal fin, a rounded caudal fin, and a single barbule under the chin. The color is dingy-yellow above and white be low. Also called cusk and tusk.
torso (tôr'sō), n. [Sometimes torse (< F.); = F. torse, a torso, It. torso, a stalk, stump, hence bust, torso, = OF. tros = Pr. tros = trozo, stem, stump, prob. < OHG. turso, torso, Sp. stalk, stem, MHG. torse, dorsche, cabbagestalk; cf. Gr. Oupoos, rod, staff: see thyrsus.] In sculp., the trunk of a statue, without, or considered independently of, the head and limbs. Torso Belvedere, a torso of a fine Greek statue of a seated Hercules, attributed to the school of Lysippus, and by some believed to be a copy of a work by that master. It is preserved in the Vatican Museum. See cut under abdominal. tort1 (tôrt), n. [= G. Dan. tort, < F. tort = Pr. tort = Sp. tuerto It. torto, < ML. tortum, a wrong, neut. of L. tortus, wrung, twisted, pp. of torquere, turn, turn around, twist, wring, wrench, distort, rack, torment, torture. From the same L. verb are ult. E. tort2 = tart2, tort3, tort4, torque, torsion, torture, torment, etc. For the relation of tort, wrong, to torquere, twist, cf. E. wrong as related to wring; cf. also the Sc. thrawn.] 1t. Wrong; injustice; harm.
The Lyon there did with the Lambe consort, And eke the Dove sate by the Faulcons side; Ne each of other feared fraud or tort.
Spenser, F. Q., IV. viii. 31.
tortile His own sins are guilty of this tort offered to the Son of God. Bp. Hall, Sermons, xxxviii. 2. In law, a wrong such as the law requires compensation for in damages; an infringement or privation of the private or civil rights of a person considered as a private person or an owner. The same act considered in its relation to the state may be a crime.
To constitute a tort, two things must concur- actual or legal damage to the plaintiff, and a wrongful act committed by the defendant. Addison
Tort, as a word of art in the law of England and the United States, is the name of civil wrongs (not being merely breaches of contract) for which there is a remedy by action in courts of common law jurisdiction. It may be said to correspond approximately to the term "delict" in Roman law and the systems derived from it. Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 454. Action of tort, an action the cause or foundation of which is a wrong, as distinguished from an action on contract.-Executor de son tort. See executor.-In tort, by reason of tort; with reference to tort: as, suing in tort. Maritime tort. See maritime.—To count in tort. See count1. tort2t, n.
[< OF. torte, < ML. torta, a cake, tart: see tart2.] A cake. Compare tart2 and torta.
torts+ (tôrt), n. [KL. tortus, a twisting, whirling, a wreath, < torquere, pp. tortus, twist: see tort. Hence ult. tortuous, etc.] A twisting, wrenching, or racking; a griping. [Rare.] The second sight are Wines, the best on earth; . . They 're Phisicall, and good t' expell all sorts Of burning Feauers in their violent torts. W. Lithgow, Travels, v. tort4t, n. [< ME. torte, also tortaye, < OF. torte, < L. tortus, twisted: see tort1. Čf. torch1.] Á candle; a light.
That torches and tortes and preketes con make. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 327. Paris candles, torches, morters, tortayes, sizes, and smalle lightes are mentioned [in "Office of Chaundlerye," pp. 82, 83]. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 326, note. tortɔ̃t, a. [A dial. var. of tart1.] Tart; sharp.
The North Wilts horses and other stranger horses, when they come to drinke of the water of Chalke river, they will sniff and snort, it is so cold and tort. MS. Aubrey's Wilts, p. 53. (Halliwell.) tort (tôrt), a. An erroneous form of taut, simulating tort1.
To-morrow, and the sun shall brace anew In tort vibration to the arrow's flight.
Southey, Thalaba, viii. 12. Yet holds he them with tortest rein. Emerson, The Initial Love. tortot, prep. A Middle English form of toward. torta (tôr'tä), n. [Sp., lit. a cake: see tort2, tart2.] The flat circular heap of ore spread out on the floor of the patio in a cake about 50 feet in diameter and a few inches in thickness, ready for amalgamation in the so-called patio process (which see, under process). torteau (tôr tō), n.; pl. torteaux (-tōz). [Heraldie F., OF. torteau, tortel, a round cake, a roundel, dim. of torte, a round cake: see tort2.] In her., a roundel gules. torteyt (tôr'ti), n. [< OF. torteau: see torteau.] In her., same as torteau. tort-feasor (tôrt'fē”zor), n. In law, a wrongdoer; a trespasser; öne who commits or has torticollar (tôr-ti-kol'är), a. [<L. tortus, twistcommitted a tort. ed,+collum, neck: see collar.] Having a twisted neck; wry-necked; affected with torticollis. Coues. torticollis (tôr-ti-kol′is), n. [NL., < L. tortus, twisted,+collum, neck.] In med., an affection in which the head is inclined toward one or the other shoulder while the neck is twisted so as to turn the chin in the opposite direction; stiffneck; wry-neck. It may be temporary when resulting from muscular rheumatism, intermittent when due to spasm of the muscles of the neck, or permanent when caused by contraction of the sternoclidomastoid muscle of one side.
Sitting on the parapet, and twisting my neck round to see the object of my admiration, I generally left it with a torticollis. Jefferson, To Mme. De Tesse (Works, II. 102). tortil (tôr'til), n. [Cf. tortillé.] A heraldic wreath: an inexact use. Also called bourrelet. tortile (tôr'til), a. [< L. tortilis, twisted, twined or twining, < torquere, twist: see tort1.] 1. Twisted; curved; bent.
2. Specifically, in bot., coiled like a rope: as, a tortile awn.
tortility (tôr-til'i-ti), n. [<tortile +-ity.] The state of being tortile or twisted. tortilla (tor-tē ́lyä), n. [Sp., dim. of torta, a tart: see tort2, tart2] A round cake; specifically, in Mexico, a large, round, thin cake prepared from maize. For this purpose it is first parboiled to cleanse and soften the grain, then crushed into a paste on a flat stone with a stone implement not unlike a rolling-pin, then worked with the hands into a kind of thin pancake, then baked, first on one side and then on the other, on a flat smooth plate of iron or earthenware, this baking being a sort of toasting carried just so far as not to brown the tortilla, which is then served up hot. tortillé (tor-te-lya'), a. [OF., pp. of tortiller, twist, L. torquere, pp. tortus, twist: see tort, and cf. tortil.] In her.: (a) Same as nowed. (b) Same as wreathed. tortillon (F. pron. tôr-te-lyôn'), n. In charcoal-drawing, a kind of paper stump, made of strips of paper rolled so as to form a point. F. Fowler, Charcoal Drawing, p. 12. tortion+ (tôr'shon), n. An obsolete spelling of
torsion. tortious (tôr'shus), a. [Formerly also torteous; a var. of tortuous1.] 1+. Wicked; wrong; base. Than the deuil came vnto man in Paradise, & inticed him (oh, torteouse serpent!) to eat of the forbidden fruite. Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall), I. 36. 2. In law, having the character of a tort. It is as if a civil officer on land have process against one individual and through mistake arrest another; this arrest is wholly tortious. Woolsey, Introd. to Inter. Law, § 200. tortiously (tôr'shus-li), adv. In law, by tort or injury; injuriously. tortive (tor'tiv), a. [< L. tortivus, pressed or squeezed out, torquere, pp. tortus, twist: see tort1.] Twisted; wreathed.
= = As knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, Infect the sound pine, and divert his grain Tortive and errant from his course of growth. Shak., T. and C., i. 3. 9. tortlet, n. An obsolete form of turtle2. tortness (tôrt'nes), n. The state of being tort or taut. See tort4. Bailey, 1727. tortoise (tôr'tis or tôr'tus), n. [Early mod. E. also tortoyse, tortesse; < ME. tortous, tortuce (< AF. *tortuce ?); ME. also tortu, < OF. tortue, tortugue, F. tortue = Pr. tortuga, tartuga OSP, tortuga, tartuga, Sp. tortuga Pg. tartaruga OIt. tartuga, also tartaruga, tarteruga, tarterucca, It. tartaruga (ML. tortuca, tartuga), a tortoise, so named on account of its crooked feet, < L. tortus, twisted: see tort1, and cf. tortue, tortuous. The termination seems to be conformed in E. to that of porpoise, and in Rom., vaguely, to that of L. testudo, tortoise (see testudo). The word has undergone extraordinary variations of form, the latest being that which appears in tortle, now turtle: see turtle2.] 1. A turtle; any chelonian or testudinate; a member of the order Chelonia or Testudinata (see the technical terms). It is not known what species the name originally designated; probably a land-tortoise of southern Europe, as Testudo græca. There is a tendency to distinguish terrestrial chelonians from aquatic ones, the former as tortoises, the latter as turtles; yet tortoise
6395 Heroes tall Dislodging pinnacle and parapet Upon the tortoise creeping to the wall. Tennyson, Fair Women. Alligator-tortoise. Same as alligator-terrapin.-Elephant tortoise, the giant Testudo elephantopus of the Galapagos, the largest living representative of the Testudinida: sometimes also called Indian tortoise and elephant terrapin. See cut under Testudinata.-Sculptured tortoise. See sculptured.- Soft-shelled or soft tortoises. See soft-shelled.-Spotted a common of the United States, Chelopus guttatus.-Wood-tortoise, Chelopus insculptus of the United States. tortoise-beetle (tôr'tis-bē"tl), n. A leaf-beetle of the family Cassidida: so called from the projecting elytra and prothorax, which suggest the carapace of a tortoise. This resemblance is heightened in some cases by the coloration. Several species in the United States feed upon the sweet potato, as Deloyala clavata. See also cuts under Cassida, Coptocycla, Deloyala, and Physonota.-Spiny tortoise-beetles, the Hispida or Hispina. See cut under Hispa. tortoise-flower (tôr'tis-flou"ér), n. A plant of the genus Chelone. tortoise-headed (tôr'tis-hed"ed), a. Having a head like or suggesting a tortoise's: specifically noting the ringed sea-serpent, Emydocephalus
Pupa of Milkweed Tortoise-beetle (Cheli morpha cribraria).
annulatus. tortoise-plant (tôr'tis-plant), n. A South African plant, Testudinaria elephantipes, having a bulky, woody rootstock above the ground, the exterior of which by cracking gains the appearance of a tortoise-shell. This body, from having been used as food, is also called Hottentot's-bread, and its appearance before it is full-grown suggests the name elephant'sfoot. See Testudinaria. tortoise-rotifer (tôr'tis-rō"ti-fer), n. A wheelanimalcule of the family Brachionidæ. tortoise-shell (tôr'tis-shel), n. and a. I. n. 1. The outer shell, or one of the scutes or scales, of certain sea-turtles or marine chelonians, especially of Eretmochelys imbricata, the hawk'sbill turtle, or caret, a species which inhabits tropical seas. These horny scales or plates, which cover the carapace in regular and symmetrical pieces, are a specially thickened epidermis, of beautifully mottled and clouded coloration, and of quite different character from the underlying bones of the shell. Similar epidermal scutes cover most tortoises or turtles, but tortoise-shell is mainly restricted to such as have commercial value. These scales are extensively used in the manufacture of combs, snuff-boxes, etc., and in inlaying and other ornamental work. They become very plastic when heated, and when cold retain with sharpness any form they may be molded to in the heated state. Pieces can also be welded together under the pressure of hot irons. The quality of tortoiseshell depends mainly on the thickness and size of the scales, and in a smaller degree upon the clearness and brilliancy of the colors. The best tortoise-shell is that obtained in the Indian archipelago. It is now largely imitated in horn, and in artificial compounds of much less cost. See cuts under carapace, Chelonia, Eretmochelys, and plastron. 2. A tortoise-shell cat. See II., 2.-3. With a qualifying word, one of certain nymphalid butterflies: so called from the tortoise-shell-like maculation. Aglais milberti is the nettle tortoise-shell, and Vanessa urticæ is the small tortoise-shell. II. a. 1. Made of tortoise-shell.
They only fished up the clerk's tortoise-shell spectacles. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 44. Pretty dears! they used to carry ivory or tortoiseshell combs, curiously ornamented, with them, and comb their precious wigs in public. J. Ashton, Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, I. 144. 2. Mottled with black and yellow: as, a tortoiseshell cat or butterfly. The cat of this name is a mere color-variety of the domestic animal; the insect is a vanessoid, as Vanessa urticæ or V. polychlora.-Tortoise-shell goose. See goose.-Tortoise-shell tiger. See tiger. Tortoise-shell ware, a fine pottery colored with oxid of copper and manganese so that the color penetrates the paste itself, producing a certain resemblance to the marking of tortoise-shell. tortoise-shelled (tôr'tis-sheld), a. Same as tortoise-shell.
A Fresh-water Tortoise (Emys lutaria). shell is fixed as the name of the commercial product of zebra-wood. The brook itself abounding with Tortesses. Sandys, Travailes, p. 160.2. A movable roof formerly used to protect the soldiers who worked a battering-ram. Some- times it was formed by the soldiers holding their shields fat over their heads so as to overlap one another. See testudo.
A tortoise-shelled butterfly. S. Judd, Margaret, ii. 1. tortoise-wood (tôr'tis-wid), n. A variety of A Middle English form of tortoise. tortoust, n. tortozon (tôr'to-zon), n. [Sp.] A large Spanish grape. Tortrices (tor-tri'sez), n. pl. [NL. (Linnæus, 1758), pl. of Tortrix, q. v.] The Tortricidæ as a superfamily of heterocerous lepidopterous insects, including those Microlepidoptera whose larvæ are known as leaf-rollers. The group has to consider these moths as forming simply a family. not been generally adopted, most lepidopterists preferring tortricid (tôr'tri-sid), a. and n. I. a. 1. In entom., of or belonging to the lepidopterous family Tortricidæ, or having their characters.-2. In
tortuosity herpet., belonging to the ophidian family Tortricidæ, or having their characters. II. n. 1. In entom., a moth of the family Tortricidæ.-2. In herpet., a serpent of the family Tortricida; a cylinder-snake. Tortricidæ (tôr-tris'i-de), n. pl. [NL. (Stephens, 1829), < Tortrix (Tortric-) +-idæ.] 1. In entom., a large and wide-spread family of Microlepidoptera; the leaf-roller moths. They are stoutbodied, with wide oblong wings, the costal edge of the fore wings being often sinuate; the antennæ are simple, or finely ciliate and very rarely pectinate; the palpi are erect or porrect and sometimes two or three times as long as the head, which is rough with erect scales; there is a tuft of scales at the end of the abdomen; and the legs are of medium length. Most of the larvae are leaf-rollers, folding or rolling over a part of a leaf and lining the interior with silk; others feed on buds, or live in seeds and fruits, or bore in the stems of plants. A common leaf-roller is Cacæcia rosaceana of the United States. Cacacia rileyana is another leaf-roller on hickory and walnut. A seed-feeder is Clydonopteron tecomæ, which burrows in the seed-pods of the trumpet-creeper; the cosmopolitan codling-moth, Carpocapsa pomonella, is an example of the fruit-borers; the spruce bud-worm, Tortrix fumiferana, represents the budfeeders; and the pine-twig borers of the genus Retinia represent another habit. Pædisca scudderiana has been reared from galls in the stems of goldenrod. The principal subfamilies are Tortricinæ, Conchyline, and Grapholithinæ. Nearly 500 species are known in the United States, and 650 in Europe. See cuts under Tortric and 2. In herpet., a family of cylinder-snakes, or tortricoid ophidians, typified by the genus Tortrix, having rudimentary hind limbs and a very short conic tail. The genera are Tortrix (or Пlysia) and Cylindrophis. tortricine (tôr'tri-sin), a. and n. Same as tortricid. leaf-roller.
tortricoid (tôr'tri-koid), a. In herpet., having the characters of the Tortricoidea. Tortricoidea (tôr-tri-koi'de-a), n. pl. [NL., < Tortrix (Tortric-)+ -oidea.] The cylindersnakes, or tortricoid ophidians, a suborder of angiostomatous Ophidia containing small snakes, with or without anal spurs, with an ectopterygoid bone, a coronoid, and a free horizontal maxillary. There are two families, Tortricida and Uropeltidæ (or Rhinophida). Tortrix (tôr'triks), n. [NL. (Brongniart, 1800), fem. of L. tortor, a tormentor, a torturer, lit. 'twister,' torquere, pp. tortus, twist: see tort1.] 1. In herpet.: (a) The typical genus of Tortricidæ same as Ilysia. T. scytale is the coralsnake of Demerara. (b) [1. c.] A snake of this genus.-2. In entom.: (a) A genus of moths,
B A, Tortrix (Cacacia) infumatana; B, T. (Cacacia) rileyana. typical of the family Tortricidæ. Treitschke, 1829. (b) [l. c.] Any moth of the family Tortricidæ: as, the cherry-tree tortrix, Cacacia cerasi vorana. tortut, tortucet, n. Middle English forms of tortoise. tortuet, a. [ME., < OF. tortu, twisted, crooked, < tordre, twist, bend: see tort1, and cf. tortuous1.] Twisted; tortuous. He bar a dragon that was not right grete, and the taile was a fadome and an half of lengthe tortue. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), il. 206. tortulous (tôr'tu-lus), a. [L. tortula, dim. of torta, a twist, something twisted.] Twisted; in zool., moniliform; resembling a string of beads. tortuose (tôr tu-os), a. [< L. tortuosus, winding: see tortuous1] In bot., irregularly bending or turning in different directions.-Tortuose stem, a stem that is bent in the manner of a flexuose stem, but less angularly, as in Cakile maritima. tortuosity (tôr-tu-os'i-ti), n.; pl. tortuosities (-tiz). [F. tortuosite Pr. tortuositat = Sp. tortuosidad It. tortuosità, Pg. tortuosidade < L. tortuosita(t-)s, crookedness, tortuosus, crooked: see tortuous1.] 1. The state or attribute of being tortuous; tortuousness; crookedness. =
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tortuosity As for the tortuosity of the body and branches, it maketh nothing to the purpose and point in hand. Holland, tr. of Plutarch, p. 562. 2. A twisting or winding; a bend; a sinuosity. Could it be expected . . . that a man so known for impenetrable reticence would all at once frankly unlock his private citadel to an English Editor and a German Hofrath, and not rather deceptively inlock both Editor and Hofrath in the labyrinthic tortuosities and coveredways of said citadel? Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, ii. 10.
tortuous1 (tôr'tū-us), a. [< ME. tortuous, tor- OF. tortuos, F. tortueux = Pr. Sp. Pg. It. tortuoso, < L. tortuosus, full of twists = or turns, winding, tortuous, < tortus, a twisting, winding, whirling, a wreath: see tort3.] 1. Full of twists or turns; winding; hence, crook- 4+. To pull out; stretch; strain. ed; zigzag. Geometers apply the word specifically to curves of which no two successive portions lie in one plane.
The dragon had grete significacion in hymself, the taile that was so tortuouse betokened the grete treson of the peple. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 393.
An antiquated Manor-house of Elizabethan architecture, with its... tortuous chimneys rising above the surrounding trees. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, Pref., p. vi. 2. Oblique: applied in astrology to the six zodiacal signs which ascend most rapidly and obliquely.
Thise same signes fro the heved of Capricorne unto the ende of Geminis ben cleped tortuos signes or kroked signes, for they arisen embelif on oure orisonte. Chaucer, Astrolabe, ii. 28.
3. Figuratively, circuitous; devious; irregular; crooked: especially in a moral sense.
Augustus Cæsar was so little able to enter into any artificial forms or tortuous obscurities of ambitious rhetoric that he could not so much as understand them. De Quincey, Style, i. He came prepared, not only to smite the Netherlanders in the open field, but to cope with them in tortuous policy. Motley, Dutch Republic, III. 373. Tortuous curve. See curve. Syn. 1. Sinuous, serpen. tine, curvilinear, circuitous, indirect, roundabout. tortuous2+, a. An obsolete variant of tortious. tortuously (tôr'tu-us-li), adv. In a tortuous or winding manner. tortuousness (tôr'tu-us-nes), n. The state of being tortuous. Bailey, 1727. torturable (tôr tur-a-bl), a. [< torture +-able.] Capable of being tortured. Bailey, 1731. torturableness (tôr'tur-a-bl-nes), n. The capacity for being tortured. Bailey, 1727. torture (tôr tur), n. [F. torture Pr. Sp. Pg. It. tortura, torture, LL. tortura, a twisting, wreathing, of bodily pain, a griping colic, ML. pain inflicted by judicial or ecclesiastical authority as a means of persuasion, torture, L. torquere, pp. tortus, twist: see tort1. Cf. torment.] 1. The act of inflicting severe pain as a punishment, as a means of persuasion, or in revenge; specifically, the act of inflicting such pain under the orders of a court of justice, royal commission, ecclesiastical organization, or other legal or self-constituted judge or authority, especially as a supposed means of extorting the truth from an accused person or as a commutative punishment (also called specifically judicial torture); the pain so inflicted. The theory was that a guilty person could be made to confess, but an innocent person not, by this means. The infliction of torture upon alleged heretics was practised by ecclesi astical powers, especially in southern Europe, in the later middle ages and down to the eighteenth century, and its infliction upon captured enemies is a common practice among savage peoples.
Torture, which had always been declared illegal, and which had recently been declared illegal even by the ser vile judges of that age, was inflicted for the last time in England in the month of May, 1640.
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., i. Torture, as a part of the punishment, may be regarded as including every kind of bodily or mental pain beyond what is necessary for the safe custody of the offender (with or without enforced labour) or the destruction of his life, -in the language of Bentham, an afflictive as opposed to a simple punishment. Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 460.
2. In general, the act, operation, or process of inflicting excruciating pain, physical or mental. -3. Excruciating pain; extreme anguish of body or mind; agony; anguish; torment.
6396 If thou dost slander her and torture me, Never pray more. Shak., Othello, iii. 3. 368. A secret unrest Tortured thee, brilliant and bold! M. Arnold, Heine's Grave. 2. To punish with torture; put to the torture. Men taken by their enemies were tortured to the point of death, but revived to be tortured again, and killed at last with every refinement of savage cruelty. C. E. Norton, Church-building in Middle Ages, p. 164.
And that deep torture may be call'd a hell When more is felt than one hath power to tell. Shak, Lucrece, 1. 1287. I roll from place to place T' avoid my tortures, to obtain relief, But still am dogg'd and haunted with my grief. Quarles, Emblems, iii. 3. To put to the torture, to torture. Syn. Agony, Anguish, Pang, etc. See agony and list under pangl. torture (tôr'tur), v.; pret. and pp. tortured, ppr. torturing. torture, n.] I. trans. 1. To inflict severe pain upon; pain extremely; torment bodily or mentally.
3. To wrest from the natural position or state; especially, in a figurative sense, to distort; pervert;
This place had been tortured by interpreters and pulled to pieces by disputation. Jer. Taylor.
The bow tortureth the string continually, and thereby holdeth it in a continual trepidation.
Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 137. II. intrans. To cause torture; give exquisite pain.
The closing flesh that instant ceas'd to glow, The wound to torture, and the blood to flow. Pope, Iliad, xi. 986. torturer (tôr’tūr-ėr), n. [<< torture + -er1.] One who tortures, in any sense; especially, one who executed or superintended the execution of torture ordered by a tribunal.
I play the torturer, by small and small
torturingly (tôr'tur-ing-li), adv. So as to torture or torment. Beau. and Fl., Laws of Candy, iii. 2. torturous (tôr'tur-us), a. [< torture + -ous.] Causing torture; pertaining to or characterized by torture.
Shrink up his eyes With torturous darkness, such as stands in hell, < Chapman, Bussy D'Ambois, iv. 1. The spectators who shed tears at the torturous crucifixion. 1. D'Israeli, Amen. of Lit., I. 395. torula (torʼö-lä), n.; pl. torulæ (-lē). [NL., L. torulus, dim. of torus, a swelling, protuberance: see torus.] 1. In bot., a small torus. decumbent sterile hyphae and conidia single or 2. [cap.] A genus of mucedinous fungi, having in a series. About 100 species are known. toruli, n. Plural of torulus. toruliform (tor'ö-li-fôrm), a. [< NL. torula, q. v., + L. forma, form.] Having the form of a torula; moniliform, like a string of beads. toruloid (tor'g-loid), a. [< Torula +-oid.] In bot., pertaining to or resembling the genus Torula. torulose (tor'ö-lōs), a. [<NL. torulus, torula,+ ose.] 1. In bot., diminutively or slightly toelevations or knobs scattered over the surface. rose.-2. In entom.: (a) Having a few rounded (b) Slightly tumid or swelled in one part: as, a torulous (tor'ö-lus), a. [<torula + -ous.] In bot., same as torulose. torulus (tor'ö-lus), n.; pl. toruli (-li). [NL., dim. of L. torus, a swelling, protuberance: see torus.] In entom., the socket of the antenna; a cavity of the head in which the base of the antenna is socketed. torulose antenna. torus (tō'rus), n.; pl. tori (-rī). [< L. torus, tuberance, knot, bulge, a raised ornament, a torum (also erroneously thorus), a swelling, promattress, bed.] 1. In arch., a large convex molding of semicircular profile or a profile of kindred curve, used especially in bases, generally as the lowest member of the base, above W
tory ceptacle of a flower; the more or less enlarged extremity of a stem or floral axis upon which the floral organs are situated. See receptacle, 2 (a), and cut under myrtle.-3. In anat., a smooth rounded ridge or elongated protuberance, as of a muscle; specifically, the tuber cinereum of the brain, or that part of the floor of the third. ventricle which is prolonged downward to form a contracted passage from the cavity of the third zool., some part or organ likened to a torus; speventricle into that of the pituitary body.-4. In cifically, a ventral parapodium of some annelids. Torus angularis, in starfishes, a single ossicle which articulates with the inner edges of a pair of interambulacral plates at the base of the arms, as in brittle-stars. It bears the angular papillæ and palæ. See cut under Astrophyton.
That swerd he [Samuel] vp heof Wide geond tha straten. Layamon, 1. 16703. torve2+ (tôrv), a. [<OF. torve = Sp. Pg. It. torvo, <L. torvus, grim, wild, fierce, stern, in aspect or character. Cf. torvous.] Grim; wild; fierce; stern; of a stern countenance.
But yesterday his breath Aw'd Rome, and his least torved frown was death. Webster, Appius and Virginia, v. 3. torvity† (tôrʼvi-ti), n. [< L. torvita(t-)s, grimness, sternness, < torvus, grim, stern: see torve2.] Grimness; sternness. Bailey, 1731. [< L. torvus, grim, stern: torvoust (tôr'vus), a. see torve2.] Same as torve2. That torvous, sour look produced by anger and hatred. Derham, Physico-Theol., v. 8. Torvulæ (tôi vù-lẽ), n. pl. [NL., dim. of L. torvus, grim, fierce: see torvous.] In bot., same as Mycoderma. tory (tō'ri), n. and a. [< Ir. toiridhe, also toruidhe, toruighe, a pursuer, searcher (hence a plunderer), toirighim, fancy, pursue, search closely. Hence F. Sp., etc., tory.] I. n.; pl. tories (-riz). 1t. Originally, an Irish robber or outlaw, one of a class noted for their outrages and savage cruelty.
And now I must leave the orb of Jupiter, and drop down a little lower to the sphere of Mars, who is termed a tory amongst the stars.
Bishop, Marrow of Astrology, p. 43. (Halliwell.) 3. [cap.] A member of one of the two great British political parties, opposed to the Whigs and later to the Liberals. The precursors of the Tories were the Cavaliers in the civil war period; after the Restoration (1660) the old Cavalier party became the Court party, opposed to the Country party, and to these the terms Tory and Whig were respectively applied by their opponents about 1679: the word was used in reproach, through a desire to identify the n'embers of the Court party with the supporters of alleged paristic measures, in allusion to the Irish outlaws (see def. 1). The Tories supported hereditary divine right and opposed toleration of Dissenters, and after the Revolution of 1688 their radical wing was Jacobite. Later they upheld the authority of the crown (especially in the reign of George III.), and in general in later years they stood out for maintaining the existing order of things in church and state. They opposed the Reform Bill, and about the same time (1832) the name Tory began to be superseded by Conservative. (See conservative, 3.) The word Tory, however, is still in common use.
He who draws his pen for one party must expect to make enemies of the other. For wit and fool are consequents of Whig and Tory; and every man is a knave or an ass to the contrary side.
Dryden, Abs. and Achit., To the Reader. There is hardly a whig in Ireland who would allow a potato and butter-milk to a reputed tory. Swift, Letter, Sept. 11, 1725.
tory The Tory was originally an Irish robber, and the term was applied by Oates to the disbelievers in the Popish plot, was afterwards extended to the Irish Catholic friends of the Duke of York at the time of the Exclusion Bill, and soon became the designation of the whole body of his supporters. Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., i. 4. [cap.] In American hist., a member of the British party during the Revolutionary period; a loyalist. The Tories were very numerous, especially in the Middle and Southern colonies, and many of them took arms for the king. They were frequently severely persecuted, and after the war many of them emigrated to Canada and elsewhere.
Washington will not trust us with the keeping of a suspected Tory, if we let the rascal trifle in this manner with the corps. J. F. Cooper, The Spy, xxix.
5. [cap.] In general, a conservative; one who favors established authority and institutions, especially in a monarchy' or an aristocracy; a person of aristocratic principles, as opposed to a democrat or a radical.
Purrus Ram and Khoom Dass are in attendance, and fear greatly that the party of the Viziers, to whom they are opposed, will hurl them from power, and that the Tories of Bussahir will triumph. W. H. Russell, Diary in India, II. 191. High Tory, an upholder or advocate of an extreme type of Toryism. II. a. Pertaining to or characteristic of tories, in any sense; specifically [cap.], belonging or relating to the Tories: as, a Tory government; Tory principles or measures. See I.
The party led by Sir Robert Peel no longer called itself "Tory," but "Conservative." Contemporary Rev., LI. 4.
toryism (tō'ri-izm), n. [<tory + -ism.] The principles, methods, and practices of tories, in any sense; specifically [cap.], those of the British Tories.
than Nothing would illustrate the subject better. an inquiry into the rise and progress of our late parties, or a short history of toryism and whiggism from their cradle to their grave, with an introductory account of their genealogy and descent. Bolingbroke, Parties, ii. The times have been dreadful, and old families like to keep their old tenants. But I dare say that is Toryism. George Eliot, Felix Holt, viii. Toryminæ (tor-i-mi'nē), n. pl. [NL., < Torymus +ina.] A notable subfamily of parasitic hymenopterous insects, of the family Chalcidida, conspicuous from their brilliant metallic colors and their long ovipositor: originally named as a family Torymidæ by Watson in 1833. They are the commonest parasites of the cynipid and cecidomyidan gall-makers, although some have been reared from the cells of burrowing bees and a few from lepidopterous larvæ. About 200 species are known. Torymus (tor'i-mus), n. [NL. (Dalman, 1820).] A genus of hymenopterous parasites of gallmaking insects, typical of the subfamily Toryminæ.
"Surrender! you servants of King George," shouted the J. F. To ruin utterly; destroy.
[Obsolete or prov. Eng. in both uses.]
Halliwell. The hedges will do; I clipped them wi' my ain hand toshaket, v. t. [ME. toshaken; ‹ AS. tōsceacan, shake to pieces, < tō-, apart, + sceacan, shake: see to-2 and shake.] To shake violently; shake to pieces.
tory-roryt (toʻri-rōʻri), a. [Appar. a varied redupl. of tory.] Wild; boisterous; harum scarum.
Tory Democracy, the principles or views of the Tory
6397 Thinkest thou, for that I insinuate or toaze from thee thy business, I am therefore no courtier? I am courtier cap-a-pe; and one that will either push on or pluck back thy business there. Shak., W. T., iv. 4. 760.
Glad was he to londe for to hye, tosheart, v. t. [ME. tosheren; AS. tōsceran, Rom. of the Rose, 1. 1858.
Lift up your voices, and sing like nightingales, you tory rory jades. Courage, I say; as long as the merry pence hold out, you shall none of you die in Shoreditch. Dryden, Kind Keeper, iv. 1.
What shepe that is full of wulle Upon his backe thei tose and pulle Whyle ther is any thynge to pille.
Specifically-2. To tease (wool). Prompt. Parv., p. 497.
tosca (tos'kä), n. [< Sp. Pg. tosco (fem. tosca), rough, coarse.] A name given in parts of South America, especially near mouth of the La Plata river, and in the region of the pampas generally, to a soft concretionary limestone, having about the consistence of slightly baked clay, and of a dark-brown color. It underlies the 80-called Pampean formation. The name tosca is said also to be applied in parts of southern Italy, and especially in Sicily, to varieties of pumiceous tuffs. In the gold-mining regions of the United States of Colombia the word tosca is also in frequent use as designating a very peculiar rock lying near the surface, and said by some to be of volcanic origin, but not yet scientifically described. It differs very much from the tosca of the Pampean region. toscattert, v. t. [ME. toscateren; ‹ to-2 + scatter.] To scatter in pieces.
Lo, ech thyng that is oned in it selve Is more strong than whan it is toscatered. Chaucer, Summoner's Tale, 1. 261. tose (tōz), v. t. [Also toze, formerly also toaze; < ME. tosen (< ĀS. *tāsan), a common form of tesen, whence mod. E. tease: see tease, and cf. touse.] 1. To pull about or asunder; touse.
I had been deed and al toshent But for the precious oynement. Rom. of the Rose, 1. 1903. [ME. toshiveren, toschiveren; <to-2 + shiver1.] To break in pieces. The knigt spere in speldes al toschiuered. William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3603. toshnail (tosh'nāl), n. A nail driven in aslant, like a tosh. Halliwell. toshredt, v. t. [ME. toshreden, toschreden; < to-2+ shred.] To cut in shreds. The helmes they tohewen and toshrede. Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1751. The state or property tosiness (tōʻzi-nes), n. of being tosy. Also toziness. Tozyness, Softness, like tozed Wooll. Bailey, 1727. toslitert, v. t. [ME. toslyteren; ‹ to-2 + sliteren, freq. of sliten, slit: see slit1.] To make artificial slashes or openings in, as a dress. Wrought was his robe in straunge gise,
Gower, Conf. Amant., Prol.
Rom. of the Rose, 1. 840.
toslivet, v. t. [ME. toṣliven; ‹ to-2 + slive1.] To cleave or split in pieces.
And laiden on with swerdes clere, Helm and scheld that stronge were Thai gonne hem al toschlive. Gy of Warwike, p. 471. (Halliwell.) toslivert, v. i. [ME. toslyveren; ‹ to-2 + sliver.] To split into slivers or small pieces. The noyse of foulis for to ben delyvered So loude rong, "Have don and lat us wende," That wel wende I the wode had al toslyvered [var. toshivered]. Chaucer, Parliament of Fowls, 1. 493. toss (tos), v.; pret. and pp. tossed or tost, ppr. tossing. [Early mod. E. tosse; late ME. tossen; origin unknown: (a) prob. Norse tossa, strew, scatter; (b) otherwise < D. tassen, ‹ F. tasser, heap up, as the waves of a troubled sea tas, a heap (see tass1); for the variation of form, cf. tassel1, tossell). The W. tosio, jerk, toss (tos, a quick jerk, a toss), is not supported by cognate Celtic forms, and is prob. from E.] I. trans. 1. To lift, heave, or throw up with a sudden, impatient, or spirited movement; jerk: as, to toss one's head. Som savage Bull tosses his head on high, Wounds with his hooves the Earth, with horns the sky. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Battle of Ivry. He tossed his arm aloft. Addison, Cato, iv. 4. 2. To jerk or fling to and fro; heave or pitch up and down or from one place to another; tumble or throw about.
Howbeit the wroughte sees tossyd and rolled vs ryght greuously. Sir R. Guylforde, Pylgrymage, p. 73. That we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine. Eph. iv. 14. Islanders, whose bliss Is to be tossed about from wave to wave. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 300. 3. In mining, to separate (ore) from the gangue by stirring (tossing) the slimes with water in a keeve, and then allowing the heavier,
toss valuable parts to settle, this operation being hastened by packing, or striking the sides of the keeve with an iron bar held vertically with one end resting on the ground, an operation which may be continued from a quarter of an hour to an hour. The packing facilitates the separation of the ore by the vibrating motion imparted to the particles. This process is generally done by hand, but sometimes by a mechanical arrangement. It was formerly somewhat extensively employed in the tin-mining districts of Cornwall, England, and has not entirely gone out of
use. 4. To cast; pitch; fling; hurl; specifically, to throw with the palm of the hand upward; throw lightly or carelessly.
I tosse a balle. . . . I had as leve tosse a ball here alone as to play at the tenys over the corde with the. Palsgrave, p. 760. Choler adust congeals our blood with fear, Then black bulls toss us, and black devils tear. Dryden, Cock and Fox, l. 157. Like the old giants that were foes to Heaven They heave ye stool on stool and fling main pot-lids, Like massy rocks, dart ladles, tossing irons And tongs like thunderbolts.
Fletcher, Woman's Prize, ii. 5. One person tosses the halfpenny up, and the other calls at pleasure head or tail.
Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 439. 5. Figuratively, to disquiet; agitate; set in commotion, as by shifting opinions, feelings, circumstances, or influences; disturb; disorder. Was never Lady loved dearer day Then she did love the knight of the Redcrosse, For whose deare sake so many troubles her did tosse. Spenser, F. Q., I. vii. 27. Madly toss'd between desire and dread. Shak., Lucrece, 1. 171. Calm region once, And full of peace, now tost and turbulent. Milton, P. L., ix. 1126. 6. To pass from one to another, as in conversation or discussion; bandy.
Is it such an Entertainment to see Religion worryed by Atheism, and Things the most Solemn and Significant tumbled and tost by Buffoons? • Jeremy Collier, Short View (ed. 1698), p. 138. Then she, who. heard her name so tost about, Flush'd slightly at the slight disparagement. Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. 7. To turn over and over; busy one's self with; turn the leaves of, as a book or lesson. I will to Athens, there to tosse my bookes. Lyly, Euphues, Anat. of Wit, p. 99. Tit. Lucius, what book is that she tosseth so? Young Luc. Grandsire, 'tis Ovid's Metamorphoses. Tit. Soft! see how busily she turns the leaves! Shak., Tit. And., iv. 1. 41. See to toss up, under II.
8. To toss up with. [Colloq.]
To toss the pieman is a favourite pastime with costermongers' boys and all that class. If the pieman win the toss, he receives 1d. without giving a pie; if he lose, he hands over a pie for nothing. Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, I. 206. 9. Same as toss off (a) (which see, below). I mean to toss a can, and remember my sweetheart, afore I turn in. Congreve, Love for Love, iii. 15. 10. To dress hastily or smartly; trick: with out. [Rare.]
I remember, a few days ago, to have walked behind a damsel, tossed out in all the gaiety of fifteen; her dress was loose, unstudied, and seemed the result of conscious beauty. Goldsmith, The Bee, No. 2. To toss in a blanket, to toss (a person) upward from a blanket held slackly at the corners and edges, and jerked vigorously up and down, the person tossed being sometimes thrown as high as the ceiling. This was formerly a favorite form of the expression of popular dislike. It is also practised in schoo among sailors, etc. Compare haze2, v. t., 2, hazing.
toss II. intrans. 1. To jerk or throw one's self about; roll or tumble about; be restless or uneasy; fling. To toss and fling, and to be restless, only frets and enrages our pain. Tillotson.
Sohrab alone, he slept not; all night long He had lain wakeful, tossing on his bed. M. Arnold, Sohrab and Rustum. 2. To be flung or rocked about; be kept in moti
Your mind is tossing on the ocean. Shak., M. of V., i. 1. 8. Tennyson, The Voyage. [Rare.] the side turned up when it falls. To toss up, to throw up a coin, and decide something by tostartt, v. i. [ME. tosterten ; < to-2 + start1.] tosticated, tossicated (tos'ti-, tos'i-ka-ted), a. [A reduction of intoxicated, and confused, in def. 2, with toss, tossed, tost.] 1. Intoxicated. [Colloq.]-2. Tossed about; restless; per- plexed. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.]
He tossed up whether he should hang or drown. The coin fell on its edge in the clay, and saved his life for that time.
were sent to the bat. J. Ashton, Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, II. 35. The catcher of the senior nine tossed up, and the juniors St. Nicholas, XVII. 944. toss (tos), n. [< ME. toss (rare); < toss, v.] 1. A sudden fling or jerk; especially, a quick movement of the head backward or upward. There is hardly a polite sentence in the following dialogues which does not absolutely require some . . . suitable toss of the head. Swift, Polite Conversation, Int. Anon, with toss of horn and tail, They leap some farmer's broken pale. Whittier, The Drovers.
Lordynges, now ye have herd
How Kyng Richard with his maystry Richard Coer de Lion (Weber's Metr. Rom., II. 170). Hasn't old Brooke won the toss, with his lucky halfpenny, and got choice of goals? T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Rugby, i. 5. tossell (tos'l), n. An obsolete or dialectal form of tassell. tossel2 (tos'l), n. In arch., same as torsel. Gwilt. tosser (tos'èr), n. [< toss-er1.] One who or that which tosses: as, a tosser of balls. tossicated, a. See tosticated. tossily (tos'i-li), adv. In a tossy manner; pertly; with affected indifference, ness, or contempt. [Colloq.] She answered tossily enough. Kingsley, Yeast, vii. (Davies.) tossing (tos'ing), n. [Verbal n. of toss, v.] The act or operation of one who or that which tosses; specifically, a mining process (also called chimming) which consists in dressing ores by the method described under toss, v. t., 3. tossment (tos'ment), n. [< toss +-ment.] The act of tossing, or the state of being tossed. Sixteen years tossment upon the waves of this troublesome world.
6398 What is the use of counting on any success of mine? It is a mere toss up whether I shall ever do more than keep myself decently. George Eliot, Middlemarch, lxxxiii. “He'll do,” said the Doctor quietly. "It must have been a toss-up all through the night." R. Kipling, Only a Subaltern. tossy (tos'i), a. [< toss + -y1.] Tossing; especially, tossing the head as in scorn or contempt; hence, affectedly indifferent; pert; contemptuous. [Colloq.]
J. B. Worcester's Apophthegmes, p. 108. (Encyc. Dict.) toss-plumet (tos'plöm), n. [< toss, v., + obj. plume.] A swaggering fellow. Halliwell. toss-pot (tos'pot), n. [Formerly also tospot; < toss, v., + obj. pot1.] A toper; a tippler. After that seuennights fast is once past, then they returne to their old intemperancie of drinking, for they are notable tospots. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 253. A good part he drank away (for he was an excellent toss-pot). Lamb, Two Races of Men. toss-up (tos'up), n. The throwing up of a coin to decide something, as a wager or a choice; hence, an even chance; a case in which conditions or probabilities are equal. [Colloq.]
Argemone answered by some tossy commonplace. Kingsley, Yeast, vii. (Davies.) tossy-tail (tos'i-tāl), adv. Topsyturvy. Halli- well. [Prov. Eng.] tost (tost). Another spelling of tossed, preterit and past participle of toss. tostamente (tos-tå-men'te), adv. [It., <tos to, quick, bold.] In music, quickly; rapidly. 2. Comprising the whole; lacking no member or part; complete; entire. One Day Jove Sent Hermes down to Ida's Grove, Commanding Cupid to deliver His Store of Darts, his total Quiver. Prior, Mercury and Cupid. The total grist unsifted, husks and all. Cowper, Task, vi. 108.Then we dipt in all That treats of whatsoever is, the state, The total chronicles of man.
In erthe, in eir, in water men to-swinke To gete a glotoun deyntee mete and drinke. Chaucer, Pardoner's Tale, 1. 57. tosy (toʻzi), a. [< tose +-y1.] Teased, as wool; hence, woolly; soft. Also tozy. Bailey, 1731. tot1 (tot), n. [< Icel. tottr Dan. tot, a nick name of a dwarf. Cf. tit3.] 1. Anything small or insignificant; especially, a small child: used as a term of endearment. =
Now, Jenny! can there greater pleasure be Than see sic wee tots toolying at your knee? Ramsay, Gentle Shepherd (Works, II. 81). 2. A drinking-cup holding about half a pint; also, a small quantity; especially, when applied to liquor, as much as makes a draught or dram. [Prov. Eng.]
He had no society of any kind, and often found himself pining for the glare of the camp-fires, the fragrant fumes of the "honey dew," and the tot of rum that passed from beard to beard. Whyte Melville, White Rose, II. i. careless-3: A foolish fellow. [Prov. Eng.]
Totted, A Term us'd in the Exchequer, when the foreign E. Phillips, World of Words, 1706. Cf. totes.] 1. To mark (an account or a name) with the word tot: as, to tot an item in a bill. See tot2, n., 1.
totalization Seventeen hundred and twenty-five goes of alcohol in a year; we totted it up one night at the bar. Thackeray, A Night's Pleasure. [Native name.] A monkey:
Sir, ther arn xv. jurores abowe to certifie ye, as many as ye will; but lete these men that be tottid be certified, for thei be the rewleris. Paston Letters, I. 55.2. To count up; add; sum: usually with up. [Colloq.] These totted together will make a pretty beginning of my little project.
= = tota (tō'tä), n. same as grivet. total (toʻtal), a. and n. [<ME. totall, < OF. (and F.) total - Sp. Pg. total: It. totaleG. total, ML. totalis, entire, total (summa totalis, the sum total, the whole amount), < L. totus, whole, entire.] I. a. 1. Pertaining to or constituting undivided. a whole or the whole; being or taken together;
H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, II. 211. (Davies.)
So many there are of them in the Citadell that I think the totall number of them is at the least two hundred. Coryat, Crudities, I. 125. As the total tonnage [of Venetian merchant vessels] is but 26,000, it may be inferred that they are small craft. Howells, Venetian Life, xvi.
Tennyson, Princess, ii. 3. Complete in degree; absolute; unqualified; utter: as, a total change; total darkness.
O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon,
Milton, S. A., 1. 81. It is a temporary, not a total retreat, such as we may leave off or resume. Bp. Atterbury, On Mat. xiv. 23. Summary; concise; curt. 4t.
Do you mean my tender ears to spare, That to my questions you so total are? Sir P. Sidney (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 549). Constructive total loss. See constructive.-Total abstinence, entire abstinence from intoxicants.- Total cause. See cause, 1.-Total curvature, degree, depravity, differential, differentiation. See the nouns. -Total earth. Same as dead earth (which see, under earth1).-Total eclipse, an eclipse in which the whole surface of the eclipsed luminary is obscured.-Total method, ophthalmoplegia, part, residual, term, etc. See the nouns.-Total reflection. See refraction, 1. =Syn. 1-3. Whole, Entire, etc. See complete. II. n. The whole; the whole sum or amount; an aggregate. A tapster's arithmetic may soon bring his particulars to a total. Shak., T. and C., i. 2. 124. total (to'tal), v. t.; pret. and pp. totaled, totalled, ppr. totaling, totalling. [< total, n.] 1. To bring to a total; accumulate; sum; add: sometimes with up.
The sum 365 is correct when totalled; but the mode in which it is obtained is vitiated by two anomalies. N. and Q., 7th ser., XI. 135. Prices, numbers, and dates are all clearly tabulated and totalled up for us. The Engineer, LXV. 467. 2. To reach a total of; amount to.
Dekker, Gull's Hornbook, p. 163. tot2 (tot), n. [L. tot, so much, so many; by totalisation, totaliser, etc. See totalization, some explained as an abbr. of L. totus, or E. etc. total, all. Cf. tot2, v., totes, v.] 1. Originally, totality (to-tal'i-ti), n. [= F. totalité = Pr. so many; so much: formerly written opposite totalitat Sp. totalidad Pg. totalidade = It. an item in an account to indicate that the debt totalità, < ML. totalita(t-)s, < totalis, total: see was good. The full expression is given as tot total.] 1. The state or character of being a pecuniæ regi debetur, so much money is due to total; entirety. the king. 1 =
86 small craft, . . . totalling 500 tons, were built of wood. The Engineer, LXV. 6. totalist, n. [ML. totalis, in summa totalis, the sum total: see total.] The sum total; the whole amount.
Cast your eye only upon the totalis, and no further; for to traverse the bill would betray you to be acquainted with the rates of the market.
There was no handle of weakness to take hold of her by ; she was as unseizable, except in her totality, as a billiardball. O. W. Holmes, Professor, iii. 2. That which is total; a whole; an aggregate. We must love him with all our heart, mind, and soul; with a threefold totality. Rev. T. Adams, Works, III. 256. It is absolutely impossible to explain a living or, indeed, a self-efficient totality of any kind by means of the aggregation of elementary constituents or forces. E. Montgomery, Mind, IX. 370. 3. In astron., the period during which an eclipse is total; the time of total obscuration.
totalization (tō"tal-i-zā ́shọn), n. The coppery hue after the commencement of totality was of a duller tint than usual. Athenæum, Feb. 4, 1888, p. 150. [< totalize + -ation.] The act or process of totalizing, or the state of being totalized. Also spelled totalisation.
zer. totalize (to'tal-iz), v.; pret. and pp. totalized, ppr. totalizing. F. totaliser = Sp. totalizar; as total +-ize.] I. trans. To make total; reduce to totality, as by adding or accumulating.
The rise of the totalised (i. e. integrated) potential round the armature can be measured experimentally. S. P. Thompson, Dynamo-Elect. Mach., p. 53. II. intrans. To use the totalizer in betting. The totalising system has been flourishing ever since at the German and Austrian race-meetings. St. James's Gazette, June 14, 1887. (Encyc. Dict.) Also spelled totalise. totalizer (to'tal-i-zėr), n. [< totalize + -er1.] An apparatus, used at horse-races, which registers and indicates the number of tickets sold to betters on each horse. Also called totaliser, totalizator, and totalisator.
Under the heading of "The totalisator at Hobart," the Australasian writes as follows: the click, click of the totalisator was distinctly heard as each speculator invested his pound. Philadelphia Daily News, April 10, 1886. totally (to'tal-i), adv. As a total; completely; entirely; wholly; utterly. There is no conception in a man's mind which hath not at first, totally or by parts, been begotten upon the Hobbes, Leviathan, i. organs of sense. totalness (to'tal-nes), n. Entireness. Bailey, 1727.
6399 but the African words which have come into E. use through Southern negroes are few and doubtful (buckra is one example), and do not include verbs.] To carry or bear, especially in the arms, on the shoulders, or on the back, as a burden or load. [Southern U. S., colloq. or provincial; also in humorous use in the North and West.]
I should also like to know how much a man can tote, how much a woman can tote, and how long a time, without resting, the toting may go on. Science, XI. 242. The bullies used to maltreat the weaker ones, make them tote more than their share of the log, pound them, and beat them, and worry them every way on earth. The Century, XL. 224. toteart, v. t. [ME. toteren, < AS. tōteran, tear Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.), p. 201. That it is grisly for to here hem swere; Our blissed lordes body they totere.Chaucer, Pardoner's Tale, 1. 12. His breech was all to-torne and jagged. Spenser, F. Q., V. ix. 10.
totanine (tot'a-nin), a. Of or pertaining to the Totanina: as, the totanine and scolopacine divisions of the snipe family; a totanine bird. Totanus (tot'a-nus), n. [NL., ML. totanus (OIt. totano), a kind of moor-hen.] A genus of birds of the family Scolopacidæ, including some of the best-known sandpipers, tattlers, telltales, gambets, or horsemen, as the redshank, greenshank, yellowshank, and wood-sandpiper. Several are common British species: the greenshank, or green sandpiper, T. ochropus; the wood-sandpiper, T. glareola; the redshank, T. calidris; the spotted redshank, T. fuscus. In North America the best-known are the greater and lesser yellowshanks, T. melanoleucus and T. flavipes. The genus formerly contained all the Totanine (which see). See cuts under greenshank, redshank, and yellowshank. totara (to-tä'rä), n. [Maori.] A coniferous tree, Podocarpus Totara, the most valuable timber-tree of New Zealand. It grows 60 or 70 feet high, with a diameter of from 4 to 6 feet. The wood is of a reddish color, close, straight, fine, and even in grain, moderately hard and strong. It is used both for veneers, furniture, and cabinet-work, and for building, and is invaluable for piles of marine wharves, bridges, etc., being durable in the ground or under water, and resisting a long time the attacks of the teredo. It was used by the natives to make their smaller canoes, and the bark served for roofing. Also mahogany-pine.
2. To disturb violently; agitate.
tot-book (tot'bük), n. A book containing tots or sums for practice. Encyc. Dict. [Eng.] totel (tōt), v. An obsolete or dialectal form of tootl. tote2+ (tōt), v. An obsolete form of toot2. totes (tot), n. [< L. totus, all: see total.] The entire body, or all: as, the whole tote. [Colloq.] totes (tot), v.; pret. and pp. toted, ppr. toting. [< tote3, n. Cf. tot2.] I. trans. Same as tot2. I have frequently heard in Lincolnshire the phrase "come, tote it up, and tell me what it comes to." N. and Q., 2d ser., VIII. 338. II. intrans. To count; reckon.-To tote fair, to act or deal fairly; be honest. [Southern and western U. S.] tote (tot), n. [totel, in orig. sense 'protrude.' Cf. tots.] The handle of a joiners' plane. totes (tot), v. t.; pret. and pp. toted, ppr. toting. [Origin unknown; usually said to be an African word, introduced by Southern negroes;
totehill, n. Same as toothill. Totaninæ (tot-a-ni'ne), n. pl. [NL., < Totanus totelert, n. A Middle English form of tittler. +-inæ.] A subfamily of Scolopacidæ, corre- tote-load (tot'lōd), n. As much as one can tote sponding to the genus Totanus in a broad sense, or carry. Bartlett. [Southern U. S.] but containing a number of other modern gen- totem (to'tem), n. [Amer. Ind.; given as era; the tattlers. They are found all over the world, in "Massachusetts Indian wuhtohtimoin, that to great abundance of individuals and numerous species. The which a person or place belongs" (Webster's chief distinction from the true snipes or Scolopacinæ lies in Dict.); Algonkin dodaim (Tylor); Algonkin the bill, which is relatively shorter, harder, and less sensitive, and usually slenderer, with a more ample rictus. The otem, with a prefixed poss. pron. nt'otem, my legs are longer, and usually denuded above the suffrago, family token.] Among the Indians of North America, a natural object, usually an animal, so that the lower end of the tibia is bare of feathers. The feet are more or less semipalmate. They are noisy, restless birds, inhabiting marshes, swamps, and wet woodland and meadows. The yellowshanks, willet, and solitary and spotted sandpipers of the United States are good examples. One of the most wide-spread and notable is the wandering tattler, Heteroscelus incanus or evipes. Also called Totaneæ, as a group ranking lower than a subfamily, and formally contrasted with Tringeæ. See Totanus, and cuts under Bartramia, greenshank, redshank, Rhyacophilus, ruff, semipalmate, tattler, Terekcia, Tringoides, Tryngites, willet, and yellowshank.
With his chere and lokynge al totorn, For sorwe of this, and with his armes folden. Chaucer, Troilus, iv. 358.
totipalmation In Australia we hear of a medicine-man whose clan totem totem, begins and ends with the individual man, and is J. G. Frazer, Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 471. totemic (to-tem'ik), a. [< totem + -ic.]
same cause. C. Elton, Origins of Eng. Hist., p. 300. In the interesting pages on Egyptian religion, Mr. Lang defends his view that the worship of animals was at any rate in part a survival of totemism, and that the custom of representing the elemental gods as animals was due to the Classical Rev., II. 250. totemist (to'tem-ist), n. [< totem +st.] One designated by a totem; a member of a totem clan. A. Lang, Myth., Rit., and Religion, II. 71. totemistic (to-te-mis'tik), a. Same as totemic. Encyc. Brit., XVII. 169. totemy (tō'tem-i), n. [< totem +-y3.] Same as totemism. Anthrop. Jour., XVIII. 53. toter1t, n. An obsolete form of tooter2. toter2 (to'ter), n. A fish: same as hog-sucker. tote-road (tot'rōd), n. A road over which anything is toted. [U. S.]
The theory of the wide distribution of Totemism among the nations of the ancient world (especially among the Greeks) is due to Mr. J. F. M'Lennan, who first explained it in the "Fortnightly Review," 1869, 1870.
Its forests are still so unbroken by any highways, save the streams and the rough tote-roads of the lumber crews, that this region cannot become populous with visitors. Scribner's Mag., VIII. 496. tother (turH'er), indef. pron. [A form arising from a misdivision of that other, ME. also thet other, as the tother. So tone, in the tone, for that one, thet one (see tone2). Tother is often written t'other, as if it were a contraction of the other.] Other originally and usually preceded by the, See with the tone in the preceding clause. the etymology, and compare tone2. And the tother Hond he lifteth up azenst the Est, in tokene to manace the Mysdoeres.
Totem Posts, Canadian Pacific Coast. assumed as the token or emblem of a clan or family, and a representation of which served as a cognizance for each member of it; hence, a more or less similar observance and usage among other uncivilized peoples. See totemism. The representation of the totem borne by an individual was often painted or figured in some way upon the skin itself, and upon his different garments, utensils, etc. The totem was also, in a sense, an idol or the embodied form of a deity or demon, or at least had a religious significance. [The word is often used attributively, as in totem clan, totem kin, totem post, etc.]
And they painted on the grave-posts Longfellow, Hiawatha, xiv. It is not only the clans and the sexes that have totems; individuals also have their own special totems, i. e., classes of objects (generally species of animals) which they regard as related to themselves by those ties of mutual respect and protection which are characteristic of totemism. This relationship, however, in the case of the individual
Mandeville, Travels, p. 9. Ffor right dedely the tone hatid the toder. Generydes (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2337. How happy could I be with either, Were t'other dear charmer away. Gay, Beggar's Opera, ii. 2. totidem verbis (tot'i-dem vèr'bis). [L., in so many words: totidem, just so many (< tot, so many,+ demonstrative suffix-dem); verbis, abl. pl. of verbum, word: see verb.] In so many words; in the very words. totient (to'shient), n. [< L. toties, so many, < tot, so many, + accom. term. -ent.] The number of totitives of a number; when used without qualification, the number of numbers at least as small as a given number and prime to itthat is, having integral no common factor with it except 1. Thus, the totient of 6 is 2, because 1 and 5 are the only whole numbers as small as 6 and having no common factor with it except 1. toties quoties (to'shi-ez kwō'shi-ēz). [L.: toties, so often (< tot, so many); quoties, as often (<quot, how many).] As often as one, so often the other.
totilert, n. Same as tittler. Totipalmatæ (to"ti-pal-ma'tē), n. pl. [NL., fem. pl. of totipalmatus: see totipalmate.] The full-webbed or totipalmate birds, all whose four toes are united by three webs into a palmate foot. Now commonly called Steganopodes. [< NL. totipalmate (to-ti-pal'mat), a. and n. totipalmatus, L. totus, all, entire, + palma, palm (of the hand), sole (of the foot): see palm1.] I. a. all four Having full-webbed; steganopodous: said of the parts themselves, as well as of the birds; belonging to the order Totipalmatæ. See also cut under Phaethon. toes Totipalmate Foot of Pelican.
II. n. A totipalmate bird. totipalmation (tō"ti-pal-mā'shon), n. [< totipalmate + -ion.] Complete palmation or full webbing of a bird's foot by three ample webs connecting all four toes, as of one of the Totipalmata: a leading character of that order of birds: correlated with palmation, 2, and semi
totipalmation palmation. See cuts under Phaethon and totipalmate. totipresencet (to-ti-prez'ens), n. [< ML. *totipræsentia, omnipresence, <*totipræsen (t-)s, omnipresent: see totipresent.] The fact of being present throughout a portion of space without being extended.
A totipresence throughout all immensity amounts to the same as omnipresence.
sion. totitive (tot'i-tiv), n. [< L. tot, so many, + toto cælo (to'to se'lō). [L.: toto, abl. neut. of totus, whole; cælo, abl. of cælum, cœlum, the sky, heavens: see celestial.] By the whole heavens; as far apart as the poles; hence, diametrically opposite.
tot-o'er-seas (tot'ōr-sēz), n. A bird, the her ring-spink. totorvet, v. t. [ME. totorvien; to-2 + torve1.] To throw about; dash to pieces. the al to-toruion mid stane. Ac me the sculde nimen and al to-teon mid horse other Old Eng. Homilies (ed. Morris), I. 9. tot-quot+ (tot'kwot), n. 1. A general dispensation.
What profits they have drawn unto themselves also by the sale of great bishoprics, prelacies, promotions, benefices, tot-quots, pardons, pilgrimages, confessions, and purgatory. Bp. Bale, Images, Both Churches, xviii.
A. Tucker, Light of Nature, III. xii. 2. totipresent (to-ti-prez'ent), a. [< ML. *toti- præsen(t-)s, omnipresent, L. totus, all, + præsen (t-)s, present: see presentl.] Present tottle (tot'l), v. i. Same as toddle. [Local, Eng.] throughout a portion of space without exten- tottlish (tot 'lish), a. [< tottle + -ish1.] Totter- ing; trembling; unsteady; insecure. [U.S.] I find I can't lift anything into this canoe alone-it's so tottlish. Harper's Mag., LXXIX. 116. totty (tot'i), a. [< ME. toty; cf. totter1.] Wa- Myn heed is toty of my swynk to-night. Chaucer, Reeve's Tale, 1. 333. I was somewhat totty when I received the good knight's blow, or I had kept my ground under it. Scott, Ivanhoe, xxxii. toty1t, a. A Middle English variant of totty. name.] In some parts of the Pacific, a sailor toty2 (to'ti), n.; pl. toties (-tiz). [A native 5. To bring into contact. or a fisherman. Simmonds. totyngt, n. An old form of tooting, verbal noun of toot1.
2. pl. An abuse of annates or first-fruits by which, upon the promotion of an ecclesiastic, he was called upon to pay to the papal treasury the first-fruits not merely of his new preferment, but of all other livings which he happened to hold with it. In this manner annates were paid over and over again for the same living, and sometimes twice and thrice in one year. Roger Hutchinson's Works (Parker Soc., 1842), Index. totreadt, v. t. [ME. totreden; to-2 + tread.] To tread in pieces.
Develes that shullen al to-trede hem withouten respit and withouten ende. Chaucer, Parson's Tale. totter1 (tot'er), v. [< ME. toteren, totren, older *tolteren (> E. dial. tolter, struggle, flounder, Sc. tolter, a., unstable), < AS. tealtrian, totter, vacillate (D. touteren, tremble; cf. touter, a swing), <tealt, unstable; cf. tilt1. For the relation of totter to tolter, cf. tatter1 (totter2) as related to *talter.] I. intrans. 1. To stand or walk unsteadily; walk with short vacillating or unsteady steps; be unsteady; stagger. 'Twas his, with elder brother's pride, Matilda's tottering steps to guide. Scott, Rokeby, iv. 11.
6400 Totternhoe stone. A subdivision of the Lower It consists of a somewhat silicious chalk with some glauconitic grains. The name is derived from Tot- ternhoe in Bedfordshire, England. tottery (tot'er-i), a. [totter1 +-y1.] Trem-
totter-grass (tot ér-grås), n. The quaking totteringly (tot'er-ing-li), adv. In a tottering manner. George Eliot, Middlemarch, lxxi.
mance When I looked up and saw what a tottery it was, I concluded to give them a wide berth. T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, I. vi.
toucan (tö-kän' or tö'kan), n. [In Charlton 2. [cap.] A small constellation of the south-
Toucanet (Selenidera maculirostris). = One of the smaller toucans, as any species of Selenidera. S. maculirostris is a good example. boat much used at Malacca and Singapore, protoucang (tö-kang), n. [E. Ind.] A kind of pelled either by oar or by sail, speedy, rather flat in the center, but sharp at the extremities. touch (tuch), v. [< ME. touchen, towchen, <OF. toucher, tocher, F. toucher Pr. tocar, tochar, toquar Sp. Pg. tocar It. toccare, prob. OTeut. *tukkon, represented by OHG. zucchen, zukken, MHG. zucken, zücken, G. zucken, zücken, draw with quick motion, twitch (an intrusive formation from ziehen), Goth. tiuhan OHG. ziohan, etc., AS. teón, draw: see teel, and cf. tuck1 and tick1.] I. trans. 1. To perceive (an object) by means of physical contact with it; especially, to perceive (an object) by bringing the hand into contact with it; hence, to perceive (an object) by bringing something held in the hand (as a cane or a pointer), or otherwise connected with the body, into contact with it. = Nothing but body can be touch'd or touch.
touch Surely never lighted on this orb, which she hardly seemed to touch, a more delightful vision. Burke, Rev. in France. 3. To come in contact with: literally or figuratively.
Creech. 2. To be in contact with; specifically, in geom., to be tangent to. See tangent.
The conqueror at this game [stool-ball] is he who strikes
Shelley, Queen Mab, iii. Many of the Arabs will not allow the left hand to touch food in any case. E. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians, I. 180. 4. To be near or contiguous to; impinge or border upon; hence, to come up to; approach; reach; attain to; hence, also, to compare with. I have touch'd the highest point of all my greatness. Shak., Hen. VIII., iii. 2. 223. By his command Have I here touch'd Sicilia. Shak., W. T., v. 1. 139. Mr. William Peer distinguished himself particularly in two characters, which no man ever could touch but himself. Steele, Guardian, No. 82. Wasn't he always top-sawyer among you all? Is there one of you that could touch him or come near him on any scent? Dickens, Oliver Twist, xliii.
Touch but my lips with those fair lips of thine. Prior, Down-Hall, st. 43. 6. To bring the hand, finger, or the like into Esther drew near and touched the top of the sceptre. Esther v. 2. Then, with his sceptre that the deep controuls, He touch'd the chiefs, and steeled their manly souls. Pope, Iliad, xiii. 88. Every person who is touched on either side in the chase is sent to one or other of these prisons, where he must remain till the conclusion of the game,
Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 145. From the time of Edward the Confessor to Queen Anne, the monarchs of England were in the habit of touching those who were brought to them suffering with the scrofula, for the cure of that distemper. O. W. Holmes, Med. Essays, p. 3. 7. To handle; meddle with; interfere with. Therfore the Soudan hathe do make a Walle aboute the Sepulcre, that no man may towche it. Mandeville, Travels, p. 76. When he went, there was committed to his care a rundlet of strong water, sent to some there, he promising that upon his life it should not be touched.
Winthrop, Hist. New England, I. 291. 8. To lay hands on for the purpose of harming; hence, to hurt, injure, annoy, or distress.
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touch 12. Of a musical instrument, to cause to sound; play usually applied to instruments that are sounded by striking or twanging, but extended to others.
Touch thy instrument a strain or two. Shak., J. C., iv. 3. 257. I'll touch my horn. Massinger, Guardian, ii. 4. 13. To perform on an instrument, as a piece of music.
A person in the royal retinue touched a light and lively Scott. air on the flageolet.
14. To paint or form by touches or strokes as of a pen or brush; mark or delineate by light touches or strokes, as an artist.
Such heavenly touches ne'er touch'd earthly faces. Shak., Sonnets, xvii. The lines, though touch'd but faintly, are drawn right. Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 22. 15. To improve or finish, as a drawing, by adding a stroke here and there, as with a pen, pencil, or brush; retouch: usually with up. What he saw was only her natural countenance, touched up with the usual improvements of an aged Coquette. Addison, Freeholder, No. 44. My impression [of an engraving] is unequal, being faint in some parts, very dark in others. If the plate was worn, it has been touched afterwards. N. and Q., 7th ser., X. 118. 16. To take, as food, drink, etc.; help one's self to; hence, to partake of; taste.
The life of all his blood Is touch'd corruptibly. Shak., K. John, v. 7. 2. Thou canst not touch my credit; Truth will not suffer me to be abus'd thus. Fletcher (and Massinger?), Lovers' Progress, iii. 6. 18. To impair mentally in some slight degree; affect slightly with craziness: used chiefly in the past participle.
Madam, you see master's a little-touched, that's all. Twenty ounces of blood let loose would set all right again. Vanbrugh, Confederacy, v. 2. Pray mind him not, his brain is touch'd. Steele, Lying Lover, v. 1. 19. To attack; hence, to animadvert upon; take to task; censure; reprove; ridicule.
Sur Water Hungerfo and his brother hathe touched me in iij thinges, but I wolde in no case have ye douches to knowe them for geving hur grefe. Darrell Papers (1570) (H. Hall, Society in Elizabethan Age, [App., ii.).
B. Taylor, Northern Travel, p. 43. 21. To fall upon; strike; affect; impress. If.. any air of music touch their ears, You shall perceive them make a mutual stand. Shak., M. of V., v. 1. 76. What of sweet before Hath touch'd my sense flat seems to this. Milton, P. L., ix. 987. 22. To affect or move mentally or emotionally; fill with passion or tender feeling; affect or move, as with pity; hence, to melt; soften.
He is touch'd His heart is touch'd, sure, with remorse. Fletcher, Wife for a Month, iv. 1. Tremendous scene! that gen'ral horror gave, But touch'd with joy the bosoms of the brave. Pope, Iliad, xiii. 435. 23. To make an impression on; have an effect on; act on.
6401 The quarrel toucheth none but us alone. Shak., 1 Hen. VI., iv. 1. 118. These statutes touched high and low. J. Gairdner, Richard III., i. 26. To swindle; cheat; act dishonestly by: as, to touch one's mate. [Slang, Australia.]-To touch bottom, to reach the lowest point, especially in price; have the least value.-To touch elbows. See elbow. To touch off. (a) To sketch hastily; finish by a few rapid touches or dashes.
Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 16. I made a little voyage round the lake, and touched on the several towns that lie on its coasts. Addison, Remarks on Italy (Works, ed. Bohn, I. 510). Whenne the Sonne is Est in tho partyes, toward Paradys If the antiquaries have touched upon it, they have im- Addison. mediately quitted it.The attitude and bearing of the law in this respect, on which I intend to touch in quite general terms. Nineteenth Century, XXVI. 841. As soon as he hath touched on any science or study, he 20. To sting; nettle, as with some sharp speech. immediately seems to himself to have mastered it. Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, I. v. You teach behaviours! Whenever she touch'd on me This brother had laugh'd her down. Beshrew me, but his words have touch'd me home. Ford, Perkin Warbeck, ii. 1. Our last horses were so slow that the postilion, a handsome, lively boy, whose pride was a little touched by my remonstrances, failed, in spite of all his efforts, to bring us to the station before seven. Tennyson, Maud, xix. 6. cap. [Thieves'
Its face must be ... so hard that a flle will not touch it. J. Moxon, Mech. Exercises.
I was upon this whispered, by one of the company who sat next me, that I should now see something touched off to a nicety. Goldsmith, Clubs. (b) To discharge, as a cannon.-To touch one on the raw. See rawi. To touch the gums, in med., to cause incipient salivation by giving mercury.-To touch the wind (naut.), to keep the ship as near the wind as possible. To touch up. (a) To repair or improve by slight touches or emendations; retouch: as, to touch up a picture. (b) To remind; jog the memory of. [Colloq.]Touched bill of health. See bill of health, under bill3. -Touching the ears. See earl.-Touch me not. See touch-me-not.-Touch pot, touch penny, a proverbial phrase, signifying no credit given. "We know the custom of such houses," continues he; "'tis touch pot, touch penny." 33 Graves, Spiritual Quixote, iii. 2. (Davies.) II. intrans. 1. To be in contact; be in a state of junction, so that no appreciable space is between: as, two spheres touch only in one point.
With that the quene was wroth in hir maner, Thought she anon this towchith me right ner. Generydes (E. E. T. S.), 1. 560.
And also Pole, which ys xxx myle from Parence, a good havyn, ffor many Shippys and galyes towche ther rather thanne at Parence.
As the text doth rise, I will touch and go a little in every place. Latimer, 1st Sermon bef. Edw. VI., 1549. (b) Naut., to graze the bottom with the keel for a mo. ment, as a vessel under sail, without lessening of the speed. To touch on or upon. See def. 5.-Touch and See paper. No decree of mine 24. To influence by impulse; impel forcibly. touch (tuch), n. [<ME. touche; touch, v.] 1. Or touch with lightest moment of impulse His free will. Milton, P. L., x. 45. 25. To affect; concern; relate to.
Strong waters touch upon silver. 10. Naut., of the sails of a square-rigged vessel, to be in such a position that their weather- leeches shake from the ship being steered so close to the wind. To touch and go. (a) To touch lightly or briefly and pass on; dip in or stop for a mo. ment here and there in course.
touch body that are freely movable, especially in the tips of the Taste, touch, and smell, pleased from thy table rise. By touch, sweet pleasure and sharp pain we try. Sir J. Davies, Immortal. of Soul, xviii. Touch is .. the sense by which mechanical force is appreciated, and it presents a strong resemblance to hear. ing, in which the sensation is excited by intermittent pressures on the auditory organ.
Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 478. All the senses are but modifications of touch. W. Wallace, Epicureanism, p. 96. 2. Mental or moral feeling; moral perception or appreciation.
Can it be
3. Contact. • Never touch [was] well welcome to thy hand
4. Figuratively, a close relation of mutual confidence, sympathy, interest, or the like; sympathy; accord or harmony in relation to common interests: as, to be out of touch with the times; to keep in touch with the people.
The European in Morocco feels that when he is in com. pany with a Barbary Jew he is in touch with Europe. The Academy, June 1, 1889, p. 371. We want, with our brethren of the working class, that which we have largely lost-the Church I fear not less than those who are outside of it- that expressive thing which we call touch. New Princeton Rev., II. 47. 5. Pressure, or application of pressure; impact; a slight stroke, tap, push, or the like: often used figuratively.
They [the Australians] pray to the Deuill, which hath conference with an Indian vnseene, from a peece of wood; and to him and all the rest many times by night he toucheth the face and breast with cold touches, but they could neuer learne what he was. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 864.
A little touch of their adversary gives all that boisterous force the foil. B. Jonson, Alchemist, To the Reader. Vineyards red with the touch of October. The grapes were gone, but the plants had a color of their own. H. James, Jr., Little Tou p. 173. 6. A slight or brief sound.-7. The impression conveyed to the mind by contact or pressure; effect on the sense of contact with something; feel: as, an object with a slimy touch.-8. A jog; a hint; a reminder; a slight experience.
The king, your master, knows their disposition very well; What strained touches rhetoric can lend. Shak., Sonnets, lxxxii. It tutors nature; artificial strife 10. Figuratively, something resembling a light stroke or touch. (a) A tinge; a smack; a trace: as, a touch of irony. No beast so fierce but knows some touch of pity. Shak., Rich. III., i. 2. 71. An insight into mechanics is desirable, with a touch of statistics. Lamb, Old and New Schoolmaster. While the air has no touch of spring, Bird of promise! we hear thee sing. Bryant, Song Sparrow. (b) A shade; a trifle; a slight quantity or degree. Madam, I have a touch of your condition, Which cannot brook the accent of reproof. Shak., Rich. III., iv. 4. 157. Bell was a touch better educated than her husband. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, iv. (c) A taint; a blemish; a defect; an impairment. How great a touch and wound that manner.. is to his Reputation. Sir R. Winwood, Memorials, I. 448. This touch in the brain of the British subject is as certainly owing to the reading newspapers as that of the Spanish worthy above-mentioned to the reading works of chivalry. Steele, Tatler, No. 178. (d) A slight attack or stroke; a twinge; a pang; a feeling: as, a touch of rheumatism.
Give me a rose, that I may press its thorns, and prove myself awake by the sharp touch of pain! Hawthorne, Seven Gables, x.
touch (e) A momentary manifestation or exhibition; an indication; a view; a peep; a glimpse.
6402 22. In ship-building, the broadest part of a plank worked top and butt, or the middle of a plank worked anchor-stock fashion; also, the angles of the stern-timbers at the counters.23. In magnetism, the magnetization of a steel Generydes (E. E. T. S.), l. 1401. bar or needle by repeated contact with one or Now, as touching things offered unto idols. 11. A trait or feature; a prominent or outstand- describe different methods.-24. In bell-ring- touch or move the passions; feelingly; affectmore magnets: single, double, and separate touch touchingly (tuch ́ing-li), adv. In a manner to ing quality or characteristic. ing, a partial series of changes.-25. Same as toccata. [Rare.]-A near touch, an exceedingly nar- touchingness (tuch'ing-nes), n. ingly. row miss or escape; a close shave. [Colloq.] Marg. Fuller, Woman in 19th Century, p. 105. 1 Cor. viii. 1. The quality of being touching; tenderness; pathos. touching-stuff (tuch'ing-stuf), n. See stuff. touchless (tuch'les), a. [touch + -less.] Lacking the sense of touch. Huxley, Critiques and Addresses, p. 310. touch-linet (tuch'lin), n. A tangent. Our old word for tangent was touch-line. F. Hall, False Philol., p. 64.
One touch of nature makes the whole world kin.
Shak., T. and C., iii. 3. 175. In the Trojan dames there are fine touches of nature with regard to Cassandra.
Neither ill touches should be left vnpunished, nor ientle[ne]sse in teaching anie wise omitted.
Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 48. B. Jonson, Sejanus, i. 1. 12+. Manner; style; bearing. A certain touch, or air, That sparkles a divinity beyond An earthly beauty!
B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 1. 13. The skill or nicety with which a performer uses his instrument; the peculiar manner in which an author uses his pen, an artist his brush, or a workman his tools; characteristic skill or method of handling by which the artist or workman may be known; execution; manipulation; finish. Be of some good consort; You had a pleasant touch o' the cittern once, If idleness have not bereft you of it. Beau. and Fl., Captain, i. 3. The literary touch which it is so difficult to describe but so easy to recognise. Nineteenth Century, XXVI. 838.
14. In pianoforte- and organ-playing, a method 15. Make; style; sort. ·· The capteyn sent certeyn of his meyny to my chamber and toke awey j. herneyse [harness] complete of the touche of Milleyn; and j. gowne of fyn perse blewe furryd with martens. Paston Letters, I. 134. My sweet wife, my dearest mother, and My friends of noble touch. Shak., Cor., iv. 1. 49. 16. A thing, or a style of thing, involving the expenditure of a particular sum, or obtainable for such a sum: as, a penny touch. [Slang.] Sept. 22. At night went to the ball at the Angel, a guinea touch. Sir Erasmus Phillipps' Diary (1720). Print my preface in such form as, in the bookseller's phrase, will make a sixpenny touch. Swift. 17. A musical note or strain. [Rare.]
Fynd foure freres in a flok, that folweth that rewle Thanne haue y tynt al my tast, touche, and assaie. Piers Plowman's Crede, 1. 537. A day Wherein the fortune of ten thousand men Must bide the touch. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., iv. 4. 10. Your judgment, as it is the touch and trier Of good from bad.
Middleton, Family of Love, Epil. Be of happy cheer! For 'tis the nicest touch of human honour When some ethereal and high-favouring donor Presents immortal bowers to mortal sense. Keats, Endymion, ii. 21. Some stone of a very durable character, suitable for preserving inscriptions or for fine monumental work. The confusion between touch stone and touch, of which former word the latter seems to be a variant, is due in part to the general inability of men (everywhere existing until very recent times) to distinguish one kind of stone from another, and in part to the confusion, dating back to a very early period, between basanites and basaltes. See touchstone.
The next instant the hind coach passed my engine by a Royal touch, the touch of the king, formerly applied as a remedy to persons suffering from scrofula. See king's evil (under evill), and touchpiece.-To keep touch. (a) To be or remain in contact or sympathy. (bf) To keep faith or one's appointment or engagement; fulfil one's duty or functions.
It was touch and go to that degree that they couldn't come near him, they couldn't feed him, they could scarce- ly look at him. The Century, XXXVI. 127. 2. Hasty and superficial; desultory. cle (which see, under corpuscle). touch-box+ (tuch'boks), n. A primer. Cocke, thy father was a fresh-water soldier, thou art not; Thou hast beene powdred, witnesse thy flaxe & touch-box. Heywood, Royal King (Works, ed. Pearson, 1874, VI. 13). touch-corpuscle (tuch ́kôr”pus-l), n. A touch- body. See corpuscle.Soft stillness and the night touch-down (tuch'doun), n. In foot-ball, the Become the touches of sweet harmony. touching of the ball to the ground by a player Shak., M. of V., v. 1. 57. behind his opponent's goal; the play by which 18+. Attack; animadversion; censure; blame. this is done.-Safety touch-down, a touch-down made by one of the players behind his own goal when the I never bare any touch of conscience with greater re- ball was last touched by one of his own side. It is done gret. Eik Basilike. for the purpose of preventing the making of a touch-down 19t. Personal reference or allusion; person- by the other side. See foot-ball. ality. Speech of touch towards others should be sparingly used; for discourse ought to be as a field, without coming home to any man. Bacon, Discourse (ed. 1887). 20. A touchstone; that by which anything is examined; a test, as of gold by a touchstone; a proof; a criterion; an assay; hence, the stamp applied by the Goldsmiths' Company to a piece of plate testifying to its fineness: as, a gilt piece of the old touch (that is, of the stamp formerly in use). toucher (tuch'er), n. [< touch +-er1.] One who
Those other glorious notes,
They keep no touch, they will talk of many gay things, they will pretend this and that, but they keep no promise. Latimer, 3d Sermon bef. Edw. VI., 1549. Florence now keep touch, we shortly shall Conclude all fear with a glad nuptial. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, Iv. 1. True as toucht, completely true. Spenser, F. Q., I. iii. 2. touchable (tuch ́a-bl), a. [< touch +-able.] Capable of being touched; tangible. Science, VII. 271. touchableness (tuch'a-bl-nes), n. The quality of being touchable; tangibility. touch-and-go (tuch'and-gō'), a. and n. I. a. 1. Of uncertain action or outcome; that may explode, go off, or come to a head on the least touch or provocation; hence, ticklish; uncer- tain: applied to persons, circumstances, or ac- tions.
It was, as Rochford felt, touch and go, very delicate work with Sir Edward. Mrs. Oliphant, Poor Gentleman, xli.
Mammon, well follow'd? Cupid, bravely led; Both touchers; equal fortune makes a dead. Quarles, Emblems, i. 10, Epig. A near toucher, a close shave. [Slang.] It was a near toucher, though.
As near as a toucher, almost exactly; very nearly; Sala, Baddington Peerage, I. 188. (Hoppe.) touch-and-go. [Slang.] And there we are in four minutes' time, as near as a toucher. Dickens, Our Mutual Friend, iii. 13. touch-hole (tuch'hōl), n. A small tubular open-ing through the thickness of the barrel of a gun, cannon, or pistol, by means of which fire is communicated to the charge within. Love's fire-arms here are since not worth a souse; touchily (tuch'i-li), adv. [< touchy + -ly2. Cf. techily. In a touchy manner; with irritation; peevishly. touchiness (tuch'i-nes), n. [< touchy-ness. Cf. techiness.] The character of being touchy; peevishness; irritability; irascibility. touching (tuch'ing), p. a. [Ppr. of touch, v.] Affecting; moving; pathetic. touching (tuch'ing), n. [Verbal n. of touch, v.] The act of one who touches, in any sense.- Touching of St. Thomas. Same as Low Sunday (which see, under low2).
touching (tuch'ing), prep. [ ME. touching,
touchstone relating to; with respect to: often preceded by as.
The Sowdon sayde "as towchyng this mater, I wolle gladly be after your avise."
touch-me-not (tuch'mē-not), n. [Equiv. to the NL. specific name Noli-tangere.] 1. A plant of the genus Impatiens, especially I. Nolitangere, so called because the ripe seed-vessel explodes at the touch.
Presbytery seeming like the plant called Touch me not, which flies in the face and breaks in the fingers of those that presse it. Bp. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 19. [(Davies.) 2. In med., a tubercular affection, occurring especially about the face; noli-me-tangere; lupus. touch-needle (tuch'ne′′dl), n. One of a series of strips or needles of various alloys of gold, silver, and copper of known composition, used in testing the quality of gold by the use of the touchstone. The color of the streak of the alloy to be tested and its behavior with acid are compared with that of one or more of the touch-needles. This method has been in use from very remote ages, and is not entirely obsolete. The Italian goldsmiths have a set, strung on a string, of twenty-four touch-needles, which are little bars of gold, each of a known and marked standard from one carat up to twenty-four. See touchstone. touch-pan (tuch'pan), n. The pan of an oldfashioned gun, as one having a flint-and-steel lock, into which powder was poured, communicating with that in the touch-hole. See cut under flint-lock. touch-paper (tuch'pā"pėr), n. Paper steeped in niter so that it catches fire from a spark and burns slowly, used for firing gunpowder and other explosives. touchpiece (tuch'pēs), n. A coin or medal presented by the sovereigns of England to those whom they touched for the cure of the king's evil. Previous to the reign of Charles II. an English gold coin, the angel (see angel, 5, and angel-gold), was thus presented, but Charles II. substi- tuted a medalet, struck in gold and also in silver, bear- ing a general resem blance to the angel.
Obverse. Reverse. Gold Touchpiece, James II. (Size of the original)
touchstone (tuch'stōn), n. [< touchstone.] 1. A very fine-grained dark-colored variety of alloys of the precious metals. The alloy is rubbed schist or jasper, used for trying the quality of on the stone, and the color of the streak is compared with that of various alloys of known composition prepared for that purpose and called touch-needles. It was formerly extensively used for ascertaining the fineness of gold, but the facility and rapidity with which exact assays are now made have rendered the touchstone a matter of much less importance. It was the "Lydian stone" of the ancients, under which name (Avdía λíšos) it is mentioned and its use described by Bacchylides (about 450 B. C.), while Theophrastus calls it both the Lydian and the Heraclean stone (Aidos Ηρακλεία). Βασανίτης, βασανίτης λίθος, and βάσανος were names given to it by various Greek authors. It was the coticula of Pliny, whose basanites was a dark-colored, very compact igneous rock, probably a variety of basalt, basaltes and basanites having at a very early period become inextricably confused with each other in meaning. By some these words are believed to have been originally different; by others it is thought that basaltes was a corruption of basanites.
All is not golde that hath a glistering hiew, But what the touchstone tries & findeth true. Times' Whistle (E. E. T. S.), p. 136. The present Touchstone is a black Jasper of a somewhat coarse grain, and the best pieces come from India. King, Nat. Hist. of Gems and Decorative Stones, p. 153. 2. Any test or criterion by which the qualities of common honesty. of a thing are tried: as, money, the touchstone
Al tongues bear with sum slippes that can not abyde the tuich stone of true orthographie. A. Hume, Orthographie (E. E. T. S.), p. 19.
touchstone Compare my worth with others' base desert,
Drayton, Idea, lx. touchwood (tuch'wid), n. [Appar. < touch + wood; cf. touch-paper. According to Skeat, an altered form, simulating touch, of tache-wood, tache2+ wood1.] The soft white or yellowish substance into which wood is converted by the action of certain fungi: so called from its property of burning for many hours, when once ignited, like tinder. When the mycelium is in great abundance, it is sometimes observed to be luminous. The name touchwood is also applied to the fungus Polyporusen. igniarius. See spunk, 1, amadou, Polyporus. touchy (tuch'i), a. [A later form of tachy, techy, tetchy, simulating touch +-y1. See techy. In def. 2 directly touch + -y1.] 1. Apt to take offense on slight provocation; irritable; irascible; peevish; testy; tetchy.
Cal. If I durst fight, your tongue would lie at quiet. Beau. and Fl., Maid's Tragedy, iii.
= Gay, Fables, iv. 2. In decorative art, made up of small points, broken lines, or touches, and not drawn in a firm unbroken line, as the outline of any pattern. [Colloq.] touffont, n. See typhoon. tough (tuf), a. and n. [Formerly spelled also tuff; ME. tough, tough, tou, toz, AS. tōh MD. taey, D. taai = MLG. tā, taie, tege, teie, LG. taa, taë, taag, tage = OHG. zāhi, MHG. zæhe, G. zähe, zäh, G. dial. zach, tough. For the noun use, cf. equiv. rough2, associated with rough1, a., but prob. a sophisticated form of ruff for ruffian.] I. a. 1. Having the property of flexibility without brittleness; yielding to a bending force without breaking; also, hard to cut or sever, as with a cutting-instrument: as, tough meat.
4. Not easily influenced; unyielding; stubborn; hardened; incorrigible.
Callous and tough, The reprobated race grows judgment-proof. Cowper, Table-Talk, 1. 458. I found Mr. Macready a tough, sagacious, longScott, Rob Roy, xiv. 5. Hard to manage or accomplish; difficult; trying; requiring great or continued effort. [Colloq.] headed Scotchman.
6403 tough-cake (tuf'kāk), n. Refined copper, or smelters tough pitch, cast into ingots or cakes. toughen (tufʼn), v.trans. To grow tough or tougher. [< tough-en1.] I. in- toughen, else they will break to powder.
Of bodies, some are fragile, and some are tough and not fragile. Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 841. Get me a cudgel, sirrah, and a tough one. Beau. and Fl., King and No King, v. 3. And after this manner you may also keep gentles all winter, which is a good bait then, and much the better for being lively and tuffe. I. Walton, Complete Angler (1653), xii. A goose of most promising figure, but which, at table, toupet (tö-pā'), n. proved so inveterately tough that the carving-knife would make no impression on its carcass. Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, Int., p. 20. 2. Firm; strong; able to endure hardship, hard work, or ill usage; hardy; not easily broken or impaired. The hauberkes of tough mayle that the speres splyndred in peces. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 485. He's well enough; he has a travell'd body, And, though he be old, he 's tough and will endure well. Fletcher, Pilgrim, v. 1. 3. Not easily separated; tenacious; stiff; ropy; viscous as, a tough clay; tough phlegm. A cart that is overladen, going up a hill, draweth the horses back, and in a tough mire maketh them stand still. Tyndale, Ans. to Sir T. More, etc. (Parker Soc., 1850), p. 211.
She [the town of Breda] has yielded up the Ghost to Spinola's Hands, after a tough Siege of thirteen Months, and a Circumvallation of near upon twenty Miles Compass. Howell, Letters, I. iv. 15. "My Lord," said the King, "here's a rather tough job." Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 69. 6. Severe; violent: as, a tough rebuke or tirade; a tough storm. [Colloq.]-Mild and tough, a phrase applied in some localities to fine brick-clay which has been mellowed or ripened by exposure. When fresh the clay is said to be short and rough.-To make it tought, to take pains; also, to make a difficulty about a thing; treat it as of great importance.-Tough pitch. See poling, 2, and toughening. II. n. A rough; a bully; an incorrigibly vicious fellow; a bad character. [Colloq., U.S.]
And then the whole appearance of the young tough changed, and the terror and horror that had showed on his face turned to one of low sharpness and evil cunning. Scribner's Mag., VIII. 692. See Pimelea. toughbark (tuf ́bärk), ".
6. Turn; cast; drift. [Rare.] Knight's tour. See knight.-The grand tour, a jour- ney through France and Switzerland to Italy, etc., for- merly considered essential for British young men of good family, as the finishing part of their education.=Syn. 3. Trip, Excursion, etc. See journey. tour2 (tör), v. turn. Each hundred you take here is as good as two or three hooking, splitting, touring is saued. Capt. John Smith, Works, II. 188. 2. To make a tour; travel about. toughening (tufʼning), ?. ened glass. See glass. [< tour2, n.] I. intrans. 1†. To II. trans. To make tough or tougher.-ToughThe final process in the metallurgic treat[Verbal n. of toughment of copper ores, by which the last traces of foreign metals are removed as far as possible, hundred in New found Land; so that halfe the labour in and the copper brought to what is called in England tough pitch. See poling, 2. toughhead (tuf hed), n. The hardhead, a duck. [Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts.] toughly (tuf'li), adv. In a tough manner. toughness (tuf'nes), n. [Early mod. E. also tuffness; tough + -ness.] The property or character of being tough, in any sense. Stock fish is a dish, If it be well drest, for the tuffness' sake, We'll make the proud'st of 'em long and leap for 't. Beau. and F., Honest Man's Fortune (ed. 1679), v. toughtt, a. A Middle English form of tight1, taut.
Toulouse goose. See goose. toupee (tö-pē'), n. [< F. toupet, dim. of OF. toupe, a tuft of hair: see top1. A curl or arti- ficial lock of hair, especially on the top of the head or as a sort of crowning feature of a peri- wig; a periwig having such a top-knot; hence, an artificial patch of hair worn to cover a bald spot or other defect.
tourmalin-granite Took up my wife and Deb., and to the Park, where, being in a hackney, and they undressed, was ashamed to go Pepys, Diary, March 31, 1668. into the tour.
Remember how often you have been stripped, and Swift, Advice to Servants (Footman). [< F. toupet, a tuft of hair: see toupee.] 1. Same as toupee.-2. The crested or tufted titmouse, Parus or Lophophanes bi- color: more fully called toupet tit. (See cut under titmouse.) The term is an old book--ist.] name, never in general use. T. Pennant. tour1t, n. A Middle English form of tower. tour2 (tör), n. [Formerly also tower, tow'r; <F. tour, a turn, journey, tour: see turn, n.] 1†. A turn; a revolution.
I must take a tour among the shops. 4t. A turn, drive, or carriage promenade in a rk or other place of fashionable resort for driving.
The sweetness of the Park is at Eleven, when the Beau- Monde make their Tour there.
Same as He was touring about as usual, for he was as restless as a hyena. De Quincey, Murder as One of the Fine Arts. It is like saying that a New Zealander touring in the British Isles sees that we are an aboriginal population. A. Bain, Emotions and Will, p. 517. II. trans. To make a tour or circuit of: as, to tour an island. [Rare.] Touraco (töʻra-kō), n. [NL. (Lacépède, 1801).] Same as Turacus. touracou, tourakoo (töʻra-kö), n. turakoo. tourbillion (tör-bil'yon), n. [< F. tourbillon, a whirlwind, L. turbo (turbin-), whirlwind: see turbine.] An ornamental firework which turns round when in the air so as to present the appearance of a scroll or a spiral column of fire. tour de force (tör de fors). [F.: tour, turn, act, feat; de, of; force, force, power.] A feat of strength, power, or skill.
Lord Strangford, Letters and Papers, p. 98. (Davies.) tourist (tör'ist), n. [< F. touriste; as tour2 + One who makes a tour; one who makes a journey for pleasure, stopping at a number of places for the purpose of seeing the sights, scenery, etc. touristic (tö-risʼtik), a. [< tourist + -ic.] Of To solve the tow'rs by heavenly bodies made. Sir R. Blackmore, Creation, ii. 2. A turn, course, or shift, as of duty or work: originally a military use. Gonsalvo de Cordova retained all his usual equanimity, Fourdrinier, work in tours or shifts twelve hours each. Harper's Mag., LXXV. 129. 3. A turn round some place; a going round from place to place; a continued ramble or ex- cursion; a short journey: as, a wedding tour. Lord Strangford, Letters and Papers, p. 98. (Davies.) tourmalin, tourmaline (tör'ma-lin),,n. [Also turmalin, turmaline; < F. tourmaline = Sp. tur- malina = It. turmalina, tormalina (NL. turmali- na, turmalinus); said to be < tournamal, a name The machine-tenders, of whom there are two to each given to this stone in Ceylon.] A mineral, crys- tallizing in the rhombohedral system, often in the form of a three-, six-, or nine-sided prism terminated by three faces of an obtuse rhombo- hedron. It often exhibits hemimorphism, the oppo- site extremities of a prismatic crystal showing an unlike development of planes. Its fracture is uneven or con- choidal; its hardness is a little greater than that of quartz. In composition tourmalin consists principally of a boro- silicate of aluminium and magnesium, but contains fre- quently iron, lithium, and other elements. Some varie- ties are transparent, some translucent, some opaque. Some are colorless, and others green, brown, red, blue, and black, the last being the most common. Not infrequently the color varies in different parts of the crystal: thus, there may be a green exterior part about a red nucleus, or a crystal may be red at one end and green at the other, etc. pink or red variety containing lithium; indicolite is a blue Achroite is a colorless variety from Elba; rubellite is a or bluish-black variety; aphrizite is a black variety from Norway. Common black tourmalin is often called schorl. The transparent red, green, blue, and yellow varieties are used in jewelry: here belong the Brazilian sapphire, the Brazilian emerald, etc. Tourmalin occurs most common- ly in granite, gneiss, and mica-schist. It is found in Eng- land, Scotland, Sweden, America, Spain, Siberia, and else- where. Sections cut from prisms of tourmalin are much used in polarizing apparatus. (See polariscope.) It ex- hibits marked pyro-electric phenomena, which are con- nected with its hemimorphic crystalline structure. See pyro-electricity.-Tourmalin plates. Same as tourma- lin tongs. See polariscope.—Tourmalin tongs. See po- lariscope.
Mrs. Centlivre, The Basset Table, i. 1. J. Ashton, Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, II. 173.
The execution of the best artists is always a splendid tour-de-force, and much that in painting is supposed to be dependent on material is indeed only a lovely and quite inimitable legerdemain. Ruskin, Lectures on Art, § 13. tour de maître (tör de ma'tr). [F.: tour, turn, act, feat; de, of; maître, master.] In surg., a method of introducing a catheter into the male bladder, formerly in vogue, but now generally abandoned as dangerous. tourelle (tö-rel'), ". [F., dim. of tour, tower: see tower1, turret.] In archæol., a turret. tourettet (to-ret'), n. Same as toret. tourism (tör'izm), n. [< tour2 + -ism.] Traveling for pleasure. [Rare.] There never have been such things as tours in Crete, which are mere tourism and nothing else.
tourmalin-granite (tör'ma-lin-granit), n. A variety of granite containing, in addition to the other usual ingredients, tourmalin, and more
tourmalin-granite generally black tourmalin or schorl. Such granites are very common in various tin-producing districts, and especially in Cornwall. See schorl and schorlaceous. tournt, v. An obsolete form of turn. tournt (törn), n. [An obsolete form of turn.] 1. In Eng. law, the turn or circuit formerly made by a sheriff twice every year for the purpose of holding in each hundred the great courtleet of the county. The tourn long ago fell into disuse.
6404 tourney (tör'- or tér'ni), n. [Formerly also tur- tourney, v.] A contest of armed men with swords, blunted wea- pons, maces of wood, and the like (but not including the tilt or just); more general- ly, the test of a num- ber of cham- pions on each side, as distin- guished from single Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 133.bat; the whole series of mili- for the Tourney. (From Viollet-le-Duc's "Dict. tary exercises con com Armor and Adornments of a du Mobilier français.") or sports held at one place and time. Also tour
Misbelief and apostasy were indeed subjects of inquest at the sheriff's tourn, and the punishment of "mescreauntz apertement atteyntz" was burning. Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 404.
2. A spinning-wheel. Halliwell. tournament (tör'- or tér'na-ment), n. [Formerly also turnament; ME. turnement, tournement, tornement, < OF. *tourneiement, tournoyement, tornoiement (It. torneamento, ML. torneamentum, tornamentum), a tournament, *tourneier, tournoier, just, tilt, tourney: see tourney, v.] 1. A tourney. See tourney and just2.
After mete was the quyntayne reysed, and ther at bourded the yonge bachelers; and after they be-gonne a turne mente, and departed hem in two partyes.
In Tilts and Turnaments the Valiant strove By glorious Deeds to purchase Emma's Love. Prior, Henry and Emma.
Tournaments and jousts differed from one another principally in the circumstance that in the first several combatants on each side were engaged at once, and in the second the contention was between two combatants only. The former consisted of the mutual charges of equal troops of cavalry, while the latter consisted of a duel on horseback. Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 489. 2. In later times, a contest of skill in which men on horseback riding at full speed strove to carry off on their spears a certain number of rings hung just over their heads.-3. Encounter; shock of battle. [Rare.]
With cruel tournament the squadrons join;
4. Any contest of skill in which a number of persons take part: as, a chess tournament. tournasin (tör'na-sin), n. In pottery-manuf., a knife used for the removal of superfluous slip from baked ware which has been ornamented by the blowing-pot. E. H. Knight. tournay (tör'na), n. [So called from Tournai, Tournay, a town in Belgium.] A printed worsted material for furniture-upholstery. tourné (tör-nā'), a. [F., pp. of tourner, turn: see turn.] In her., same as regardant. Tournefortia (tör-ne-fôr'ti-a), n. [NL. (Linnæus, 1737), named after Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656-1708), a French botanist.] A genus of gamopetalous plants, of the order Boraginacea and tribe Heliotropicæ. It is distinguished from the related genus Heliotropium by its fruit, a small fleshy or rarely corky four-celled drupe containing either two or four nutlets. There are nearly 100 species, widely scattered warm of the world. They are trees or shrubs, sometimes with sarmentose or twining stems, alternate entire leaves, and terminal cymes of very numerous small flowers. About 15 species occur in the West Indies, of which T. laurifolia is known as black lancewood, otropoides is the summer or false heliotrope of greenhouse and T. as basket-withe or white T. heli cultivation, valued for its pale-lilac flowers. Three species with white flowers occur in Florida or Texas. T. argentea is sometimes cultivated under the name of East Indian velvetleaf. Tournefortian (tör-ne-fôr'ti-an), a. [< Tournefort+ -ian.] Of or relating to Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656-1708), a French botanist, author of a system of botanical nomenclature and classification.
tournery+, n. An obsolete form of turnery. tournesol, n. Same as turnsol. tournett, n. An error for tourette (mod. turret). Rom. of the Rose, 1. 4164 (16th cent. editions). tournette (tör-net'), n. [F., dim. of tour (OF. tourn), a lathe, wheel: see turn.] A revolving tablet, smaller than a potters' wheel, upon which a vase or other round object is placed in paint- ing horizontal bands and the like. tourney (tör'- or tėr'ni), v. i. [Formerly also turney; ME. tourneyen, turneyen, tournayen, tornaien, OF. tourneier, torneier, tournoier, tournoyer, just, tilt, tourney, turn or wheel about, ‹ tourner, turn: see turn. Hence tour- ney, n., tournament.] To join in a just or tilt, or mock fight of any sort.
Whan Segramor herde this he lepte vp, and seide that recreaunt and shamed be he that will not turneyn. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 484. An elfin borne of noble state, Well could he tourney, and in lists debate.
nament. And also Tourneys and exercyse of Armys fyrst founde [in Candia] on horsebake.
Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 19. In these jousts and tourneys, described with sufficient prolixity but in a truly heart-stirring tone by the chroniclers of the day, we may discern the last gleams of the light of chivalry. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 11. tourney-helm (tör'ni-helm), n. A helmet used in the tourneys of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and peculiar in having the face-opening very large, and guarded only by light iron bars with wide spaces between them. In this respect it is the reverse of the tiltingMiddle English helmet.
tourningt, tourneynget, a. F. tourniquet, a turnstile, sash-pulley, tourni- quet in surgery, < tourner, turn: see turn.] 1t. A turnstile.
Seek some winding alley with a tourniquet at the end tournois (tör-nwo'), a. [F., of Tours, < Tours, a city of France. Cf. turney2.] Of Tours: an epi- thet used only in livre tournois, an old French money of account, worth 20 sous, or about 94d. sterling, or 19 United States cents-the value of the livre parisis being 25 sous. tournure (tör-nur'), n. [< F. tournure, tour- ner, turn: see turn.] 1. Turn; contour; figure; shape.
A pretty little bonnet and head were popped out of the ing. [Formerly also touze, towse; < ME. *tousen, *tusen (in comp. totusen) OHG. *zusen (in comp. OHG. MHG. er-zusen, also OHG. zir- zuson ME. totusen), MHG. *zusen, G. zausen, pull (cf. MHG. zusach, bushes, briers). Con- nection with the equiv. tease, tose, is doubtful. Hence tousle.] I. trans. 1. To tear or pull apart; rend. =
We'll touse you
2. To tease; comb. washed him thoroughly, and that be good. Peele, Edw. I. 3. To harass; worry; plague.
As a Beare whom angry curres have touzd. Spenser, F. Q., II. xi. 33. 4. To pull about; handle roughly or carelessly; Spenser, F. Q., II. i. 6. hence, to rumple; dishevel; tousle.
touze Like swine, touse pearl without respect. Ford, Honour Triumphant, i. I would be tousing Their fair madonas.
Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 1. Belinda. Am I not horribly touz'd? Araminta. Your Head's a little out of order. Congreve, Old Batchelor, iv. 8. II. intrans. To bustle; exert one's self vigorously; struggle.
In feats of arms and life's dread desperation I touse to gain me fame and reputation.
.. Ford, Honour Triumphant, ii. Sundry times she hath risen out of her bed, unlocked all the doors, gone from chamber to chamber, toused among her linen, and when he hath waked and missed her.. he hath found her fast asleep. Dekker and Webster, Northward Ho, iii. 1. [Obsolete or provincial in all uses.] touse (touz), n. [K touse, v.] A pull; a haul; a seizure; a disturbance. [Prov. Eng.] touser (tou'zėr), n. [Also towser (in Towser, a common name for a dog), towzer; < touse +-er1.] One who or that which touses. [Prov. Eng.] tousle (tou'zl), v. t.; pret. and pp. tousled, ppr. tousling. [Also touzle, dial. toozle (also tussle, LG. tuseln q. v.); G. zauseln, pull, touse; freq. of touse.] 1. To pull about roughly; plague or tease good-naturedly by pulling about: as, disorder, as by pulling about roughly; dishevel; to tousle the girls. [Scotch.]-2. To put into rumple: as, to tousle one's hair. [Colloq.] = —
Come, Jane, give me my wig; you slut, how you have tousled the curls! Foote, Mayor of Garratt, i. 1.
• A very heavy mat of sandy hair, in a decidedly tousled condition. H. B. Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin, ix. tous-les-mois (tö-la-mwo'), n. [F.: tous, pl. of tout (< L. totus), all; les, pl. of le, the; mois, pl. of mois (L. mensis), month.] A farinaceous food obtained from the tubers of Canna edulis. See achira. tousy (touʼzi), a. [< touse +-y1.] Rough; shaggy; unkempt; tousled; disheveled: as, a tousy head; a tousy dog. [Colloq.]
2. In horse-racing, a person who clandestinely watches the trials of race-horses at their training quarters and for a fee gives information for betting purposes.
A species of racing tout enters the cottage of a female trainer. Athenæum, No. 3067, p. 187. 3. In the game of solo, a play when one person takes or proposes to take all the tricks. Also touter. tout2t, n. [< ME. toute; cf. tout, toot1, v., in touts (tout), n. [<touts, v.] 1. A pet; a huff; touter (tou'ter), n. [< tout1 +-er1.] One who goes about soliciting custom, as for an inn, a public conveyance, or a shop.
If you have not been at Tunbridge, you may nevertheless have heard that here are a parcel of fellows, mean traders, whom they call touters, and their business touting -riding out miles to meet coaches and company coming hither, to beg their custom while here. S. Richardson, Correspondence, III. 316.
toutht, v. An old spelling of tooth. Gosson, toutie (tou'ti), a. [< touts + -ie.] Liable to take touts; haughty; irascible; bad-tempered. [Scotch.] touzet, v. See touse.
touzle touzlet, v. t. See tousle. = = towl (to), v. t. [Early mod. E. also sometimes togh; ME. towen, togen, <AS. as if *togian (= ÓFries. toga = MD. toghen MLG. togen OHG. zogon, MHG. zogen Icel. toga), draw, pull, tow, a secondary form of teón (pret. teáh, pp. togen), E. obs. tee, draw: see teel. Cf. tow2, tug, tuck1, from the same ult. source.] 1. To pull; draw; haul; especially, to drag through the water by means of a rope or chain: as, to tow a small boat astern; to tow a vessel into harbor. The towing of boats on canals is generally performed by horses or mules; on other waters, by steamboats specially constructed for the purpose, and known as towboats or tugboats, or simply as tugs.
Thanks, Kingly Captain; daign vs then (we pray) Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Furies. Whilst we tow up a tyde, Which shall ronne sweating by your barges side. Dekker, Londons Tempe (Works, ed. Pearson, IV. 120). 2. To dredge with a towing-net. See towing1, n., 2. towl (to), n. [< towl, v.] 1. The act of towing, or the state of being towed: generally with in: as, to take a disabled vessel in tow.
Nor like poor Psyche whom she drags in tow. Tennyson, Princess, iii. 2. A vessel or number of vessels that are being towed. tow2 (to; Sc. pron. tou), n. [< ME. *tow, *tog,< AS.*toh, in tohlīne, a tow-line (=LG. tau- Icel. tog, taug, a rope), < teón (pp. togen), draw: see teel, and cf. tiel, n., and tow1, v.] A rope. [Obsolete or Scotch.]
The sails were o' the light green silk, The Lass of Lochroyan (Child's Ballads, II. 107).
If a word of your mouth could hang the haill Porteous mob at the tail of ae tow.
6405 Lincoln's attitude toward slavery was that of the humane and conscientious men throughout the North who were not Abolitionists. G. S. Merriam, S. Bowles, I. 237. 4. as chowlee. For; for the purpose of completing, promoting, fostering, defraying, relieving, or the towell (tou'el), n. [< ME. towaile, towaille, like; as a help or contribution to. Giue the pore of thy good; tewelle, twaile, twaylle, < OF. touaille, F. touaille Part thou therof toward their want, Pr. toalha = Sp. toalla Pg. toalha = It. Giue them reliefe and fo[o]d. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 100. tovaglia, ML. toacula, OHG. dwahilla, dwaToward the education of your daughters hila, dwehila, MHG. twehele, twehel, dwehele, I here bestow a simple instrument. dwele (also quehele, G. dial. quähle), a towel, D. dwaal, a towel, dweil, a clout, = AS. thwehlæ Goth. *thwahljo, a towel; from a noun shown in AS. thweál, washing, bath, OHG. dwahal, bath, Icel. thval, soap, Goth. thwahl, washing, bath (cf. MHG. twuhel, tub), < AS. thweán OS. thwahan OHG. dwahan, MHG. twahen, dwahen, G. (dial.) zwagen, wash, bathe, : = Icel. thvā =Dan. toe - Sw. två, wash, Goth. thwahan, wash, bathe; cf. OPruss. twaxtan, a bathing-dress.] 1. A cloth used for wiping anything dry; especially, a cloth for drying the person after bathing or washing. Shak., T. of the S., ii. 1. 99. 5. Near; nearly; about; close upon: as, toward three o'clock. = = =
No good woorke is ought worth to heauenward without faith. Sir T. More, Cumfort against Tribulation (1573), fol. 25. And such trust have we through Christ to God-ward. 2 Cor. iii. 4. Whose streams run forth there to the salt sea-side, Here back return, and to their springward go. Fairfax.]To be toward onet, to be on one's side or of his company. Herod and they that were toward him. Bp. Andrews, Sermons, V. vi. To have toward onet, See have.-To look toward. See look1.toward (tōʻärd), a. [< ME. toward, < AS. tō- weard, adj., future, to come, coming to or toward one, to, to, + -weard, becoming, E. -ward.] 1t. Coming; coming near; approach- ing; near; future; also, at hand; present. Ffor ye haue a werke towarde, and that right grete, where-as ye shall haue grete peyne and traueyle, an I shall telle yow what. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 315. Envying my toward good. Spenser, F. Q., II. iv. 22. Vouchsafe, my toward kinsman, gracious madam, The favour of your hand. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. Young Faith Snowe was toward to keep the old men's cups aflow. R. D. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, xiv.
Their temper is just like a pickle tow brought near a candle. W. Black, In Far Lochaber, ii. 2. In heckling, a quantity of hemp fibers sufficient for spinning a yarn 160 fathoms long. These fibers are passed twice through the heckle, and are then tied up into a bundle, which weighs about 3 pounds. Ground tow, in rope-making, the loose hemp om the sides of the hatchels and spinners.-Scutching-tow. See scutch, 2.-Tap of tow. See tap4. tow4, a. An obsolete or dialectal form of tough. towage (to'aj), n. [= F. touage; as towl + -age.] 1. The act of towing.-2. A charge for towing.-Towage service, in law, aid rendered in the propulsion of vessels, irrespective of any circumstance of peril; the employment of one vessel to expedite the voy. age of another vessel when nothing more is required than the acceleration of her progress. When used in contradistinction to salvage service, it is confined to vessels not in distress.
= = Scott, Heart of Mid-Lothian, xxxvii. tow3 (to; Sc. pron. tou), n. [<ME. tow, towe, < AS. *tow (in comp. towlic, of spinning (towlic weorc, spinning-work), tow-hus, spinning-house), MD. touw, tow (cf. touwe, the instrument of a weaver), LG. tou, touw, implements, = Icel. to, a tuft of wool for spinning, = Dan. tave, fiber, Goth. taui (tojis), work, a thing made; from the root of tawl, prepare, work: see tawl, and 3+. cf. tooll.] 1. The coarse and broken part of flax or hemp separated from the finer part by the hatchel or swingle. =
towaillet, n. A Middle English form of towel1. toward (to'ärd), prep. [< ME. toward, to ward; <to, adv., +-ward. The AS. tōweard is always an adj.; but tōweardes appears as a prep.: see towards.] 1. In the direction of.
Toward the Northe is a fulle faire Chirche of Seynte Anne. Mandeville, Travels, p. 88. He set his face toward the wilderness. Num. xxiv. 1. 2. To; on the way to; aiming or intending to reach, be, become, do, or the like: referring to destination, goal, end in view, aim, purpose, or design. Bi that hit was heiz non me gon ageyn hem bringe A ded monnes bodi vppon a bere to-ward buryinge. Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.), p. 45. Is she not toward marriage?
I am toward nine years older since I left you.
Middleton, Chaste Maid, iii. 2. 3. With respect to; as regards; in relation to; concerning; respecting; regarding: expressing relation or reference. His eye shall be evil toward his brother.
Deut. xxviii. 54. Then their anger was abated toward him. Judges viii. 3. I will be thy adversary toward Anne Page. Milton, Eikonoklastes, x.
tower towboat (to'bōt), n. [< tow1 + boat.] Any boat employed in towing a ship or vessel; a tow-cock (tō'kok), ". A species of bean: same tugboat.
2. Yielding; pliant; hence, docile; ready to
Goode sir, be toward this tyme, For I haue tythandis to telle. York Plays, p. 226.
her brethren to envy. . towardly (tō'ard-li), a. · [< toward, a., + -ly1.] The towardly likelie-hood of this springall to do you 2t. Forward; promising; precocious; early as regards season or state of advancement. Easterly windes blasteth towardly blossoms.
Lyly, Euphues and his England, p. 451. He's towardly, and will come on apace. Dryden, Prol. to Wild Gallant. towardness (tō'ärd-nes), n. [< toward, a., + -ness.] The character of being toward; do- cility; towardliness. e
There appeared in me som small shew of towardnes and diligence. Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 134. For the towardnes I see in thee, I must needs loue thee. Lyly, Euphues and his England, p. 241. towards (tō'ärdz), prep. and adv. [Early mod. E.also towardes; sometimes contracted tow'rds; <ME. towardes, < AS. tōweardes, toward, < to- weard+adv. gen. -es.] I. prep. Same as toward. II. adv. Toward the place in question; for- ward. [Rare.]
forward. See sponge Promising; likely; Why, that is spoken like a toward prince. Shak., 3 Hen. VI., ii. 2. 66. Letting his head drop into a festoon of towel, and towelHe was reputed in Norfolk, where he practised physic, ling away at his two ears. a proper toward man, and as skilful a physician, for his Dickens, Great Expectations, xxvi. G. Harvey, Four Letters. age, as ever came there. The character towel2t, n. Same as tewel. towardliness (tōʻärd-li-nes), n. of being toward; readiness to do or learn; apt- towel-gourd (tou ́el-gōrd), n. gourd. ness; docility. towel-horse (tou’el-hôrs), n. or stand to hang towels on. toweling, towelling (tou ́el-ing), n. [<towel1 + -ing.] 1. Material used for towels, whether made in separate towels with borders, etc., or in continuous pieces, sold by the yard. Compare huckaback, crash, diaper, glass-cloth.-2. A piece of the stuff used for towels; a towel. [Rare.] A wooden frame The beauty and towardliness of these children moved Raleigh, Hist. World.
Tho, when as still he saw him towards pace, This fire, like the eye of gordian snake Bewitch'd me towards. Keats, Endymion, iii.
towards+ (tō'ärdz), a. [Erroneously used for toward, a.] Same as toward, a., 1.
A lead towel, a bullet. [Slang.] Make Nunky surrender his dibs, Rub his pate with a pair of lead towels. J. Smith, Rejected Addresses, xx. Dish-towel, a towel for wiping dishes after they are washed.-Glass-towel Same as glass-cloth.-Turkish towel. See Turkish. towell (tou'el), v.; pret. and pp. toweled, towelled, ppr. toweling, towelling. [< towell, n.] I. trans. 1. To rub or wipe with a towel.
Phebus eek a fair towaille him broughte, To drye him with. Chaucer, Monk's Tale, 1. 755. Item, iiij. lewelles playn warke, eche cont' in lenthe ij. Paston Letters, I. 489. yerds, dim'. With a cleane Towel, not with his shirt, for this would make them blockish and forgetfull.
There's a great marriage Towards for him. Middleton, Chaste Maid, iii. 2. Here's a fray towards; but I will hold my hands, let who will part them. Middleton (and another), Mayor of Queenborough, v. 1.
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 194. 2. Eccles.: (a) The rich covering of silk and gold which used to be laid over the top of the (b) A linen altaraltar except during mass. cloth.-An oaken towel, a cudgel. [Slang.]
I have here a good oaken towel at your service. Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, J. Melford to Sir W. Phillips, [Bath, May 17.
He now appeared in his doorway, towelling his hands. Dickens, Great Expectations, xxxvi. 2. To cudgel; lam. [Slang.] II. intrans. To use a towel; rub or wipe with a towel.
A clean ewer with a fair towelling. Browning, Flight of the Duchess, xi. 3. A whipping; a thrashing. [Slang.] I got a towelling, but it did not do me much good. Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, I. 469. Elephant toweling, a variety of huckaback much used as a foundation for crewel embroidery.-Toweling embroidery, decorative work done in heavy material, such as toweling, usually by a combination of drawn work and needlework, with the addition of fringes.-Turkish toweling. See Turkish. A frame or bar towel-rack (tou'el-rak), n. over which towels are hung; a towel-horse. towel-roller (tou'el-rō“lėr), n. The revolving bar for a roller-towel. towendt, v. i. [ME. towenden; ‹ to-2 + wend.] To turn aside. tower1 (tou'èr), n. tor = [< ME. tour, tur (also tor), < AS. tur (turr-) (also torr) = MD. toren, torre, D. toren OHG. turra, turri, MHG. turn, turm, G. turm (dial. turn) = Sw. torn Dan. taarn (the final m and n are unexplained) = OF. tur, tour (whence in part the ME. word), F. tour Pr. Sp. It. torre, a tower, Gael. torr = Ir. tor W. twr, tower, < L. turris = Gr. τύρσις, ruppis, tower, height, bastion. Hence turret. Cf. tor1.] 1. A building lofty in proportion to its lateral dimensions, of any form in plan, whether insulated or forming part of a church, castle, or other edifice. Towers have been erected from the earliest ages as memorials, and for purposes of Among towers are included the religion and defense. Page 7
al Towers Forming the Chief Element in a Church Design.-Western façade of Notre Dame, Paris, built in the 12th and the early part of the 13th century.
churches; the massive keeps and gate- and wall-towers of castles and mansions; the peels of Scottish fortresses; the pagodas India and China; the pharos, the campanile, and a great variety of similar buildings. Compare spirel and steeple, and see cuts under bridge-tower, campanile, castle, gabled, gate-tower, keep, lantern, pagoda, peel, and Rhenish.
On the West syde is a fair Tour and an highe, for Belles, strongly made. Mandeville, Travels, p. 75. In the early pointed architecture of England, western towers are less common and less imposing than those of early Gothic buildings in France. But the Norman feature of a vast tower at the crossing of nave and transept, seldom adopted by the French Gothic builders, was perpetuated in England. C. H. Moore, Gothic Architecture, p. 165. 2. In early and medieval warfare, a tall, movable "wooden structure used in storming a fortified place. The height of the tower was such as to overtop the walls and other fortifications of the besieged place. Such towers were frequently combined with a batteringram, and thus served the double purpose of breaching the walls and giving protection to the besiegers. 3. A citadel; a fortress; a place of defense or protection.
Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy. Ps. lxi. 3. 4t. In astrol., a mansion.
Now fleeth Venus into Cylenius tour. Chaucer, Complaint of Mars, 1. 113. 5. In her., a bearing representing a fortified tower with battlements and usually a gate with a portcullis.-6. A high commode or headdress worn by women in the reigns of William III. and Anne. It was built up of pasteboard, ribbons, and lace; the lace and ribbons were disposed in alternate tiers, or the latter were formed into high stiffened bows, draped or not, according to taste, with a lace scarf or veil that streamed down each side of the pinnacle. Compare fontange and commode.
Lay trains of amorous intrigues
7. A wig or the natural hair built up very high.
Her Tour wou'd keep
6406 Adriatic and on the Danube are called Maximilian towers tapering from the base upward, of cir- cular section, and generally with a con- ical top. Round tow- ers are often met with in Ireland, and occur, but much more rarely, in Scot- land, rising from 30 to 130 feet in height, and having a diame ter of from 20 to 30 feet. A variety of theories have been advanced in regard to the period of these towers and the purposes they were designed to serve, and antiquari- an opinion has been greatly divided on these subjects; their construction has been assigned by some leading au-thorities to a period ranging from the ninth to the twelfth century, and they have been supposed to have served as strongholds into which, in times of danger, the ecclesiastics, and perhaps the inhabitants of the neighborhood, could retreat with their valuables.-Tower bastion, in fort., a small tower in the form of a bastion, with rooms or cells underneath for men and guns.-Tower of London (often called simply the Tower), a tower or keep, now a large assem- blage of buildings occupying an area of 12 or 13 acres, on an elevation just beyond the old walls of the city of Lon- don, southeastward, on the northern bank of the Thames. The tower proper, called the White Tower, is the keep of the castle built by William the Conqueror. The Tower was originally at once a fortress or citadel and a palace, where the kings of England sometimes resided; and it was after- ward used as a state prison. To the northwest is Tower Hill, where stood the scaffold for the execution of traitors. tower1 (tou'èr), v. [< tower1, n.] I. intrans. 1. To rise or extend far upward like a tower; rise high or aloft. An enormous tulip-tree, which towered like a giant 2. To soar aloft, as a bird; specifically-(a) to
Denitrating tower. Same as denitrificator.-Gabled tower. See gabled.-Glover's tower. Same as denitrificator.-Martello tower, a small circular fort with very ing of enemies. The name is variously said to be derived thick walls, built chiefly on sea-coasts to prevent the land from the hammer (It. martello) used to strike the alarmbell with which such towers built on the Italian coasts as a defense against pirates by Charles V. were furnished; from the name of a Corsican who invented the structure; and from Mortella in Corsica, where a tower of this kind strongly resisted an English naval force in 1794. The efficiency of this work induced the British authorities to build a large number of martello towers on their coasts, especially opposite France, in anticipation of Napoleon's threatened invasion. They are in two stages, the basement story containing store-rooms and magazine, the upper serving as a casemate for the defenders; the roof is shell-proof. The armament is a single heavy traversing gun. Similar towers afterward erected by Austria on the coast of the
Round Tower at Ardmore, County Waterford, Ireland.
Yet oft they quit tower2+, n. An obsolete form of tour2. tower-clock (tou'ėr-klok), n. A large form of clock, adapted for use on public buildings, church-towers, etc. The works are supported by a strong framework of metal, and the pendulum-rod is usu- ally passed through an opening in the floor beneath the tower-cress (tou'ér-kres), n. A European cru- ciferous plant, Arabis Turrita, a tall, stiff, erect biennial with pods 3 inches long, all curved downward, and turned to one side in a long ra- clock.
ceme. of William III. Tower Head-dress, time towered (touʼėrd), a. [< tower + -ed2.] 1. or a city wall used as a bearing. A tower towered
towing-net towering (tou'èr-ing), n. [Verbal n. of tower, v.] The act of one who towers; specifically, the convulsive action of a bird which, when wounded in a certain way, flies straight up in the air as long as life lasts, and then drops dead; also, the flight thus made. See the quotation.
Singly, methinks, yon tow'ring chief I meet,
The "fixing of the wing" of a mortally wounded bird is simply a muscular rigidity, due to nervous shock, and of a part with the convulsive muscular action which, un, der similar circumstances, results in the well-known towering of hard-hit birds. Coues, Science, X. 322.
2. Exceedingly or increasingly violent; rising towering rage. to an extreme height or intense degree: as, a All else is towering phrensy and distraction.
towerlet (tou'èr-let), n. [< tower1 +-let.] A little tower. J. Baillie. [Rare.] tower-mill (tou'er-mil), n. Same as smock-mill. tower-mustard (tou'èr-mus"tärd), n. A crucif- erous plant, Arabis perfoliata, found in Europe, Asia, North America, and Australia. erect plant 2 feet high, with clasping leaves and long and very narrow erect pods. The name is applied also to the tower-cress. It is an
tower-owl (tou'èr-oul), n. The belfry-owl or church-owl: so called from its frequent or habitual nesting-place in populous districts. See cut under barn-owl.
2. Lofty; elevated; towering. ... I, who for very sport of heart would pluck down A vulture from his towery perching. Keats, Endymion, i. towhead (to'hed), n. [< tow3 + head.] 1. A flaxen-haired person.-2. One whose hair is tousled or rumpled up like a bunch of tow.- 3. The hooded merganser, Lophodytes cuculla- tus; the mosshead. G. Trumbull, 1888. See cut under merganser. [Southern U. S.] tow-headed (tō'hed"ed), a. Having hair resem- bling tow. towhee (tou'hē), n. [So called from its note.] The chewink, ground-robin, or marsh-robin of the United States, Pipilo erythrophthalmus, or any other species of the genus Pipilo: more fully called towhee bunting. Some of the western pipilos to which the name extends have, however, a cry No marvel, an it like your majesty, My lord protector's hawks do tower so well. Shak., 2 Hen. VI., ii. 1. 10. I have tower'd For victory like a falcon in the clouds. more like the mewing of the catbird. See cut under Pi- pilo, and compare tuwhit and tuwhoo.-Oregon towhee, a black, white, and chestnut towhee bunting, Pipilo macu- latus oregonus, with spotted scapulars. to-whilest, conj. [ME., < to-1+ while.] While. York Plays, p. 3. tow-hook (to'huk), n. A tool used by artillery- men in unpacking ammunition-chests. Fletcher (and another), False One, v. 3. towindt, v. i. [ME., < to-2 + wind1.] 1. To II. trans. To rise aloft into. [Rare.] whirl about; revolve.
A special variety of owl, the tower-owl, which preferably nests in bell-towers of churches. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXX. 401. tower-shell (tou'èr-shel), n. A gastropod of the family Turritellida. towerwort (tou'ér-wert), n. The tower-mustard and some allied species of Arabis, formerly classed as Turritis. towery (tou'èr-i), a. [< tower +-y1.] 1. Having towers; adorned or defended by towers; towered. [Rare.]
Rise, crown'd with light, imperial Salem, rise! Exalt thy towery head, and lift thy eyes!
Sir Ferumbras, 1. 2568. 2. To go to pieces. Al to peces he towond. towing1 (tō'ing), n. [Verbal n. of towl, v.] 1. The act or work of drawing anything in tow; also, a charge made or an expense incurred for towing a vessel to or from her wharf, etc.; towage.-2. A sort of dredging done with a towing-net dragged over the surface of the water for the purpose of procuring specimens of natural history; also, the net results of such dredging, or the specimens thus procured. A collection received from him in June indicates that specimens (in dredging] were not neglected, and the surthe many rare opportunities afforded him for obtaining face towings he obtained are very rich in interesting forms. Smithsonian Report, 1887, ii. 135. towing2 (tō'ing), n. [< tow3+ -ing1.] In curledhair manuf., the operation of picking to pieces the ropes of hair after they have been steeped in water and then subjected to slow heat. towing-bitts (to'ing-bits), n. pl. Upright timbers projecting above the deck in the after part of a towboat, used for securing a tow-line. towing-bridle (tō'ing-bri"dl), n. An iron rod or piece of stout chain secured at each end to a towboat's deck, and having a large hook in the middle fitted for making fast a tow-rope. towing-hook (tōʻing-húk), n. The hook on a towing-bridle. Addison, Cato, ii. 1. towing-net (to'ing-net), n. A sort of drag-net or dredge of various sizes, made of strong can
In his honde His myghty spere, as he was wont to fighte, He shaketh so that almost it to-wonde. Chaucer, Complaint of Mars, 1. 102.
towing-net 6407 vas, and used in the collection of specimens of natural history; a tow-net. See towing1, 2. towing-path (to'ing-påth), n. A tow-path. George Eliot, Felix Holt, xi. towing-post (tōʻing-pōst), n. Same as towingtimber. towing-rope (tō'ing-rōp), n. Same as towline, 1. primary division of the county, but include only the space occupied by agglomerated houses. 7. A farm or farmstead; a farm-house with its connected buildings. [Scotland, Ireland, and the North of England.]-Cautionary town. See cautionary.-County town. See county-Free town. See free city, under city.-Laws of the Hanse towns. See Hansel-Man about town. See man.-Prairiedog towns. See prairie-dog.-To come upon the town, towing-timber (tō'ing-tim"bėr), n. Naut., a See come. To paint the town red. See paint. - Town and gown. See gown.-Town-bonding acts or laws. strong piece of timber fixed in a boat, to which See bond1.-Town's husband. (a) One who holds the a tow-rope may be made fast when required. office of a steward in looking after the affairs of a town. tow-iron (to'ī”ėrn), n. A toggle-iron used in Compare ship's husband, under husband. whaling; the harpoon attached to the tow-line. The following advertisement appears in the Hull Adtow-line (to'lin), n. 1. A hawser used for tow-vertiser, Aug. 8, 1795. "Guild-hall, Kingston upon Hull, Wanted by the Corporation of this Town, ing vessels. Also towing-rope.-2. In whaling, a proper person for the office of Town's Husband, or Com the long line which is attached to the toggle- mon Officer. He must be well acquainted with Accompts, capable of drawing Plans and Estimates for Buildings, and iron or harpoon, and by means of which the accustomed to inspect the workmanship of Mechanics." whale is made fast to the boat, and may tow it. N. and Q., 7th ser., VIII. 496. Also tow-rope. (b) An officer of a parish who collects moneys from the town (toun), n. and a. [< ME. town, toun, tun, parents of illegitimate children for the maintenance of <AS. tun, hedge, fence, inclosure, farm-house, the latter. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.]=Syn. 2 and 3. Ham=OS. tūn=D. tuin, hedge, garden, = MLG. tun let, Village, Town, City. A hamlet is a group of houses smaller than a village. The use of the other words in the =OHG. MHG. tun, G. zaun, an inclosure, hedge, United Kingdom is generally more precise than it is in Icel. tun, the inclosed infield, homestead, the United States, but all are used more or less loosely. dwelling-house; cf. Old Celtic *dun, appearing A village may have a church, but has generally no maras -dūnum in Latinized names of places, like ket; a town has both, and is frequently incorporated; a city is a corporate town, and is or has formerly been the Angusto-dunum, Lug-dunum, and in OIr. dun, cassee of a bishop, with a cathedral. In the United States a tle, city, W. din, a hill-fort, dinas, town. Hence village is smaller than a town, and a town usually smaller tinel, v.] I. n. 1. An inclosure; a collection than a city; there are incorporated villages as well as of houses inclosed by a hedge, palisade, or wall cities. Some places incorporated as cities are smaller than many that have only a town organization. for safety; a walled or fortified place. II. a. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a town; urban: as, town life; town manners.Town cards, a size of cards 2 by 3 inches. [Eng]-Town cause. See cause.-Town clerk. See clerk.-Town council, the governing body in a municipality, elected by the ratepayers. [Great Britain.1-Town crier, a public crier; one who makes proclamation.
And the kynge Rion com with all his peple, and beseged town all a-boute. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 616.
When necessity, by reason of warres and troubles, caused Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 300. The first of our society is a gentleman of Worcester- shire, of ancient descent, a Baronet, his name Sir Roger de Coverley. . . . When he is in town, he lives in Soho Square. Addison, Spectator, No. 2. As some fond virgin whom her mother's care Drags from the town to wholesome country air. Pope, To Miss Blount, ii. God made the country, and man made the town. Cowper, Task, i. 749. 3. A large assemblage of adjoining or nearly adjoining houses, to which a market is usually incident, and which is not a city or bishop's see. [Eng.]-4. A tithing; a vill; a subdivision of a county, as a parish is a subdivision of a diocese. [Eng.]
I had as lief the town-crier spoke my lines. Shak., Hamlet, iii. 2. 4. Town gate, the highroad through a town or village. Hal- liwell. [Eng.]-Town hall, a large hall or building be- longing to a town or borough, in which the town's business is transacted, and which is frequently used as a place of public assembly; a town house.-Town house. (a) A building containing offices, halls, etc., for the transaction of municipal business, the holding of public meetings, etc.; a town hall. (b) The town prison; a bridewell. (c) A poorhouse. (d) A house or mansion in town, as distin- guished from a country residence.-Town rake, a man living loosely about town; a roving, dissipated fellow. Lewdness and intemperance are not of so bad conse- quences in a town-rake as in a divine.
From the returns of the reign of Edward II. it is clear that the sheriff communicated the royal writ to the towns of his county. Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 422. 5. The body of persons resident in a town or city; the townspeople: with the.
tow-rope townless (toun'les), a. Lacking towns. Howell, Forreine Travell, p. 46. townlet (toun'let), n. [< town + -let.] A petty town. Southey, The Doctor, cxviii. Townley marbles. A collection of Greek and Roman sculpture which forms a part of the gallery of antiquities belonging to the British Museum, and is named from Charles Townley, of Lancashire, England, who made the collec- tion.
town-major (toun'mā'jor), n. Milit., a garrison officer ranking with a captain. His duties are much the same as those of the town-adjutant. town-meeting (toun'me'ting), n. In New England, New York, Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, and Illinois, a primary meeting of the voters of a town or township, legally summoned for the consideration of matters of local administration. The functions of the town-meeting are most extensive in New England.
Swift, Examiner, No. 29. Town top, a large top, formerly common in English vil. lages, for public sport, and whipped by several boys at the same time. town-adjutant (toun'aj ́ö-tant), n. Milit., an townamet, n. An erroneous spelling of to-name. town-boxt (tounʼboks), n. The money-chest or common fund of a town or municipal corpora- tion.
Upon the confiscation of them to their Town-box or Ex- ... 2 Mrs. Candour. The town talks of nothing else. Furnished with towns. to do. Bp. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 11. (Davies.) town-councilor (toun'koun'sil-or), n. A member of a town council, specifically a member who is not the mayor or provost or who is not a magistrate. [Great Britain.] town-cress (toun'kres), n. [< ME. *tounkers, < AS. tūn-cærse, < tun, inclosure (garden), + cærse, cress: see town and cress.] The garden peppergrass, Lepidium sativum. Maria. I am very sorry, ma'am, the town has so little towned (tound), a. Sheridan, School for Scandal, i. 1. [Rare.] The continent is . . . very well peopled and towned. 6. In legal usage in the United States: (a) In Hakluyt's Voyages, III. 254. many of the States, one of the several subdiviA towing-net. Nature, sions into which each county is divided, more ac- tow-net (to'net), n. curately called, in the New England States and XXXVII. 438. some others, township. (b) In most of the States, townfolk (toun'fōk), n. [< ME. tunfolk; < town the corporation, or quasi corporation, composed + folk.] People who live in towns. of the inhabitants of one of such subdivisions, town-husband (toun'huz"band), n. in some States designated by law as a township town's husband (b) (which see, under town). or incorporated township or township organiza- townish (tou'nish), a. [< town + -ish1.] tion. (c) In a few of the States, a municipal Of, pertaining to, or living in town. corporation (not formed of one of the subdivisions of a county, but having its own boundaries like a city) with less elaborate organization and powers than a city. The word town is popularly used both in those senses, and also in the sense of a collection of dwellings,' which is characteristic of most towns. Thus, the name of a town, such as Farmington, serves to indicate, according to the context, either the geographical area, as in the phrase "the boundaries of the town" (indicated on maps by a light or dotted line), or the body politic, as in speaking of the town and county highways respectively, or the central settlement from which distances are usually measured, as on the sign-boards. When used in the general sense of a densely populated community, the boundaries are usually not identical with those of any Same as 1.
Presently ther had a thousand of contre, Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2443. Would needs go see her townish sisters house. Wyatt, Satires, Mean and Sure Estate, 1. 4. 2. Characteristic of the town as distinguished from the country: as, townish manners. townland (toun'land), n. In Ireland, a division of a parish; a township. The modern townland may be looked upon as the repre- W. K. Sullivan, Introd. to O'Curry's Anc. Irish, p. xcviii.
The riche merchaunt, the poore Squier, the wise plough man, and the good townselike craftsman, needes no daughter in lawe that can fril and paint her selfe, but such as be skilfull very well to spinne.
Guevara, Letters (tr. by Hellowes, 1577), p. 296. townsfolk (tounz'fōk), n. pl. [< town's, poss. of town,+ folk. Cf. townfolk.] People of a town or city; people who live in towns. township (toun'ship), ". [< ME. *tounschipe, < AS. tunscipe, tun, inclosure, town, + -scipe, E. -ship.] 1. In Anglo-Saxon times, the area of land occupied by a community inhabiting a fenced homestead, a farm, or a village surrounded by an inclosure. S. Dowell, Taxes in England, I. 8.—2. In law: (a) In England, a town or vill where there are more than one in a parish; a division of a parish in which there is a separate constable, and for which there may be separate overseers of the poor. (b) In the United States, a territorial district, subordinate to a county, into which counties in many of the States are divided, the inhabitants of which are invested with political and administrative powers for regulating their own minor local affairs, such as repairing roads, maintaining schools, and providing for the poor; also, the inhabitants of such a district in their organized capacity. In the newer States, in which the divisions were laid off by government survey, a township contains thirty-six square miles. The subdivisions of California counties are called judicial townships. The townships of Wisconsin are more often called towns; those of Maine and New Hampshire are corporations. Compare town, 6.
3. In Australia, a village or small town. townsman (tounz'man), n.; pl. townsmen (-men). [< town's, poss. of town, +man.] 1. An inhabitant of a town.
These rivers doe runne into the towne to the great comCoryat, Crudities, I. 124. modity of the townsmen. 2. A fellow-inhabitant of a town; a fellowcitizen.
The subject of debate, a townsman slain. Pope, Iliad, xviii. 578. 3t. A town officer now called a selectman. [New Eng.] townspeople (tounz'pē"pl), n. [< town's, poss. of town, people.] The inhabitants, collec- tively, of a town or city; townsfolk, especially in distinction from country folk or the rural population. town-talk (toun'tâk'), n. The common talk of a town; a subject of common conversation or gossip. In twelve hours it shall be town-talk. Sir R. L'Estrange. Swift, Death of Stella. town-wall (toun’wâl′), n. A wall inclosing a
town. townward, townwards (toun'wärd, -wärdz), adv. [town + -ward, -wards.] Toward the town; in the direction of a town. towny (tou'ni), n. ; pl. townies (-niz). [< town + dim. -y2.] A townsman; specifically, a citizen of a town as distinguished from a member of a college situated within its limits. [Slang.] tow-path (to'pȧth), n. The path on the bank of a canal or river along which draft-animals travel when towing boats. tow-rope (tō'rōp), n. Same as tow-line.
towset, v. See touse. towser, towzer, n. See touser. towsie, towzie (touʼzi or töʻzi), a. [< touse + -y1 Sc. -ie.] See tousy.tow-willy (to wil"i), n. [Imitative.] The san- derling, Calidris arenaria. See cut under san- derling. [Prov. Eng.] towy (to'i), a. [< tow2 + -y1.] Containing or resembling tow.towzet, v. See touse. towzie, a. See towsie. toxæmia, toxæmic. See toxemia, toxemic. toxalbumin (tok-sal-būʼmin), n. [Ķ tox(ic) + albumin.] A poisonous ptomaine; toxin. toxanemia, toxanæmia (tok-sa-nē ́mi-ä), n. [NL. toxanæmia; tox(ic) + anæmia.] Anemia toxicology (tok-si-kolʼō-ji), n. [= F. toxicolo- caused by the action of poisons. gie, < Gr. τοξικόν, poison, + -λογία, « λέγειν, speak: toxaspiral (tok'sa-spi-ral), a. [< toxaspire + see -ology.] That branch of medicine which -al.] Pertaining to a toxaspire, or having its treats of poisons and their antidotes, and of the characters: as, a toxaspiral microsclere. effects of excessive doses of medicines. toxaspire (tok'sa-spir), n. [< Gr. Tógov, a bow, toxicomania (tok"si-kō-mā ́ni-ä), n. [< Gr. +σneiрa, a coil: see spire2.] Of sponge-spicules, Tokov, poison, + μavía, madness.] A morbid a microsclere or flesh-spicule representing one craving for poisonous substances. turn and part of another turn of a cylindrical Toxicophidia (tok"si-ko-fid'i-ä), n. pl. [NL., spiral of a higher pitch than that of a sigma-Gr. Tožikov, poison, + ópídiov, serpent: see spire. Viewed in one direction the toxaspire presents Ophidia.] Venomous serpents collectively; the the conventional figure of a bow recurved at each end Nocua: used in a quasi-classificatory sense, (whence the name). See toxius. Sollas. like Thanatophidia. Sci. Amer., N. S., LX. 295.
A turn and a part of a turn of a spiral of somewhat higher pitch than that of a sigmaspire gives the toxaspire. toxedt (tokst), a. [Short for intoxicated. Cf. tossicated.] Intoxicated. His guts full stuft, and braines well toxt with wine. Heywood, Dialogues (Works, ed. Pearson, 1874, VI. 191). toxemia, toxæmia (tok-se'mi-ä), n. [NL. toxæmia, Gr. Togikóv (see toxic), poison, aiua, blood.] The presence of a toxic substance or substances in the blood; septicemia; bloodpoisoning. toxemic, toxæmic (tok-se'mik), a. [<toxemia +-ic.] Pertaining to or of the nature of toxemia; affected with toxemia; septicemic. toxic (tok'sik), a. [= F. toxique, < L. toxicum, <Gr. Tožikov, sc. papμaкóv, poison, orig. poison with which arrows were dipped, neut. of TOCIKós, belonging to arrows or archery, rógov, a bow. Hence ult. intoxicate.] 1. Of or pertaining to toxicants; poisonous.-2. Toxicological: as, toxic symptoms.-Toxic convulsion, a convulsion caused by any toxic agent acting on the nervous system. longed action of toxic agents, as lead, alcohol, or opium. -Toxic epilepsy. See epilepsy. toxical (tok'si-kal), a. toxic + -al.] Same as toxic. -Toxic feeble mental action due to
toxically (tok'si-kal-i), adv. By toxicants, or stimulating or narcotic poisons; with reference to toxicology. Alien. and Neurol., IX. 364. toxicant (tok'si-kant), a. and n. [< toxic + -ant. Cf. intoxicant.] I. a. Having toxic effect; capable of poisoning.
II. n. A poison. toxicatet, v. t. [< MĻ. toxicatus, pp. of toxicare, poison, toxicum, poison: see toxic. Cf. intoxi cate.] To poison; intoxicate.
toxicatet, a. [ME. toxicat, L. toxicatus, pp.: see the verb.] Poisoned; poisonous; toxic. With toxicat uenym replete was certain. Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1429. toxicemia, toxicæmia (tok-si-se'mi-ä), n. [NL. toxicæmia, ‹ Gr. Tožıkóv, poison, + aiμa, blood.] Same as toxemia.
6408 toy Toxoglossa (tok-sō-glos ́ä), n. pl. [NL., Gr. toxicodermitis (tok" si-kō-der-mi'tis), n. toxicoid (tok'si-koid), a. [ Gr. Tоğikóv, poison, from a veneniferous gland, and there are rarely median +eldos, form.] Resembling poison. Dunglison. teeth. The division includes the families Conidæ, Pleu toxicological (tok"si-kō-loj'i-kal), a. [<*toxi-rotomidæ, and Terebridæ, and related forms. Also Toxi- cologic (=F. toxicologique; as toxicology +-ic) glossa, Toxifera. See cuts under Conus, Pleurotoma, and +-al.] Of or pertaining to toxicology. toxicologically (tok"si-kō-lojʻi-kal-i), adv. In a toxicological manner; as regards toxicology. toxicologist (tok-si-kol'ō-jist), n. [= F. toxi- cologiste; as toxicolog-y+-ist.] One who treats of or is versed in the nature and action of poi- [As sons.
toxicity (tok-sisʼi-ti), n. [< toxic + -ity.] The state of being toxic. Nature, XLIII. 504. Toxicodendron (tok"si-ko-den'dron), n. [NL. (Thunberg, 1796), transferred from the Toxicodendron of Tournefort (1700), a genus, now ranked as a species, of sumac (Rhus), < Gr. TOğıKóv, poison, + dévopov, tree.] A genus of apetalous trees, of the order Euphorbiacea and tribe Phyllantheæ. It is characterized by usually whorled entire leaves, and apetalous dioecious flowers, the numerous nearly sessile anthers large, erect, and densely crowded. The two species are natives of South Africa. They are small trees with very numerous rigid branches and coriaceous leaves. They bear axillary flowers, the pistillate solitary, the staminate forming dense cymes. T. Capense, the Hyænanche globosa of many authors, is the hyena-poi. son or wolveboon of the Cape of Good Hope, where its poisonous fruit is powdered and sprinkled upon raw meat for the purpose of killing noxious animals. toxicoderma (tok"si-ko-der'mä), n. [NL., Gr. TOZIKOV, poison, + dépua, skin.] Same as toxicodermitis. toxicodermatitis (tok"si-ko-dèr-ma-ti'tis), n. [NL.] Same as toxicodermitis.
Toxicophis (tok-sikʻō-fis), n. [NL. (Baird and Ancistrodon. See cut under moccasin. = glossa. Toxiglossa (tok-si-glos′ä), n. pl. [NL.] Same as Toxoglossa. toxii, n. Plural of toxius. toxin, toxine (tok'sin), n. [< Gr. Tožikóv, poi- son, in2, ine2.] Any toxic ptomaine.toxiphobia (tok-si-fō'bi-ä), n. [NL., Gr. To- (Kóv), poison, + póßos, fear.] A morbid fear of being poisoned. toxius (tok'si-us), n.; pl. toxii (-1). [NL., Gr. Tógov, a bow.] In sponges, a flesh-spicule or microsclere curved in the middle, but with both ends straight. Toxocampa (tok-so-kam'pä), n. [NL. (Guenée, 1841), < Gr. Tógov, a bow, +Kaurn, a caterpillar.] A genus of noctuid moths, typical of a family Toxocampida. The body is slender, the head not fas- ciculate, and the legs are rather robust. The species are found in Europe, India, and South Africa. The larvæ liv on leguminous plants.
Toxocampida (tok-so-kam'pi-dē), n. pl. [NL. toxodont (tok'so-dont), a. and n. I. a. Per- taining to the Toxodonta, or having their char- acters.
Toxodontidæ (tok-so-don'ti-dē), n. pl. [NL., <
toxoglossate (tok-so-glos ́āt), a. and n. II. n. A toxoglossate gastro
The cranial characters are in some respects those of the
pod. toxon (tok'son), n. [Gr. Tóžov, a bow.] Same as toxius. toxophilite (tok-sof'i-līt), n. and a. [< Gr. Tógov, a bow, + pileiv, love, + -ite2 (cf. Gr. 1- Anths, a lover).] I. n. A stu- Pleurotoma babylo- dent or lover of archery; one who practises archery, or who studies the his- tory and archæology of archery. Toxoglossate. nica, much enlarged. II. a. Same as toxophilitic.
What causes young people ... to wear Lincoln Green toxophilite hats and feathers, but that they may bring down some "desirable" young man with those killing bows and arrows of theirs? Thackeray, Vanity Fair, iii. toxophilitic (tok-sof-i-lit'ik), a. [toxophilite +-ic.] Relating or pertaining to archery or to Toxotes (tok'sō-tēz), n. the study of archery. Gr. TOGÓτns, a bowman, an archer, < rógov, a bow.] [NL. (Cuvier, 1817), < da; the archer-fishes. See cut under archerA genus of fishes, typical of the family Toxotifish. Toxotida (tok-sot′i-dē), n. pl. [NL.,< Toxotes +-idæ.] A family of acanthopterygian fishes, represented by the genus Toxotes. The body is oblong; the dorsal outline ascends nearly straight from the prominent lower jaw to the dorsal fin; the ventral outline is convex; the mouth is oblique and deeply cleft; the dorsal fin, which begins at about the middle of the body, opposite but rather longer than the dorsal, and has three has five strong spines and a short rayed part; the anal is spines; the ventrals are abdominal in position, with one spine and five rays. Several species inhabit East Indian and neighboring seas, as Toxotes jaculator, the archer-fish (which see, with cut). D. tuig, tools, utensils, apparatus, ornaments, toy (toi), n. [< ME. toye, prob. < MD. tuyg, stuff, trash (D. speel-tuig, playthings, toys), LG. tüg OHG. gi-ziug, MHG. ziuc, G. zeug, stuff, gear (cf. G. spielzeug, toys), = Icel. tygi, stuff, things, gear (lege-toj, plaything, toy). Sw. tyg, gear, stuff, trash, = Dan. töj, knack; an ornament; a gewgaw; a trinket; a Perhaps connected with tow1, tug.] 1. Aknickbauble. = = gear, =
Any silk, any thread, Shak., W. T., iv. 4. 326. One cannot but be amazed to see such a profusion of wealth laid out in coaches, the like precious toys, in which there are few princes in Europe who equal them. Addison, Remarks on Italy (Works, ed. Bohn, I. 504). 2. Something intended rather for amusement than for serious use; a means of diversion; hence, especially, an object contrived or used occasionally for the amusement of children or others; a plaything; also, something diminutive, like a plaything.
II. n. A mammal of the order Toxodonta. or value. Toxodonta, Toxodontia (tok-so-don'tä, -shi-ä), 3. A trifle; a thing or matter of no importance hibiting cross-relationships with perissodactyls, probo- scideans, and rodents, and whose common characters are as yet indeterminate.
'Tis a pretty toy to be a poet. Marlowe, Tamburlaine, I., ii. 2. All the world I saw or knew Seemed a complex Chinese toy, Fashioned for a barefoot boy! Whittier, Barefoot Boy.
A man whose wisdom is in weighty affairs admired A toy, a thing of no regard. Shak., 1 Hen. VI., iv. 1. 145. Play; amorous sport; caress. 4. 5t. So said he, and forbore not glance or toy A curious conceit or fable; a story; a tale. Here by the way I will tell you a merry toy. Latimer, Sermon bef. Edw. VI., 1550. I never may believe These antique fables, nor these fairy toys. Shak., M. N. D., v. 1. 3. 6t. A fantastic notion; a whim; a caprice.
toy Cast not thyne eyes to ne yet fro, As thou werte full of toyes.
Ta. Has he never been courtier, my lord? Mo. Never, my lady. Be. And why did the toy take him in th' head now? Chapman, Bussy D'Ambois, i. 1. [Now Scotch.] 7. Same as toy-mutch. On my head no toy But was her pattern. Fletcher (and another), Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 3. 8. In music, in old English writers, a dance-tune or other light, trifling piece.-9. A toy dog. In the Toys equal first went to the well-known Wee Flower and a very good Black-and-tan called Little Jem. The Field (London), Jan. 28, 1882. (Encyc. Dict.) Philosophical toy, any device or contrivance, of no practical use, which serves to illustrate some fact or principle as instructive manner, as a contrivance for producing the effects of so-called natural magic. The bottle-imp is good example. See cuts under Cartesian and phenakisLoscope. Steel toys. See steel. To take toyt, to be in science in an attractive or as a come restive; start.
6409 toylt, toylet, v. and n. Old spellings of toil. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 80. toyman (toi'man), n.; pl. toymen (-men). One who makes or sells toys.
The hot horse, hot as fire, Took toy at this, and fell to what disorder His power could give his will, bounds, comes on end. Fletcher (and another), Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. Toy dog, any dog bred to an unusually small or pygmy size and kept as a pet or plaything; a toy. Spaniels and terriers are so bred in some strains, and there are various mongrel toys. Toy spaniel. See spaniel, 1.-Toy terrier, a terrier bred to small or pygmy size and kept as a plaything. Such terriers are usually of the black-and-tan variety, and some of them are among the smallest dogs known.
Gilderoy (Child's Ballads, VI. 199). A roi fainéant who chewed bang, and toyed with dancing girls. Macaulay, Warren Hastings. To tick and toyt. See tick1. II. trans. To treat in playful fashion; play with.
But what in oddness can be more sublime woolen cap, without lace, frill, or border, and with flaps covering the neck and part of the shoulders, worn chiefly by old women. Also toy. [Scotch.] Toynbee's experiment. The exhaustion of air from the middle ear by swallowing when both the mouth and nostrils are closed. toyo (toi’ō), n. [S. Amer.] A fragrant plant of British Guiana, an infusion and syrup of the leaves and stems of which are employed as a remedy in chronic coughs. Treas. of Bot. toyon (toi'on), n. The Californian holly, Hetero- meles arbutifolia. Also tollon. toyoust (toiʼus), a. [< toy + -ous.] Trifling. Against the hare in all Prove toyous. Warner, Albion's England, v. 27. toy-shop (toi'shop), n. 1t. A shop where trin- kets and fancy articles were sold. All the place about me was covered with packs of rib- We stopped again at Wirman's, the well-known toyshop in St. James's Place.. . . He sent for me to come out of the coach, and help him to choose a pair of silver buckles. Boswell, Johnson, an. 1778. 2. A shop where toys or playthings are sold. toysome (toi'sum), a. toy-some.] Play- ful; playfully affectionate; amorous. Two or three toysome things were said by my lord (no ape was ever so fond!), and I could hardly forbear him. Richardson, Sir Charles Grandison, III. Ixxi. toywort (toi'wėrt), n. The shepherd's-purse, Capsella Bursa-pastoris. [Prov. Eng.] toze, tozer, etc. See tose, etc. T-panel (te'pan"el), n. See panel. T-plate (tē plāt), n. 1. An iron plate in cross- section like the letter T. Also called T-iron.-2. In vehicles and other structures, a wrought- iron stay or strengthening piece for reinforcing woodwork where one piece is joined to another by a mortise and tenon. shaped like the letter T, and has one or more screw- or bolt-holes on each arm. T-plate, 2. It is
They must have oyle, candles, wine and water, flowre, and such other things trifled and toyed withal. Dering, Expos. on Heb. iii. toy-block (toi'blok), n. One of a set of small blocks, usually of wood or papier-mâché, variously shaped, and plain, lettered, or pictured, forming a plaything for children. toy-box (toi'boks), n. A box for holding toys; a box of toys. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, ii. 6. to-year (tö-yer'), adv. [< ME. toyere; orig. two words: see tol and year. Cf. to-day.] In this year; during the year: often pronounced t' year. Grose. [Prov. Eng.] Yive hem joye that hit here Wanton Cupid, idle toyer,
W. Harrison, Passion of Sappho (Nichols's Collection), (IV. 183.
tr. An abbreviation: (a) of transitive; (b) of traast, n. A Middle English form of trace1. trabal (trabʻal), a. [< L. trabalis, belonging to beams, trabs, a beam: see trave.] Of or pertaining to a trabs; specifically, of or per- taining to the trabs cerebri, or corpus callosum; Buck's Handbook of Med. Sciences, callosal. VIII. 517. trabea (trā bē-ä), n.; pl. trabeæ (-e). [L.] A robe of state worn by kings, consuls, augurs, etc., in ancient Rome. It was a toga orna- mented with horizontal purple stripes. See toga.
toyishnesst (toi'ish-nes), n. Inclination to toy or trifle.
trace a pair of longitudinal cartilaginous bars, at the base of the skull, in advance of the end of the notochord and of the parachordal cartilage, inclosing the pituitary space which afterward becomes the sella turcica; in the human embryo, one of the lateral trabecules of Rathke. They are constant in embryos of a large series of vertebrates, and persistent in adults of some. More fully called trabeculæ cranii. See cuts under chondrocranium and Crotalus. 4. One of the calcareous plates or pieces which trabecular (tra-bekʼu-lär), a. -ars.] Of or pertaining to a trabecula; form- ing or formed by trabecule; trabeculate. trabecularism (tra-bek'u-lär-izm), n. [< tra- becularism.] In anat., a coarse reticula- tion, or cross-barred condition, of any tissue. trabeculate (tra-bek'ṛ-lāt), a. [< trabecula + atel.] 1. Having a trabecula or trabecula.— 2. In civil engin., having a structure of cross- bars or struts strengthening a shell or tube by connecting opposite sides of its interior; also, noting such a structure. trabeculated (tra-bek'u-la-ted), a. · [< trabec- ulate +-ed2.] Same as trabeculate. trabecule (trab’e-kūl), n. [< L. trabecula, dim. of trabs, a beam: see trabecula.] Same as tra- becula.
Your society will discredit that toyishness of wanton fancy that plays tricks with words, and frolicks with the caprices of frothy imagination. Glanville, Scep. Sci.
Plucking purples in Goito's moss, trabeated (trā bē-ā-ted), a. [< trabeate +-ed2.] In arch., furnished with an entablature; of or pertaining to a construction of beams, or lintel- construction. tions from the cell-wall which extend like a
trabeculus (tra-bek'u-lus), n.; pl. trabeculi
trace1 (tras), v.; pret. and pp. traced, ppr. tra- = It. tracciare, trace, devise, ‹ ML. *tractiare, delineate, score, trace, freq. of L. trahere, pp. tractus, draw: see tract1.] I. trans. 1. To draw; delineate; mark out, as on a map, chart, or plan; map out; design; sketch.
The Sea-works and Booms were traced out by Marquis Spinola. Howell, Letters, I. v. 6. We firmly believe that no British government has ever deviated from that line of internal policy which he [Lord Holland] has traced, without detriment to the public. Macaulay, Lord Holland. 2. To write, especially by a careful or laborious formation of the letters; form in writing.
trace The Monster, swifte as word that from her went, Went forth in haste, and did her footing trace. Spenser, F. Q., III. vii. 23.
6. To follow the course of by observation of the remains or vestiges; ascertain the position, course, contour, etc., of by noting and following the traces that exist.
You may trace out the Aqueduct all along by the remaining fragments of it. Maundrell, Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 52.
You may trace the deluge quite round the globe. T. Burnet, Theory of the Earth, iii. In his frank eyes she did not fail to trace A trouble like unto a growing hate, That, yet unknown to him, her love did wait. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 106. 8. To follow step by step: as, to trace the development of a plot: often with up, back, out. He traced up his descent on both sides for several genSteele, Tatler, No. 132. There is no prosperity, trade, art, city, or great material wealth of any kind, but if you trace it home you will find it rooted in a thought of some individual man. Emerson, Success. 9. To make one's way through or along; traverse; thread; perambulate. erations.
To his lady he come ful curteisly whanne he thoght tyme to dance with hir a trace. Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 58. 7. In fort., the ground-plan of a work.-8. In geom., the intersection of a plane with one of lessly examined to enable us to trace all the steps by by a self-registering instrument.-Foliar trace, the planes of projection.-9. The record made On the seventeenth we took another view of the vale of which the transformation took place. J. Fergusson, Hist. Arch., I. 345. 7. To observe traces or vestiges of; discover visible evidences or proofs of. in vegetable anat., a fascicle of fibrovascular bundles, arising in the fibrovascular system of a stem, and sooner or later passing out into a leaf.-Primitive trace, in embryol., same as primitive groove (which see, under primitive). Syn. 1, 3, and 4. Trace, Vestige. Trace is much broader than vestige. A vestige is something of the nature of signs or remains, very small in amount, showing that a thing has been in a certain place: as, not a vestige of the banquet remained. Trace may have this sense of a last faint mark or sign of previous existence or action; or it may stand for a very small amount of any sort: as, a trace of earthy matter in water; or it may stand for the sign, clue, or track by which pursuit may be made: as, to get upon the trace of game or of a fugitive. trace2 (trās), n. [Early mod. E. trays; < ME. trayce, trayse, prop. *trays, < OF. trays, trais, traces of a carriage, F. traits, pl. of trait, traict, a cord, chain, or strap by which a carriage is drawn: see trait. The word is thus ult. pl. of trait; cf. truce, also orig. pl.; and for the form, cf. also dice.] One of the two straps, ropes, or chains by which a carriage, wagon, or other vehicle is drawn by a harnessed horse or other
Our present worldes lyves space Nis but a maner deth, what weye we trace. Chaucer, Parliament of Fowls, l. 54. Not wont on foot with heavy armes to trace. Spenser, F. Q., VI. iii. 29. He would now be up every morning by break of day, tracing and walking to and fro in the valley. Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, ii. 21. To step; pace; dance.
= For Coridon could daunce, and trimly trace. Spenser, F. Q., VI. ix. 42. trace1 (tras), n. [<ME. trace, traas, OF. trace, F. trace = Pr. trassa, tras = Sp. traza = Pg. traço It. traccia, an outline, track, trace; from the verb.] 1. The track left by a person or an animal walking or running over the ground or other surface, as snow or the like; footprints; the track, trail, or rut left by something which is drawn along, as a cart; the marks which indicate the course pursued by any moving thing.
To trace the brakes and bushes all about, J. Dennys (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 164). draft-animal. See cut under harness. We do trace this alley up and down. Than thinketh he, "Thogh I praunce al byforn, Shak., Much Ado, iii. 1. 16. Trauersing and tracing the seas, by reason of sundry and manifolde contrary windes, vntill the 14 day of July. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 235. II. intrans. 1. To move; go; march; make one's way; travel. I mote endure, and with my feeres drawe." Chaucer, Troilus, 1. 222. Twelve young mules, New to the plough, unpractised in the trace. Pope, Odyssey. In the traces, of persons, in harness; at regular and steady employment, especially such as one has become well versed in.-Ladies' traces, a form (probably a preferable one) of lady's-tresses.—To kick over the traces. See kick. trace2 (trās), v. t.; pret. and pp. traced, ppr. tracing. [trace2, n.] To hitch up; put in the traces.
These as a line their long dimension drew, Streaking the ground with sinuous trace.
Hans Van Ripper now began to feel some uneasiness about the fate of poor Ichabod and his saddle. An inquiry was set on foot, and after diligent investigation they came upon his traces. Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 452. 2t. Hence, a track or path; a way.
As traytoures on-trewe the sall teche them a trace. York Plays, p. 125. Let reason thee rule, and not will thee leade To folowe thy fansie, A wronge trace to treade. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 346. Alexis, let us rest here, if the place Be private, and out of the common trace Of every shepherd.
After hem comen of women swich a traas Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 285. 6t. A step or series of steps; a measure in dancing.
man. A boundless continent, having no outline traceable by De Quincey, Herodotus. Scarcely traceable tracts, paths, rude roads, fluished roads, successively arise. H. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., § 270. traceableness (tra'sa-bl-nes), n. The state of being traceable; traceability. Imp. Dict. Milton, P. L., vii. 481. traceably (tra'sa-bli), adv. In a traceable manner; so as to be traced. Encyc. Brit., XVIII. 768.
The shady empire shall retain no trace Such dreams of baseless good Oft come and go, in crowds or solitude, And leave no trace. Shelley, Julian and Maddalo. On the worn features of the weariest face Some youthful memory leaves its hidden trace. O. W. Holmes, The Old Player. 4. A small quantity; an insignificant proportion: as, tetradymite or telluride of bismuth usually contains traces of selenium. At one time our thoughts are distorted by the passion running through them; and at another time it is difficult to detect in them a trace of liking or disliking. H. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., § 434.
My fur ahin' [off wheel-horse]'s a wordy [worthy] beast As e'er in tug or tow was trac'd. Burns, The Inventory. trace3 (trās), v. t. Naut., a form of trice1. traceability (tra-sa-bil'i-ti), n. [< traceable + -ity (see -bility).]" The state of being traceable; traceableness. traceable (tra'sa-bl), a. [<trace1 + -able.] Capable of being traced.
trace-buckle (tras'buk”1), n. A long heavy buckle by which a harness-trace is attached to a tug. E. H. Knight. See cut under harness. trace-chain (trās'chān), n. A chain used as a
harness-trace. trace-fastener (tras'fås"nėr), n. A hook or catch to attach the hind end of a trace to a swingletree. E. H. Knight. trace-hook (trāsʼhuk), n. A hook on the end Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iii. 1. of a swingletree for engaging a harness-trace. 3. A token, indication, or sign of something trace-horse (tras'hôrs), n. E. H. Knight. One of the two that has passed over or away; a mark, impres-outside horses where three or four are driven sion, or visible evidence of something that has occurred or existed; a vestige.
abreast. traceless (tras'les), a. [< trace1 +-less.] That may not be traced; showing no mark or trace. On traceless copper sees imperial heads. Wolcot (Peter Pindar), Subjects for Painters. tracelessly (trās 'les-li), adv. Without leaving a trace. trace-loop (tras'löp), n. A square loop of metal serving to attach a harness-trace to the tracetrace-mate (trās māt), n. post or the end of a swingletree. E. H. Knight. Same as trace-horse. They termed the two next the pole yoke-steeds, and chariots]. those on the right and left outside trace-mates [in ancient L. Wallace, Ben-Hur, p. 208. tracer (tra'sèr), n. [< trace1 + -er1.] One who or that which traces, in any sense.
trachea Pliny, the onely man among the Latines who is a dili gent and curious tracer of the prints of Nature's footsteps. Hakewill, Apology, III. i. 5. (a) A small slender steel instrument, having a handle in the middle and its ends pointed more or less, and one of them usually also curved and edged, used in dissection as a compromise between scalpel and probe for tracing out the course of nerves, vessels, etc. It is usually held like a pen, and may be pushed into or drawn through tissue, as desired. Also called seeker. (b) One whose duty it is to trace or search out missing articles, as railway-cars, milk-cans, or letters.
letter, package, car, etc. (d) One who copies or makes (c) An inquiry sent out from a post-office, express-office, railway-station, or other establishment after some missing tracings of drawings, etc. (e) An instrument, like a stylus, for tracing drawings, etc., on superimposed paper. (ƒ) A simple kind of pantograph. (9) A form of outline- or copying-machine. It consists essentially of a long bar bal. anced by means of a universal joint near one end. The longer arm is directed toward the drawing, design, or other work to be copied on a reduced scale, and the shorter arm carries a pencil. On moving the point of the lon arm over the work, the pencil on the short arm reproduces a reduced copy of the work on paper held before it. By reversing the relative positions of the pointer and pencil, an enlarged copy may be made. Also called tracing-machine. (h) A tool, sometimes a small smooth-edged wheel set in a handle, by means of which a continuous line is impressed, as in ornamental metal-work. traceried (trā ́sėr-id), a. [ tracery +-ed2.] Ornamented with tracery of any kind. Quarterly Rev., CXLV. 427. tracery (tra'sèr-i), n. [< trace1 + -ery.] 1. In arch., permanent openwork built in a window, or an opening of similar character, in the form of mullions, which are usually so treated as to be ornamental, and, especially in medieval architecture, form in the head of the window arches and foliated curves, and later flowing lines, intersecting and enriched in various ways. The origin of tracery is due to the increase in the size of windows, which about the middle of the twelfth century became too large to be glazed safely without division by means of supports or mullions. At first the simple supports needed were provided, but the new feature began almost at once to be treated as an ornament, and was developed as such with the style, so that the tracery forms one of the surest criterions for determining the age and the place in art of a medieval building. Pure, delicate, and simple in outline until toward the close of the thirteenth century, tracery becomes less graceful and more elaborate in the fourteenth, and in the fifteenth flames out into the tongues and waves and spirals of the Flamboyant in France, and in England takes on the formal and mechanical repetitions of the Perpendicular style. With the Renaissance its forms are simplified to plain curves and rectangles. The most admirable medieval tracery is the French; the Italians excelled in pierced tracery or plate-tracery. The subdivisions of groined vaults, or any ornamental designs of the same nature for doors, paneling, ceilings, etc., are often termed tracery. See also cuts under lancet-window, geometric, decorated, plate-tracery, rose-window, flamboyant, perpendicular, mullion, fan-tracery, and foliation. 2. In decorative art, scrollwork or foliated ornament having no strong resemblance to nature: a term used loosely, and applied to work of many materials.-3. In lace-making, a pattern or added decoration, in general produced by raised ridges or bars: it is peculiar to pillowlace or bobbin-lace.-4. Any sculpture or ornamentation suggesting architectural tracery: as, the delicate tracery of an insect's wings. See sculpture, 4.-Bar-tracery, tracery formed of comparatively slender and long bars of stone, as distinguished from pierced tracery (see plate-tracery), and from tracery entirely built up of courses of small blocks.
Tracery: type of complete devel Opment, at the close of the 13th century.-Window-head of the Church of St. Urbain, Troyes, France.
There is a fine one [wheel window], of bar tracery, in the south transept of York. C. H. Moore, Gothic Architecture, p. 160. tracheal (tra-ke'a, commonly traʼkē-ä), n.; pl. trachea (-e). [NL., < LL. *trachea, "trachia, < Gr. Tpaxeia, the windpipe; prop. Tрaxεia ȧprηpía (L. arteria aspera), lit. 'rough artery,' so called with ref. to the rings of gristle; fem. of paxis, rough, rugged, harsh.] 1. In anat. and zool.: (a) The principal air-passage of the body; the windpipe, beginning at the larynx and ending at the bronchial tubes. It is a musculomembranous Page 8
trachea tube, stiffened and held open by a series of many cartilaginous or osseous rings, the first of which is usually specialized (see cricoid), and the last one or more of which are variously modified to provide for the forking of the single tracheal tube into a pair of right and left bronchial tubes (see pessulus). Through the larynx the trachea communicates with the mouth and nose and so with the exterior, and through the bronchial tubes with the lungs; and air passes through it at each inspiration and expira tion. The trachea exists in all vertebrates which breathe air with lungs, and is subject to comparatively little variation in character. In man the trachea is a cylindrical membranocartilaginous tube about as thick as one's finger, and 4 inches long, extending from the sixth cervical to the fourth dorsal vertebra, where it branches into the bronchi, lying along the front of the spinal column, the esophagus interposing between it and the vertebrae. The thyroid body is saddled upon it. Its structure includes many cartilaginous rings, some white fibrous tissue, yellow elastic tissue, muscular fibers, mucous membrane, and glands, besides nerves and blood-vessels. The tracheal rings (see ring1) are from sixteen to twenty in number, incomplete in a part of their circumference, being about one third filled in by fibrous tissue. The highly modified first ring, or cricoid, is usually excluded from this association and described as a part of the larynx. Tracheal mucous glands are found in abundance as small flattened oval bodies, with excretory ducts which pierce the fibrous, muscular, and mucous coats to open on the surface of the mucous membrane. The the trachea are de rived from the inferior thyroid; the tracheal veins empty in the thyroid vein; the nerves are from the pneumogastric and recurrent and the sympathetic. The trachea in other mammals resembles that of man. In birds the trachea presents several peculiarities; especially in long-necked birds this organ does not always follow the S-shaped curve of the cervical vertebræ, and requires special contrivance for shortening and lengthening when the neck is bent and straightened. The whole structure is highly elastic, and the rings are peculiarly beveled on opposite sides alternately, so that each one may slip half birds, as cranes and swans, the windpipe makes large folds or coils in the interior of the breast-bone or under the skin of the breast. The rings are prone to ossify in birds, and some of them are often greatly enlarged in caliber and soldered together into a large gristly or bony capsule, the tracheal tympanum, also called labyrinth. Besides its intrinsic muscles, the trachea is provided with others which pass to the furculum or sternum, or both. The lower end of the trachea is peculiarly modified in nearly all birds to form the lower larynx, or syrinx. See syrinx, 4 (with cut), also cuts under larynx, lung, and pessulus. (b) In Arthropoda, as insects, one of the tubes which traverse the body and generally open by stigmata upon the exterior, thus bring. ing air to the blood and tissues generally, and constituting special respiratory organs. Other forms of respiratory organs in arthropods are branchine, tracheobranchia, and pulmonary sacs. See branchiæ, 2, tracheobranchia, and pulmonary, 6. (ct) In conch., the siphon, or respiratory tube. See siphon, n., 2 (a), and cut under Siphonostomata.-2. In bot., a duct or vessel; a row or chain of cells that have lost their intervening partitions and have become a single long canal or vessel. They may be covered with various kinds of markings or thickenings, of which the spiral may be taken as the type. See vessel. Trachea2 (tra-kē ́ä), n. [NL.,< Gr. rpaxeía, fem. of Tрaxus, rough: see trachea1.] A notable genus of noctuid moths, containing one species, T. piniperda, known to English collectors as the pinebeauty. It is a common pest to pine and fir forests in Scotland and through northern and central Europe. The larva is slender, naked, and green, with three white lines on the back and a yellow or red line on the sides, and feeds on the older pine-needles. It passes the winter as pupa on or under the ground. This genus was named by Pine-beauty (Trachea piniperda). in 1816.
Trachearia (tra-kē-ā'ri-ä), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. of *trachearius: see tracheary.] The tracheate arachnidans, an order of Arachnida comprising those which breathe by trachea alone. It comprises the mites or acarids, the harvestmen or opilionines, the solpugids, and the false scorpions. See Pulmotrachearia. Also Tracheariæ and Tracheata.
trachearian (trā-kē-ā'ri-an), a. and n. [< Trachearia +-an.] I. a. Of or pertaining to the Trachearia; tracheate; trachean; tracheary. II. n. A tracheate arachnidan; a tracheary. tracheary (tra'ke-a-ri), a. and n. [<NL. *trachearius, trachea, windpipe: see tracheal.] I. a. Of or pertaining to the trachea or traches; breathing by means of trachea, not by pulmonary sacs, as an arachnidan.-Tracheary tissue, in bot., tissue composed of both traches and tracheïds. Also called trachenchyma. II. n. A member of the Trachearia. Tracheata (trā-kē-ā'tä), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. of *tracheatus, tracheate: see tracheate.] Same as Trachearia. tracheate (trā'kē-āt), a. and n. [< NL. *tracheatus, < trachea, windpipe: see tracheal.] I. a. Having a trachea or traches; pertaining to the Tracheata or Trachearia; tracheary.
II. n. Any tracheate arthropod; a tracheary. tracheated (trā ́ke-a-ted), a. [< tracheate + -ed2.] Same as tracheate. [Rare.]
The terrestrial tracheated air-breathing Scorpionida. Encyc. Brit., VI. 654. tracheid (tra-kē'id), n. [< trachea + -id2.] In bot., a single elongated taper-pointed and more or less lignified cell, usually having upon its surface peculiar markings known as discoid markings or bordered pits, and especially characteristic of the wood of gymnosperms. In a longitudinal radial section of pine wood, for example, the surface of the cells or tracheids presents a dotted appearance, due to the presence of one or more longitudinal series of bordered pits. These bordered pits have the appearance of concentric circles, and are really thin places in the wall of the cell; and in transverse section it may be seen that they are pits with an arched dome, and that the thin spot is common to two contiguous cells. tracheïdal (tra-kēʻi-dal), a. [< tracheid+-al.] In bot., pertaining to tracheids, or having their nature. tracheitis (trā-ke-i’tis), n. [NL.] Same as trachitis.
tracheal (trā kē-al), a. [< NL. trachealis, < trachea, windpipe: see trachea1.] 1. Of or pertaining to the trachea or windpipe: as, tracheal rings or cartilages; tracheal vessels; tracheal respiration.-2. In bot., of or pertaining to trachea.-Tracheal arteries, branches of the inferior thyroid ramifying upon the trachea.-Tracheal gill. See gilli.-Tracheal glands. See gland.-Tra cheal opercula. See operculum (b) (9).-Tracheal rales, bubbling sounds caused by the presence of liquid in the trachea, such as may be heard just before death, from the inability of the patient to expectorate; the death-rattle.-Tracheal rings. See tracheal, 1 (a), and ring1.-Tracheal tube. See tracheal, 1 (a).-Tracheal tympanum. See tracheal, 1 (a), and tympanum. trachealis (tra-kē-ā'lis), n.; pl. tracheales (-lēz). [NL. (sc. musculus): see tracheal.] An intrinsic muscle of the windpipe. In man the name is applied to the set of circular or transverse muscular fibers.
trachean (trā'ke-an), a. [< trachea1 + -an.] Having traches or trachea-like organs: as, a trachean arachnid; characterized by breathing through tracheæ: as, trachean respiration; having the form or functions of trachem: as, trachean branchiæ. Also tracheate and tracheary.
trachelo-occipital trachelipodan (trak-e-lip'o-dan),a. [<trachelipod-an.] Same as trachelipod. [< tratrachelipodous (trak-e-lip'o-dus), a. chelipod + -ous.] Same as trachelipod. trachelium (tra-kē'li-um), n.; pl. trachelia (-a). [NL., < Gr. páxnλos, the neck, throat, the middle part of a column.] 1. In arch., the neck of a column (which see, under neck). See cut under hypotrachelium.-2. [cap.] [Tournefort, 1700; earlier used by Lobel, 1576.] A genus of gamopetalous plants, of the order Campanula ceæ. It is distinguished from the type genus Campanula by densely corymbose flowers with narrowly tubular corollas slightly three-cleft at the apex. The 4 or 5 species are all natives of the Mediterranean region. They are perennial herbs or undershrubs, with tall stems bearing panicled corymbs of very numerous blue flowers, or in one species producing numerous short stems with the flower-clusters somewhat umbellate. T. cæruleum is cultivated for its flowers, under the name of throatwort. Trachelius (tra-kē'li-us), n. [NL. (Schrank, 1803; Ehrenberg), < Gr. тpáxnλos, neck.] The typical genus of Tracheliidæ, having highly vacuolar or reticulate parenchyma. T. ovum, which inhabits bogs, is the only well-established species. trachelo-acromial (tra-ke'lō-a-krō"mi-al), a. and n. [< Gr. τράχηλος, neek, + ἀκρώμιον, ἀκρωuía, the point of the shoulder-blade: see acromial.] 1. a. Connecting the shoulder-blade with cervical vertebræ, as a muscle; common to the neck and to the acromion.
II. n. The trachelo-acromial muscle. trachelo-acromialis (tra-ke'lō-a-krō-mi-ā'lis), n.; pl. trachelo-acromiales (-lēz). [NL.: see trachelo-acromial.] The trachelo-acromial muscle. Also called levator claviculæ (which see, under levator).
Trachelobranchia (tra-ke-lo-brangʻki-ä), n. pl. [< Gr. τpáxnλos, neck, + Bpáyxia, gills.] A section of docoglossate gastropods having a cervical gill, consisting only of the Tecturidæ. trachelobranchiate (tra-ke-lō-brangʻki-āt), a. Having gills on the neck, as certain mollusks; cervicobranchiate; specifically, of or pertaining to the Trachelobranchia. Trachelocerca (tra-ke-lo-sér ́kä), n. [NL. (Ehrenberg), < Gr. τpáxnλos, neck, + KÉρKOS, tail.] The typical genus of Trachelocercidæ, with a conspicuous apical annular groove, terminal mouth, and elastic extensile neck. T. olor is the swan-animalcule, so called from the long swan-like neck, and is found in ponds. It was formerly considered a vibrio and called Vibrio proteus, V. olor, or V. cygnus. It is one of the infusorians longest known, having been described as a "proteus" by Baker in 1752. The aspect of the animalcule as it swims, alternately contracting and extending the long neck, and swaying it from side to side in search of food, is not unlike that of the bird named, and has also been likened to the supposed action of a plesiosaur.
trachelalis (trak-e-la'lis), n.; pl. trachelales trachelate (trak'ē-lāt), a. [< NL. *trachelatus, <Gr. τрáxnλos, neck, throat.] In entom., hav- ing the form of a neck: said of the prosternum when it is produced anteriorly in a slender neck, as in certain Hymenoptera. Trachelia1 (tra-kē'li-ä), n. pl. [NL., Gr. Tpá- xnλos, neck, throat.] In Latreille's classifica- tion of insects, a division of heteromerous Cole- optera, including such genera as Meloë, Lytta, and Rhipiphorus: distinguished from Atrache- lia. Also Trachelida, Trachclides. trachelia2 (tra-kē'li-ä), n. Plural of trachelium. tracheliate (tra-kē'li-át), a. [<_ Trachelia + -atel.] Of or pertaining to the Trachelia: as, a tracheliate beetle. [NL., as Tra- Trachelida (tra-kel'i-dä), n. pl. chelia +-ida.] Same as Trachelia. trachelidan (tra-kel'i-dan), a. and n. [< Tra- chelida +-an.] I, a. In entom., having the head narrowed behind into a neck; of or pertaining to the Trachelia. tracheloclavicular (tra-kē"lō-kla-vikʼū-lär), a. see tracheloclavicular.] A small anomalous mus- cle of man, which sometimes extends from a II. n. A trachelidan beetle. Tracheliidae (trak-e-li'i-de), n. pl. [NL., < low cervical vertebra, as the sixth, to some part Trachelius + -idæ.] A family of holotrichous infusorians, whose type-genus is Trachelius. of the clavicle.
These animalcules are free-swimming, ovate or elongate, highly elastic, and ciliate throughout. The oral cilin are slightly larger than those of the general cuticular surface, and the oral aperture is situated at the base of a more attenuate and often trunk-like anterior prolongation (whence the name). Genera besides Trachelius are Amphileptus and Loxophyllum.
trachelipod (tra-kel'i-pod), a. and n. [ Trachelipoda.] I. a. Pertaining to the Trachelipoda, or having their characters. II. n. A member of the Trachelipoda. Trachelipoda (trak-e-lipʻō-dä), n. pl. [NL., irreg. Gr.rpáxnhos, neck, +лOUS (TOВ-)= E. foot.] In Lamarck's classification, the third order of mollusks, containing those univalves whose foot is attached to the neck (whence the name), and whose shell is spiral. They were contrasted with his gastropods (see Gasteropoda (b)). The trachelipot were primarily divided into tivo series on sitte in phytophagous and zoophagous, with many families each. [Not in use.]
Trachelocercida (trā-kē-lō-ser ́si-dē), n. pl. N., Trachelocerca +-ida.] A family of holotrichous ciliate infusorians, typified by the genus Trachelocerca. They are free-swimming ani malcules, flask-shaped or elongate, with neck-like prolongation and annular apical groove, a soft flexible cuticular surface, specialized oral cilia, and mouth terminal or nearly so.
trachelomastoid (tra-ke-lo-mas'toid), a. and n. [Gr. τpáxnλos, neck, + E. mastoid.] I. a. Connecting the neck with the mastoid process of the temporal bone, as a muscle of the back of the neck. II. n. The trachelomastoideus or trachelalis. trachelomastoideus (tra-kē"lō-mas-toi'dē-us), n.; pl. trachelomastoidei (-1). [NL.: see trachelomastoid.] The trachelomastoid muscle of the nape of the neck. It lies on the inner side of the transversalis colli, between this and the complexus, arises by several tendons from the transverse processes of cervical and some upper dorsal vertebrae, and is inserted into the mastoid beneath the insertions of the splenius and the sternomastoid. trachelo-occipital (tra-kē lō-ok-sip'i-tal), a. [< Gr. τрáxпños, neck, +L. occiput (occipit-), occiput: see occipital.] Pertaining or common to the nape of the neck and to the hindhead: specifying a muscle of this region, now.commonly called complexus.
trachelo-occipitalis trachelo-occipitalis (tra-kē lō-ok-sip-i-ta'lis), n.; pl. trachelo-occipitales (-lēz). [NL.: see trachelo-occipital.] The trachelo-occipital muscle, or complexus. See complexus2. trachelorraphy (trak-e-lor'a-fi), n. [< Gr. Tpáxnhos, neck, + paph, sewing, pánтew, sew.] In surg., the plastic operation for restoring a fissured cervix uteri. tracheloscapular (tra-kē-lō-skap'u-lär), a. Gr. τpáxnλos, neck, + LL. scapula, shoulder: see scapular.] Coming from or common the side of the neck and the scapular region, or shoulder: specifying certain veins which contribute to form the external jugular. Trachelospermum (trā-kē-lō-spėrʼmum), n. [NL. (Lemaire, 1839), so named when supposed to produce seeds with a distinct neck or beak; < Gr. τpáxnλos, a neck, + σñéрμa, seed.] A genus of plants, of the order Apocynaceæ, tribe Echitideæ, and subtribe Euechitideæ. It is characterized by seeds without a beak and by loosely corymbose cymes of regular flowers having a glandular or scaly calyx, and a salver-shaped corolla with oblong lobes and a constricted throat. There are 6 Asiatic species, and a seventh in the southern United States. They are shrubby climbers, with opposite leaves and white flowers. T. difforme, a native of river-banks from Virginia to Florida and Texas, is a climber reaching about 10 feet high, and bearing numerous creamy flowers in spring and summer. T. jasminoides is the Shanghai jasmine of greenhouses, formerly cultivated under the names Parechites and Rhynchospermum.
6412 Trachynotus intubation. surg., the operation of making an opening into trachycarpous (trak-i-kär'pus), a. [< Gr. the trachea or windpipe.-Tracheotomy-tube, the Tpaxus, rough, + каρπóç, fruit.] In bot., having tube used after tracheotomy for insertion into the open- rough fruit. ing made in the trachea, to facilitate breathing. Compare Trachycarpus (trak-i-kär'pus), n. [NL. (WendTrachinidæ (trā-kin'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Tra- land, 1861), so called with ref. to the woolly chinus + -ida.] A family of acanthopterygian fruit of one species; < Gr. paxis, rough, + fishes, of which the genus Trachinus is the type; кapós, fruit.] A genus of palms, of the tribe the weevers. They are related to the cottoids or mail. Corypheæ. It is characterized by polygamously monce[<cheeks, and also to the star-gazers, and are noted for the cious flowers with valvate segments, and an ovary of three pungency of their opercular and dorsal spines, which, distinct acute carpels connate at the base, each with a sesthough not connected with special poison-glands, may sile stigma terminal in fruit. There are 4 species, 2 natives inflict serious wounds. There are two dorsal fins, the first of the mountains of northern India and Burma, one in of which is short and is composed of about six strong China, and another in Japan. They are thornless palms, pungent spines; the second dorsal and the anal are both densely clothed above with a fibrous netting remaining long; and the ventrals are in advance of the pectorals, and from the leaf-sheaths. They bear terminal roundish leaves have a spine and five rays; the body is highest at the deeply cut into narrow two-cleft segments, with a biconvex protrusive eyes, and very oblique cleft of the mouth; and nape; the head is compressed, cuboid, with lateral and petiole, and entire densely fibrous sheath. The short or elongated numerous robust spadices are densely or loosethe preorbitals as well as the preoperculars are armed ly flowered, and covered at first by numerous large, comwith spines. The family was formerly taken in a more pressed, obliquely cut woolly spathes. The flowers are comprehensive sense, then including the members of sevsmall and yellowish, followed by a roundish fruit with eral other families, as Uranoscopidæ, Sillaginidæ, Notothin fleshy pericarp, and a single erect free seed with equatheniidæ, etc. As now limited it has but few species, ble corneous albumen. They vary very much in habit. T. mostly confined to the Mediterranean and Atlantic waters, Martianus, of the Himalayas, produces tall solitary trunks; though one occurs along the coast of Chili. The two Britin others the stems are low and tufted. The fruit is either ish species are justly dreaded, and have many local names blue or saffron-colored. The species have been often dealluding to their means of defense, as adder-fish, sea-adder, scribed under the genus Chamærops. T. excelsus is known sting-fish, sting-bull, stangster, etc. None are found on as hemp-palm. T. Fortunei, the Chinese fan-palm, conNorth American shores. See cut under Trachinus. sidered the only palm which is at all hardy in England, is trachinoid (trak'i-noid), a. and n. the source in China of a fibrous matting used for cordage, [< Trachiand made into clothing, which is said to be water-proof. nus + -oid.] I. a. Resembling or related to Trachycephalus (trak-i-sef'a-lus), n. [NL., < the weevers; having the characters of the Tra- Gr. Tрaxus, rough, + кɛpaλh, head.] A genus of chinidæ; of or pertaining to the Trachinidæ. Hylidæ, characterized by the extensive cranial II. n. A trachinoid fish. Trachinus (tra-ki ́nus), n. ossifications, which cause the head to seem bare [NL. (Linnæus, and rough on the upper side. T. lichenatus is 1758), < Gr. Tpaxis, rough, rugged.] The typi- a species known as the lichened tree-toad. cal genus of Trachinidæ. T. draco is the dragon- Trachycomus (trā-kikʻō-mus), n. [NL. (Cabanis, 1850), < Gr. τpaxús, rough, + kóμn, hair: see coma2.] A genus of timeli birds of the Oriental region. T. ochrocephalus is the yellow-crowned thrush or bulbul, formerly also called Ceylonese stare, rang. ing through the Malay peninsula to Java, Sumatra, and Borneo.
trachenchyma (tra-keng ki-mä), n. [NL., Gr. τpaxɛia, windpipe, +eyxvua, that which is poured in (cf. parenchyma): see enchymatous.] In bot., same as tracheary tissue. See tracheary. tracheobranchia (tra-ke-o-brang'ki-ä), n.; pl. tracheobranchiæ (-e). [NL., < Gr. Tрaxɛia, windpipe, + ẞpayxia, gills.] A breathing-organ of certain aquatic insect-larvæ, combining the character of a gill with that of an ordinary trachea.
The so-called Tracheo-branchiæ. are in no sense branchise, but simply take the place of stigmata. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 221. tracheobronchial (tra-ke-o-brongʻki-al), a. [< Gr. Tpaxeia, windpipe, + ẞpóyxia, the bronchial tubes: see bronchial.] Pertaining to the tra chea and the bronchi: same as bronchotracheal. tracheocele (trā-kē ́ō-sēl), n. [< Gr. τραχεῖα, windpipe, + khin, tumor.] An enlargement of the thyroid gland; bronchocele or goiter. tracheophone (tra-kē'ō-fōn), a. and n. [As Tracheophones.] I. a. Of or pertaining to the Tracheophones. II. n. A bird of the group Tracheophones. Tracheophones (tra-kē-ō-fō'nēz), n. pl. [NL., <Gr. paxeia, windpipe, town, voice.] In or nith., in Johannes Müller's classification (1847), one of three tribes of an order Insessores, containing certain South American families, distinguished by the construction of the syrinx both from the Polymyodi and from the Picarii of the same author. These birds are a part of the formicarioid Passeres of Wallace; and the name (also and preferably in the form Tracheophone) has of late more definitely attached to certain South American mesomyodian Passeres, represented by the very large families Formicariidæ and Dendrocolaptide and their immediate allies.
tracheophonine (tra-kē-o-fō'nin), a. [< tra- cheophone + -inc1.]* Same as tracheophone. Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 689, note. tracheophonous (tra-kē ́o-fō-nus), a. [< trache- ophone +-ous.] Same as tracheophone. tracheoscopic (tra-ke-o-skop'ik), a. [<tra- cheoscopy-ic.] Pertaining to or of the na- ture of tracheoscopy. tracheoscopist (trā-kē'ō-skō-pist), n. [< trache- oscopy + -ist.] One who practises tracheo- scopy.
tracheoscopy (tra-kē'ō-skō-pi), n. [< Gr. τρα- <Gr. Tpaxeia, windpipe, + orevwois, narrowing: see stenosis.] Stenosis of the trachea. tracheotome (trā-kē ́ō-tōm), n. [< Gr. τραχεῖα, windpipe, + -Toμos, ‹ Téμveiv, raμɛiv, cut.] A surgical knife used in tracheotomy. tracheotomist (tra-ke-ot'o-mist), n. [< trache- otom-y+-ist.] One who performs tracheotomy. tracheotomize (trā-ke-ot'o-miz), v. t.; pret. and pp. tracheotomized, ppr. tracheotomizing. [< tracheotomy + -ize.] To perform trache- otomy upon. Also spelled tracheotomise. Sci- ence, V. 173. tracheotomy (trā-ke-ot'o-mi), n. [<Gr. paxeia, windpipe, + -τομία, < τέμνειν, ταμεῖν, cut.] In
Lesser Weever (Trachinus vipera). domembranous trachitis. See pseudomembranous. Trachyglossa (trak-i-glos ́ä), n. pl. [NL., Gr. trachyglossate (trak-i-glos'at), a. and n. I. a. Having the tongue rough with radular teeth, as an octopod; of or relating to the Trachy- glossa. II. n. Any member of the Trachyglossa. Trachylobium (trak-i-lō'bi-um), n. [NL. (Hayne, 1827), so called with ref. to the rough pods; Gr. Tрaxús, rough, + 20ßós, pod: see lobe.] A genus of leguminous plants, of the suborder Cæsalpinicæ and tribe Amhersticæ. It is characterized by leaves composed of two coriaceous leaflets, and by flowers with caducous bractlets, each with five petals, all stalked, and somewhat equal, or with the two lower ones minute. There are 2 or 3 species, natives of the tropics in eastern Africa and the Mascarene Islands, with one in Asia, there commonly cultivated. They are trees with white flowers panicled at the ends of the branches. See copal and anime, 2. In trachle, trauchle (träch ́l, trâch ́l), v. t. [By trachoma (tra-kō'mä), n. [NL., < Gr. τpáxwμa, roughness, <rpaxús, rough, +-oma.] In surg., Trachymedusa (trak"i-mē-dū ́sē), n. pl. [NL., a granular condition of the conjunctiva of the Gr. Tpaxus, rough, + NL. Medusæ.] eyelids, frequently accompanied with haziness Haeckel's system of classification, an order of and vascularity of the cornea; granular lids: acalephs whose marginal bodies or sense-organs a serious disease, often occurring after puru- are tentaculicysts, and whose genitals are lent ophthalmia.-Trachoma glands. See gland. situated in the course of the radial canals. trachomatous (tra-kom'a-tus), a. [<tracho- No hydriform trophosome is known to occur. It is com- ma(t-) +-ous.] Pertaining to, of the nature of, posed of such forms as Pelagia, Trachynema, Aglaura, or affected with trachoma. Liriope, and Geryonia (or Carmarina), and corresponds to a part of the Haplomorpha of Carus or of the Monopsea of Trachomedusæ (trak"ō-me-dū’sē), n. pl. An Allman. incorrect form of Trachymedusa. Haeckel; E. trachymedusan (trak"i-mē-dū ́san), a. and n. [< Trachymedusæ + -an.] I. a. Pertaining to the Trachymedusæ, or having their characters. II. n. A member of the Trachymedusæ. Trachymene (trak-i-me'nē), n. [NL. (Rudge, 1811), so called with ref. to the woolly and some- what moon-shaped fruit; < Gr. 7paxus, rough, + un, moon.] A genus of umbelliferous plants, of the tribe Hydrocotyleæ. It is distinguished from the related genus Hydrocotyle by the absence of stipules. It includes about 14 species, one a native of New Caledonia, and one of Borneo, the others all Australian. They are usu- leaves, and white or blue flowers in simple umbels with ally hirsute herbs, with ternately dissected and toothed linear involucral bracts. The fruit is usually roughened with bristles or tubercles, one of the carpels often smoother Trachynematida (trak"i-nē-mat′i-dē), n. pl. or abortive. T. australis is known as Victorian parsnip. [NL., Trachynema(t-), the typical genus (< Gr. ily of hydromedusans, of the order Trachymedu- paxus, rough, + viua, a thread), +-idæ.] A fam- sæ, typified by the genus Trachynema (or Circe), having rigid marginal tentacles, and the geni- tals developed in vesicles in the eight radial canals. Also Trachynemida. Trachynotus (trak-i-nō'tus), n. pède, 1800), < Gr. rpaxis, rough, +varos, back.] [NL. (Lacé-A notable genus of carangoid fishes, with short
R. Lankester. Trachurops (trā-kūʼrops), n. [NL. (Gill, 1862), < Trachurus + Gr. wy, face, aspect, appear- ance, eye.] A genus of carangoid fishes, of fusiform shape, with the hinder part of the lateral line plated, the shoulder-girdle with a deep cross furrow at its junction with the isth- mus, and the eye very large. T. crumenoph- thalmus is the big-eyed scad, also called goggler and goggle-eyed jack (which see, under goggle- eyed). Trachurus (tra-kū'rus), n. [NL. (Rafinesque, 1810), L. trachurus, Gr. Tpáxovpos, paxoupos, the horse-mackerel, ‹ τрaxús, rough, + ovpá, tail.] A genus of carangoid fishes, the saurels, having the lateral line armed with bony cari- nate plates for its whole length. T. saurus, also silvery sides and a dusky opercular spot, and is a foot long. called scad, horse-mackerel, and skipjack, is greenish with It inhabits Atlantic waters both of Europe and of the trachy basalt (trak-i-ba-sâlt'), n. [<Gr.rpaxus, more or less calcitic and zeolitic matter dis formation of Bohemia.
Trachynotus free spines on the back (whence the name); the pompanos. There are several species, highly valued as food-fishes. See pompano, 1. trachyphonia (trak-i-fō'ni-ä), n. [NL., < Gr. τραχυφωνία, roughness of voice, < τραχύφωνος, rough-voiced,τрaxús, rough, + own, voice.] Roughness of the voice. Trachypteridæ (trak-ip-ter'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., <Trachypterus +-idæ.] A family of deep-sea acanthopterygian fishes, typified by the genus Trachypterus, of few species, some of which are noted for their fragility. T. arcticus is the dealfish (see cut under deal-fish), occasionally stranded on the British coasts. The family has been used with varying limits. In Günther's classification it included the Regalecida, or oar-fishes (see cut under Regalecus), and the Stylophoridæ. In Gill's it is restricted to tæniosomes with the body moderately long and much compressed; the head and opercular apparatus short (the operculum extended downward, the suboperculum below it, the inter operculum contracted backward and bounded behind by the operculum and suboperculum); the ventral fins with few rays in the young and atrophied or lost in the adult; the cranium with a myodome and basisphenoid; the supraoccipital prominent behind; the epiotics confined to the sides and back of the cranium; and no ribs. trachypteroid (tra-kip'te-roid), a. and n. Trachypterusoid.] I. a. Belonging to the Trachypteridæ, or having their characters; resembling or related to the king of the salmon. II. n. A fish of the family Trachypteridæ. Trachypterus (tra-kip'te-rus), n. [NL. (Gouan, 1770), Gr. Tpaxus, rough, + πтερóν, wing (fin).] The leading genus of trachypteroid fishes, characterized by the well-developed ventral fins of from four to six branched rays, and the long fan-shaped caudal fin. (See cut under dealfish.) T. altivelis is known as king of the salmon (which see, under king1). trachyspermous (trak-i-spėr'mus), a. [< Gr. Tpaxus, rough, + оñéрμа, seed.] In bot., having rough seeds; rough-seeded. Trachystomata (trak-i-stō'ma-tä), n. pl. [NL., <Gr. Tpaxus, rough, + σróμa, mouth.] A group of urodele amphibians, of eel-like form and without hind legs, as the Sirenida. The basioccipital, supra-occipital, and supratemporal bones are suppressed; there is no vomer, intercalare, or maxillary arch; and the propodials are distinct. See Sirenidæ, 1.
6413 tracing-lines (trā ́sing-līnz), n. pl. Naut., lines In lace tracing-paper (tra'sing-pā"per), n. 1. See pa- per.-2. Same as transfer-paper, 1. tracing-thread (tra'sing-thred), n. making: (a) A bordering thread thicker than most of the threads of the fabric, usually indi- cating the pattern. (b) A group or cluster of threads used for such bordering. Compare trol- ley-thread (under trolley), and Mechlin lace (un- der lace). tracing-wheel (trā ́sing-hwēl), n. A wheel used as a tracer; especially, a small toothed wheel attached to a handle by which it is run over a surface to mark a pattern in dotted lines. track1 (trak), v. t. [A var., prob. due to asso- ciation with the noun track, of treck (as in treck-pot), or trick (see trick3, draw), < MD. trecken, D. trekken, draw, pull, tow, delineate, sketch, also intr., travel, march, ÓFries. trek- [<ka, tregga= MLG. trecken, LG. trekken = MHG. G. trecken, draw, a secondary form of a strong verb seen in OHG. trehhan, MHG. trechen, draw, shove, scrape, rake. The L. trahere, draw (whence ult. E. tract1, trace1), is a differ- ent word. Cf. track2, n. and v.] 1. To draw; specifically, to draw or tow (a boat) by a line reaching from the vessel to the bank or shore. -2t. To draw out; protract; delay. = Yet by delaies the matier was alwaies tracked, and put over without any fruteful determination. Strype, Eccles. Mem., Hen. VIII., Originals No. 13.
trachyte (trak'īt), n. [= F. trachyte G. tra- chyt, Gr. Tpaxurns, roughness, <rpaxus, rough, rugged.] A volcanic rock exhibiting a char- acteristic roughness when handled. At present it is sought to limit the term to rocks composed essen- tially of sanidine, with more or less triclinic feldspar; hornblende, biotite, and magnetite are also frequently present in greater or less quantity. Much of the rock of the Cordilleras, formerly called trachyte, is now consid- ered by lithologists to belong more properly among the andesites.-Greenstone-trachyte. Same as propylite.- Quartz-trachyte, a rock distinguished from trachyte by the presence of quartz. As used by most lithologists, the same as liparite or quartz-rhyolite. trachyte-tuff (trak'īt-tuf), n. A fragmentary eruptive rock made up of trachytic material. See tuff3 and trachyte.
Like the other fragmentary volcanic rocks, the tuffs may be subdivided according to the lava from the disintegration of which they have been formed. Thus we have felsite-tuffs, trachyte-tuffs, basalt-tuffs, pumice-tuffs, porphyrite-tuffs, etc. Geikie, Text Book of Geol., 2d ed., p. 166.
track1 (trak), n. [K MD. treck, treke, D. trek, a track2 (trak), n. [Formerly also tract (by con- fusion with tract1); < OF. trac, a track, trace, a beaten way or path, a course, F. trac, track, < MD. treck, treke, a drawing, draft, delineation, feature, train, procession, a line or flourish with a pen, a sketch, D. trek, a draft, feature, expedition, MLG. trek, draft, expedition: see track1, n. (the same word derived directly from relation of track2 to track1, draw, cf. that of the D.), and track1, v. See also trek. For the trace1, 'track,' to trace1, 'draw.'] 1. A mark left by something that has passed along: as, the track of a ship (a wake); the track of a wagon (a rut). =
The weary sun, Thou do'st cleaue, with thy keen Fauchins force, The Bards and Breast-plate of a furious Horse, No sooner hurt, but he recoyleth back, Writing his Fortune in a bloody track. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Vocation. 2. A mark or an impression left by the foot, whether of man or beast; a footprint; specif- ically, in paleon., an ichnite or ichnolite; a fossil footprint, or cast of an extinct animal's foot. Compare trace1, 1, and trail1, 2.
trachytic (tra-kit'ik), a. [< trachyte + -ic.] tracing (trāʼsing), n. [Verbal n. of trace1, v.] 1. The act of one who traces.-2. A track or path; a course.
Not all those precious gems in Heav'n above Shall yield a sight more pleasing to behold, With all their turns and tracings manifold. Sir J. Davies, Dancing, st. 13. 3. A mechanical copy of a design or drawing, made by reproducing its lines as seen through a transparent medium, as tracing-paper. tracing-cloth (tra'sing-klôth), n. A smooth thin linen fabric, coated with size, used for making tracings of drawings, plans, etc., as less destructible than tracing-paper. Also called tracing-linen. tracing-instrument (tra'sing-in"strö-ment), n. An instrument of any kind used to facilitate tracing, or to make by tracing an enlarged or a reduced copy. See tracer (g), and cut under pantograph. tracing-linen (tra'sing-lin"en), n. tracing-cloth. Same as
Consider the atmosphere, and the exteriour frame and face of the globe, if we may find any tracks and footsteps of wisdom in the constitution of them. Bentley, Works, I. viii. § 8.
Behold Torquatus the same track pursue. Dryden, Eneid, vi. 1130. Up through that wood behind the church There leads from Edward's door
A mossy track, all over-boughed For half a mile or more. Coleridge, Three Graves. We all shrink, like cowards, from new duties, new responsibilities. We do not venture to go out of the beaten track of our daily life. J. F. Clarke, Self-Culture, p. 340. 4. A course followed; a way of going or proceeding: as, the track of a comet.
Thy Fancy like a Flame its way does make, If straight thy track, or if oblique, Thou know'st not.Tennyson, Two Voices.
5. The course or path laid out for horse-, foot-,
tracker anat., the course of a vessel, nerve, duct, etc.— 8. In zool., the sole of the foot.-Double-track road, a railroad having two tracks, so that trains may run in both directions at the same time.-In one's tracks, where one stands; as one goes; hence, then and there; on the spot.
He was in for stealing horses, but I think the real thief swore it off on him. If he did, God forgive him; he had better have shot the boy in his tracks.
The Century, XL. 224. Off the track, thrown from the track; derailed, as a railway-carriage; colloquially, having wandered away from the subject under discussion: as, the speaker was a long way off the track.-Side track. See side-track.-Singletrack road, a railroad having only one track, but provided with turnouts at intervals, so that trains may run both ways. To have the inside track. See inside.To make tracks, to go away; quit; leave; depart. [Slang.]
You will be pleased to make tracks, and vanish out of these parts forever! Kingsley, Two Years Ago, xiv. To make tracks for, to go for; go after. [Slang.] "I made tracks for that lad," said Robert, "I found him in the fields one morning."
Mrs. Humphry Ward, Robert Elsmere, xiii. Track-laying machine, a machine for laying rails in position on a railroad-track, the machine moving forward over each part of the track so laid. Syn. 3-6. Road, Path, etc. (see way), trail, pathway. track2 (trak), v. t. [< track2, n. Cf. OF. tracquer, surround in hunting, hunt down. In def. 3, cf. track1, v., draw, from which, or its source, track2, n. and v., is derived.] 1. To follow up the tracks of; follow by the tracks or traces left by that which is followed; trace; trail.
It was often found impossible to track the robbers to their retreats. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., iii. Through camp and town and wilderness He tracked his victim. Whittier, Mogg Megone, ii I will track this vermin to their earths. Tennyson, Geraint. 2. To ascertain by means of existing traces or remains; trace.
The whole line of their retreat might be tracked by the corpses of thousands who had died of cold, fatigue, and hunger. Macaulay, Frederic the Great. 3. To trace, follow, or mark out plainly. The straight course to her desire was tracked. Drayton, Barons' Wars, 1. 32. A thirst to spend our fire and restless force In tracking out our true, original course. M. Arnold, The Buried Life. 4. To make tracks over; traverse: as, to track the desert.-5. To make marks upon, as with wet or muddy feet. "Stand still there!" she called to me as I approached the door, "and don't come in to track my floor." H. B. Stowe, Oldtown, p. 21. track3+ (trak), n. [An erroneous form of tract1, as tract is an erroneous form of track2.] A tract of land.
Those small tracks of ground, the county of Poole, and the like. Fuller, General Worthies. (Richardson.) trackagel (trak ́aj), n. [< track1 +-age.] A drawing or towing, as of a boat on a river or canal; haulage; towage. trackage2 (trak'āj), n. [< track2+ -age.] The collective tracks of a railway. Science, XII. 46. track-athletics (trakʼath-let"iks), n. Athletics which are conducted on a track, as running, hurdling, walking, and bicycling: sometimes used in an enlarged sense to include jumping, shot- and hammer-throwing, pole-vaulting, etc. track-boat (trak'bōt), n. [tracki + boat.] A boat which is towed by a line from the shore; a canal-boat. Carlyle, Reminiscences, p. 104. track-chart (trak'chärt), n. A chart showing the path of a vessel at sea. track-clearer (trak'klēr"ėr), n. 1. A bar or guard suspended above the track just in front of the wheels of a locomotive or a horse-car, for the purpose of pushing any obstruction from the track; also, a cow-catcher, or a tracksweeper for removing snow from a railway.2. A triangular board at the outer end of the cutter-bar of a mowing-machine or harvester, serving at once to guide the grain to the cutter and to clear a path for the next course of the machine.
tracker one lever to another: opposed to sticker, which acts by pushing. See cut under organ. The tracker attached to the arm, . . . acted on by the pipe valve, pulls it shut, and no air is admitted to the pipe. Sci. Amer., N. S., LV. 83.
Like wind upon the waters tracklessly. tracklessness (trak ́les-nes), n. being without a track or path. trackman (trakʼman), n.; pl. trackmen (-men). One employed to look after a railway-track. The trackmen, in their red overstockings, their many- colored blouses, and their brilliant toques, look like gnomes. Scribner's Mag., IV. 646. trackmaster (trakʼmås"tèr), n. A railway of- ficial who has charge of a track. track-pot (trak pot), n. [Also treck-pot, truck- pot; track pot1.] A pot in which tea is drawn or infused; a tea-pot. [Scotch.] track-raiser (trak'rā"zėr), n. A tool of any kind, as a rail-jack or lifting-jack, for raising rails which have become sprung below the proper level. Sometimes a screw-jack mounted on a tripod is used, the hook being pushed below the rail, and the screw turned by a handspike. track-road (trakʼrōd), n. [< track1 + road.] A tow-path. track-scale (trak'skāl), n. A scale which weighs a section of railway-track with the load stand- ing on it. E. H. Knight. track-scout (trak'skout), n. [<track1 + scout, after D. trek-schuit, a draw-boat,< trekken, draw, + schuit, boat: see trekschuit.] Same as trek- schuit.
3. pl. See sticker2, 6. tracker2 (trak'ėr), n. [< track1+-er1.] 1. One who or that which pursues or hunts by following the track or trail; a trailer. He... followes pretty feet and insteps like a hare tracker. Brome, Sparagus Garden, iii. 4. And of the trackers of the deer Scarce half the lessening pack was near. Scott, L. of the L., i. 4. The Missourian, an excellent tracker, took up the bloody trail. T. Roosevelt, The Century, XXXVI. 209. 2. One who observes and follows. The country parson, who is a diligent observer and tracker of God's ways, sets up as many encouragements to goodness as he can. G. Herbert, Country Parson, xi. track-harness (trak här"nes), n. A light, plain, breast-collar single harness. E. H. Knight. track-hound (trakʼhound), n. A dog which hunts or tracks by scent, as a sleuth-hound. We retraced our steps, intending to return on the mor- railroad, an apparatus for registering the aline- ment, level, and general condition of a track on which a car containing the apparatus is moving. It is used on a dynagraph-car. See dynagraph. track-layer (trakʼlā”èr), n. A workman occu- pied in the laying of railroad-tracks. trackless (trak'les), a. [< track2 + -less.] Un- trodden; without path or track; unmarked by 4t. Attractive influence; attraction; charm. footprints or paths: as, trackless deserts. Hell never own me, Where birds with painted oars did ne'er The state of
It would not be amiss if he travelled over England in a stage-coach, and made the tour of Holland in a track-scoute. Martinus Scriblerus, i. 11. Shallops, track-scouts, and row-boats with one accord took place in line. Harper's Mag., LXXVIII. 681. track-walker (trak'wâ“ker), n. A trackman who inspects a certain section of railway-track, especially before the passage of very fast trains, to look for breaks or other defects, and to tighten up wedges and nuts. The chapters give a logical account of the origin and development of Railways in America, and describe the work of the railroad man from president to track-walker. Scribner's Mag., VI., p. 29 of adv'ts. trackway (trak’wā), n. A tramway. tract1t (trakt), v. t. [< L. tractus, pp. of trahere, draw, carry off, draw out, protract, delay, retard; prob. not connected with E. draw, drag. Hence ult. (from L. trahere) E. tract, n., with its doublets trait, trace2, etc., tract2, tracts, etc., attract, contract, detract, etc., extray, portray, treat, treatise, treaty, tractate, tractable, etc., attrahent, contrahent, subtrahend, etc., trace1, tracks, etc. The verb tract, with the noun, has been more or less confused in some senses with track and track2.] 1. To draw; draw out; protract; waste.
6414 Yet (tracting time) he thought he would provide
He [Crassus] tracted time, and gaue them leisure to prepare to encounter his force. North, tr. of Plutarch, p. 474.
Well did he tract his steps as he did ryde. Spenser, F. Q., VI. vii. 3. His heart hath wrestled with deaths pangs, From whose sterne cave none tracts a backward path. Marston and Barksted, Insatiate Countess, i. tract1 (trakt), n. [Early mod. E. tracte; L. tractus, a drawing, train, extent, a district, ex- tent of time, in gen. extension, length, ML. a treating, handling, doing, business, commerce, a song, etc., in a great variety of uses; tra- here, pp. tractus, draw: see tract, v. From the same L. noun are also ult. E. trait and trace2.] 1. Extent; a continued passage or duration; process; lapse: used chiefly in the phrase tract of time. This in tracte of tyme made hym welthy. Fabyan, Chron., lvi. Silly Wormes in tracte of time ouerthrowe statelye Townes.Lyly, Euphues, Anat. of Wit, p. 110. A lifelong tract of time reveal'd. Tennyson, In Memoriam, xlvi. 2t. Course or route; track; way. Vnderstandyng, by reason of the sphere, that if I shulde sayle by the way of the northwest wynde I shulde by a shorter tracte coome to India, I thereuppon caused the kynge to bee aduertised of my diuise. The church clergy at that time are allowed to have 2. In the Roman and some other Western litur- gies, an anthem consisting of verses from Scrip- ture (generally from the Psalms), sung instead of the Alleluia after the gradual, or instead of the gradual, from Septuagesima till Easter R. Eden, tr. of Sebastian Cabot (First Books on America, (tractim) by the cantor without interruption eve: so called from being sung 'continuously' [ed. Arber, p. 288). The whole tract of a Comedy shoulde be full of delight, Sir P. Sidney, Apol. for Poetrie. of other voices. Also tractus.-Albertine tracts. See Albertine.-Brehon Tracts. See brehon.- Oxford tracts, a series of ninety pamphlets, entitled Tracts for the Times, published at Oxford from 1833 to 1841, the doc- trines of which formed the basis of the Tractarian move- ment. See Tractarianism.-Tract No. 90. See Tractari- anism.-Tract society, a society for the printing and dis- tribution of religious tracts. tract4+ (trakt), n. [An erroneous form of track2, simulating tract1.] Track; footprint.
B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, ii. 1. Coryat, crudities, I. 90. Where Apollo's Fane refulgent stands Was heretofore a Tract of Pasture-Lands. Congreve, tr. of Ovid's Art of Love. 6t. Trait; lineament; feature.
The discovery of a man's self by the tracts of his countenance is a great weakness and betraying. Bacon, Simulation and Dissimulation (ed. 1887). 7. In anat., an area or expanse; the extension
Tractarian termined connections.-Tract of Gowers, the anterolateral ascending tract (which see, above). tract2+ (trakt), v. t. [L. tractare, handle, treat, freq. of trahere, draw: see treat, and cf. tracti.] 1. To handle; treat.
9. In her., same as tressure.-Anterolateral as cending tract, a somewhat comma-shaped tract occupy. ing comma tract, a somewhat comma-shaped group of and upper thoracic regions.-Direct cerebellar tract. encephalon, or olfactory process of the prosencephalon, tracts. See powder-down.-Pyramidal tract. pyramidal.-Respiratory tract. (a) The middle column of the spinal marrow, whence, according to Sir Charles Bell, the respiratory nerves originate. (b) The air-passages collectively.-Semilunar tract, a tract of white fibers, in the lateral part of the cerebellar hemisphere, of unde See
.. The erle grauously perswaded the magestrates of the citees and tounes, and so gently and familiarly vsed and tracted the vulgare people. Hall, Hen. IV., an. 1. Hence-2. To discourse or treat of; describe; delineate.
· The man [Ulysses]
tract3 (trakt), n. [< ML. tractus, a treating, handling, etc., an anthem, particular uses of L. tractus, a drawing: see tract2, and cf. tractate.] 1. A short treatise, discourse, or dissertation; especially, a brief printed treatise or discourse on some topic of practical religion.
They lookt about, but nowhere could espye Tract of his foot. Spenser, F. Q., II. iii. 19. They [the English] could not come near them [Indians], but followed them by ye tracte of their feet sundrie miles. Bradford, Plymouth Plantation, p. 81. tractability (trak-ta-bil'i-ti), n.; pl. tractabilities (-tiz). [L. tractabilita(t-)s, tractabilis, tractable: see tractable.] The state or process of being tractable; especially, docility; submissiveness.
I trace lines of force in her face which make me sceptical of her tractability. Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, xxix. A wild man, not of the woods, but the cloisters, nor yet civilized into the tractabilities of home. Bulwer, Caxtons, i. 1. (Latham.) = = tractable (trakʼta-bl), a. [In other use treata- ed, handled, or managed, tractare, take in hand, handle, manage, freq. of trahere, draw: see tract1, tract2, and treat.] 1t. Capable of being touched, handled, or felt; palpable. But they [the angels] had palpable and tractable bodies 2. Easily handled or wrought.
.. This metall [gold] is a body tractable and bryght, of colgreatly disposeth the myndes of men to desyre it and esoure lyke vnto the soonne. And, beinge seene, it teme it as a thyng most precious. R. Eden, tr. of Vannuccio Biringuccio (First Books on [America, ed. Arber, p. 362). Hence-3. Manageable; governable; easily led; docile; pliant.
It is seldome sene that frendship is betwene these parsones: a man sturdie, of oppinion inflexible,... with him that is tractable, and with reason persuaded. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, ii. 11. Massinger and Dekker, Virgin-Martyr, iii. When England shall meet with Princes tractable to the Prelacy, then much mischiefe is like to ensue. Milton, Reformation in Eng., ii. (trak'ta-bl-nes), n. Tracta
tractableness bility. It will be objected, that whatsoever I fancy of the tractableness of children, there are many who will never tractably (trak'ta-bli), adv. In a tractable apply themselves to their books. Locke, Education, § 86. manner; with compliance or docility. Tractarian (trak-ta'ri-an), a. and n. [< tract3 + -arian.] I. a. Pertaining to the Tractarians or their doctrines.
II. n. One of the promoters or adherents of Tractarianism.
Tractarian A reaction begins in England with Wesley. It is seen in Tractarianism (trak-tā'ri-an-izm), n. [< Trac- tarian + -ism.] A system of religious opinion and practice promulgated within the Church of England in a series of papers entitled "Tracts for the Times," published at Oxford between 1833 and 1841. The movement began as a counter- movement to the liberalizing tendency in ecclesiasticism and the rationalizing tendency in theology, and was in its inception an endeavor to bring the church back to the prin- ciples of primitive and patristic Christianity. Its funda- mental principles were that the Christian religion in- volves certain well-defined theological dogmas, and a visi- ble church with sacraments and rites and definite religious p teaching on the foundation of dogma, and that this visible church is based upon and involves an unbroken line of episcopal succession from the apostles, and includes the Anglican Church. The tracts consisted of extracts from the high-church divines of the seventeenth century and the church fathers, with contributions by Newman, Froude, Pusey, and Isaac Williams. In the last of the series, Tract No. 90, Dr. (afterward Cardinal) Newman took the ground that the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England are in large part susceptible of an interpretation not inconsistent with the doctrines of the Council of Trent. This tract was condemned by a number of bishops and heads of colleges, and a part of the Tractarians (among them Newman in 1845) entered the Church of Rome, others remaining with Dr. Pusey and John Keble in the Church of England, and maintaining the principles of sacramental efficacy and apostolic authority within that communion.
Silver, whose ductility and tractility are much inferiour *tractio(n-), a drawing, L. trahere, pp. tractus, draw, drag: see tract.] 1. The act of draw- ing, or the state of being drawn; specifically, in physiol., contraction, as of a muscle.-2. The act of drawing a body along a surface, as over water or on a railway. The power ex- traction. The line in which the force of traction acts is called the line of traction, and the angle which this line
tractional (trak'shon-al), a. [<traction + -al.]
traction-aneurism (trak'shon-an“ṛ-rizm), n.
traction-engine (trak'shon-en"jin), n. Amova-
Traction-engine. a, driving-wheels with V-shaped projections on their rims to pre- The steam-dome and smoke-stack are shown at ƒ and g. When it is
trade with the cells contained in it. See cut under spinal cord. -Tractus intestinalis, the intestinal tract, or alimentary canal; the whole intestine from mouth to anus. See cuts under alimentary and intestine.-Tractus opticus, the optic tract, the band of white nerve-tissue which arises from the diencephalon, and forms a chiasm with its fellow in front of the tuber cinereum. See optic.—Tractus spiralis foraminulentus, a shallow spiral furrow in the center of the base of the bony cochlea, exhibiting groups of foramina through which the filaments of the cochlear nerves pass. tradt. A Middle English preterit of tread. trade1 (trād), n. and a. [A later form, due partly to association with the related noun tread and the orig. verb tread, of early mod. E. trode, trod, ME. trod, footstep, track, AS. trod, footstep, <tredan (pret. træd, pp. treden), step, tread: see tread, v., and cf. tread, n., trod, trode. The appar. irregularity of the form (the reg. form is trode or trod, as still in dial. use) and the deflection of sense (from the obs. senses 'track, path,' etc., to the present usual senses, 'business, commerce, exchange') have obscured the etymology, suggesting an origin from or a confusion with F. traite, trade, Sp. trato, treatment, intercourse, communication, traffic, trade, etc.: see trait, tract2.] I. n. 1t. A footstep; track; trace; trail.
Streight gan he him revyle, and bitter rate,
on common roads, as distinguished from loco- motive engine, used on a railway. A traction-gearing (trak'shon-ger" ing), n. mechanical arrangement for utilizing the force of friction or adhesion by causing it to turn a wheel and its shaft. A wheel traction-wheel (trak'shon-hwēl), n. which draws or impels a vehicle, as the driving- wheel of a locomotive. Power is applied to the wheel, and its frictional adhesion to the surface on which it bears is the direct agent of progression. E. H. Knight. Tractite (trak'tīt), n. [< tract3 +-ite2.] Same as Tractarian. Imp. Dict. tractitious (trak-tish'us), a. [< L. trahere, pp. tractus, draw (see tract2),+ -itious.] Treating; handling. [Rare.] Imp. Dict. tractive (traktiv), a. [= F. tractif, < L. trac- tus, pp. of trahere, draw: see tract1.] Trac- tional; drawing; needed or used in drawing. In any plexus of forces whatever, the resultant of all the J. Fiske, Cosmic Philos., I. 293. tractlet (trakt’let), n. [< tracts + -let.] A small tract.tractor (trakʼtor), n. [< NL. tractor, < L. tra-
tum. So defined, the curve is conflued to as tract1, 7.-2. Same as tracts, 2.-Tractus in- termediolateralis, the lateral cornu of the spinal cord
2+. Path; way; course. A postern with a blind wicket there was, A common trade to passe through Priam's house. Surrey, Eneid, ii. 587. By reason of their knowledge of the law, and of the autoritee of being in the right trade of religion
Talking of the Tractators-so you still like their tone! tractatrix (trak-tā’triks), n. [Fem. of tracta- tor.] In geom., same as tractrix. tractellate (trak'te-lāt), a. [<tractellum + -atel.] Having a tractellum, as an infusorian. tractellum (trak-tel'um), n.; pl. tractella (-a). [NL., dim. <L. tractus, a tract: see tract1.] The anterior vibratile flagellum of a biflagellate in- fusorian, used for locomotion: correlated with gubernaculum. tractile (trakʼtil), a. [<L. *tractilis, < trahere, pp. tractus, draw, drag: see tract1.] Capable of being drawn out in length; ductile. What varied wonders tempt us as they pass! The Spaniards dwell with their families, and exercise divers manuary trades. Coryat, Crudities, I. 122. Thy trade to me tell, and where thou dost dwell. Robin Hood and the Butcher (Child's Ballads, V. 33). Begging is a trade unknown in this empire. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, i. 6. 7. Specifically, the craft or business which a person has learned and which he carries on as a means of livelihood or for profit; occupa- The consistencies of bodies are very divers; trac- tractility (trak-til'i-ti), n. [< tractile + -ity.] long been disused. Also called Perkins's tractors. for the cure of diseases. See tractor. Homœopathy has not died out so rapidly as Tractora O. W. Holmes, Med. Essays, Pref. from one of the liberal arts or of the learned tion. tractory (trak'tō-ri), n.; pl. tractories (-riz). [NL. *tractorius, L. trahere, pp. tractus, draw: tractrix (trakʼtriks), n. see tract1.] A tractrix. [NL., fem. of tractor.] A transcendental curve invented by Christian Huygens (1629-95), He [Macbeth] feels the resistless traction of fate, sees 4. The adhesive friction of a body or object, as of a wheel on a rail or a rope on a pulley. straight line, without any effect of momen- E. H. Knight.-5. An action the negative of
J. Udall, On Luke xix. You were advised . . . that his forward spirit Would lift him where most trade of danger ranged. Shak., 2 Hen. IV., i. 1. 174. 3t. The bearing part of the felly of a wheel; the tread of a wheel.
The utter part of the wheele, called the trade. Withals' Dict. (ed. 1608), p. 79. (Nares.) 4t. Course of action or effort.
Long did I love this lady; Long my travail, long my trade to win her. Fletcher and Massinger, A Very Woman, iv. 3. 5t. Way of life; customary mode or course of action; habit or manner of life; habit; custom; practice. In whose behauiors lyeth in effect the whole course and trade of mans life, and therefore tended altogither to the good amendment of man by discipline and example. Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 25. The ancient trade of this realm in education of youth was to yoke the same with the fear of God, in teachto ing the same to use prayer morning and evening, make beysaunce to the magistrates. Huggard, Displaying of the Protestants, p. 85. (Davies, [under beysaunce.) Thy sin's not accidental, but a trade. Shak., M. for M., iii. 1. 149.
Crabbe. (Imp. Dict.) 8. The exchange of commodities for other commodities or for money; the business of buying and selling; dealing by way of sale or exchange; commerce; traffic. Trade comprehends every species of exchange or dealing, either in the produce of land, in manufactures, or in bills or money. It is, however, chiefly used to denote the barter or purchase and sale of goods, wares, and merchandise, either by wholesale or by retail. Trade is either foreign or domestic. Foreign trade consists in the exportation and importation of goods, or the exchange of the commodities of different countries. Domestic or home trade is the exchange or buying and selling of goods within a country. Trade is also wholesale (that is, by the package or in large quantities) or it is by retail, or in small parcels. The carrying-trade is that of transporting commodities from one country to another by water.
Let this therefore assure you of our loues, and every yeare our friendly trade shall furnish you with Corne. Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, I. 209. But I have been informed that the trade to England is sunk, and that the greatest export now is to France. Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 90. Page 9
trade 9. The persons engaged in the same occupation or line of business: as, the book-trade. All this authorship, you perceive, is anonymous; it gives me no reputation except among the trade. Irving. (Imp. Dict.) 10. A purchase or sale; a bargain; specifically, in U. S. politics, a deal. But it is not every man's talent to force a trade; for a customer may choose whether he will buy or not. Dryden, Duchess of York's Paper Defended. Give us something like the Australian system of voting, so that the resulting legislature will represent the state's business interests, and not a series of deals, dickers, trades, and bargains. The Century, XXXVII. 633. 11t. The implements, collectively, of any occupation. The shepherd with him all his patrimony bears, His house and household gods, his trade of war. Dryden, tr. of Virgil's Georgics, iii. 535. 12. Stuff: often used contemptuously in the sense of 'rubbish.' [Prov. Eng. and New Eng.] Ale, sir, and aqua vitæ, and such low-bred trade, is all I draw now-a-days. Kingsley, Westward Ho! xiv. Balance of trade. See balance.- Board of trade. (a) In the United States, an association of business men established in most large cities for the furtherance of commercial interests, the enactment of rules for the regulation of trade, and the consideration of legislation affecting banking, insurance, railroads, customs, etc.; a chamber of commerce. (b) [caps.] In Great Britain, a committee of the Privy Council which has, to a large extent, the supervision of British commerce and industry. At its head are the President of the Board of Trade, who is usually a member of the Cabinet, the parliamentary secretary (formerly vice-president), the permanent secretary, and six assistant secretaries at the head of six departments-the commercial, harbor, finance, railway, marine, and fisheries. Attached to the Board of Trade are also the bankruptcy and emigration departments, the Patent Office, etc. A committee for trade and the plantations existed for a short time in the reign of Charles II. The council of trade was again constituted in the reign of William III., but discontinued in 1782. In 1786 the Board of Trade was organized, and its functions were subsequently greatly extended.—Coasting-trade. coasting.-Course of trade. See course1.- Fair trade, a proposed system of trade between Great Britain or British possessions and other countries, as advocated by the British fair-traders and the Fair-Trade League since about 1886. The fair-traders disclaim the intention of returning to protection, and aim at establishing reciprocity, and at the imposition of retaliatory duties on imports from countries which tax British products.-Free trade. See free.-Jack of all trades. See Jack1.-Round trade, on the Gaboon river, a kind of barter in which the things See exchanged comprise a large assortment of miscellaneous articles. Also called bundle-trade.-To blow trade, to blow (in) one course; blow constantly in the same direction. See trade-wind.
The wind blowing trade, without an inch of sayle we spooned before the sea. Hakluyt's Voyages, III. 849. Tricks of the trade. See trick1. =Syn. 6 and 7. Pursuit, Vocation, etc. See occupation. II. a. Pertaining to or characteristic of trade, or of a particular trade: as, a trade practice; a trade ball or dinner; trade organizations. Trade dollar. See dollar.-Trade price, the price charged by the manufacturer or publisher to dealers in the same trade for articles that are to be sold again at an advance.-Trade sale, an auction sale by manufacturers, publishers, or ers of goods to the trade. trade1 (trād), v.; pret. and pp. traded, ppr. trading. [trade1, n.] I. intrans. 1t. To take or keep one's course; pass; move; proceed. His grizly Beard a sing'd confession made What fiery breath through his black lips did trade. J. Beaumont, Psyche, i. 17.
2. To engage in trade; engage in the exchange, purchase, or sale of goods, wares, and merchandise, or anything else; barter; buy and sell; traffic; carry on commerce as a business: with in before the thing bought and sold. This element of air which I profess to trade in. I. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 25. 3. To buy and sell or to exchange property in a specific instance: as, A traded with B for a horse or a number of sheep.-4. To engage in affairs generally; have dealings or transactions. How did you dare To trade and traffic with Macbeth In riddles and affairs of death? Shak., Macbeth, iii. 5. 4. 5. To carry merchandise; voyage or ply as a merchant or merchantman. They shall be my East and West Indies, and I will trade to them both. Shak., M. W. of W., i. 3. 79. To trade on, to take advantage of or make profit out of: as, to trade on another's fears.-Touch and trade papers. See paper. II. trans. 1t. To pass; spend. Of this thyng we all beare witnesse, whom here ye see standinge, whiche haue traded our liues familiarly with him. J. Udall, On Acts ii. 2t. To frequent for purposes of trade. The English merchants trading those countreys. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 458. 3. To sell or exchange in commerce; barter; buy and sell.
6416 They traded the persons of men. Ezek. xxvii. 13. Ready to "dicker" and to "swap," and to "trade" rifles and watches. J. F. Cooper, Oak Openings, ii. 4+. To educate; bring up; train: with up.
A Wild Rogue is he that is born a Rogue; he is more subtle and more given by nature to all kind of knavery than the other, as beastly begotten in barn or bushes, and from his infancy traded up in treachery. Harman, Caveat for Cursetors, p. 38. Euerie one of these colleges haue in like maner their professors or readers of the toongs and seuerall sciences, as they call them, which dailie trade up the youth there abiding priuatlie in their halles. A Harrison, Descrip. of Eng., ii. 3 (Holinshed's Chron., I.). trade2 (trād), n. [Abbr. of trade-wind.] trade-wind: used commonly in the plural. trade3t. An obsolete preterit of tread. tradedt (tra'ded), a. [< trade1 + -ed2.] Versed; practised; experienced.
Eyes and ears, Two traded pilots 'twixt the dangerous shores Of will and judgment. Shak., T. and C., ii. 2. 64. Nay, you are better traded with these things than I, and therefore I'll subscribe to your judgment. B. Jonson, Every Man out of his Humour, ii. 1. trade-fallent (trād′fâ”ln), a. Unsuccessful in business; bankrupt. [Rare.]
Younger sons to younger brothers, revolted tapsters, and ostlers trade-fallen. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., iv. 2. 32. tradeful (trād'fùl), a. [< trade1 +-ful.] Busy in traffic; trafficking.
Ye tradefull Merchants, that with weary toyle Do seeke most pretious things to make your gain. Spenser, Sonnets, xv. Musing maid, to thee I come, Hating the tradeful city's hum. J. Warton, Ode to Solitude. trade-hall (trād ́hâl), n. A large hall in a city or town for meetings of manufacturers, traders, etc.; also, a hall devoted to meetings of the incorporated trades of a town, city, or district.
Its small size causes it [the town-hall at Bruges] to suffer considerably from its immediate proximity to the clothhall and other trade-halls of the city.
J. Fergusson, Hist. Arch., I. 603. trade-mark (trād'märk), n. A distinguishing mark or device adopted by a manufacturer and impressed on his goods, labels, etc., to indicate the origin or manufacturer; in law, a particular mark or symbol which is used by a person for the purpose of denoting that the article to which or to packages of which it is affixed is sold or manufactured by him or by his authority, or used as a name or sign for his place of business to indicate that he carries on his business at that particular place, and which by priority of adoption and more or less exclusive use, or by government sanction and registration, is recognized and protectable as his property. In Great Britain, the United States, and other countries the registration and protection of trade-marks are provided for by statute. The earliest trade-marks appear to have been those which were used in the manufacture of paper, and which are known as water-ma Of these the most ancient known appears on a document bearing the date 1351 - that is, shortly after the invention of the art of making paper from linen rags. The foundation of the protection afforded by the law to the owners of trade-marks is in the injustice done to one whose trade has acquired favor with the public if competitors are allowed, by colorable imitation of methods first adopted recognizable, to induce intending purchasers to take and continuously used by him for making his products their goods instead of his. The same kind of protection is therefore given, within just limits, to style and color of package and label as to specific symbols.- Music trademark, the official mark of the United States Board of Music Trade. It consists of a star inclosing a numeral which indicates the retail price of the piece in dimes.Trade-Marks Act, a British statute of 1862 (25 and 26 Vict., c. 88) to prevent the fraudulent marking of merchandise, the forging or altering of trade-marks, etc. trademaster (trad más tér), n. One who teaches others in some trade or mechanical art; a man who instructs boys in some kind of handicraft.
In our prisons the schoolmaster and the trademaster take the place of the executioner.
Nineteenth Century, XXIV. 759. trade-name (trādʼnām), n. A name invented or adopted as the specific name or designation of some article of commerce. trader (trā ́dėr), n. [< trade1 + -er1.] 1. One who is engaged in trade or commerce; one whose business is buying and selling, or barter; one whose vocation it is to buy and sell again personal property for gain. In the law of bankruptcy and insolvency much discussion as to the meaning of the term has resulted from the fact that several systems of such laws have applied different rules to traders, or merchants and traders, from those applicable to other persons. See merchant. Traders riding to London with fat purses. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., i. 2. 141. A butcher who kills only such cattle as he has reared himself is not a trader; but if he buy them and kill
trade-unionism them and sell them with a view to profit, he is a trader. ... Any general definition of the word trader would fail to suit all cases. Each case has its peculiarities. We are to look to the object to be attained by the requirement that the trader shall keep a cash book.
Peters, C. J., 76 Maine, 499. 2. A vessel employed regularly in any particular trade, whether foreign or coasting: as, an East Indian trader; a coasting trader.-Post trader. See post-trader.-Room trader, a member of the (New York) stock-exchange who buys and sells stocks on the floor of the exchange for his own account and not for a client, and without the intervention of another broker; a broker who is his own client. Tradescantia (trad-es-kan'shiä), n. [NL. (Lin næus, 1737), named after John Tradescant (died about 1638), gardener to Charles I. of England.] the tribe Tradescantiex in the order CommelinaA genus of monocotyledonous plants, type of
ceæ. It is characterized by flowers in sessile or panicled fascicles within the base of complicate floral leaves, by anther-cells commonly on the margins of a broadish connective, and by a three-celled ovary with two ovules in each cell. There are about 32 species, all American, both northern and tropical. They are perennial herbs with simple or somewhat branched stems of much variety in leaf and habit. The fascicles of the inflorescence resemble compact umbels, but are centrifugal; they are either loosely or densely panicled, or, as in I. Virginica, are reduced to a single fascicle. The species are known as spiderwort (which see); three or four occur within the United States, of which T. Virginica is widely distributed and is often cultivated in gardens; two others are southernT. rosea and T. Floridana. Several species are cultivated under glass, as T. discolor, a white-flowered evergreen with leaves purple beneath, and T. zebrina, a trailing South American perennial. See wandering-jew. tradesfolk (trādz'fōk), n. pl. [< trade's, poss. of trade1, + folk.] People employed in trade; tradespeople.
By his advice victuallers and tradesfolk would soon get Swift. all the money of the kingdom into their hands. tradesman (trādz'man), n.; pl. tradesmen (-men). [trade's, poss. of trade1, + man.] 1. A person engaged in trade; a shopkeeper.
There's one of Lentulus' bawds B. Jonson, Catiline, v. 6. 2. A man having a trade or handicraft; a mechanic. tradespeople (trādz'pē"pl), n. pl. [< trade's, poss. of trade1, + people.] People employed in the various trades. trades-union (trādzʼū”nyon), n. [< trades, pl. of trade1, + union. Cf. trade-union.] Same as trade-union. See etymology of trade-union.
[< [< Their notion of Reform was a confused combination of rick-burners, trades-unions, Nottingham riots, and in general whatever required the calling out of the yeomanry. George Eliot, Felix Holt, Introd. trades-unionism (trādz'ū ̋nyon-izm), n. trades-union + -ism.] Same as trade-unionism. trades-unionist (trādz'u"nyon-ist), n. trades-union + -ist.] Same as trade-unionist. tradeswoman (trādz'wum"an), n.; pl. tradeswomen (-wim"en). [< trade's, poss. of trade1, +woman.] A woman who trades or is skilled in trade. trade-union (trād′ū”nyon), n. [< trade1 + union. Though the words are used synonymously, tradeunion differs both in extent of meaning and etymologically from trades-union (< trades, pl. of trade1, + union), which prop. means a union of men of several trades; a trade-union may be a union of men of a single trade or of several trades.] A combination of workmen of the same trade or of several allied trades for the purpose of securing by united action the most favorable conditions as regards wages, hours of labor, etc., for its members, every member contributing a stated sum, to be used primarily for the support of those members who seek to enforce their demands by striking, and also as a benefit fund.
Trade-Unions are the successors of the old Gilds. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), Int., p. clxv. Trade Unions are combinations for regulating the relations between workmen and masters, workmen and workmen, or masters and masters, or for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any industry or business. Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 499. Trade-union Act, an English statute of 1871 (34 and 35 Vict., c. 31), afterward amended, which recognizes tradeunions as lawful, and prescribes regulations for them. trade-unionism (trād'u"nyon-izm), n. [< ing, as workers in the same trade or in allied trade-union + -ism.] The practice of combintrades, for mutual support and protection, especially for the regulation of wages, hours of labor, etc.; also, trade-unions collectively. Also trades-unionism.
trade-unionism The leading aims of all trade unionism are to increase wages and to diminish the labour by which it is needful to earn them, and further to secure a more equal distribution of work among the workmen in any given trade than would be the case under a régime of unrestricted competition. Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 501. trade-unionist (trād'ū"nyon-ist), n. [< tradeunion + -ist.] A member of a trade-union; one who favors the system of trade-unions. Also trades-unionist.
Misapprehension on the part of socialists, as well as of trade unionists and other partisans of labor against capi- tal. J. S. Mull, Socialism.
traditor rived immediately from them by artists, schools, or writers.-Tradition Sunday, Palm Sunday: so called from the fact that on that day the Creed was formerly taught to candidates for baptism on Holy Saturday. Encyc. Dict. tradition (tra-dish ́on), v. t._[< tradition, n.] To transmit as a tradition. [Rare.] The following story is... traditioned with very much credit amongst our English Catholics. Fuller. (Imp. Dict.) = tradition (tra-dish'on), n. [< ME. tradicion, < trans, over, + dare, give: see date1. Cf. treason, traditional (tra-dish'on-al), a. [= F. tradi- a doublet of tradition.] 1. The act of handing tionnel Sp. Pg. tradicional, ML. traditio- over in a formal the act of delivering into the bands of another; de-nalis, of tradition, < L. traditio(n-), tradition: 1. Of, pertaining to, or de- livery. rived from tradition; communicated from an- cestors to descendants by word of mouth only; transmitted from age to age without writing; founded on reports not having the authenticity or value of historical evidence; consisting of traditions. The covenant is God's justifying instrument, as signi- Baxter, Life of Faith, iii. 8.
trade-wind (trād ́wind), n. [<trade1, 2, + wind, Cf. to blow trade, under trade1.] A wind that blows in a regular trade or course-that is, continually in the same direction. Trade-winds, or specifically the trade-winds, prevail over the oceans in the equatorial regions, from about 30° N. latitude to 30° S. latitude, blowing in each hemisphere toward the thermal equator, but being deflected into northeasterly and southeasterly winds respectively by the earth's rotation. Over the land the greater friction, irregular temperaturegradients, and local disturbances of all kinds combine to interrupt their uniformity. The trade-winds form a part of the general system of atmospheric circulation arising from the permanent difference in temperature between equatorial and polar regions. By the greater heating of the torrid zone the air is expanded, occasioning a diminished density of the surface-layer and an increase of pressure at high levels, which produce a tendency for the air to flow off toward the poles on either side. This overflow reduces the atmospheric pressure near the equator, and increases it in the higher latitudes to which the current flows. These conditions, therefore, give rise to two permanent currents in each hemisphere-a lower one, the trade-wind, blowing from near the tropics to the thermal equator, and an upper one, the anti-trade, flowing from the equator to about the thirtieth parallel of latitude, where it descends, producing there the calms of Cancer and Capricorn, and continues northward or southward, according to the hemisphere, as a surface-current with a component of motion to the eastward, arising from the earth's rotation. In the northern hemisphere these anti-trades are much interrupted by irregular temperature-gradients over the great continents was true. It is not true that written history is a mere tradition of falsehoods, assumptions, and illogical deductions, of what the writers believed rather than of what they knew, and of what they wished to have believed rather than what Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 75. 3. A statement, opinion, or belief, or a body of statements or opinions or beliefs, that has been handed down from age to age by oral communiand by cyclonic storms; but in the southern hemisphere, cation; knowledge or belief transmitted without the aid of written memorials. "" where these disturbances are less, the anti-trades attain
Thus to the Eastern wealth through storms we go, But now, the Cape once doubled, fear no more; A constant trade-wind will securely blow, And gently lay us on the spicy shore. Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 304. trading (trā'ding), a. [Ppr. of trade1, v.] 1. Moving in a steady course or current. [Rare.] They on the trading flood Ply, stemming nightly toward the pole. Milton, P. L., ii. 640. 2. Carrying on commerce; engaged in trade: as, a trading company.-3. Given to corrupt bargains; venal.
6417 and the vehicle, plow, etc., the extension of the spring
What in him was only a sophistical self-deception, or a mere illusion of dangerous self-love, might have been, by the common herd of trading politicians, used as the cover for every low, and despicable, and unprincipled artifice. Brougham, Hist. Sketches, Canning. tradiometer (tra-di-om ́e-tėr), n. A species of dynamometer for determining the draft of vehicles, plows, mowing-machines, etc. In one form the draft is applied to a kind of spring scale interposed between the draft-animal or propelling machine
As a private conveyance, Mancipation was extremely clumsy, and I have no doubt it was a great advantage to Roman society when this ancient conveyance was first subordinated to Tradition or simple delivery, and finally superseded by it. Maine, Early Law and Custom, p. 352. 2. The handing down of opinions, doctrines, practices, rites, and customs from ancestors to posterity; the transmission of any opinion or practice from forefathers to descendants or from one generation to another, by oral communication, without written memorials.
Say what you will against Tradition; we know the Sig. nification of Words by nothing but Tradition. Selden, Table-Talk, p. 111.
Roselayn is a place where are the Cisterns called Solo-
4. (a) In theol., that body of doctrine and disci-
Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of the The authority for this endless, mechanical religionism was the commands or traditions of the Fathers, handed down from the days of the Great Synagogue, but ascribed with pious exaggeration to the Almighty, who, it was said, had delivered them orally to Moses on Mount Sinai. C. Geikie, Life of Christ, II. 205. By apostolical traditions are understood such points of Catholic belief and practice as, not committed to writing in the Holy Scriptures, have come down in an unbroken series of oral delivery, and varied testimony, from the apostolic ages. Faith of Catholics, II. 387. In Mohammedanism, the words and deeds of Mohammed (and to some extent of his compan- ions), not contained in the Koran, but handed down for a time orally, and then recorded. They are called hadish, 'sayings,' or oftener sunna, 'cus- toms,' and they constitute a very large body, and have given rise to an immense literature. By their acceptance or non-acceptance of the traditions as authoritative, the Mohammedans are divided into Sunnites and Shiites. See Sunna, Sunnite. 5. A custom handed down from one age or gen- eration to another and having acquired almost the force of law.
Mr. Tulliver was, on the whole, a man of safe traditional opinions. George Eliot, Mill on the Floss, i. 3. While in the course of civilization written law tends to replace traditional usage, the replacement never becomes 2. Observant of tradition, in any sense; regu- lated by accepted models or traditions, irre- spective of independently deduced principles; conventional.
The tradition is that a President [in the United States] 6. In the fine arts, literature, etc., the accumu- lated experience, advance, or achievement of the past, as handed down by predecessors or de-
Card. Buck. You are too senseless-obstinate, my lord, Too ceremonious and traditional.
Shak., Rich. III., iii. 1. 45. traditionalism (tra-dish'on-al-izm), n. [= Sp. tradicionalismo, as traditional + -ism.] Strictly, a system of philosophy in which all religious knowledge is reduced to belief in truth communicated by revelation from God, and received by traditional instruction; popularly, the habit of basing religious convictions on ecclesiastical authority and the traditional belief of the church, not on an independent study of the Scripture, or an independent exercise of the reason; adherence to tradition as an authority. traditionalist (tra-dish'on-al-ist), n. [= Sp. tradicionalista; as traditional + -ist.] One who holds to the authority of tradition. traditionalistic (tra-dish"on-a-lis'tik), a. traditional + -ist +-ic.] Öf, pertaining to, or characterized by traditionalism. [<
De Bonald was the chief of the so-called traditionalistic school, the leading dogma of which was the divine creation of language.
Ueberweg, Hist. Philos. (trans.), II. 339. traditionality (tra-dish-o-nal'i-ti), n. [< traditional +-ity.] Traditional principle or opinion. [Rare.]
Many a man doing loud work in the world stands only on some thin traditionality, conventionality. Carlyle. (Imp. Dict.) traditionally (tra-dish'on-al-i), adv. In a traditional manner; by transmission from father to son or from age to age; according to tradition; as a tradition; .in or by tradition. Time-worn rules, that them suffice, Learned from their sires, traditionally wise. Lowell, Agassiz, ii. 1. traditionarily (tra-dish'on-a-ri-li), adv. In a traditionary manner; by tradition. traditionary (tra-dish'on-a-ri), a. and_n. [= F. traditionnaire; as tradition + -ary.] I. a. Same as traditional.
Decayed our old traditionary lore. Scott, Vision of Don Roderick, Int., st. 8. II. n.; pl. traditionaries (-riz). One who acknowledges the authority of traditions. traditioner (tra-dish'on-er), n. [< tradition + crl.] A traditionist." [< tradition + traditionist (tra-dish'on-ist), n. -ist.] One who makes or adheres to tradition; a passer-on of old habits, opinions, etc. As the people are faithful traditionists, repeating the words of their forefathers, they are the most certain antiquaries; and their oral knowledge and their ancient observances often elucidate many an archæological obscurity. I. D'Israeli, Amen. of Lit., I. 172. [< OF. traditif; as L. traditive (tradʼi-tiv), a. traditus, pp. of tradere, deliver (see tradition), +-ive.] Of or pertaining to or based on tradition; traditional.
We cannot disbelieve traditive doctrine, if it be infallibly proved to us that tradition is an infallible guide. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 334. Traditive systems grow up in a course of generations. Gladstone. traditor (trad'i-tor), n.; L. pl. traditores (trad-ito'rēz). [L. traditor, one who gives up or over, a traitor, tradere, give up, surrender: see tra
traditor dition. Cf. traitor, a doublet of traditor.] One of those early Christians who, in time of persecution, gave up to the officers of the law the Scriptures, or any of the holy vessels, or the names of their brethren.
There were in the Church itself Traditors content to deliver up the books of God by composition, to the end their own lives might be spared. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 62. tradotto (trå-dot'to), a. [It., pp. of tradurre, transpose: see traduce.] In music, transposed; arranged. tradrillet, ". Same as tredille. Lamb, Mrs. Battle on Whist. = = traduce (trā-dūs'), v. t.; pret. and pp. traduced, ppr. traducing. [=F. traduire Sp. traducir = Pg. traduzir It. tradurre, transfer, translate, <L. traducere, bring or carry over, lead along, exhibit as a spectacle, display, disgrace, dishonor, transfer, derive, also train, propagate, < trans, across, ducere, lead: see duct. Cf. transduction.] 1t. To pass along; transmit.
It is not in the power of parents to traduce holiness to their children. 'Bp. Hall, The Angel and Zac ry.
From these only the race of perfect animals were propagated, and traduced over the earth. Sir M. Hale. To this it is offered that the Soul traduced is from the woman only. Evelyn, True Religion, I. 167. 2t. To transfer; translate; arrange under another form.
Rome must know The value of her own; 'twere a concealment Worse than a theft, no less than a traducement, To hide your doings. Shak., Cor., i. 9. 22. traducent (trā-dū ́sent), a. [< L. traducen(t-)s, ppr. of traducere, träduce: see traduce.] Slandering; slanderous. [Rare.] traducer (tra-dū ́sér), n. One who traduces, in any sense; especially, a slanderer; a calum niator.
traducers. He found both spears and arrows in the mouths of his Bp. Hall, Balm of Gilead, v. 2. traducian (trā-dū ́shian), n. [< LL. traducianus, L. tradux, a branch or layer of a vine trained for propagation, < traducere, lead along, train, propagate: see traduce.] In theol., a believer in traducianism. traducianism (tra-du'shian-izm), n. [< traducianism.] In theol., the doctrine that both the body and the soul of man are propagated, as opposed to creationism, which regards every soul as a new creation out of nothing. Also called generationism
6418 traducingly (trā-dū ́sing-li), adv. In a tradu- Dr. H. More, Pre-existency of the Soul, st. 91. transfer, propagate: see traduce.] 1. Deriva- tion from one of the same kind; propagation; reproduction; transmission; inheritance.
If by traduction came thy mind, A soul so charming from a stock so good; Thy father was transfus'd into thy blood. Dryden, To Mrs. Anne Killigrew, 1. 23. 2t. Tradition; transmission from one to an- other.
Traditional communication and traduction of truths. Sir M. Hale. 3. The act of giving origin to a soul by procreation. Compare traducianism.
A third sort would have the soul of man (as of other living creatures) to be propagated by the seminal traduction of the natural parents successively, from the first person and womb that ever conceived.
Evelyn, True Religion, I. 149. 4+. Translation from one language into an- other; a translation. Those translators ... that effect Their word-for-word traductions, where they lose The free grace of their natural dialect, And shame their authors with a forcéd gloss. Chapman, Homer, To the Reader, 1. 104. The verbal traduction of him into Latin prose, than which nothing seems more raving. Cowley, Pindaric Odes, Pref. ferring: as, "the traduction of animals from 5. Conveyance; transportation; act of trans- Europe to America by shipping," Sir M. Hale. [Rare.]-6. Transition. [Rare.]
The reports and fugues have an agreement with the figures in rhetorick of repetition and traduction. Bacon.
traductive (tra-duk'tiv), a. [< L. traductus,
I speak not here concerning extrinsical means of deter- trafica), traffic; origin unknown.] 1. An in- terchange of goods, merchandise, or property of any kind between countries, communities, or individuals; trade; commerce. =
It hath in solemn synods been decreed
Who hath taken this counsel against Tyre, the crowning city, whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth? Isa. xxiii. 8. His Grace of Norfolk, a bon vivant surrounded by men who kept the table in a roar, and a famous trafficker in boroughs. E. Dowden, Shelley, I. 133. trafficless (traf'ik-les), a. [<_traffic + -less.] traffic-manager (traf'ik-man"aj-ér), n. Destitute of traffic or trade. Imp. Dict. manager of the traffic on a railway, canal, or the like. traffic-return (trafʼik-re-tern"), n. ical statement of the receipts for goods and A periodpassengers carried, as on a railway or canal. tragacanth (trag'a-kanth), n. The dragagant, also dragant, draganth [Formerly also = = D. Sw. tragacanthum, also corruptly dragantum, ML. Eng-tragacantha, Gr. Tрaуákavbα, трaɣákavoos, a shrub (Astragalus gummifer), producing gum tragacanth; lit. 'goat-thorn,' payos, a goat, + product of several low, spiny shrubs of the ge- akavea, thorn.] A mucilaginous substance, the nus Astragalus, among them A. gummifer, A. eriostylus, A. adscen- dens, A. brachycalyx, and 4. microcephalus, plants found in the mountains of Asia Minor and neighbor- ing lands. The gum is not a secretion the sap, but a transformation of the cells of the and medul- 患 natural fissures and through incisions, forming respec- 2. The coming and going of persons or the Hence-3. The persons or goods, collectively, passing or carried along a route or routes.-4. Dealings; intercourse.-5t. A piece of busi- ness; a transaction.
The theory of Traducianism maintains that both the soul and body of the individual man are propagated. It refers the creative act mentioned in Gen. i. 27 to the human nature, or race, and not to a single individual merely. It considers the work of creating mankind de nihilo as entirely completed upon the sixth day; and that since that sixth day the Creator has, in this world, exerted no strictly creative energy. Shedd, Hist. Christian Doctrine, II. 13. traducianist (tra-du'shian-ist), n. [< traducian + -ist.] A traducian. Imp. Dict. traducible (tra-dū ́si-bl), a. [< traduce + -ible.] 1. Capable of being derived, transmitted, or propagated. Though oral tradition might be a competent discoverer You'll see a draggled damsel, here and there, From Billingsgate her fishy traffic bear. Through traffic. See through1. Gay, Trivia, ii. 10. 2. Capable of being traduced or maligned. traffic (trafʼik), v.; pret. and pp. trafficked, ppr. Imp. Dict. trafficking. [Early mod. E. traffick, traffike, traf
The fearful passage of their death-mark'd love . . . I referre you then to the Ambassages, Letters, Traf fiques, and prohibition of Traffiques. which happened in the time of king Richard the 2. Hakluyt's Voyages, To the Reader. 6. The subject of traffic; commodities mar- keted. [Rare.]
tragacanth = fique; F. trafiquer Sp. traficar, trafagar 2. To deal; have business or dealings.
It is a greate trauell to traffike or deale with furious, impatient, and men of euill suffering, for that they are importable to serue, and of conuersation verie perillous. Guevara, Letters (tr. by Hellowes, 1577), p. 116. How did you dare To trade and traffic with Macbeth In riddles and affairs of death? Shak., Macbeth, iii. 5. 4. II. trans. 1. To exchange in traffic; barter, or buy and sell.
In affairs He trafficked the return of King James. Drummond, Hist. James L., p. 14. (Latham.) traffickablet (trafʻik-a-bl), a. [Early mod. E. traffiqueable; traffic(k) +-able.] Capable of being disposed of in traffic; marketable.
Money itself is not onely the price of all commodities in all civil nations, but it is also, in some cases, a trafiqueable commodity. Bp. Hall, Cases of Conscience, i. 1. trafficker (traf'ik-ėr), n. [Early mod. E. trafficker; ‹ traffic(k) + -er·1.] One who traffics; one who carries on commerce; a merchant; a trader: often used in a derogatory sense.
tively vermicelli and leaf or flake tragacanth. It is tic, though not largest, ele-
Astragalus gummifer, plant strielding tragacanth.
it swells and disintegrates into an adhesive paste, but, except a small portion, does not dissolve. Tragacanth is emollient and demulcent, little given internally, however, on account of its insolu- bility. Its chief use in pharmacy is to impart firmness to pills, lozenges, etc. It is also made into a mucilage, par- ticularly for marbling books, and is used as a stiffening for crapes, calicoes, etc. Also called gum dragon, dracanth, and (frequently) gum tragacanth.-African tragacanth. Same as Senegal tragacanth.-Compound powder of tragacanth. See powder.-Hog-tragacanth, various mixtures of inferior gums, used occasionally in marbling books.-Indian tragacanth. Same as Kuteera gum (see gum2), which includes, besides the product of Cochlo- spermum Gossypium, that of Sterculia urens and proba- bly other sterculias.-Senegal tragacanth, a substance nearly identical with the Indian tragacanth, produced abundantly by Sterculia Tragacantha.
tragacantha tragacantha (trag-a-kan'thä), n. [NL.: see Also tra tragal (tra'gal), a. [< tragus +-al.] Of or
tragedian (tra-je'di-an), n. [< ME. tragedyen, KOF. tragedien, F. tragédien (cf. It. tragediante); as tragedy +-an.] 1. A writer of tragedies.
A tragedyen-that is to seyn, a makere of ditees that hyhten tragedies. Chaucer, Boëthius, iii. prose 6.
Thence what the lofty grave tragedians taught
Milton, P. R., iv. 261. Admiration may or may not properly be excited by tragedy, and until this important question is settled the name of tragedian may be at pleasure given to or withheld from the author of "Rodogune" [Corneille]. G. Saintsbury, Encyc. Brit., VI. 420. 2. An actor of tragedy; by extension, an actor or player in general.
6419 Tragedie is for to seyn a certeyn storie and then act our own part in it. Life is a tragedy, wherein we sit as spectators a while, Swift, To Mrs. Moore, Dec. 27, 1727. Over what tragedy could Lady Jane Grey have wept, over what comedy could she have smiled? Macaulay, Lord Bacon.
= Jind Boschbok (Tragelaphus sylvaticus). Those you were wont to take delight in, the tragedians of the city. Shak., Hamlet, ii. 2. 342. tragedienne (tra-je'di-en; F. pron. tra-zhadien'), n. [F. tragédienne, fem. of tragédien, tragedian: see tragedian.] A female actor of tragedy; a tragic actress. tragedious+ (tra-je'di-us), a. [< ME. tragedyous, OF. *tragedios (= Sp. tragedioso), tragedie, tragedy: see tragedy.] Tragic; tragical. Of whom tedyous it is to me to wryte the tragedyous hystory, except that I remembre that good it is to wryte and put in remembraunce the punysshment of synners. Fabyan, Chron. tragedy (traj'e-di), n.; pl. tragedies (-diz). [< ME. tragedie, tragedye, OF. tragedie, F. tragédie Sp. Pg. It. tragedia, <L. tragedia, ML. also tragedia, tragedy, a tragedy, lofty style, a great commotion or disturbance, Gr. rpayudia, a tragedy (see def.), serious poetry, an exaggerated speech, a melancholy event, rpayudós (L. tragœdus), a tragic actor or singer, lit. a goat-singer, Tpάyos, a goat, he-goat (lit. ‘nibbler,' < τρώγειν, τραγεῖν, nibble), + ᾠδός, contr. of doidos, a singer (cf. dh, aoidh, a song), < áeídew, adew, sing (see odel), and same termination appears in comedy. The orig. reason of the name rpayudós, 'goat-singer,' is uncertain. (a) In one view, so called because a goat was the prize for the best performance. This would require payudós to mean 'singer for a goat,' and would make the name for a distinctive character or act depend on a subsequent fact, namely, the goat given at the end of the performance to only one of the performers. (b) In another view, so called because a goat was sacrificed at the singing of the song-a goat as the spoiler of nessed antelope of Africa, T. scriptus, and the vines, if not on other accounts, being a fitting boschbok of the same continent, T. sylvaticus. sacrifice at the feasts of Bacchus. But this tragett, tragetourt, etc. See treget, etc. again makes the name depend on a subsequent tragi, n. Plural of tragus. act, or an act not immediately concerned with Tragia (trā 'ji-ä), n. [NL. (Plumier, 1703), the 'goat-singer'-unless indeed the 'goat- named after Hieronymus Bock (Latinized Trasinger' himself killed the goat. (c) It is much gus) (1498-1554), a celebrated German botamore probable that the rpayudós was lit. 'a goat- nist.] A genus of apetalous plants, of the singer' in the most literal sense, a singer or ac- order Euphorbiacea, tribe Crotoneæ, and subtor dressed in a goatskin, to personate a satyr, tribe Plukenetieæ. They are usually climbers with hence later 'an actor in the satyric drama,' from stinging hairs, having monoecious flowers in racemes, the which tragedy in the later sense was developed. staminate commonly above, the pistillate below, the former with three stamens, the latter with imbricated sepals Whatever the exact origin of the term, the ult. and the styles connate into a column but free at the apex. reference was no doubt to the satyrs, the com- There are about 50 species, widely scattered through warm panions of Bacchus, the clowns of the original countries, extending beyond the tropics to South Africa and drama. Cf. puyudós, a comic actor, similarly to the southern and central United States. They are herbanamed from his disguise, namely, from the lees twining, and with alternate dentate leaves with a cordate with which his face was smeared (< Tpú (Tpvy-), and three to five-nerved base. The fruit, composed of lees, +dos, singer).] 1. A dramatic poem or three two-valved carpels, is hispid or echinate, and covered with conspicuous stinging hairs. composition representing an important event or Two species of series of events in the life of some person or perVirginia are usually erect; T. macrocarpa is a twining vine. See cowhage, 2. sons, in which the diction is grave and dignified, tragic (traj'ik), a. and n. [= F. tragique Sp. the movement impressive and stately, and the trágico Pg. It. tragico, L. tragicus, < Gr. catastrophe unhappy; that form of the drama rpayikós, payos, pertaining to tragedy, etc., which represents a somber or a pathetic char- lit. 'pertaining to a goat,' a sense found first acter involved in a situation of extremity or in later authors, the orig. use being prob. 'perdesperation by the force of an unhappy passion. taining to a goat' or satyr as personated by Types of these characters are found in Shakspere's Lady a 'goat-singer,' or satyric actor: see tragedy. Macbeth and Ophelia, Rowe's Jane Shore, and Scott's Master of Ravenswood. Tragedy originated among the Tragic is thus used as the adj. of tragedy, as Greeks in the worship of the god Dionysus or Bacchus. comic is the adj. of comedy, though etymologiGreek tragedy consisted of two parts the dialogue, which cally these adjectives belong only to the first corresponded in its general features to the dramatic comelements of the nouns respectively.] I. a. 1. positions of modern times; and the chorus, the tone of Pertaining or relating to tragedy; of the nature of tragedy: as, a tragic poem; the tragic drama. ceous or A lyrical which was meant to be sung, while the dialogue was to be recited.
tragopan This man's brow, like to a title-leaf,
"The Bride of Lammermoor," which almost goes back to Eschylus for a counterpart as a painting of Fate, leav ing on every reader the impression of the highest and pur est tragedy. Hoping the consequence Will prove as bitter, black, and tragical. Shak., Rich. III., iv. 4. 7. tragically (traj'i-kal-i), adv. 1. In a tragic manner; in a manner befitting tragedy. Emerson, Walter Scott. 2. [cap.] Tragedy personified, or the Muse of tragedy. See cut under Melpomene. Sometime let gorgeous Tragedy In sceptred pall come sweeping by. Milton, Il Penseroso, 1. 97. 3. A fatal event; a dreadful calamity. But I shall laugh at this a twelve-month hence, That they who brought me in my master's hate, I live to look upon their tragedy. Shak., Rich. III., iii. 2. 59. The day came on that was to do That dreadful tragedy. Sir Hugh le Blond (Child's Ballads, III. 258). Tragelaphina (tra-jel-a-fi'nē), n. pl.. [NL., < His [Juvenal's] own genius . . . was sharp and eager; and as his provocations were great, he has revenged Tragelaphus +-inæ.] A former division of anthem tragically. Dryden, Essay on Satire. telopes, represented by the genus Tragelaphus. 2. Mournfully; sorrowfully. tragelaphine (tra-jel'a-fin), a. Pertaining to the Tragelaphinæ, or having their characters. tragelaphus (tra-jel' [< Gr. τραγέλα(tra-jel'a-fus), n. pos, 'goat-stag,'rpayos, a goat, + čλapos, a deer.] 1. In myth., a fabulous animal, a symbol or attribute of Diana. See the quotation. Among the principal of these symbols [of Diana] is the which is sometimes blended into one figure deer, with the goat so as to form a composite fictitious animal called a Trag-elaphus. R. P. Knight, Anc. Art and Myth. (1876), p. 81. 2. [cap.] [NL. (De Blainville).] In zool., a genus of antelopes, including such as the har ..
2. Characteristic of tragedy. And so it is that we discover the true majesty of human nature itself, in the tragic grandeur of its disorders, nowhere else. Bushnell, Sermons for New Life, p. 64. 3. Connected with or characterized by great calamity, cruelty, or bloodshed; mournful; dreadful; heart-rending.
Woe than Byron's woe more tragic far. M. Arnold, A Picture at Newstead. All things grew more tragic and more strange. Tennyson, Princess, vi. 4. Expressive of tragedy, death, or sorrow. I now must change Those notes to tragic. Milton, P. L., ix. 6.
II. n. 1. A writer of tragedy; a tragedian.
2. A tragedy; a tragic drama. Prior. (Imp. Dict.) tragical (traj'i-kal), a. [< tragic +-al.] Same as tragic.
Many complain and cry out very tragically of the wretchedness of their hearts. South, Sermons, VI. xii. Tragic chartragicalness (traj'i-kal-nes), n. acter or quality; mournfulness; sadness; fatality. We moralize the fable. . . in the tragicalness of the event. Decay of Christ. Piety.
tragici, n. Plural of tragicus. tragiclyt (traj'ik-li), adv. [< tragic-ly2.] Tragically; sadly; mournfully.
= I shall sadly sing, too tragickly inclin'd. Stirling, Aurora, Elegy, iii. tragicomedy (traj-i-kom'e-di), n. [Early mod. E. tragycomedie; F. tragicomédie Sp. Pg. tragicomedia It. tragicomedia, ML. *tragicomadia, a contraction of L. tragicocomœdia, < Gr. *τραγικοκωμῳδία, < τραγικός, tragic, + κωμῳδία, comedy: see tragic and comedy.] A dramatic composition in which serious and comic scenes are blended; a composition partaking of the nature of both tragedy and comedy, and of which the event is not unhappy, as Shakspere's "Measure for Measure."
Neither the admiration and commiseration, nor the right sportfulnes, is by their mungrell Tragy-comedie obtained. Sir P. Sidney, Apol. for Poetrie. Such acts and scenes hath this tragi-comedy of love. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 525. tragicomic (traj-i-kom'ik), a. [< F. tragicomique Sp. tragicómico Pg. It. tragicomico, L. as if tragicomicus, contr. of *tragicocomicus; as tragic + comic. Cf. tragicomedy.] taining to tragicomedy; characterized by both serious and comic scenes. = = Per
In viewing this monstrous tragicomic scene, the most opposite passions necessarily succeed.
Burke, Rev. in France. Julian felt towards him that tragi-comic sensation which makes us pity the object which excites it, not the less that we are somewhat inclined to laugh amid our sympathy. Scott, Peveril of the Peak, xxxvi. They [Shelley and his wife] wandered vaguely about after this, in Scotland one time, in Wales the next, meeting with all kinds of tragi-comic adventures. In a Mrs. Oliphant, Lit. Hist. Eng., III. 39. tragicomical (traj-i-kom'i-kal), a. [< tragicomical.] Same as tragicomic. Sir P. Sidney, Apol. for Poetry. tragicomically (traj-i-kom'i-kal-i), adv. tragicomic manner. tragicomipastoral (traj-i-kom-i-pås'tor-al), a. [Irreg. < tragicomi(c) + pastoral.] Partaking of the nature of tragedy, comedy, and pastoral poetry. [Rare.] The whole art of tragicomipastoral farce lies in interweaving of the several kinds of the drama with each other, so that they can not be distinguished or separated. Gay, What d'ye Call it (ed. 1715), Pref. tragicus (traj'i-kus), n.; pl. tragici (-si). [NL. (sc. musculus, muscle), < tragus, q. v.] A muscle of the pinna of the ear which actuates the tragus. In man it is rudimentary, practically functionless, and confined to the part named'; but its character in other mammals varies and may be very different. tragopan (trag'o-pan), n. [NL., Gr. rpáуos, a goat, + Iláv, Pan. Cf. Egipan.] 1. A pheas
Crimson Tragopan (Ceriornis satyra). a faun or satyr; a horned pheasant. They are also called satyrs. One of the best-known is the crimson tragopan, C. satyra.-2. [cap.] Same as Ceriornis. Cuvier, 1829. Tragopogon (trag-o-po'gon), n. [NL. (Tournefort, 1700), so called with ref. to the long pappus; Gr. rpáyos, goat, + náуwv, beard.] A genus of composite plants, of the tribe Cichoriace and subtribe Scorzonereæ. It is characterized by entire leaves and flower-heads with uniseriate acuminate involucral bracts, the achenes tapering into a long and slender or a very short beak, with plumose pappus. accepted. They are natives of Europe, northern Africa, Over 50 species have been described, but not all are now and temperate and subtropical Asia. They are biennial or perennial herbs, often covered in places with floccose wool. They bear linear alternate clasping leaves which are commonly grass-like, and terminal yellow or bluish flower-heads on long peduncles. For T. porrifolius see salsify, and for T. pratensis see goat's-beard, buck's-beard, and noon-flower. Both species are locally naturalized in the United States.
Ab Py Tragops (tra'gops), n. [NL., Gr. Tpayos, a tragule (trag'ul), n. [<NL. Tragulus.] An ani- mal of the genus Tragulus; one of the Tragu- lidæ. Tragulidæ (tra-gu'li-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Tragu- lus + -idæ.] A family of small ruminants intermediate in character between deer and swine, sometimes miscalled musk-deer, and con- founded with the true musk-deer(of the genus Moschus), in con- sequence of their small size and the similar devel- opment of the canine teeth; the chevrotains. The placenta is diffuse, not cotyledonary; the stomach has but Stomach of Tragulus, a non-typical ru- three compartments, minant, showing, the reduction of the the psalterium being psalterium to a mere passage between Rt, rudimentary; there the reticulum, and b, the abomasus. Rn, are no antlers; there rumen; a, esophagus; Py, pylorus; Spl, are four complete spleen. toes on each foot, the second and fifth metapodials being complete; the scaphoid, cuboid, and outer cuneiform Rn tarsal bones are united; the odontoid process of the axis is conical; there are no upper incisors; the upper canines are long, pointed, and projecting like tusks in the male; the lower canines are like incisors; and the molariform teeth are in continuous series, being three premolars and three molars above and below on each side.
Tragulina (trag-u-li'nä), n. pl. [NL., Tragu- lus+ina2] Same as Traguloidea. traguline (trag'u-lin), a. [Tragulus +-ine1.] 1. Goat-like: noting a group of antelopes repre- sented by the steenbok, Nanotragus tragulus, and related forms. Hamilton Smith. See cut under steenbok.—2. Related to or belonging to the Tragulina, or chevrotains; traguloid. traguloid (trag'u-loid), a. [< Tragulus +-oid.] Pertaining to the Traguloidea, or having their characters.
Pygmy Chevrotain (Tragulus pygmæus), male. cunning in the Asiatic isles as the fox is with us, being tragus (tra'gus), n.; pl. tragi (-ji). [NL., < Gr. to serve as a delicate tactile organ.-3. [cap.] [Haller, 1768.] A genus of grasses, of the tribe Zoysicæ and subtribe Anthephoreæ. It is char- acterized by flowers in a spike composed of fascicles which are each formed of from three to five spikelets, the terminal spikelet sterile, the others usually fertile; and by the two or three glumes, the second larger, rigid, and echinate. The only species, T. racemosus, is widely diffused through tropical and temperate regions. It is a branching annual grass with soft flat leaves and flowers in a rather loose terminal bur-like spike, whence it is known as burdock- traictiset, n. An old form of treatise. grass.
Traguloidea (trag-u-loi'de-a), n. pl. [NL., < Tragulus (trag'u-lus), n. [NL., dim. of tragus, <Gr. rpayos, a goat: see tragedy.] A genus of small Asiatic deer, typical of the family Tra- gulidæ, including T. javanicus, the napu of Java,
A booke, conteinyng a traictise of justice. wander idly from place to place.-2. To wan- der so as to lose one's self or itself: chiefly applied to the young of poultry. Jamieson.- 3. To be in a declining state of health; become very ill; give out. [Scotch in all uses.]
But for the kindness and helpfulness shown me on all hands I must have traiked. Carlyle, in Froude (First Forty Years, xl., note 2). To traik after, to follow in a lounging or dangling way; dangle after.
Coming traiking after them for their destruction. a mischief; a disaster: applied both to things and to persons.Jamieson.-2. The flesh of sheep that have died of disease or by accident. Jamieson. [Scotch in both uses.] traiket (tra'ket), p. a. [Pp. of traik, v.] Very much exhausted; worn out. [Scotch.] traill (tral), n. [Early mod. E. also traile, trayle; ME. trail, traile, trayle, the train of a train of a dress, and a drag or sled; cf. Sp. trail- dress, a sled, < OF. traail, a reel, prob. also the la, a drag for leveling ground, a leash (< F. ?), = track); ML. trahale, a reel, prob. also the train
sled, traha, a sled, ML. traga, a sled, a harrow; v. Hence traill, v. Cf. trail2. In some senses the noun is from the verb.] 1. A part dragged behind; something drawn after; a train; a rear appendage. Specifically-(a) The train of a skirt or robe. Trayle or trayne of a clothe. Prompt. Parv., p. 499. (b) A trailing part or organ; a train: as, the trail of the peacock: often used figuratively.
A sudden star, it shot through liquid air,
trail ground when unlimbered. See cut under gun-carriage. (d) Any long appendage, real or apparent, as a line or streak marking the path just passed over by a moving body as, the trail of a meteor; a trail of smoke.
When lightning shoots in glitt'ring trails along. Rowe, Royal Convert. (e) In astron., the elongated image of a star produced upon a photographic plate, which is not made to follow the star's diurnal motion. The intensity of this trail is used as a measure of the star's brightness. 2. The track or mark left by something dragged or drawn along the ground or over a surface: as, the trail of a snail. Specifically-(a) The mark or scent left on the ground by anything pursued, as in hunting; the track followed by a hunter: especially in the phrase on the trail.
How cheerfully on the false trail they cry! Shak., Hamlet, iv. 5. 109. These varlets pretend to be bent chiefly on their sundown meal, but the moment it is dark they will be on our trail, as true as hounds on the scent. J. F. Cooper, Last of Mohicans, xxi. We were really on the trail of volcanic productions, and devoted most of our time to the hunt after them. A. Geikie, Geol. Sketches, x. (b) A path or road made by the passage of something, as of animals or men; a beaten path, as across the prairies, a mountain, or a desert; a rude path.
A large part of the country of the Pacific coast has scarcely been penetrated outside of the roads or trails which lead from the seaports to the interior. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXVIII. 722. 3. Figuratively, a clue; a trace.-4t. A vehicle dragged along; a drag; a sled; a sledge. Hakluyt's Voyages, III. 37.-5. The act of playing upon, or of taking advantage of, a person's ignorance. See traill, v., 6.-Built-up trail, in artillery, a wrought-iron or steel trail of a gun-carriage com posed of several pieces. It consists of two side-plates con nected by three or more transoms, one or more assemblingbolts, and a lunette plate. In some forms the cheeks are separate plates of metal riveted to the trail-plates and the structure is stiffened by assembling-bolts; in others the trail-plate and cheek on each side are formed in a single piece. The latter is the more modern. The trail-plates are strengthened by angle-irons riveted to each edge, by flanging, or by T-rails. In some carriages the side- or trail-plates are metallic girders or brackets connected by transoms. This built-up system has superseded the solid wooden stock of the old forms of gun-carriage.-To trash a trail. See trash3. (See also block-trail, bracket-trail.) =Syn. 2. Path, Track, etc. See way.
traill (tral), v. [Early mod. E. also traile, trayle; < ME. trailen, traylen, < OF. trailler, wind or reel (yarn), also trail game. The uses of the verb are mostly developed in E. from the noun.] I. trans. 1. To draw along behind.
What boots the regal circle on his head, That long behind he trails his pompous robe, And, of all monarchs, only grasps the globe? Pope, R. of the L., iii. 73. Some idly trail'd their sheep-hooks on the ground, And some kept up a shrilly mellow sound With ebon-tipped flutes. Keats, Endymion, i. 3. Milit., to carry in an oblique forward position, with the breech or the butt near the right hand near the middle: as, to trail arms. ground, the piece or the pike being held by the How proud, In the service of my country, should I be To trail a pike under your brave command! Fletcher, Spanish Curate, i. 1. On Tuesday was sennight was the brave funeral of Sir John Barrow, at the king's charge. It was carried out of Durham House, with twelve hundred soldiers marching before it in arms of the companies of the city, with colours, spikes, and muskets trailed. Court and Times of Charles I., I. 281. 4. To beat down or make a beaten path through by frequent treading; make a beaten path through: as, to trail grass.-5. To hunt or follow up by the track or scent; follow in the trail or tracks of; track.
They [Indians] have since been trailed towards the Mescalero agency, and, it is believed, will soon be arrested by the troops. Gen. Miles, Government Report, Sept., 1886. 6. To draw out; lead on, especially in a mischievous or ill-natured way; play upon the ignorance or fears of. [Prov. Eng.]
I presently perceived she was (what is vernacularly termed) trailing Mrs. Dent: that is, playing on her ignorance; her trail might be clever, but it was decidedly not good-natured. Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, xvii. To trail the oars. See oarl. II. intrans. 1. To hang down or drag loosely behind, as the train of a woman's dress. Page 10
by --or d by Solid Fash rail.)
Shalott. ound or s dress.
De, e? L., iii. 73. round,
dymion, i ard posi near the ld by the ail arms.
e nd! Curate, i. 1. neral of Sir arried out of rs marching y, with col
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wards the Mes be arrested by rt, Sept., 1886. y in a mis upon the ig
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trail And [she] was clothed in a riche robe that trayled to the grounde more than two fadome, that satte so well with hir bewte that all the worlde myght haue ioye her to beholden. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 453. Rending her yeolow locks, like wyrie gold About her shoulders careleslie downe trailing. Spenser, Ruins of Time, 1. 11. 2. To grow loosely and without self-support to a considerable length along the ground or over bush rocks, or other low objects; recline or droop and as it were drag upon the ground, as a branch. See trailing plant, below.-3. To move with a slow sweeping motion.
And through the momentary gloom Of shadows o'er the landscape trailing. Longfellow, Golden Legend, iv. 4. To loiter or creep along as a straggler or a person who is nearly tired out; walk or make one's way idly or lazily.
He trails along the streets. Character of a Town-Gallant (1675), p. 5. (Encyc. Dict.) We trailed wearily along the level road. The Century, XXIII. 654. 5t. To reach or extend in a straggling way. Cape Roxo is a low Cape and trayling to the sea-ward. Hakluyt's Voyages, III. 615.
6. To fish with or from a trailer: as, to trail for mackerel.-Trailing arbutus. See arbutus and Epigaa.-Trailing arm. See arm1.-Trailing axle. See axle.-Trailing azalea. See Loiseleuria.-Trailing plant, a plant unable to support itself, but neither on the one hand ascending by the aid of tendrils or by twining, nor on the other hand creeping and rooting or lying flat, but simply growing over such objects as may present themselves. The trailing habit may, however, be combined with the climbing or the creeping. trail2+ (tral), n. [< ME. traile, <OF. (and F.) treille, a trellis, a latticed frame, < L. trichila, also in inscriptions tricla, triclea, triclia, an arbor, bower. Hence ult. trellis.] 1. A latticed frame; a trellis for running or climbing plants. Owt of the preas I me with-drewhe ther-fore, And sett me doun by-hynde a traile Fulle of levis.
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 58. 2. A running ornament or enrichment of leaves, flowers, tendrils, etc., as in the hollow moldings of Gothic architecture; a wreath.
And over all of purest gold was spred
bird feeds on olives. I bequeth to William Paston, my sone, my standing cuppe chased parcell gilt with a cover with myn armes in a pece with a trail upon cover. Paston Letters, III. 186. trail2+ (tral), v. t. [< trail2, n.] To overspread with a tracery or intertwining pattern or ornament. A Camis light of purple silk, Trayled with ribbands diversly distraught, Like as the workeman had their courses taught. Spenser, F. Q., V. v. 2. trail3+ (trāl), n. [Abbr. of entrail, as orig. accented on the final syllable: see entraill.] Entrails; the intestines of game when cooked and sent to table, as those of snipe and woodcock, and certain fish; also, the intestines of sheep. The thrush is presented with the trail, because the Smollett, Travels, xviii. T-rail (to'ral), n. A rail with a cross-section having approximately the form of a letter T. See raill, 5. trailbastont, n. [ME., also traylbaston, trailebaston, OF. (AF.) trailebaston, traylebaston, prob. so called from the staves or clubs they carried, trailler, trail, + baston, staff, club: see traill, v., and baston, baton. Roquefort gives the OF. as tray-le-baston, as if <traire, draw, L. trahere (or traer, < L. tradere, give up) +le, the, + baston, staff. This view is not tenable.] In Eng. hist., one of a class of disorderly persons, banded robbers, murderers, and incendiaries, who gave great trouble in the reign of Edward I., and were so numerous that judges were appointed expressly for the purpose of trying them. See the phrases below. People of good will have made reply to the king How throughout the land is made a great grievance By common quarrellers, who are by oath Bound together to a compact; Those of that company are named Trailbastons.
6421 Court of Trailbaston. See court.-Justices of Trailbaston, "justices whose office was to make inquisition through the realm by the verdict of substantial Juries, upon all officers, as Mayors, Sheriffs, Bailiffs, Escheators, and others, touching Extortion, Bribery, and other such grievances, as intrusions into other men's lands, Barretors, and breakers of the peace, with divers other offenders; by means of which inquisitions many were punished by death, many by ransom, and the rest flying the realm; the land was quieted, and the King gained great riches towards the support of his wars." Cowel. trail-board ""
a, Trail-board. (tral' bord), n. In ship-building, one of the two curved pieces which extend from the stem to the figurehead. It is fastened to the knee of the head. trail-car (trāl'kär), n. A street railway-car which is not furnished with motive power, but is designed to be pulled or trailed behind another to which the power is applied. [U. S.] trailer (tra'lėr), n. [< traill -er1.] 1. One who or that which trails. Specifically-(a) A trailing plant or trailing branch. Slides the bird o'er lustrous woodland, swings the trailer from the crag. Tennyson, Locksley Hall. Lowest trailer of a weeping elm. Lowell. The house was a stone cottage, covered with trailers. The Century, XXVI. 279. (b) On a vehicle, a short pointed bar sometimes suspended from the rear axle, and serving as a stop or brake in going up steep hills; a stopper. (c) A flexible or hinged contact piece pulled over a series of terminal plates so as to distribute electric currents. 2. An old style of vessel employed in mackerelfishing about 1800. These vessels had outriggers or long poles on each side, the foremost about 17 feet long, the others decreasing in length to 5 feet aft, to the ends of which were fastened lines about 20 fathoms long, with a sinker of four pounds. To each of these lines was attached a bridle, reaching to the side of the vessel, where the fishermen stood to feel the bites.
3. A trail-car. [U. S.] trail-eye (tral'ī), n. An attachment at the end of the trail of a gun-carriage for limbering up. See cut under gun. trail-handspike (trāl'hand"spik), n. A wooden or metallic lever used to manoeuver the trail of a field-gun carriage in pointing the gun. trailing (tra ling), n. [Verbal n. of traill, v.] Same as trolling and trawling. See trailer, 2. trailing-spring (tra'ling-spring), n. A spring fixed in the axle-box of the trailing-wheels of a locomotive engine, and so placed as to assist in deadening any shock which may occur. Weale.
trailing-wheel (tra'ling-hwel), n. 1. The hind wheel of a carriage.-2. In a railway locomotive in which the weight of the truck or of the rear of the engine requires support, a small wheel placed on each side behind the drivingwheel.
A net drawn or trailed traill (tral), n. [ Traill (see def.).] Traill's flycatcher, Empidonax trailli, one of the four commonest species of small flycatchers of eastern parts of the United States, originally named in 1832, by Audubon, as Muscicapa traillii, after Dr. Thomas Stewart Traill, editor of the eighth edition of the "Encyclopædia Britannica." See cut under Empidonax. trail-net (tral'net), n. behind a boat, or by two persons on opposite banks, in sweeping a stream; a drag-net. In a field-gun cartrail-plate (tral'plat), n. riage, the ironwork at the end of the trail on which is the trail-eye. traily (tra'li), a. [< traill +-y1.] Slovenly. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] train1 (tran), v. [Early mod. E. also traine, trayne; ME. trainen, traynen, < OF. trainer, trahiner, F. traîner = Pr. trainar Sp. trajinar It. trainare, draw, entice, trail along, < ML. trahinare, drag along, trail, < L. trahere, draw: see tract1, and cf. traill, from the same source. Hence train1, n. For the sense 'educate, from the lit. sense 'draw,' cf. educate, ult. L. educare, draw out.] I. trans. 1. To draw or drag along; trail. =
So he hath hir trayned and drawen that the lady myght no lenger crye ne brayen. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 299.
Not distant far with heavy pace the foe Approaching gross and huge; in hollow cube Training his devilish enginery.
train 2. To draw by artifice, stratagem, persuasion, or the like; entice; allure. be What pitie is it that any. man shulde trayned... in to this lothesome dungeon [idleness]. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, i. 26. We did train him on, And, his corruption being ta'en from us, We, as the spring of all, shall pay for all. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., v. 2. 21. With pretext of doing him an unwonted honour in the senate, he trains him from his guards. B. Jonson, Sejanus, Arg. Martius Galeotti, who, by his impostures and specious falsehoods, has trained me hither into the power of my mortal enemy. Scott, Quentin Durward, xxviii. 3. To bring into some desired course or state by means of some process of instruction and exercise. (a) To educate; instruct; rear; bring up: often with up.
So was she trayned up from time to time In all chaste vertue and true bounti-hed. Spenser, F. Q., III. vi. Train up a child in the way he should go, and when [even when, R. V.] he is old he will not depart from it. Prov. xxii. 6. You have trained me like a peasant. Shak., As you Like it, i. 1. 71. (b) To make proficient or efficient, as in some art or profession, by instruction, exercise, or discipline; make proficient by instruction or drill: as, to train nurses; to train soldiers.
And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he armed his trained servants. Gen. xiv. 14. Trained in camps, he knew the art To win the soldier's hardy heart. Scott, Marmion, iii. 4. (c) To tame or render docile; exercise in the performance of certain tasks or tricks: as, to train dogs or monkeys. Animals can be trained by man, but they cannot train themselves. They can be taught some accomplishments, formed to some new habits; but where man has not done this for them they remain uneducated.
J. F. Clarke, Self-Culture, p. 33. (d) To fit by proper exercise and regimen for the performance of some feat; render capable of enduring the strain incident to a contest of any kind, by a course of suitable exercise, regimen, etc.; put in suitable condition, as for a race, by preparatory exercise, etc.: as, to train a boat's crew for a race. (e) To give proper or some particular shape or direction to by systematic manipulation or extension; specifically, in gardening, to extend the branches of, as on a wall, espalier, etc.
Tell her, when I'm gone, to train the rose-bush that I set About the parlour-window.
Tennyson, May Queen, New-Year's Eve. O. W. Holmes, My Aunt. 4. To bring to bear; direct or aim carefully: as, to train a gun upon a vessel or a fort. Again and again we set up the camera, and trained it upon a part of the picturesque throng. G. Kennan, The Century, XXXVIII. 73. To train a scentt, in hunting, same as to carry a scent. See phrase under scent.
From Aberdeen to Edinburgh we trained it by easy stages. Harper's Mag., LXXVII. 954. 6. To consort with; be on familiar terms with: as, I don't train with that crowd. Compare def. 4. [Slang.]-7. To romp; carry on. [Colloq. and vulgar, U. S.]-To train off, to go off obliquely said of the flight of a shot. train1 (tran), n. [Early mod. E. also traine, trayne; ME. trayn, trayne, treyne, < OF. train, a train, retinue, course, etc., a drag, sled, etc., F. train, a train, retinue, herd (of cattle), pace, course, way, bustle, train of boats or cars, etc., - Pr. trahi Sp. trajin, trajino, formerly train, trayno, It. traino, a train (in various senses); cf. OF. trahine, f., a drag, dray, sled, drag-net, F. traine, the condition of being dragged; from the verb: see train1, v. Cf. traill, n., from the →
So he resolved at once to train, And walked and walked with all his main. W. S. Gilbert, Perils of Invisibility. 4. To be under training, as a recruit for the army; be drilled for military service.-5. To travel by train or by rail: sometimes with an indefinite it. [Colloq.]
train same ult. source.] 1. That which is drawn along behind, or which forms the hinder part; a trail. (a) The elongated part of a skirt behind when sufficiently extended to trail along the ground. Trains have long been an adjunct of full dress for women, frequently coming into fashion, and seldom abandoned for any length of time; at times they have reached a length of ten feet or more on the floor. A train of moderate length is called a demitrain.
A Baronesse may haue no trayne borne; but, haueing a goune with a trayne, she ought to beare it her self. Booke of Precedence (E. E. T. S.), p. 26. She shall be dignified with this high honourTo bear my lady's train. Shak., T. G. of V., ii. 4. 159. But pray, what is the meaning that this transparent lady holds up her train in her left hand? for I find your women on medals do nothing without a meaning. Addison, Ancient Medals, ii.
The Duke of Buckingham bore Richard's train [at Richard III.'s coronation]. J. Gairdner, Richard III., iv.
(b) The tail of a comet or of a meteor, Stars with trains of fire.
Shak., Hamlet, i. 1. 117. (c) The tail of a bird, especially when long, large, or conspicuous. See cuts under Argus, peafowl, Phaethon, Phasianus, Promerops, Terpsiphone, and Trogonidæ. The train serves to steer and direct their flight, and turn their bodies like the rudder of a ship. Ray, Works of Creation, p. 146. (d) That part of the carriage of a field-gun which rests upon the ground when the gun is unlimbered or in posi tion for firing; the trail.
2. A following; a body of followers or attendants; a retinue.
Sir, I invite your highness and your train To my poor cell. Shak., Tempest, v. 1. 300. The muses also are found in the train of Bacchus. Bacon, Fable of Dionysus. Now the Shepherds, seeing so great a train follow Mr. Great-heart (for with him they were well acquainted), they said unto him, Good Sir, you have got a goodly company here. Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, ii.
The king's daughter, with a lovely train Of fellow-nymphs, was sporting on the plain. Addison, tr. of Ovid's Metamorph., ii.
My train consisted of thirty-eight persons. Macaulay, in Trevelyan, I. 323. 3. A succession of connected things or events; a series: as, a train of circumstances.
God helpe the man so wrapt in Errours endlesse traine! Spenser, F. Q., I. i. 18. Sir, I was five times made a bankrupt, and reduced from a state of affluence, by a train of unavoidable misfortunes. Sheridan, The Critic, i. 2.
I starts light with Rob only; I comes to a branch; I takes on what I find there; and a whole train of ideas gets coupled on to him. Dickens, Dombey and Son, xxxviii. 4. In mach., a set of wheels, or wheels and pinions in series, through which motion is transmitted consecutively: as, the train of a watch (that is, the wheels intervening between the barrel and the escapement); the going-train of a clock (that by which the hands are turned); the striking-train (that by which the striking part is actuated).-5. In metal-working, two or more pairs of connected rolls in a rolling-mill worked as one system; a set of rolls used in rolling various metals, especially puddled iron and steel; a roll-train.-6. A connected line of carriages, cars, or wagons moving or intended to be moved on a railway.
Clifford could catch a glimpse of the trains of cars, flashing a brief transit across the extremity of the street. Hawthorne, Seven Gables, xi. 7. A string or file of animals on the march. Goods were carried by long trains of pack-horses. Macaulay, Ilist. Eng., iii. Camel trains wound like worms along the thread-like roads. O'Donovan, Merv, xii. 8. A line of combustible material to lead fire to a charge or mine: same as squib, 2.
9. A company in order; a procession. Which of this princely train ye the warlike Talbot?
Shak., 1 Hen. VI., ii. 2. 34. Forc'd from their homes, a melancholy train. Goldsmith, Traveller, 1. 319. 10. Suitable or proper sequence, order, or arrangement; course; process: as, everything is now in train for a settlement.
6422 Yet first he cast by treatie and by traynes Her to persuade that stubborne fort to yilde. Spenser, F. Q., I. vi. 3. Devilish Macbeth By many of these trains hath sought to win me Into his power. Shak., Macbeth, iv. 3. 118. 14+. A snare; net; trap; ambush. Most justly they the Cities scorne are made, Who will be caught, yet see the traine that 's laid. Heywood, Anna and Phillis (Works, ed. 1874, VI. 323). You laid that Train, I'm sure, to alarm, not to betray, my Innocence. Steele, Tender Husband, v. 1. 15+. Treason; treachery; deceit.
Lady Sneer. Did you circulate the report of Lady Brittle's intrigue with Captain Boastall? Snake. That's in as fine a train as your ladyship could wish. Sheridan, School for Scandal, i. 1. 11. A kind of sleigh used in Canada for the transportation of merchandise, wood, etc. Bartlett.-12. The lure used to recall a hawk. Halliwell.-13. Something intended to allure or entice; wile; stratagem; artifice; a plot or scheme.
Vndertaker of treyne, of talkyng but litill, Neuer myrth in his mouthe meuyt with tong. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), l. 3789. For als tyte mon I be taken With tresoune and with trayne. York Plays, p. 245. Accommodation train. See accommodation.- Cheap Trains Act, a British statute of 1883 (46 and 47 Vict., c. 34), abolishing the duty on railway-fares not exceeding one penny per mile, and reducing the duties on higher fares. -Epicyclic train. See epicyclic.-Limited train. (a) A train the weight of which (or the number of cars) is limited, to correspond to the hauling power of the engine. (b) A train limited to first-class passengers.- Merchant, mixed, parliamentary train. See the adjectives.Puddle-bar train. See muck-rolls.-Rolling-mill train, ally drawn down from balls or blooms; a roll-train. the system of grooved rollers by which iron bars are gradu Through train. See of artillery. See artillery. Train of prisms. Sec spectroscope.-Ves tibuled train. See vestibule, v. t. train2+ (trān), n. [Early mod. E. traine, trayne, trane (chiefly in comp. train-oil); MD. traen, D. traan = MLG. tran, LG. traan (> G. thran Sw. Dan. tran), train-oil, also in MD. liquor tried out by fire; a particular use of MD. traen, D. traan OHG. trahan, MHG. trahen, trān (pl. trahene, trchene, also traher), G. trähne, a tear, akin to OHG. zahar, MHG. zaher, G. zaher, zähre, etc., a tear, E. tear: see tear2.] Same as train-oil. = =
Sometimes used adjectively: A train-band captain eke was he Of famous London town. Cowper, John Gilpin. train-bearer (tran'bar”ėr), n. One who holds up the train of a robe; especially, such a person appointed to attend on the sovereign or some high official on an occasion of ceremony. train-bolt (tranʼbōlt), n. A bolt to which the train-boy (trān'boi), n. training-tackle of a gun is hooked. A lad who sells newspapers, magazines, books, candy, and other articles on railway-trains. [U. S. and Canada.] hands of the hurt that's done by the playing of the mine? trained (trand), p. a. [< traini+-ed2. In def. Shall he that gives fire to the train pretend to wash his Fables. 2, pp. of train1, v.] 1. Having a train. He swooping went In his trained gown about the stage. B. Jonson, tr. of Horace's Art of Poetry. 2. Formed or made proficient by training; edu- cated; instructed; exercised; practised: as, a trained eye or judgment; trained nurses. It is conceded that the object of the manual-training course is not to make artists or mechanics, but trained men and women. New York Evening Post, April 25, 1891. Trained band, a body of trained men, especially soldiers. See train-band.
The leakage of the traine doth fowle the other wares much. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 308. trainable (tra'na-bl), a. [< train1 + -able.] Capable of being trained, educated, or drilled. Youth [is] by grace and good councell traynable to Lusty Juventus. vertue. train-band (trāṇʼband), n. [Short for trained band, early mod. E. trayned band; also called trained company.] A force of citizen soldiery identified with London; especially, one company or division of this force. The service rendered by the train-bands to the Parliament during the civil war caused their dissolution by Charles II., but the force was reorganized later, and continued for many years.
There was Colonel Jumper's Lady, a Colonel of the Train Bands, that has a great Interest in her Parish. Steele, Spectator, No. 376. As to foreign invasion, the Lord Mayor has but to put the standing army of Beef-eaters under arms, and he throw himself into the Tower, call in the train bands, and might bid defiance to the world.
Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 309. On several occasions during the civil war, the train bands of London distinguished themselves highly. Macaulay, Nugent's Hampden.
Each serving man, with dish in hand, March'd boldly up, like our train'd band. Suckling, Ballad upon a Wedding. trainelt (trā'nel), n. [< OF. *trainel (cf. F. traineau), dim. of train, a drag: see train1.] A trail-net; a drag-net. Holland. trainer (trā'ner), n. [< train1 + -er1.] 1. One who trains; an instructor.-2. One who trains
train-oil or prepares men, etc., for the performance of feats requiring certain physical fitness, as an oarsman for a boat-race, a pugilist for a prizefight, or a horse for racing.-3. A militiaman. [U.S.]—4. A wire or wooden frame upon which flowers or shrubs are trained. train-hand (trānʼhand), n. Same as trainman. training (trā'ning), n. [Early mod. E. also trayning; verbal n. of train1, v.] 1. Practical education in some profession, art, handicraft, or the like; instruction coupled with practice in the use of one's powers: as, manual training; a sound business training.
The aim of historical teaching is the training of the judgment to be exercised in the moral, social, and political work of life.
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 373. Man's moral nature is dependent upon heredity, training, and environment. Westminster Rev., CXXV. 251.
2. The act or process of developing the physical strength and powers of endurance, or of rendering the system capable of performing some notable feat; also, the condition of being so prepared and capable.
A professed pugilist; always in training. Dickens, Hard Times, i. 2. ing young trees to a wall or espalier, or of caus3. In gardening, the art or operation of forming them to grow in a desired shape.-4. Drill; practice in the manual of arms and in simple manoeuvers, such as is provided for militia. Compare train-band, training-day.
After my cominge to Colchester, upon Fryday the 11th of this moneth in the afternoone, rydinge into a feild wher all Sr Thomas Lucasse his bande was at trayninge, I, after that Mr Thomas Seymor and I had beeholden the manner of the trayning of the bande, did invite Mr Seymor and myself to suppe with Sr Thomas Lucasse. Sir John Smyth, in Ellis's Lit. Letters, p. 90. Hash, the brother of Margaret, at the Spring training, was punished not only by imprisonment, but also with an inconsiderable fine, for disorderly behavior on that occasion. S. Judd, Margaret, i. 15. Training to Arms Prohibition Act. See prohibition. =Syn. 1. Nurture, Education, etc. (see instruction); drill, schooling, breeding, tuition. training-bit (tra'ning-bit), n. A wooden gagbit used in training vicious horses. It has iron cheeks with a connecting iron passed through a wooden mouthpiece. E. H. Knight: training-day (traʼning-dā), n. A day appointed by law for drill and review of the militia or other citizen soldiery.
You must take something. It's training day, and that don't come only four times a year. S.Judd, Margaret, i. 13. training-halter (tra'ning-hâl"ter), n. A form of halter made like a riding-bridle, but having short cheeks with rings for attaching bit-straps. E. H. Knight. training-level (tra'ning-level), n. An instrument for testing divergence from a true horizontal line: used especially in training guns. training-pendulum (tra'ning-pen"dū-lum), n. A pendulum for facilitating the accurate elevation and depression of guns by means of colored alcohol or quicksilver contained in a tube. Admiral Smyth. training-school (trāʼning-sköl), n. A school or college where practical instruction is given, especially in the art of teaching; a school in which instruction and practice in teaching are united; a normal school. training-ship (trā'ning-ship), n. A ship equipped with officers, instructors, etc., for training lads to be seamen. Besides some old war hulks at the station, there were a couple of training-ships getting ready for a cruise. C. D. Warner, Their Pilgrimage, p. 13.
training-wall (tra'ning-wâl), n. A wall built up to determine the flow of water in a river or harbor.
trainless (tran'les), a. [< train1 + -less.] Having no train: as, a trainless dress. trainman (trānʼmạn), n.; pl. trainmen (-men). A man employed on a railway-train, as a brakeman or a porter.
A special train was on the way from St. Paul with a double complement of engineers and trainmen. Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 566. trainmentt (tran'ment), n. [< train1 + -ment.] Training.
And still that precious trainment is miserably abused which should be the fountain of skill. G. Harvey, Four Letters. train-mile (trān'mil), n. One of the total number of miles run by all the trains of a line or system of railways during some specified period: a unit of work in railway accounts. train-oil (tran'oil), n. [Early mod. E. trayneoyle, tranc-oil; < train2 + oil.] Oil drawn or
train-oil 6423 tried out from the blubber of a whale; espe- traitorfult (tra'tor-fül), a. [ME. traitourfull; cially, ordinary oil from the right whale, as < traitor +-ful.] Traitorous; treacherous. distinguished from sperm-oil.
ds. Make in a readiness all such caske as shalbe needfull for traine oyle, tallowe, or any thing else. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 300. train-road (trān'rōd), n. 1. On railroads, a temporary construction-track for transportation of materials, etc.-2. In mining, a temporary track in a mine, used for light train-rope (tran'rōp), n. Same as train-tackle. train-tackle (tran tak"l), n. See tackle. trainway (tran'wā), n. A platform hinged to a wharf, and forming a bridge from the wharf to the deck of a ferry-boat. E. H. Knight. trainyt (tra'ni), a. [< train2 + y1.] Greasy like train-oil.
Rom. of the Rose, 1. 3231. English form of trace1. Middle English forms
traise2+, v. i. A Middle traisont, traisount, n. of treason. = trait (trāt, in Great Britain tra), n. [KOF. trait, traict, a line, stroke, feature, tract, etc., F. trait, a line, stroke, point, feature, fact, act, etc., Pr. trait, trag, trah It. tratto, a line, etc., L. tractus, a drawing, course: see tract1, n., of which trait is a doublet. Cf. also trace2, orig. trais, pl. of OF. trait.] 1. A stroke; a touch. By this single trait, Homer makes an essential difference between the Iliad and Odyssey. W. Broome, Notes on the Odyssey, i. 9. From talk of war to traits of pleasantry. Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. 2. A distinguishing or peculiar feature; a peculiarity: as, a trait of character.
He had all the Puritanic traits, both good and evil. Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, Int., p. 8. One of the most remarkable traits in modern Egyptian superstition is the belief in written charms. = E. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians, I. 318. traiteriet, n. An old spelling of traitory. traitor (tra'tor), n. and a. [Early mod. E. also traitour;<ME. traitour, traytour, treitur, <OF. traitor, traitur, traiteur, traistre, F. traître Pr. trahire, traire, trahidor, traidor, traitor Sp. Pg. traidor It. traditore, < L. traditor, one who betrays, a betrayer, traitor, lit. 'one who delivers,' and hence in LL. also a teacher, < tradere, give up, deliver: see tradition, trays, and cf. traditor.] I. n. 1. One who violates his allegiance and betrays his country; one who is guilty of treason. See treason. =
My traitourfull torne [action] he turment my tene. York Plays, p. 316. traitorism (tra'tor-izm), n. [< traitor + -ism.] A betrayal. [Rare.]
The loyal clergy are charged with traitorism of their principles. Roger North, Examen, p. 323. (Davies.) traitorlyt (tra 'tor-li), a. [< traitor + -ly1.] Treacherous; perfidious.
God wole not that it be longe in the Hondes of Tray- William's Fortune secures him as well at home against Traitors as in the Field against his Enemies.
These traitorly rascals, whose miseries are to be smiled at, their offences being so capital. Shak., W. T., iv. 4. 821. traitorous (tra'tor-us), a. [Formerly also traiterous; <ME. traitorous; <traitor +-ous.] 1. Guilty of treason; in general, treacherous; perfidious; faithless. More of his [majesty's] friends have lost their lives in this rebellion than of his traitorous subjects. Addison, Freeholder, No. 31. 2. Consisting in treason; characterized by treason; implying breach of allegiance; perfidious: as, a traitorous scheme or conspiracy.
Baker, Chronicles, p. 25. 2. One who betrays any trust; a person guilty of perfidy or treachery; one who violates con- fidence reposed in him.
The false trayteresse pervers.
traitorously (tra'tor-us-li), adv. [< ME. traiterously, treterously; < traitorous +-ly2.] In a traitorous manner; in violation of allegiance and trust; treacherously; perfidiously.
Bacon. If you flatter him, you are a great traitor to him. gentille woman to yeue her selff to a traitour fals churle, blamed with vices, for there is mani of hem deceiued bi the foule and grete fals othes that the fals men vsen to swere to the women.
Vol. My name's Volturtius, I know Pomtinius.
Pom. But he knows not you, While you stand out upon these traitorous terms. B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 7.
They had traitorously endeavoured to subvert the fundamental laws. Clarendon. traitorousness (tra'tor-us-nes), n. The quality of being traitorous or treacherous; treachery. Bailey, 1727. traitory+ (tra'tor-i), n. [ME. traitorie, traiterye, OF. *traitorie, < traitor, a traitor: see traitor.] Treachery; betrayal; treason.
Their silent war of lilies and of roses, traitort (tra'tor), v. t. [< traitor, n.] To act the traitor toward; betray. But time, it traitors me. Lithgow. (Imp. Dict.) traitoress (tra'tor-es), n. [< traitor + -ess.] A female traitor; a traitress.
traluce = he Nor is the postposition of the nominative case to the verb against the use of the tongue; nor the trajection here so great but the Latine will admit the same order of the words. J. Mede, Works (1672), iii. 1. trajectory (tra-jek'to-ri), n.; pl. trajectories (-riz). F. trajectoire, trajectory, OF. the end of a funnel, also adj., passing over, ML. trajectorius, neut. trajectorium, a funnel, < L. trajicere, pp. trajectus, throw over: see traject.] 1. The path described by a body moving under the action of given forces; specifically, curve described by a projectile in its flight through the air. Compare range, 4.-2. In geom., a curve which cuts all the curves or surfaces of a given system at a constant angle. When the constant angle is a right angle, the trajectory is called an orthogonal trajectory. trajetourt, n. Same as tregetour. Gower. trajetry+, n. Same as tregetry. tralationt (tra-la'shon), n. [= It. tralazione, <. L. tralatio(n-), equiv. to translatio(n-), a transferring, translation: see translation.] A change in the use of a word, or the use of a word in a less proper but more significant sense. According to the broad tralation of his rude Rhemists. Bp. Hall, Honour of Married Clergy, i. § 14. tralatition+ (tral-a-tish'on), n. [Ireg. for tralation (after tralatitious).] A departure from the literal use of words; a metaphor. tralatitioust (tral-a-tish'us), a. [=It. tralatizio, <L. tralaticius, tralatitius, equiv. to translaticius, translatitius, < translatus, pp. of transferre, transfer: see translate.] Metaphorical; not literal.
Thou knowst that to be Cerberus, and him Heywood, Dialogues (Works, ed. Pearson, 1874, VI. 236). If the sun's light be trajected through three or more cross prisms successively.
Newton, Opticks, I. i., Exper. 10. traject (traj'ekt), n. [< OF. traject, trajet, a ferry, a passage over, It. tragetto, tragitto, < L. trajectus, a passage over, < trajicere, throw Cf. treget.] 1t. A ferry; over: see traject, v. a passage or place for passing over water with boats (by some commentators said to mean the boat itself).
Fortune,.
Bring them, I pray thee, with imagin'd speed
Unless we could contrive a perfect set of new words, there is no speaking of the Deity without using our old ones in a tralatitious sense. Stackhouse, Hist. Bible, iv. 1. Metatralatitiously (tral-a-tish'us-li), adv. phorically; not in a literal sense.
Shak., M. of V., iii. 4. 54 (folio 1623). 2. A trajectory. [Rare.] The traject of comets. Is. Taylor. (Imp. Dicl.) 3. The act of throwing across or transporting; transmission; transference. [Rare.] At the best, however, this traject [that of printing from Asia] was but that of the germ of life, which Sir W. Thomson, in a famous discourse, suggested had been carried to this earth from some other sphere by meteoric agency. Athenæum. (Imp. Dict.)
Knight of La Tour Landry, p. 2. trajection (tra-jek'shon), n. [= It. trajezione, < L. trajection-), a crossing over, passage, transposition (of words), < trajicere, throw over, convey over: see traject.] 1. The act of trajecting; a casting or darting through or across; a crossing; a passage.
Holder, Elements of Speech, p. 8. tralineatet (tra-lin'e-at), v. i. [After It. traliguare, degenerate, L. trans, across, + linea, line: see line2.] To deviate in course or direc tion.
My due for thy trajection downe here lay. Heywood, Dialogues (Works, ed. Pearson, 1874, VI. 232). Of this sort might be the spectre at the Rubicon, Caesar hesitating that trajection. Evelyn, True Religion, I. 144. 2. In gram. and rhet., transposition: same as [Rare.]
Written Language is tralatitiously so called, because it is made to represent to the Eye the same Letters and Words which are pronounced.
If you tralineate from your father's mind, What are you else but of a bastard-kind? Dryden, Wife of Bath, 1. 396. Trallian (tral'ian), a. [< L. Trallianus (< Gr. Tpa22avós), of Tralles, Tralles, also Trallis, Gr. Tpáλhes, also Tpá22s, a city of Lydia.] Of or pertaining to the ancient Greek city of Tralles, in Asia Minor, or its inhabitants.-Trallian school, a school of Greek Hellenistic sculpture of the third century B. C., of which the great surviving work is
tralucency tralucency+ (trā-lū ́sen-si), n. [< tralucen(t) + -cy.] Translucency." Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., ii. 1. tralucent+ (tra-lu'sent), a. [= It. tralucente, < L. tralucen(t-)s, ppr. of tralucere, translucere, shine through: see translucent.] Transparent; translucent.
= And fair tralucent stones, that over all It did reflect. Peele, Honour of the Garter. tram1 (tram), n. [< OSw. *tram, tråm, trum, a log, stock of a tree, Sw. dial. tromm, trömm, trumm, a stump, the end of a log, also a kind of sled, Norw. tram, tröm, trumm, edge, brim, tram, a step, door-step, = Dan. dial. trom, end, stump, Icel. thrömr (thram-), edge, brim, MD. drom, a beam, balk, = MLG. trame, a crosspiece, a round of a ladder, a step of a chair, LG. traam (< G. or Scand.), a beam, balk, handle of a wheelbarrow or sled, = OHG. drām, trām, beam, balk (> MHG. 'drāmen, supply with beams or props), G. tram, a beam; forms in gradation, or in part identical, with ME. thrum MD. dro the end of a weaver's thread, thrum, = OHG. drum, dhrum, MHG. drum, G. trumm, thrum, end, stump of a tree; akin to L. terminus, end, Gr. répua, end: see thrum1 and term. Cf. OF. trameau, a sled, or dray without wheels. The senses and forms are involved, but the development seems to have been, end, fragment, stump, log, pole (shaft, handle), bar, beam, rail.' The E. word in the sense 'rail' seems to have been applied to a rail or plank in a tram-road or plank road, thence to the lines of rails or planks, and thence to the road itself. In the sense of 'car' or 'tram-car' it is prob. short for tram-car, but 2t. tram as a 'mine-car' (def. 6) may represent the Sw. word in the sense a kind of sled.'] 1. A beam or bar: as, gallows trams. [Scotch.]-2. The shaft of a cart, wheelbarrow, or vehicle of any kind. [Scotch.]-3+. A plank road. To the amendinge of the highwaye or tram, frome the weste ende of Bridgegait, in Barnard Castle, 20s. Will of Ambrose Middleton, Aug. 4, 1555 (Surtees Soc. [Publ., XXXVIII. 37, note). 4. One of the two parallel lines of rails which form a tramway.
Laying his trams in a poison'd gloom. Tennyson, Maud, x.
5. A tramway. [Great Britain.]—6. A fourwheeled car or wagon used in coal-mines, especially in the north of England, for conveying the coals from the working-places to the pitbottom, or from the pit-mouth to the place of shipment. The words tram, corf, box, tub, and skip are all in use in English collieries to designate some kind of a box-like receptacle, vehicle, or car by which coal is transported, either above or beneath the surface. 7. Same as tram-car. [Great Britain.]
Lord Rosebery in his midnight address to the tram servants. Nineteenth Century, XXVI. 723.
6424 Trametes (tra-mē ́tēz), n. [NL. (Fries, 1836), The net is love's, right worthily supported; A snare.
8. In a grinding-mill, position perpendicular to the face of the bedstone: said of a spindle. See tramming. tram1 (tram), v.; pret. and pp. trammed, ppr. tramming. [< tram1, n.] I. trans. To move or transport on a tramway.
= The problem of the commercial success of electrical propulsion on tramlines has been solved. Elect. Rev. (Eng.), XXIV. 67. trammel (tram ́el), n. [Early mod. E. also tramel, tramell; < ME. tramayle, < OF. tramail, F. tramail, more commonly trémail, also tramel, trameau Sp. trasmallo = Pg. trasmalho, a net (cf. Pg. trambolho, a clog or trammel for a horse), =It. tramaglio, dial. tramagio, trimaj, tremagg, a fish-net, bird-net, < ML. tramacula, tramagula, also tremaculum, tremacle, tremale, trimacle, a fish-net, bird-net, trammel (the forms are confused, indicating uncertainty as to the etymology); prob. orig. ML. *trimacula, lit. a 'three-mesh' net, i. e. a net of three layers (differing in size of meshes), L. tres (tri-), three, macula, a mesh: see mail1, macula. In defs. 5, 6, 7 the sense suggests a connection with tram1, a bar or beam, but they are appar. particular uses of trammel in the sense of shackle.' Cf. tram3.] 1. A net for fishing; a trawl-net or trawl; a drag-net. See trammel-net.
Nay, Cupid, pitch thy trammel where thou please, Thou canst not fail to take such fish as these. Quarles, Emblems, ii. 3., Epig. A net for binding up or confining the hair. Her golden lockes she roundly did uptye In breaded tramels. Spenser, F. Q., II. ii. 15. 3. A shackle; specifically, a kind of shackle used for regulating the motions of a horse, and making him amble.-4. Whatever hinders activity, freedom, or progress; an impediment. Prose.. is loose, easy, and free from trammels. Goldsmith, Pref. to Poetical Dict. It is impossible not to be struck with his [William IV.'s] extreme good-nature and simplicity, which he cannot or will not exchange for the dignity of his new situation and the trammels of etiquette. Greville, Memoirs, July 24, 1830.
5. An implement hung in a fireplace to support hung from the back-bar or from a crane; they are often pots and other culinary vessels. Trammels are so constructed in two parts that they can be lengthened and shortened. Our own warm hearth seemed blazing free, The crane and pendent trammels showed, The Turks' heads on the andirons glowed. Whittier, Snow-Bound. 6. An instrument for drawing ellipses, used by joiners and other artificers; an ellipsograph. One part consists of a cross with two grooves at right angles; the other is a beam-compass which carries the describing pencil, and is guided by two pins which slide in the grooves. 7. A beam-compass. trammel (tram'el), v. t.; pret. and pp. trammeled, trammelled, ppr. trammeling, trammelling. [< trammel, n.] 1. To catch as in a net; make captive; restrain. [Obsolete or archaic.] If the assassination Could trammel up the consequence, and catch With his surcease success, We'd jump the life to come. Trammel, 6. Shak., Macbeth, i. 7. 3.
An empty kibble is placed upon the trolley and trammed back along the level, where it is again loaded from a shoot (mill, pass) or by the shovel. Encyc. Brit., XVI. 455. II. intrans. To operate a tram; also, to travel by tram. Elect. Rev. (Amer.), XVI. xvi. 2. tram2+ (tram), n. [ME. tramme, traimme; origin obscure.] A machine; a contrivance. tram3 (tram), n. [Cf. tram2 and trammel.] A device, resembling a trammel, used for shaping oval molds, etc. tram1 (tram), n. [= G. Dan. trame, F. trame, tram, weft, It. trama, woof, weft, L. trama, 2. To shackle; confine; hamper. weft.] A kind of double silk thread, in which two or more strands or singles are twisted together in a direction contrary to the twist of the singles, used for the weft or cross-threads of gros-de-Naples velvets, flowered silks, and the best varieties of silk goods. Also called shute. trama (trā'mä), n. [NL., L. trama, weft.] In bot., the hyphal tissue which lies in the middle of the lamella on the pileus in hymenomycetous fungi. Also called dissepiment, and in tralamellar tissue. tramal (trā'mal), a. [ trama +-al.] Pertaining to or consisting of trama: as, tramal tissue. tram-car (tram'kär), n. [< tram1, 5, + car1.] 1. A car used on a tramway; a tramway-car; a horse-car on a street-railway. Also called tram. [Great Britain.]-2. A car used in coalmines: same as tram1, 6.
While I am striving. How to entangle, trammel up, and snare Your soul in mine.
Mardonius would never have persuaded me, had dreams and visions been less constant and less urgent. What pious man ought to resist them? Nevertheless, I am still surrounded and trammelled by perplexities. Landor, Imag. Conv., Xerxes and Artabanus. 3. To train slavishly; inure to conformity or obedience. [Rare.]
Hackneyed and trammelled in the ways of a court. trammeled, trammelled (tram'eld), p. a. Pope, To Gay, Oct. 16, 1727. 1. Having blazes or white marks on the fore foot Caught; confined; shackled; hampered.-2. and hind foot of one side, as if marked by trammels: said of a horse.-Cross-trammeled, having a white fore foot on one side and a white hind foot on the other, as a horse. trammeler, trammeller (tram'el-èr), n. [ trammel-er1.] 1. One who or that which
tramp trammels or restrains.-2. One who uses a trammel-net.
Or like Aurora when with pearl she sets Her long discheveld rose-crowned trammelets. Witts Recreations (1654). (Nares.) trammeler. trammelled, trammeller. See trammeled, trammel-net (tram'el-net), n. A sort of dragnet for taking fish. It now usually consists of three seines of similar form fastened together at their edges. The inner net is very loose and full, and of fine thread and small mesh. The two outer ones have a mesh from 3 to 6 inches long, and of coarser thread. The fish pass readily through the outer seines and strike the inner net, which is thus pocketed through one of the large meshes, the fullness of the inner net readily permitting this proThe fish are thus held in a kind of pocket. trusion. Trammel-wheel with six slots. trammel-wheel (tram'el-hwēl), ». A mechanical device for converting a reciprocating into a circular motion. It consists of a wheel having on one side four slots, like a trammel, in which move two blocks placed on an arm connected with a piston-rod. The blocks slide in the grooves of the wheel, and cause it to make two revolutions to one stroke of the rod. Another form consists of a wheel with six slots, and a smaller wheel with three arms which travel in the slots. Also called slosh-wheel. E. H. Knight. trammer (tram ́ėr), n. [< tram1 + -er1.] In coal-mining, a putter or drawer. See putter1, 2. tramming (tram'ing), n. The operation of adjusting the spindle of a [< tram1 + -ing1.] millstone to bring it exactly perpendicular with the face of the bedstone. When so adjusted it is said to be in tram; when inclined to the face it is out of tram. tramontana (trä-mon-tä’nä), n. [It.: see tramontane.] The north wind: commonly so called in the Mediterranean. The name is also given to a peculiar cold and blighting wind, very hurtful in the Archipelago. tramontane (tra-monʼtan or trä-mon-tān'), a. and n. [I. a. Formerly also tramountain, q. v.; <OF. tramontain = Sp. Pg. tramontano,< It. tramontano, beyond the mountains, L. transmontanus, beyond the mountains, trans, beyond, +mon(t-)s, mountain: see mount1, mountain. Cf. ultramontane. II. n. <OF. (and F.) tramonna, the polar star, also the north wind, = Sp. Pg. tane Pr. trasmontana, tramontana, tremontaIt. tramontana,< L. transmontana (sc. stella), the polar star, thus named in Provence and in the north of Italy, because it is there visible beyond the Alps.] I. a. 1. Being or situated beyond the mountains-that is, the Alps: originally used by the Italians; hence, foreign; barbarous: then applied to the Italians as being beyond the mountains from Germany, France, etc. See ultramontane.
A dream; in days like these Impossible, when Virtue is so scarce That to suppose a scene where she presides Is tramontane, and stumbles all belief. Cowper, Task, iv. 533. 2. Coming from the other side of the mountains: as, tramontane wind. Addison, Remarks on Italy (Works, ed. Bohn, I. 367). II. n. 1. One who lives beyond the mountains; hence, a stranger; a barbarian. See I. A happiness Those tramontanes ne'er tasted. Massinger, Great Duke of Florence, ii. 2. Hush! I hear Captain Cape's voice-the hideous tramontane ! A. Murphy, Old Maid, iii. 1. 2. The north wind. See tramontana. tramosericeous (tram"ō-se-rish'ius), a. [<L. trama, weft (see tram4), + LL. sericeus, silken: see sericeous.] In entom., having a luster resembling that of satin, as the elytra of certain beetles. tramoso (trä-mōʻzō), n. See lupine2. tramountain+, a. and n. [< ME. tramountaine,< OF. tramontane, the polar star, the north wind: see tramontane.] I. a. Same as tramontane. Fuller, Worthies, II. 49. II. n. The pole-star.
I [Lucifer] schal telde vp my trone in the tra mountayne. Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), ii. 211. tramp (tramp), v. trampen (MHG. freq. trampeln, >G. trampeln) = [< ME. trampen = MLG. LG.
How often did he ... dread to look over his shoulder, lest he should behold some uncouth being tramping close behind him! Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 425. He had tramped about the fields of the vacant farm, trying helplessly to look after things which he did not un- derstand. Mrs. Oliphant, Poor Gentleman, v. 2. To go about as a vagrant or vagabond. tramp (tramp), n. [< tramp, v.] 1. The sound made by the feet in walking or marching. Then came the tramp of horse. Scott, Antiquary, xxvi. The unmercifully lengthened tramp of my passing and returning footsteps. Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, Int., p. 38. 2. An excursion or journey on foot; a walk. It was his delight. to organize woodland tramps, and to start us on researches similar to his own. H. B. Stowe, Oldtown, p. 429.
We shook hands with them all, men, women, and children, resuming our tramp about eleven o'clock. We still kept the main traveled road. The Century, XL. 615.
3. A plate of iron worn by ditchers, etc., un-
[Vagrancy, p. 267. J. F. Clarke, Self-Culture, p. 280. 7. A freight-vessel that does not run in any reg- ular line, but takes a cargo wherever the ship- pers desire: also used attributively, as in tramp steamer. Also called ocean tramp. [Slang.] tramper (tramʼpėr), n. [< tramp +-er1.] 1. One who tramps.-2. An itinerant mechanic; a workman in search of employment.-3. An idle vagrant; a homeless vagabond; a tramp; a gipsy.
They had suddenly perceived. a of an invitation for attack could not be resisted. Jane Austen, Emma, xxxix. D'ye think his honour has naething else to do than to speak wi' ilka idle tramper that comes about the town? Scott, Heart of Mid-Lothian, xxvi. tramping-drum (tram'ping-drum), n. In the
hollow trunnions, through which warm air or tram-plate (tram'plat), n. A flat iron plate laid as a rail: the earliest form of rail for railways. trample (tram'pl), v.; pret. and pp. trampled, ppr. trampling. [< ME. trampelen, tramplen D. trampelen = LG. trampeln = MHG. trampeln, G. trampeln; a freq. of tramp.] I. trans. To beat or tread down by the tramping or stamp- ing of feet, or by frequent treading; prostrate or crush by treading under foot; tread upon or tread down, literally or figuratively.
Another class, that of importunate sturdy tramps, has
Neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they tram- ple them under their feet. Mat. vii. 6. But that Humane and Diuine learning is now trampled vnder the barbarous foote of the Ottoman-Horse.
6425 My Muse, to some eares not vnsweet, Tempers her words to trampling horses' feete More oft then to a chamber-melodie. Sir P. Sidney, Astrophel and Stella, Ixxxiv.
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 320. Was it not enough for thee to stoop so low for our sakes, but that thou shouldst be trampled on because thou didst it? Stillingfleet, Sermons, I. vi. Squadrons of the Prince, trampling the flowers. Tennyson, Princess, v. In 1869 the present ruler of Austria and Dalmatia strove to trample under foot the ancient rights of the freemen of the Bocche di Cattaro.
reverence. 'Tis the presumptuous and proud man alone who dares Sudden and steady the music, as eight hoofs trample and thunder. Swinburne, Hesperia.
E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 236. II. intrans. To tread with repeated force and shock; stamp; hence, to tramp roughshod; tread roughly or contemptuously.
all the other damned. trample (tram'pl), n. [< trample, v.] A fre-
Pity your trampler, sir, your poor solicitor. Middleton, World Tost at Tennis. The trampler is in hast, O cleere the way, Takes fees with both hands cause he cannot stay, No matter wheth'r the cause be right or wrong, So hee be payd for letting out his tongue. John Taylor, Works (1630). (Nares.) trampoose, v. i. See trampous. trampot (tram'pot), n. [ tram1 + pot.] In
Trampots. 1. Arched trampot, the arch at c straddling a driving-shaft when bevel-gearing is used; a, bridge-tree supporting the step b. 2. More common form of trampot, in which the movable step is adjustable to center by a quadrilateral arrangement of set-screws.
Some years ago I landed near to Dover, tramroad (tram'rōd), n. [Formerly also (once) Keats, Hyperion, i. tranché (F. pron. tron-shā'), a. [F., pp. of trancher, cut: see trench.] In her., party per tram-staff (tram'staf), n. In milling, a straight-tranectt, ". bend. manufacture of leather, a stuffing-wheel with edge used to test the position of the spindle traneen (trā-nēn′), n. [< Ir. trainīn, traithnîn, See the quotation under traject.
trampous, trampoose (tram'pus, tram-pös'), v. i.; pret. and pp. trampoused, trampoosed, ppr. trampousing, trampoosing. [Appar. < tramp + -ous, -oose, a merely capricious addition.] To tramp; walk or wander about. [Vulgar.]
and millstone, and to test the surface of the
tramway (tram'wa), n. [< tram1, a rail, + ed at first of trams of wood or flat stones, at a later period of iron rails. The first tramways were simply rude horse railroads for the transportation of heavy freight. The term is now applied to all kinds of street-railroads, whe- Britain.] ther using engines, horses, a cable, or electricity. [Great The smelting furnaces are the centre of activity, and to them tramways and railways converge, bearing strings of trucks loaded with materials.
Edinburgh Rev., CXVII. 211. nare, swim: see natant.] The act of passing over by swimming; transnatation. trance1 (trans), n. [Early mod. E. also transe, traunce, OF. *transe, passage (found only in the deflected sense: see trance2), It. transito, passage, L. transitus, a crossing over, transit: see transit. Cf. trance2.] 1. A journeying or =
trankeh journey over a country; especially, a tedious journey. [Old and prov. Eng.]-2. A passage, especially a passage inside a house. [Scotch.j But mair he look'd, and dule saw he, Lammikin (Child's Ballads, III. 311). trance1† (tráns), v. i. [Early mod. E. also traunce; trance1, n.] To tramp; travel. Traunce the world over, you shall never purse up so much gold as when you were in England. Fletcher (and another), Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 2. = trance2 (tråns), n. [Early mod. E. also transe, traunce; ME. trance, transe, traunce, ‹ OF. transe, extreme fear, dread, a trance or swoon (prob. also in orig. sense 'passage'), F. transe, extreme fear, Sp. trance, critical moment, crisis, hour of death, transfer of goods, Pg. trance, critical moment, crisis, hour of death, It. transito, passage, decease, < L. transitus, a passage, transire, pass over: see transit, and cf. trance1. Some derive F. transe directly from OF. transi, fallen in a swoon, amazed, half-dead, pp. of transir, fall in a swoon, lit. go over.] 1. A passing away or apart; a state in which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into another state of being; a state of insensibility to mundane things; a rapture; an ecstasy.
a little stalk of grass, the herb-bennet.] A grass, Cynosurus cristatus. Britten and Holland. [Irish.]-Not worth a traneen, not worth a rush. trangamt, trangamet, ". Same as trangram. trangle (trang'gl), n. [Origin obscure.] In her., one of the diminutives of the fesse, by some writers considered as a bar, by others as a closet or barrulet. trangram+ (trang'gram), n. [Also trangam, trangame, trankum; appar. an arbitrary var. of tangram or perhaps of anagram.] Something trumpery, unusual, or of no value; a gimerack.
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trankum trankum (trangʻkum), n. Same as trangram. That shawl must be had for Clara, with the other trankums of muslin and lace. Scott, St. Ronan's Well, xviii. tranlacet (tran-lās′), v. t. [< tran- for trans- + lace.] To transpose. Here ye see how in the former rime this word life is tranlaced into liue, liuing, liuely, liuelode. Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 170. trannel (tranʼel), n. [A var. of trunnel, ult. of treenail.] A treenail. tranquil (trang'kwil), a. [< F. tranquille Sp. tranquilo Pg. It. tranquillo, L. tranquillus, quiet, tranquil.] Quiet; calm; undisturbed; not agitated; serene. = =
In Also spelled tranquilise, tranquillise. tranquilizer, tranquillizer (trangʻkwil-i-zèr), n. [ tranquilize +-er1.] One who or that which tranquilizes. Also spelled tranquiliser, tranquilliser. tranquilizingly, tranquillizingly (trang'kwil-i-zing-li), adv. So as to tranquilize. tranquillamente (trång-kel-lå-men'te), adv. [It., tranquillo, tranquil: see tranquil.] music, tranquilly; calmly; in a quiet manner. tranquillity (trang-kwil'i-ti), n. [< ME. tranquillitee, < OF. tranquillite, F. tranquillité = Pr. tranquillitat, tranquilitat Sp. tranquilidad Pg. tranquillidade = It. tranquillità, L. tranquil: see tranquil.] The state or character of being tranquil; quietness; serenity; freedom from disturbance or agitation; calmness. = = tran
6426 as in transfigure, transform, etc. Trans- is also a frequent crete sense of 'athwart, across, crosswise, transversely, process, equivalent to transverse process, or diapophysis; transductor, transfrontal, transmedian, transection, etc. trans. An abbreviation of transactions, translated or translator, transpose, transitive, etc. transact (trans-akt'), v. [<L. transactus, pp. of transigere (> It. transigere Sp. Pg. transigir), drive through, carry through, bring to an end, finish, complete, perform, trans, through, to have been suggested by the nouns transactor + agere, drive, do: see act. The verb appears and transaction.] I. trans. To carry through; perform; conduct; manage; do.
Ne ever rests he in tranquillity, tation. calm, stillness. The roring billowes beat his bowre so boystrously. Spenser, F. Q., III. x. 58. Preserving the tranquillity of our spirits and the evenness of our temper in the assault of infamy and disrepuJer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 33. Power dwells apart in its tranquillity, Remote, serene, and inaccessible. Shelley, Mont Blanc, iv. =Syn. Quiet, Peace, etc. (see rest1), serenity, placidness, tranquillo (tråȧn-kwēlʼlō), a. [It., E. tranquil.] In music, tranquil: noting a passage to tranquilly (trang'kwil-li), adv. [< tranquil + [ tranquil + -ly2. In a tranquil manner; quietly; peacefully. tranquilness (trang'kwil-nes), n. Tranquillity. trans-. [F. trans-, tré-, OF. trans-, tres- Sp. Pg. trans-, tras- = It. trans-, tras-, < L. trans-, prefix, trans, prep., across, over, beyond, on the other side of, in comp. across, over, through, through and through, beyond. Before a conso be so rendered. = nant the form varies between trans- and tra-, as in transdere, tradere (see tradition, tray3), transducere, traducere (see traduce), translucere, tralucere, etc. (see tralucent, translucent); before s, the form commonly becomes tran-, as in transcendere, for transscendere (see transcend), etc. This prefix appears in E. in other forms, as train traduce, traject, etc., tre- in the obs. treget, etc., tres- in trespass, and reduced or partly absorbed in traitor, treason, trays, betray, etc.] A prefix of Latin origin, meaning across, over, beyond, on the other side of, through,' as in transfer, 'carry over,' transfuse, 'pour over,' transgress, 'pass beyond,' etc., transalpine, 'beyond the Alps,' etc. (in the last use opposed to cis-). Besides its use in numerous English words taken from Latin words with this prefix, it is used to some extent as an English formative, as in transdialect, transearth, transpierce, transview, etc. It is commonly used in its literal sense, but also as implying complete change,
common sense. Which pretences I am content to let alone, if they. will but transact the question wholly by Scripture and Jer. Taylor, Real Presence, § 12. In a country fully stocked in proportion to all the business it had to transact, as great a quantity of stock would be employed in every particular branch as the nature and Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, i. 9. II. intrans. To conduct, arrange, or settle matters; deal; treat; negotiate. extent of the trade would admit. measures. God transacts with mankind by gentle and paternal Bp. Parker, Platonick Philos., p. 52. action = Pr. transactio transaction (tràns-ak'shọn), n. [< F. trans- Sp. transaccion Pg. transacção=It. transazione,<LL.transactio(n-), a completion, an agreement, < L. transigere, com- plete, perform, transact: see transact.] 1. The management or settlement of an affair; a doing or performing: as, the transaction of business. 2. A completed or settled matter or item of business; a matter or affair either con ed or in course of completion: as, a transaction
of questionable honesty. Richardson, Clarissa Harlowe, III. lviii.
Indifferent to truth in the transactions of life, he was
transcendent transatlantic (trans-at-lan'tik), a. [=F. transatlantique = Sp. transatlántico; as trans- + Atlantic.] 1. Lying or being beyond the Atlantic; on the opposite side of the Atlantic from the country of the speaker or writer; specifically, in Europe, American.
The Trans-Appalachian movement of Birds.
I go to search where, dark and deep, Those Trans-atlantic treasures sleep. Scott, Rokeby, i. 21. 2. Crossing or passing across the Atlantic: as, a transatlantic line of steamers. through,+ audien(t-)s, ppr. of audire, hear: see transaudient (trans-â'di-ent), a. [< L. trans-, hearing.] Permitting the passage of sound. [Rare.]
There were dwarfs, also, who danced and sang, and many a proprietor regretted the transaudient properties of canvas, which allowed the frugal public to share in the melody without entering the booth. Lowell, Cambridge Thirty Years Ago. transcalency (trans-kā ́len-si), n. [< transcalen(t) + -cy.] The property of being transcalent. transcalent (tråns-kā ́lent), a. [< L. trans, through, calen (t-)s, ppr. of calere, be warm: see calid.] Pervious to heat; permitting the passage of heat. E. Frankland, Exper. Chem., p. 997. transcend (trån-send'), v._ [< OF. transcender Sp. transcender, trascender Pg. transcender It. transcendere, trascendere, < L. transcendere, transscendere, climb over, step over, surpass, transcend, < trans, over, + scandere, climb: see Cf. ascend, descend.] I. trans. 1†. To climb over or up; ascend; mount; reach or extend upward to. = scan. The shore let her transcend, the promont to descry. Drayton, Polyolbion, i. 71.
It will be thought a thing ridiculous that any poet, void Of birth, or wealth, or temporal dignity, Make disquisition whether these unusual lights be me- teorological impressions not transcending the upper re- gion, or whether to be ranked among celestial bodies. Howell. (Latham.)
3. pl. The reports or publications containing Transactions. I have delivered him a Copy of the Transactions of Things that concerned their Company at Rheinsburgh. Howell, Letters, I. vi. 8. 4. In civil law, an adjustment of a dispute between parties by mutual agreement; the extinguishing of an obligation by an agreement by scends our experience, but it is not only Orientals who sny which each party consents to forego part of his claims in order to close the matter finally. It pre Emerson, Friendship, p. 206. indeed of whatever tranthat "With God all things are possible." supposes that each of the parties incurs some loss, other- J. R. Seeley, Nat. Religion, p. 77. 3. To surpass; outdo; excel; exceed. Secret scorching flames, That far transcend earthly material fires, Are crept into me, and there is no cure. = Pg. transactor, < L. transactor, a manager, < transigere, pp. transactus, complete, transact: see transact.] One who transacts, performs, or conducts any business. Beau. and Fl., King and No King, iii. 3. Dryden, Epitaph for Monument of a Lady at Bath. = transalpine (trans-al'pin), a. and n. [< F. II. n. A native or an inhabitant of a country transandine (trans-an'din), a. [< trans- + Andes + -inel.] Across the Andes; to or on the other side of the Andes: as, transandine explorations. transanimate (trans-an'i-mat), v. t.; pret. and pp. transanimated, ppr. transanimating. [< trans-animate.] To animate by the convey- ance of a soul to another body. Dean King, Sermon, Nov., 1608. [Rare.] transanimation (trans-an-i-ma'shọn), n. It. transanimazione; as transanimate + -ion.] Transmigration of the soul; metempsychosis; also, any doctrine or theory of reincarnation (as in the following extract). Yf it may be graunted that the spirites of dead men may reuiue in other (after the opinion and transani- mation of Pythagoras), we may thynke that the soule of Archimedes was reuiued in Besson, that excellent Geom- eter of our tyme. R. Eden (First Books on America, ed. Arber, p. xlvii).
2. To pass over; go beyond; overpass; overstep.
It is a dangerous opinion to such popes as shall transcend their limits and become tyrannical. Bacon. The great will see that true love cannot be unrequited. True love transcends the unworthy object.
To that People thou a Law hast giv'n
Syn. 2. To overstep.-3. To outstrip, outdo. II. intrans. 1t. To climb; mount; pass upward or onward.
But to conclude an impossibility from a difficulty, or affirm whereas things not easily sink they do not drown at all, besides the fallacy, is a frequent addition in human expression, and an amplification not unusual as well in opinions as relations; which oftentimes give indistinct accounts of proximities, and without restraint transcend from one another. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., vii. 15. 2. To be transcendent; excel. scendent. = transcendantt, a. An obsolete form of tran- transcendence (trån-sen'dens), n. scendance: [= F. tran- Sp.transcendencia, trascendencia Pg. transcendencia = It. transcendenza, trascen- transcendent: see transcendent.] The charac- denza, LL. transcendentia,< L. transcenden(t-)s, ter of being transcendent; elevation; loftiness; exaggeration. In a most weak and debile minister, great power, great transcendence. Shak., All's Well, ii. 3. 40. transcendency (trån-sen'den-si), n. [As tran- scendence (see -cy).] Same as transcendence.
"It is true greatness to have in one the frailty of a man and the security of a God;"... this would have done better in poesy, where transcendencies are more allowed. Bacon, Adversity (ed. 1887). transcendent (trån-sen'dent), a. and n. [Formerly also transcendant; < OF. (and F.) transcendant Pr. trenscendant Sp. transcendente,
transcendent trascendente = Pg. transcendente = It. trascen- ppr. of transcendere, surpass, transcend: see transcend.] I. a. 1. Surpassing; excelling; superior or supreme; extraordinary: as, tran- scendent worth.
Clothed with transcendent brightness. Milton, P. L., i. 86. The Lords accused the Commons for their transcendant misbehaviour. Evelyn, Diary, June 2, 1675.2. In scholastic philos., not included under one For any question or theorem which might pass beyond 4. Transcending the universe of matter; not judgment, univocation, etc. See the nouns. Syn. 1. Preeminent, surpassing, supereminent, unequaled, unpar- alleled, unrivaled, peerless. II. n. 1. That which surpasses or excels;
This power of remission is a transcendant, passing through all the parts of the priestly offices. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 260.
2. In metaph.: (a) A reality above the cate- ing omitted. (b) That which is altogether beyond Though the Deity perceiveth not pleasure nor pain as we do, yet he must have a perfect and transcendental perception of these and of all other things. = N. Grew, Cosmologia Sacra. 2. In philos.: (a) In Aristotelian philosophy, extending beyond the bounds of a single category. The doctrine implied is that every strictly univ ocal predicate is contained under one of the ten predica ments; but there are certain predicates, as being (ens),
Transcendental and transcendent do not mean the same thing. The principles of the pure understanding, which we explained before, are meant to be only of empirical, and not of transcendental application, that is, they cannot transcend the limits of experience. A principle, on the contrary, which removes those landmarks, nay, insists on our transcending them, is called transcendent.
6427 transcriptive the elements of pure intellectual cognition and the prin- transcensiont (trán-sen'shọn), n. [< L. as if ciples without which generally no object can be thought; transcensio(n-), < transcendere, surpass, tranthe decomposition of our collective cognition a priori into the elements of pure intellectual cognition. Tran- scend: see transcend.] A passing over or bescendental anatomy. See anatomy.-Transcenden- yond. tal apperception, the original invariable self-consciousness, in which every thought is brought to logical unity. -Transcendental cognition. Same as transcendental knowledge.-Transcendental critic, the doctrine of the correctness of human cognition, showing how far it is to be trusted, and what elements are subjective, what understood. objective. Transcendental curve. See curve. Tran- origin of our knowledge in those elements of conception cannot be to sense.-Transcendental object, the unknown real object, according to the Kantian theory. See universal.-Transcendental paralthat perfection which consists in the presence of all that ogism. See paralogism.-Transcendental perfection, is necessary to the essence of the thing to which it belongs.-Transcendental philosophy. See philosophy. Transcendental place, the fact that a concept belongs either to sensibility on the one hand, or to the pure understanding on the other; the determination of an object either to be a phenomenon or to be a thing in itself. Transcendental quantity. (at) The degree with which a quality is possessed.
Kant, Critique of Pure Reason (tr. by Müller), II. 256. The belief which all men entertain of the existence of different from what are commonly called truths, in the or data... D. Stewart, Collected Works (ed. Hamilton), III. 44. (d) In Schellingistic philosophy, explaining matter and all that is objective as a product of subjective mind.-3. Abstrusely speculative; beyond the reach of ordinary, every-day, or common thought and experience; hence, vague; obscure; fantastic; extravagant. The soul, as recognized in the philosophy of the lower races, may be defined as an ethereal surviving being, con- E. B. Tylor, Prim. Culture, II. 21. amphiboly. See amphiboly.-Transcendental ana-
The value of a transcendental function. Transcen- temporal form. Transcendental topic, the doctrine [< transcendental + -ism.] 1. The character of being transcendental. Specifically-2. In philos., in general, the doctrine that the prin- ciples of reality are to be discovered by the study of the processes of thought. (a) Originally, the critical philosophy of Kant. (Usually, the prin- ciples of F. W. J. von Schelling. Especially applied in this sense to the teachings of Hedge, Emerson, and other American followers of Schelling. transcendentalist (tran-sen-dental-ist), n. [< transcendental + -ist.] An adherent of some form of transcendentalism; especially, an American follower of Schelling. transcendentality (trån "sen-den-tal'i-ti), n. [< transcendentality.] The character of being transcendental. [Rare.] transcendentalize (tran-sen-denʼtal-iz), v. t. To render transcendental; interpret from a transcendental point of view. transcendentally (trán-sen-denʼtal-i), adv. In a transcendental manner; from a transcenden- tal point of view; a priori. transcendently (trån-sen'dent-li), adv. In a transcendent manner; surpassingly; extraor- dinarily. The law of Christianity is eminently and transcendently South, Sermons. called the word of truth. transcendentness (trån-sen'dent-nes), n. Tran- scendence. transcendible (trån-sen'di-bl), a. [< tran- scend-ible.] Capable of being climbed or passed over. It appears that Romulus slew his brother because he attempted to leap over a sacred and inaccessible place, to and profane.
There is also another quantity improperly so call'd, which consists not in the extension of parts, but in the perfection and vertue of every thing. Hence uses it to be call'd the quantity of perfection and quantity of vertue. For the essential perfections of things and vertues are compos'd of divers degrees, as the quantity of a heap or mole of several parts. This, because diffus'd almost through all the categories, uses to be call'd a transcendental quantity. Burgersdicius, tr. by a Gentleman (1697), I. v. 2.
Translation of Plutarch's Morals, ii. 354. (Latham.)
Many a shady hill, And many an echoing valley, many a field Pleasant and wishful, did his passage yield Their safe transcension.
Chapman, tr. of Homer's Hymn to Hermes, 1. 185. transcolate (tråns'kō-lāt), v. t.; pret. and pp. transcolated, ppr. transcolating. [< L. trans, through, + colare, pp. colatus, filter, strain: see colander.] To strain; cause to pass through, or as through, a sieve or colander; filter; percolate. [Rare.]
The lungs are, unless pervious like a spunge, unfit to imbibe and transcolate the air. Harvey.
transcolation_ (trans-kō-la'shọn), n. [< transcolate + -ion.] The act of transcolating, or the state of being transcolated; percolation. [Rare.] Mere transcolation may by degrees take away that which the chymists call the fined salt; and for the volatile salt of it, which being a more spirituous thing, it is not removable by distillation, and so neither can it be by transcola tion. Stillingfleet, Origines Sacræ, iii. 4. (Latham.) transcontinental (tråns-kon-ti-nenʼtal), a. [ trans-+ continent +-al.] Across the continent; on the other side of a continent: as, a transcontinental journey; transcontinental railways. transcorporatet (trans-kôr ́pō-rāt), v. i. [< ML. transcorporatus, pp. of *transcorporare, pass from one body into another, L. trans, over, + corpus (corpor-), body: see corporate, v. To pass from one body to another; transmigrate, as the soul. Sir T. Browne, Urn-burial, iv. transcribbler (trån-skrib ́lėr), n. [< trans-+ scribble + -cr1.] One who transcribes hastily or carelessly; hence, a mere copier; a plagiary. [Contemptuous.]
He [Aristotle] has suffered vastly from the transcribblers, as all authors of great brevity necessarily must. Gray, To T. Wharton, Sept. 11, 1746. transcribe (trån-skrīb'), v. t.; pret. and pp. transcribed, ppr. transcribing. [= F. transcrire = Pr. transcriure = Sp. transcribir = Pg. transcrever = It. transcrivere, trascrivere, ‹ L. transcribere, transscribere, write again in another place, transcribe, copy, <trans, over, + scribere, write: see scribe.] 1. To copy out in writing: as, to transcribe the text of a document; to transcribe a letter.
They work daily and hard at the Catalogue, which they intend to Print; I saw 10 thick Folios of it fairly transcrib'd for the Press. Lister, Journey to Paris, p. 107. 2. In music, to arrange (a composition) for performance by a different voice or instrument from that for which it was originally written. [< transcribe + transcriber (tran-skrī'bėr), n. -cr1.] One who transcribes; a copier or copyist.
I pray you desire your servants, or whoever else are the transcribers of my bookes, to keepe them from blotting and soyling. W. Dugdale (Ellis's Lit. Letters, p. 175). transcript (tran'skript), n. [= F. transcrit = It. transcritto, trascritto, < ML. transcriptum, a copy, neut. of L. transcriptus, pp. of transcribere, copy, transcribe: see transcribe.] 1. A writing made from and according to an original; a copy. original. The decalogue of Moses was but a transcript, not an South, Sermons. 2. A copy of any kind; an imitation. The Grecian learning was but a transcript of the Chaldean and Egyptian; and the Roman of the Grecian. Glanville. - It. transcription (trån-skrip'shon), n. [< F. transcription Sp. transcripcion, trascripcion trascrizione, <LL. transcriptio(n-), a transcription, transfer, L. transcribere, pp. transcriptus, transcribe: see transcribe.] 1. The act of transcribing or copying: as, errors of transcription. [This] was by transcription successively corrupted, until it arrived in a most depraved copy at the press. Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, Pref 2. A copy; a transcript.-3. In music, the arrangement (usually with more or less modification or variation) of a composition for some instrument or voice other than that for which it was originally composed. Also called scoring. transcriptional (trån-skrip'shon-al), a. [< transcription + -al.] Of or pertaining to transcription: as, transcriptional errors. transcriptive (trån-skrip'tiv), a. [< L. transcriptus, pp. of transcribere, transcribe, + -ive1.] Concerned with, occurring in, or performing transcription; having the character of a transcript or copy.
transcriptive He is to be embraced with caution, and as a transcriptive relator. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., i. 8. transcriptively (trån-skrip'tiv-li), adv. By transcription; by mere copying or imitation. Not a few transcriptively, subscribing their names unto other mens endeavours, and merely transcribing almost all they have written. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., i. 6. transcurt (trans-ker'), v. i. [= It. trascorrere Sp. trascurrir, transcurrir, L. transcurrere, run across, over, by, or through, < trans, over, through,+currere, run: see current1.] To run or rove to and fro. =
By the fixing of the mind upon one object of cogitation, whereby it doth not spatiate and transcur. Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 720. transcurrencet (trans-kur'ens), n. [<L. transcurren(t-)s, ppr. of transcurrere, run over: see transcur.] A roving hither and thither. transcurrent (tráns-kur'ent), a. [< L. transcurren(t-)s, ppr. of transcurrere, run across: see transcur.] In entom., extending crosswise or transversely: specifying the metanotal postfrena of a beetle, which diverge from the median line of the back to the bases of the hinder wings. transcursiont (trans-ker'shon), n. [<LL. transcursio(n-), a passing over, a lapse (of time), <L. transcurrere, run over: see transcur.] A rambling; passage beyond certain limits; extraordinary deviation.
I am to make often transcursions into the neighbouring forests as I pass along. Howell. transcursivet (trans-ker'siv), a. [< L. transcursus, pp. of transcurrere, run over, + -ive.] Rambling.
In this transcursive reportory. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., VI. 149). transdialect (trans-di'a-lekt), v. t. [< trans+ dialect.] To translate from one dialect into another. [Rare.]
bules. The meshes of the dotted substance, as described by other authors, are only the transected sheaths of the tuAmer. Jour. Psychol., I. 488. transection1 (trån-sek'shon), n. [< transect + -ion.] In anat., the dissection of a body transversely; transverse section: correlated with longisection. Wilder, N. Y. Med. Jour., Aug. 2, 1884, p. 114. transection2t, n. See transexion. transelementt (trans-el'e-ment), v. t. [< trans+ element.] To change or transform the elements of.
The fragments of these poems, left us by those who did not write in Doric, are in the common dialect. It is plain then they have been transdialected. Warburton, Divine Legation, ii. § 3. transduction (trans-duk'shon), n. [< L. transducere, traducere (pp. transductus, traductus), lead over, trans, over, + ducere, lead: see duct. Cf. traduce, traduction.] The act of leading or carrying over. [Rare.] transductor (trans-duk'tor), n. [NL., L. transducere, pp. transductus, lead over: see traduce.] In anat., that which draws across: specifying a muscle of the great toe.-Transductor hallucis, a transverse muscle of the sole of the human foot, acting upon the great toe; the transversus pedis. transet. An obsolete spelling of trancel, trance2. transeartht (trans-erth'), v. t. ster. [< trans- + earth.] To transplant. Fruits of hotter countries transearth'd in colder climates have vigour enough in themselves to be fructuous according to their nature. Feltham, Resolves, i. 19. transect (trån-sekt'), v. t. [< L. trans, across, + secare, pp. sectus, cut: see section.] To cut across; dissect transversely.
For, as he saith wee are transelemented, or trans-natured, and changed into Christe, euen so, and none otherwise, wee saie, the breade is transelemented, or changed into Christes body. Bp. Jewell, Reply to Harding, p. 238. transelementatet (trans-el-e-men'tāt), v. t. trans-clement +-ate2.] Same as transelement. Jer. Taylor, Real Presence, xii. transelementationt (trans-el"e-men-ta'shon), [< transelementate+-ion.] The change or transformation of one element into another. He [Minutius Felix] describes the Pagan systems, not much unlike that of Epicurus of old, and our later Atheists, who ascribe all to chance or transelementation. Evelyn, True Religion, I. 104. transenna (tran-sen'ä), n. [K L. transenna, trasenna, plaited work, a net, a lattice.] In Christian antiq., a carved latticework or grating of marble, silver, etc., used to inclose shrines, as those of martyrs. It allowed the sacred coffer to be seen, but protected it from being handled. See cut in next column.
Salisbury Cathedral, from the northeast, showing the two Transepts. His body was buried in the south Transcept or large south Isle joyning to the Choir of St. Peter's Church in Westmin- Wood, Fasti Oxon., II. 145.
transfer-book latus, bear across, carry over, transfer, translate, trans, over, + ferre E. bear1.] 1. To convey from one place or person to another; transport; transmit; pass or hand over: usually followed by to (unto, into), sometimes by on (upon): as, to transfer a thing from one hand to the other.
2. The conveyance of right, title, or property, transept-aisle (tran'sept-il), n. An aisle of a 4. In railway transportation: (a) A point on a railway where the cars are ferried or transferred over a river or bay. (b) A ferry-boat or barge for transporting freight-cars. (c) The system or process of conveying passengers and baggage in vehicles from one railway-station in a city to another railway-station or to a steamer: as, a transfer company. [U. S.] (d) A ticket issued to a passenger on a line of transportation, giving passage on a connecting line or branch.-5. In the United States Post-office Department, the loan of funds from one account to another by authority of the postmaster-general. Glossary of Postal Terms.6. In naval tactics. See advance, 12.-Landtransfer Act, Transfer of Land Act. See land1. transferability (trans-fer-a-bil'i-ti), n. [< transferable +-ity (see -bility).] The character or condition of being transferable. Also transferrability, transferribility. C. H. Moore, Gothic Architecture, p. 160. transeptal (tran-sep'tal), a. [transept +-al.] Of or pertaining to a transept. Transeptal towers occur elsewhere in England only in the collegiate church of Ottery, in Devonshire, where the cathedral served as a model. Encyc. Brit., VIII. 802. transeunt (trån'se-unt), a. [L. trans, over, +eun(t-)s, ppr. of ire, go. Cf. transient.] Passing outward; operating outside of itself: opposed to immanent. = The functions of the subject or psyche. may be ex- haustively divided into (1) sense-presentation. (3) vo- litionally reactive redintegration, with its two stages, im- manent and transeunt action. Athenæum, No. 3289, p. 631. transexiont (trån-sek'shon), n. [Erroneously transection; trans-+sex+ -ion.] Transfor- [<mation as regards sex; change of sex. Its easy and safe transferability, its use in paying foreign bills of exchange. Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, iv. 3. transferable (trans-fer'a-bl), a. [Also transferrable; F. transférable; as transfer + -able. Cf. transferrible.] Capable of being transferred, other; specifically, capable of being legitior conveyed from one place or person to anmately passed into the possession of another, and legally conveying all appertaining rights, etc., to the new holder: as, that ticket or pass is not transferable. It much impeacheth this iterated transection of hares if transfeminatet (trans-fem'i-nat), v. t. [< L. trans, over, + femina, woman, + -ate2.] To change from female to male.made transferable from hand Paper bills of credit, to hand, like bank-notes. Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, v. 2. transferal, transferral (trans-fer'al), n. [< Cardan and other physitians affirm that transmutation transfer +-al.] Transfer; transference. of sex is only so in opinion, and that these transfeminated persons were really men at first, although succeeding years produced the manifesto or evidence of their virilities. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iii. 17. transfer (trans-fer'), v. t.; pret. and pp. transferred, ppr. transferring. [= F. transférer Sp. transferir, trasferir Pg. transferir It. transferire, trasferire, < L. transferre, pp. trans The individual cannot transfer to the nation that which is involved in his vocation. Since it is the realization of personality, there can be no transferal of it, but the individual is to work in it, and to work it out. = E. Mulford, The Nation, xiv. transfer-book (tråns'fer-bük), n. A register of the transfer of property, stock, or shares from one party to another. =
In things right true my heart and eyes have erred, And to this false plague are they now transferr'd. Shak., Sonnets, cxxxvii. The war being now transferred into Munster, the series both of matters and times calleth me thither also. Camden, Elizabeth, an. 1601. They forgot from whence that ease came, and transferred the honour of it upon themselves. Bp. Atterbury. 2. To make over the possession or control of; convey, as a right, from one person to another; sell; give: as, to transfer a title to land by deed, or the property in a bill of exchange by indorsement.
The lucrative right of supplying the Spanish colonies in America with negroes was transferred from a French company to the English. Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., i. 3. To convey by means of transfer-paper, as a written or drawn design to the lithographic stone from which it is to be printed.-4. To remove from one background to another for decorative purposes. In embroidering, this is done by attachment to a new background, the embroidered pattern being carefully cut out with so much of the old material as supports it, and sewed upon a new piece of stuff; in lace-making, the sprigs, flowers, or pattern of lace are removed from their old background and sewed strongly upon a new réseau or mesh.
transfer (tràns'fer), n. [< transfer, v.] 1. Removal or conveyance from one place or person to another; transference.
The conviction of this reconciled the nation to the transfer of authority into other hands.
Prescolt, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 1. The Messrs. Betts, transit agents at Suez, had also exerted themselves greatly in expediting the transfer of the troops. W. H. Russell, Diary in India, I. 34.
transfer-day = = = transform ferivel It. trasferibile; as transfer + -ible.] fastening.-2. The state of being transfixed or See transferable. pierced. [Rare.] transferring-machine (trans-fèr'ing-ma-shēn"), n. An apparatus used for transferring an engraving on a steel plate to a soft steel roller which may be hardened and used for printing. It is especially used for preparing printing blocks or rollers for bank-notes. Also called transfer- press. E. H. Knight. transfer-work (tråns'fér-wèrk), n. Decoration by transferring or transfer-printing. transfigurate (trans-figʻu-rât), v. t.; pret. and pp. transfigurated, ppr. transfigurating. [<L. transfiguratus, pp. of transfigurare, transform, transfigure: see transfigure.] To transfigure. [Rare.]
transferee (trans-fèr-e'), n. [< transfer +-ee1.] transference (tråns fèr-ens), n. [Also trans- ferrence; transfer +-ence.] 1. The act of transferring; the act of conveying from one place, person, or thing to another; the passage or conveyance of anything from one place or a never-ceasing transference of solid mat- ter from the land to the ocean-transference, however, which entirely escapes cognizance by the sight, since the matter is carried down in a state of invisible solution. Huxley, Physiography, viii. 2. In Scots law, that step by which a depending action is transferred from a person deceased to his representatives; revival and continuance. transferential (trans-fe-ren'shal), a. [trans- ference + -ial.] Pertaining to or involving person to another; transfer. There is ...
transference. rential mode from one kind of separation to So the Energy of Kinesis is seen to be a mere transfeNature, XXXIX. 290. transfer-gilding (tråns'fer-gil"ding), n. In ceram.: (a) Gilding done by transferring to biscuit a pattern of any sort in oil, and then applying gold in the form of powder, when a sufficient amount clings to the surface to allow of burnishing. (b) Gilding done by transferring gold with oil or some other medium from the
stone. paper to the biscuit. transfer + Gr. -ypapia, ypápew, write.] The act or art of copying inscriptions from ancient tombs, tablets, etc. [Rare.] Imp. Dict. transfer-paper (transfer-pā" pèr), n. 1. In lithog., paper coated in a thin film with a prepa- ration of glue, starch, and flake-white, which readily receives an impression of transfer-ink, and as readily transfers it to a stone.-2. See paper. Same as 1. transfer-press (tråns'fèr-pres), transferring-machine. transfer-printing (tràns'fer-prin"ting), n. The process of making an impression on trans- fer-paper.-2. Printing from a stone that has been prepared with a transfer.-3. In ceram., a common method of decorating the surface of fine earthenware used for table-service, etc. An engraving is made upon a copperplate, and impres- sions of this on paper are applied to the ware. The pro- cess is of two kinds. (a) Press-printing is done upon the biscuit. The color which is applied to the copperplate is mixed with oil, and is kept hot during the process of mix- ing and application. When this has been printed upon paper, the latter is laid upon the ware, and is rubbed forcibly upon the back; it is then plunged into water, and the paper is washed off, while the color mixed with oil re- mains upon the biscuit. The oil is then entirely driven
ence. ... transferrer (tråns-fér ́èr), n. [transfer + Specifically-2. One who makes a transfer or conveyance.-3. In an air-pump, a base-plate for a receiver, by means of which it can be withdrawn from the pump when exhausted. E. H. Knight. transfer-resistance (tråus fèr-re-sis"tans), n. In electrolytic or voltaic cells, an apparent re- sistance to the passage of the current from the metal to the liquid, or vice versa.
High heaven is there Transfused, transfigurated. Byron, Prophecy of Dante, iv. transfiguration (trans-fig-u-ra'shon), n. [F. transfiguration Pr.transfiguratio = Sp. trans-figuracio = Pg. transfiguração = It. transfigura- zione, < L. transfiguratio(n-), a change of form, < transfigurare, transfigure: see transfigure.] 1. A change of form or appearance; particu- larly, the change in the personal appearance of Christ, in the presence of three of his disciples (Peter, James, and John), described in Mat. xvii. 1-9; hence, some similar transformation. Scripture offers no explanation. It took place on "an high mountain apart," generally supposed to be either Of the nature and source of Christ's transfiguration the Mount Hermon or Mount Tabor.
the azure. In cutting the posterior flap by transfixion surgeon should always support it with his left hand. Bryant, Surgery, p. 941. [< L. transflutransfluent (tråns ́flö-ent), a. en(t-)s, ppr. of transfluere, flow or run through, trans, through, fluere, flow: see fluent.] 1. Flowing or running across or through: as, a transfluent stream.-2. In her., represented as running or pouring through: thus, a bridge of three arches sable, water transfluent transfux (tråns-fluks'), n. [<L. trans, through, +fluxus, a flowing: see flux, and cf. transfluent.] A'flowing through or beyond. [Rare.] Imp. Dict. transforate (tràns'fō-rāt), v. t.; pret. and pp. transforated, ppr. transforating. [ L. transpp. Pr. transforar, trasforar), pierce through, trans, through, + forare, bore, pierce: see foramen. Cf. perforate.] To bore through; perforate; specifically, in surg., to perforate repeatedly (the base of the fetal skull) in performing craniotomy. transforation (trans-fō-rā'shọn), n. [< transforate +-ion.] The act of transforating, as in craniotomy. transform (tråns-fôrm'), v. [< ME. transformen, OF. (and F.) transformer Pr. Sp. Pg. transformar It. transformare, trasformare,< L. transformare, change the shape of, transform, < trans, over, + formare, form, shape, < forma, form: see form.] I. trans. 1. To change the form of; metamorphose; change to something dissimilar. =
2. [cap.] A festival observed in the Greek, the Roman Catholic, and the Anglican Churches on August 6th, in commemoration of Christ's transfiguration. Syn. 1. See transform, v. t. transfigure (trans-fig'ur), v. t.; pret. and pp. transfigured, ppr. transfiguring. [< ME. transfiguren, OF. (and F.) transfigurer = Pr. transfigurar, trasfigurar = Sp. Pg. transfigurar = It. transfigurare, trasfigurare, L. transfigurare, change the figure or form of, trans, over, + figurare, form, shape, < figura, form, figure: see figure.] 1. To transform; change the outward form or appearance of: specifically used of the transfiguration of Christ.
I noot wher she be womman or goddesse; But Venus is it, sothly as I gesse. Venus, if it be thy wil, Yow in this gardyn thus to transfigure. Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 247. And Merlyn com to Vlfyn, and transfigured hym to the semblaunce of Iurdan, and than sente hym to the kynge. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), i. 76. Jesus taketh Peter, James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into an high mountain apart, and was transfigured before them; and his face did shine as the sun; and his raiment was white as the light. Mat. xvii. 2. 2. To give an elevated or glorified appearance or character to; elevate and glorify; idealize: often with direct or indirect allusion to the transfiguration of Christ.
Christ shed blood. . . in his scourging, in his affixion, in his transfixion. Bp. Hall, Sermon, Gal. ii. 20. 3. In surg., a method of amputating by piercing the limb transversely with the knife and cutting from within outward.
There on the dais sat another king, Longfellow, Wayside Inn, Robert of Sicily. =Syn. Transmute, etc. See transform. transfigurement (trans-fig'ur-ment), n. [= It. transfiguramento, trasfiguramento; as trans- figurement.] A transfiguration. [Rare.] When love dawned on that world which is my mind, R. W. Gilder, The Celestial Passion, When Love Dawned. transfission (trans-fish'on), n. [< L. trans, across, fissio(n-), a cleaving: see fission.] Transverse fission; cross-section, as a natural process of multiplication with some low ani- mals. transfix (trans-fiks'), v. t. [Ķ L. transfixus, pp. of transfigere (> It. trafiggere), transfix, < trans, through, + figere, fix, fasten: see fix.] To pierce through, as with a pointed weapon; transpierce: as, to transfix one with a dart or spear; also, fasten by something sharp thrust through. Her trembling hart Quite through transfixed with a deadly dart. Spenser, F. Q., III. xii. 21. =Syn. Pierce, etc. See penetrate. transfixation (trans-fik-sa'shọn), n. [trans- fixation.] Same as transfixion. Lancet, 1889, I. 273. transfixed (trans-fikst'), a. In her., represent- ed as pierced with a spear, sword, or other weapon, which is always specified.
Love may transform me to an oyster. Shak., Much Ado, ii. 3. 25. But ah! by constant heed I know How oft the sadness that I show Transforms thy smiles to looks of woe. Cowper, To Mary. The delicately-reared imaginations of great investigators of natural things have from time to time given birth to hypotheses-guesses at truth-which have suddenly transformed a whole department of knowledge. E. R. Lankester, Degeneration, p. 8. 2. Specifically, in alchemy, to change into another substance; transmute.
The victor sees his fairy gold Transformed, when won, to drossy mould. Scott, Rokeby, i. 31. 3. To change the nature, character, or disposition of.
Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. Rom. xii. 2. These dispositions, that of late transform you From what you rightly are. Shak., Lear, i. 4. 242. 4. In math., to alter from one figure or expression to another differing in form but equal in quantity. See transformation, 4.-Syn. 1-3. Transform, Transmute, Transfigure, and Metamorphose agree in representing a thorough change, transform being the most general word. Transform is the only one that applies to change in merely external aspect, as by a change in garments, but it applies also to internal change, whether physical or spiritual: as, the caterpil. lar is transformed into the butterfly; the drunkard is transformed into a self-controlling man. Transmute is founded upon the idea of a rearrangement of material, but it really notes the highest degree or the most remarkable forms of change, a complete change of nature, amounting even to the miraculous or the impossible: as, to transmute iron into gold; the word is figurative when not applied to physical change. Transfigure is controlled in its signification by the use of the word in connection with the change in the appearance of Jesus Christ, as related in Mat. xvii., Mark ix., and Luke ix. It applies only to a change in aspect by which a spiritual uplifting seems to exalt and glorify the whole person, and especially the countenance. Metamorphose now seems figurative when not used with scientific exactness according to the definitions under metamorphosis. II. intrans. To change in appearance or character; undergo transformation; be metamorphosed: as, some insects transform under ground; the pupa transforms into the imago.
Merlin that was with hem transformed in to the semblaunce of a yonge knyght of xv yere age. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 607.
transformable transformable (trans-fôr'ma-bl), a. [< transform +-able.] Capable of being transformed. H. Spencer, Prin. of Psychol., § 47. transformancet (tråns-fôr'mans), n. [< transformance.] A transformation; a semblance; a disguise.
Take such a transformance as you may be sure will keep you from discovery. Chapman, May-Day, ii. 4. transformation (trans-for-ma'shon), n. [< F. transformation Sp. transformacion, trasformacion = Pg. transformação = It. transformazione, trasformazione, ‹ LL. transformatio(n-), a change of shape, < L. transformare, change the shape of: see transform.] 1. The act or operation of transforming, or the state of being transformed; a change in form, appearance, nature, disposition, condition, or the like.
every germ undergoes in completing the embryonic condition, as those observed within the egg; while metamorphosis, according to the same authorities, designates the alterations which are undergone after exclusion from the egg, and which alter extensively the general form and mode of life of the individual. But this distinction of the synonymous words is seldom maintained. See metamorphosis, 2, 4, and compare transformism. 3. The change of one metal into another; transmutation of metals, according to the alchemists. -4. In math., a passage in the imagination from one figure or expression to another different in form but equal in quantity. Thus, the volume of an oblique prism is ascertained by a transformation of it into a right prism of equal volume. Especially -(a) The passage from one algebraical expression to another in other terms. (b) The passage from one equation to another expressive of the same relation, by substituting for the independent variables it involves their values in terms of another set of such variables equal in number to the old ones. This is called a transformation of the equation; but when this defines a locus, and one set of coördinates is substituted for another, it is inaccurately but universally called a transformation of the coördinates. (c) A correspondence. If in the transformation of coördinates the new coördinates are conceived to be measured in a different space or locus in quo, a projection or correspondence has taken place, and this, being still called a transformation, gives rise to such phrases as a transformation between two planes. Thus, if in the equation of a conic we substitute x = 1/x', y=1/y', z=1/2, we effect a transformation of the equation. This may be regarded as signifying a mere transformation of coördinates; but if x, y, z are conceived to be coördinates of a correspond. ing point in the same or another plane, and measured similarly to x, y, z, we have a transformation between the planes, which transforms the conic into a unicursal quartic. The whole analytical theory being identical under the two interpretations, the word transformation has been unadvisedly transferred from one application to the other. 5. In pathol., a morbid change in a part, which consists in the conversion of its texture into one which is natural to some other part, as when soft parts are converted into cartilage or bone. Such transformation is generally a degenerative or retrograde metamorphosis.-6. In physiol., the change which takes place in the component parts of the blood during its passage from the minute arteries through the capillary system of vessels into the radicles of the venous system. There are three kinds of change, designated by the terms intussusception, apposition, and secretion.-7. In physics, change from solid to liquid or from liquid to gaseous state, or the converse. This change usually results merely from change of temperature or pressure, or both, without any alteration in the atomic constitution of the bodies concerned, as the change of water into steam.
6430 8t. The shape to which some person or thing has been transformed.
If it should come to the ear of the court how I have been transformed, and how my transformation has been washed and cudgelled, they would melt me out of my fat drop by drop. Shak., M. W. of W., iv. 5. 98. Arguesian transformation, a transformation between two spaces where the relation between the two sets of point- or line-coördinates is defined by the equations xxyyzzww'. Every surface will thus be transformed into a surface having the edges of the tetrahedron of reference as nodal lines.-Bäcklund's transformation, a transformation between two pseudospherical surfaces having equal negative curvature.-Bilinear transformation, a transformation defined by a lineolinear equation.-Biquadratic transformation, a transformation by substituting for one set of variables others that are biquadratic functions of them.- Birational transformation, a transformation where the variables of each of the two sets are rational functions of those of
the other set. When the variables are homogeneous coordinates, and the transformation is not linear, there is a certain nodal locus whose correspondence is indeterminate.-Caseous or cheesy transformation. See caseous. Cremona transformation, a birational transformation between two planes. Every curve in one plane is transformed into a curve of the same deficiency in the other plane, and there are certain nodal points through which all such curves pass, having certain lines as mul tion by substituting for one set of variables others that tiple tangents.-Cubic transformation, a transformaare cubic functions of them.-Degree of a transformation. See the quotation. When the points of a space S have a (1, 1) correspondence with those of another space s in such a manner that the planes and the right lines of s correspond to surfaces F of mth order, and to curves C of the nth order in the former space S, I say that the transformation of s into S is of the mth degree, and that the inverse transformation is of the nth degree.
Cremona. Determinant of a linear transformation. See determinant.-Hessian transformation, a transformation of a ternary quantic, obtained by substituting for the homogeneous variables the umbre A1, A2, A3, which are such that A,A,, A,A2, etc., are the minors of the Hessian of the quantic.-Homographic_transformation. (a) A transformation between two planes or spaces such that the point-coördinates in one correspond to tangential coördinates in the other. (b) A transformation by means of a lineolinear equation connecting the old variable with the new one. Such a transformation is called homographic because it does not alter the value of an anharmonic ratio.-Imaginary transformation. See imaginary.-Infinitesimal transformation, a transformation in which the variables are increased by infinitesimal amounts. The infinitesimal transformation έ, 7 is that which results from the substitution of x+έ for x and y + en for y, where e is infinitesimal. If this substitution can be made in a differential equation by virtue of that equation, the equation is said to admit the infinitesimal transformation §, n.— Landen's transformation [named after its discoverer, the English mathematician John Landen (1719-90)], a transformation of an elliptic integral of the first species by which its modulus is changed from k to the arithmetico-geometrical mean of k and unity.-Lie's transformation, a transformation in which to all the lines tangent to one surface at each point correspond all the spheres tangent to another surface at a corresponding point. Linear transformation, a transformation by means of a system of equations giving the values of the old variables as linear functions of the new.-Line-point trans formation, a transformation in which lines correspond to points. Modular transformation of an elliptic integral. See modular.-Modulus of a linear transformation. See modulus.- Order of a transformation. Same as degree of a transformation.-Orthogonal transformation, a linear transformation in which the sum of the squares of the variables remains unchanged.-Polar transformation. (a) A transformation in which two variables and are replaced by two others and e', by means of the equations 0 mo', log r = m log r. The geometrical effect is that of passing from the stereographic to Lagrange's map-projection (which see, under projection). (b) A transformation by means of polar triangles in spherical trigonometry. Quadratic or quadric transformation, a transforma tion in which each of the old variables is a quadratic function of the new ones; especially, a quadratic Cre mona transformation where to a right line in either of two planes corresponds a conic in the other, with three nodal points.—Rational transformation. See ration al.-Reciprocal transformation, a transformation by means of the equations x y z = x,-1: y1-12-1 -Transformation by symmetric functions, a transformation of an equation by substituting for the variable a rational function of the roots by means of the properties of symmetric functions.-Transformation of energy. See correlation of energies, under energy.- - Tschirnhausen transformation, the expression of any rational function of an unknown by means of a given algebraic equation in that unknown, as an integral function of a degree less than that of the given equation.-Unimodular transformation. See unimodular. Syn. See trans(trans-for-ma'shonsight of the audience; specifically, a gorgeous Theat., a scene which changes in scene at the conclusion of the burlesque of a pantomime, in which the principal characters actors in the immediately following harlequinare supposed to be transformed into the chief ade. transformative (trans-fôr'ma-tiy), a. [ L. transformatus, pp. of transformare, transform (see transform), + -ive.] Having power or a tendency to transform. form, v. t. transformation-scene sēn), n.
transfund transformator (tråns-fôr'ma-tor), n. [< NL. transformator, <L. transformare, transform: see transform.] In elect., same as transformer. transformer (trans-fôr'mėr), n. One who or that which transforms. The alternate-current transformer, which is the one most extensively used in electricity, is an apparatus similar to an induction-coil, consisting of two coils of insulated wire wound on an iron core for the purpose of furnishing, by means of a current of small quantity and high potential in one circuit, a current of large quantity and low potential in another circuit. One of the coils, called the primary, of comparatively high resistance and large number of turns, is included in the high-potential circuit, while the other is included in the low-potential circuit. The mechanical transformer consists of a motor driven by a high-potential current, combined with a dynamo driven by this motor, and furnishing a current of potential and quantity adapted to the circumstances where it is to be used. This form is applicable to direct as well as to alternating currents. transformism (trans-fôr'mizm), n. [< transform + -ism.] In biol., the fact or the doctrine of such modification of specific characters in any organism as suffices to change one species into a different species, whether immediately or in the course of time; transmutation of species (see transmutation, 1 (c)). The term has nothing to do with the transformation or metamorphosis which any organism may undergo in the course of its individual life-cycle. It has attached to some extreme views of the natural possibilities of transmutation, as of a plant into an animal, a horsehair into a hairworm, and the like-nothing of this sort being known as a fact in nature. But in the scientific conception of the term, transformism, like transmutation in its biological sense, is simply the doctrine of descent with modification on ac cepted principles of evolution, and, so understood, commands the assent of nearly all biologists. See Darwinism, evolution, 2 (a), selection, 3, species, 5, transmutation, 1 (c), and transpeciation.
On the other hand, we may suppose that crayfishes have resulted from the modification of some other form of liv. ing matter; and this is what, to borrow a useful word from the French language, is known as transformism. Huxley, Crayfish, p. 318. transformist (trans-fôr'mist), n. [< transform +-ist.] A believer in or an advocate of the doctrine of transformism, in any sense.
Agardh was a little too earnest a transformist, and believed that certain algo could become animals. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXXVIII. 257. transformistic (trans-for-mis'tik), a. [< transformist +-ic.] Pertaining to transformism or to transformists.
In the chapter on the first appearance of man, the va rious transformistic theories are passed in review. Nature, XXXV. 389. transfreightt, v. i. A corrupt form of transfrete. Waterhouse, Apology (1653), p. 52. (Latham.) transfretationt (trans-frē-tā'shọn), n. [< L. transfretatio(n-), crossing over a strait, < transfretare, cross over a strait: see transfrete.] The act of passing over a strait or narrow sea.
She had a rough Passage in her Transfretation to Dover Castle. Howell, Letters, I. iv. 22. transfretet (trans-frēt'), v. i. [Also, corruptly, transfreight; < OF. transfreter = Sp. transfretar, L. transfretare, cross over a strait, convey over a strait, trans, over, + fretum, a strait: see frith2.] To pass over a strait or narrow sea.
Shortely after that kyng Henry had taryed a convenient space, he transfreted and arryved at Dover, and so came to his maner of Grenewiche. Hall, Hen. VII., an. 7. transfrontal (trans-fron'tal), a. [< L. trans, across, + fron (t-)s, front: see frontal.] Traversing the frontal lobe of the brain: specifying certain fissures of that lobe. Buck's Handbook of Med. Sciences, VIII. 152. transfrontier (trans-fron'tēr), a. [< trans- + frontier.] Beyond the frontier, or of or pertaining to what is beyond the frontier: as, the transfrontier tribes (that is, usually, the tribes beyond the frontier of the Anglo-Indian empire).
Of the new maps, 4,062 were published during the year, and heavy demands continue to be made for transfrontier maps, and maps of Upper Burmah. Science, XIV. 216. transfuge (tráns fūj), n. [<F. transfuge = Sp. tránsfuga, transfugo, trásfuga, trásfugo = Pg. It. transfuga, L. transfuga, a deserter, < transfugere, desert, flee over to the other side, < trans, in the military sense. over, + fugere, flee: see fugitive.] A deserter,
The protection of deserters and transfuges is the invari able rule of every service in the world. transfugitive (tràns-fu'ji-tiv), n. [< trans-, Lord Stanhope, To George Ticknor, May 12, 1855. over, fugitive. Cf. transfuge.] Same as transfuge. Eclectic Rev. (Worcester.) transfund (trans-fund'), v. t. [= Sp. Pg. transfundir = It. transfondere, L. transfundere, pour out from one vessel into another, < trans, Page 12
transfund over, + fundere, pour: see found3. Cf. transfuse.] To transfuse.
other. Transfunding our thoughts and our passions into each Barrow, Works, I. viii. transfuse (tråns-füz'), v. t.; pret. and pp. transfused, ppr. transfusing. [=F. transfuser, L. transfusus, pp. of transfundere, pour out from one vessel into another: see transfund.] 1. To pour out of one vessel into another; transfer by pouring. All the unsound juices taken away, and sound juices immediately transfused. Arbuthnot. 2. In med., to transfer (blood) from the veins or arteries of one person to those of another, or from an animal to a person; also, to inject into a blood-vessel (other liquids, such as milk or saline solutions), with the view of replacing the bulk of fluid lost by hemorrhage or drained away in the discharges of cholera, etc.-3. To cause to pass from one to another; cause to be instilled or imbibed.
Into thee such virtue and grace Immense I have transfused. Milton, P. L., vi. 704. And that great Life, transfused in theirs, Awaits thy faith. Whittier, Chapel of the Hermits. transfuser (tråns-fù'zėr), n. [< transfuse + -erl.] One who or that which transfuses. The Nation, XLIX. 319. transfusible (trans-fuʼzi-bl), a. [transfuse +-ible.] Capable of being transfused. Boyle, Works, II. 121. transfusion (tråns-fū'zhọn), n. [< F. transfusion Sp. transfusion It. Pg. transfusão transfusione, < L. transfusio(n-), a pouring from one vessel into another, transfundere, pp. transfusus, pour from one vessel into another: see transfuse.] 1. The act of transfusing, or of pouring, as a liquid, out of one vessel into another; hence, in general, transmission; transference. = - =
Poesy is of so subtile a spirit that in the pouring out of one language into another it will all evaporate; and if a new spirit be not added in the transfusion, there will remain nothing but a "caput mortuum." Sir J. Denham. Their wild, imaginative poetry, scarcely capable of transfusion into a foreign tongue. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., i. 8. 2. In med., the transmission of blood from one living animal to another, or from a human being or one of the lower animals into a human being, with the view of restoring the vigor of exhausted subjects or of replacing the blood lost by hemorrhage; also, the intravenous injection of other liquids, such as milk or saline solutions, in order to restore the circulating fluid to its normal volume, as after severe hemorrhage. This operation is of old date, but seems to have ended generally in failure until about 1824, the chief cause of failure probably being the want of due precautions to exclude the air during the process.
Mem. that at the Epiphanie, 1649, when I was at his house, he then told me his notion of curcing diseases, &c., by transfusion of bloud out of one man into another, and that the hint came into his head reflecting on Ovid's story of Medea and Jason. Aubrey, Lives (Francis Potter). of blood directly from the veins of the donor into those of the recipient. Indirect or mediate transfusion, the injection into the veins of the recipient of blood which has been first allowed to flow into a bowl or other vessel and there defibrinated.-Peritoneal transfusion, the injection of defibrinated blood into the peritoneal cavity, with a view to its absorption into the system. transfusionist (trans-fuʻzhon-ist), n. [< transfusion-ist.] One who is skilled in the surgical process of transfusion; one who advocates that process.
The early transfusionists reasoned, in the style of the Christian Scientists, that the blood is the life. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXXIV. 808. transfusive (trans-fu'siv), a. [L. transfusus, pp. of transfundere, transfuse, + -ive.] Tending or having power to transfuse. transfusively `(tråns-fū ́siv-li), adv. So as to transfuse; in a transfusive manner. [Rare.] The Sunne his beames transfusively shall run Through Mars his Sphere, or loves benigner Star. Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 278. transgangetic (trans-gan-jet'ik), a. [< trans+ Gangetic.] On the opposite side of the Ganges; pertaining or relating to regions beyond the Ganges. transgress (trans-gres'), v. [< F. transgresser, a freq. form (due in part to the noun transgression) of OF. transgredir = Sp. transgredir, trasgredir Pg. transgredir = It. transgredire, trasgredire, L. transgredi, pp. transgressus, step across, step over, transgress, ‹ trans, over, + gradi, step, walk: see grade1. Cf. aggress, congress, digress, progress, etc.] I. trans. 1. To pass over or beyond; go beyond.
6431 'Tis time my hard-mouth'd coursers to control, Dryden, tr. of Ovid's Metamorph., xv. 669. The Furies, they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path they would punish him. Emerson, Compensation. Hence-2. To overpass, as some law or rule prescribed; break or violate; infringe. It is evident that Aristotle transgressed the rule of his own ethics. Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, i. 55. Whilst men continue social units, they cannot transgress the life principle of society without disastrous consequences. H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 488.
Souls sorrow and transhuman 3t. To offend against (a person); disobey; ized to the divine abstraction of pure contemplation. thwart; cross; vex. Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 43. transience (tran'shens), n. [< transien(t) + -ce.] Transientness; also, that which is transient or fleeting. Man is a being of high aspirations, "looking before and after," whose "thoughts wander through eternity," disclaiming alliance with transience and decay; existing but in the future and the past. Shelley, in Dowden, I. 332. transiency (tran'shen-si), n. [As transience (see -cy).] Same as transience.
I never Blasphem'd 'em, uncle, nor transgress'd my parents. Fletcher, Bonduca, iv. 2. Syn. 2. Infringe upon, Encroach upon, etc. (see trespass, v. i.), pass, transcend, overstep, contravene. II. intrans. To offend by violating a law; sin. The troubler of Israel, who transgressed in the thing ac1 Chron. ii. 7. cursed.
I would not marry her, though she were endowed with all Adam had left him before he transgressed. Shak., Much Ado, ii. 1. 260.
= transgressible (trans-gres'i-bl), a. [< transgress+ -ible.] Liable to transgression, or capable of being transgressed. Imp. Dict. transgression (trans-gresh'on), n. [<F. transgression Pr. transgressio Sp. transgresion, tragresion Pg. transgressão It. transgressione, trasgressione, ‹ L. transgressio(n-), a passing over, transposition, also a transgression of the law, < transgredi, pp. transgressus, pass over: see transgress.] The act of transgressing; the violation of any law; disobedience; infringement; trespass; offense.
Whosoever committeth sin trangresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law. 1 John iii. 4.
They that are in the flesh . . . live in sin, committing many actual transgressions. Book of Common Prayer, Baptism of those of Riper Years. = Syn. Sin, Trespass, etc. (see crime), infraction, breach. transgressional (trans-gresh'on-al), a. [< transgression-al.] Pertaining to or involving transgression. [Rare.]
Forgive this transgressional rapture; receive my thanks for your kind letter. Bp. Burnet, Life, I. p. xlix.
transgressive (tråns-gres’iv), a. [<LL. transgressivus, that goes or passes over, L. transgredi, pass over: see transgress.] Inclined or apt to transgress; faulty; sinful; culpable. Permitted unto his proper principles, Adam perhaps would have sinned without the suggestion of Satan, and from the transgressive infirmities of himself might have erred alone, as well as the angels before him. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., i. 10. transgressively (trans-gres'iv-li), adv. 1. In a transgressive manner; by transgressing.2. In geol., unconformably.
Let us suppose, for example, that a mountain range consists of upraised Lower Silurian rocks, upon the upturned and denuded edges of which the Carboniferous Limestone lies transgressively. A. Geikie, Encyc. Brit., X. 371. transgressor (tráns-gres ́or), n. [< ME. transgressour, < OF. transgresseur = Pr. transgressor Sp. transgresor, trasgresor: Pg. transgressor = It. trasgressore,‹ L. transgressor, an infringer, transgressor, transgredi, pp. transgressus, pass over: see transgress.] One who transgresses; one who breaks a law or violates a command; one who violates any known rule or principle of rectitude; a sinner; an offender. = = =
Good understanding giveth favour; but the way of transgressors is hard [the way of the treacherous is rugged, R. V.]. Prov. xiii. 15. transhape (trån-shāp'), v. t. [< tran(s)- + shape.] Same as trans-shape. [Rare.] transhape (tran-shap'), n. [< transhape, v.] transformation. A
If this displease thee, Midas, then I'll shew thee, Heywood, Love's Mistress, p. 16. (Halliwell.)
transiliency When this lantern was attempted to be landed here for the purpose of transhipment to Montevideo. Morning Chronicle, Dec. 2, 1719. (Jodrell.) transhuman (tråns-hūʼmạn), a. [< trans-+human.] More than human; superhuman. [Rare.] Words may not tell of that transhuman change. Cary, tr. of Dante's Purgatory, i. 68. transhumanize (trans-hu'man-īz), v. t. [< transhuman + -izc.] To elevate or transform to something beyond what is human; change from a human into a higher, purer, nobler, or celestial nature. [Rare.]
tranship (tran-ship'), v. t.; pret. and pp. transhipped, ppr. transhipping. [Also trans-ship; < tran(s) + ship.] To convey from one ship, car, or other conveyance to another; also, to transfer in this way and convey to some destination. Sunday, August 4th. This day the loading was completed, and all the baggage and presents put on board junks, to be ones. Lord Macartney, Works, II. 180. The system of pipe transport from the wells to the railway station, whence they are to be transhipped either to the refinery or the sea-board. Ure, Dict., IV. 568. transhipment (tran-ship'ment), n. [Also transshipment; < tranship +-ment.] The act of transhipping. See tranship.
Poor sickly transiencies that we are, coveting we know not what. Carlyle, Reminiscences, I. 251. transient (tran'shent), a. and n. [< L. transien (t-)s, ppr. of transire, go over, pass over, pass through, < trans, over, + ire, go: see iter1. Cf. ambient and transeunt.] I. a. 1. Passing across, as from one thing or person to another; communicated.
Thus indeed it is with healthiness of the body: it hath no transient force on others, but the strength and healthiness of the minde carries with it a gracious kinde of infection. Hales, Remains, Sermon on Rom. xiv. 1. Transient in a trice From what was left of faded woman-slough To sheathing splendors and the golden scale Of harness. Tennyson, Princess, v. 2. Passing with time; of short duration; not permanent; not lasting or durable; temporary: as, a transient impression. How soon hath thy prediction, Seer blest,
A spirit pervaded all ranks, not transient, not boisterous, but deep, solemn, determined. D. Webster, Speech, Bunker Hill Monument, June 17, 1825. 3. Hasty; momentary; passing: as, a transient glance of a landscape. He that rides post through a country may, from the tranLocke. sient view, tell how in general the parts lie.
4. In music, intermediate-that is, serving as a connective, but unessential in itself: as, a transient chord, modulation, or note. Compare passing-note.-Transient act. See act.-Transient action. See immanent action, under action.- Transient cause. See cause, 1.-Transient chord. See chord, 4. -Transient effect, in painting, a representation of an appearance in nature produced by a cause that is not permanent, as the shadow cast by a passing cloud. Also expressed by accident.-Transient matter. Same as matter of generation (which see, under matter). =Syn. 2. Transient, Transitory, Fleeting. Strictly, transient marks the fact that a thing soon passes or will soon pass away: as, a transient impression; a transient shadow. Transitory indicates that lack of permanence is in the nature of the thing: as, transitory pleasure; this transitory life. Fleeting is by figure a stronger word than transient, though in the same line of meaning. See list under transitory. II. n. 1. One who or that which is temporary, passing, or not permanent.
For before it can fix to the observation of any one its thrt in the motion, it would be a kind of stop or arobject is gone: Whereas, were there any considerable rest, by the benefit of which the soul might have a glance of the fugitive transient. Glanville, Vanity of Dogmatizing, ix. (Encyc. Dict.) Specifically-2. A transient guest. [Colloq.] Many surroundings (to coin a word to describe us summer transients) now flit along these streams. Scribner's Mag., VIII. 496. transiently (tran'shent-li), adv. In a transient manner; in passing; for a short time; not with continuance; transitorily. I touch here but transiently .. on some few of those many rules of imitating nature which Aristotle drew from Homer. Dryden. transientness (tran'shent-nes), n. The state or quality of being transient; shortness of continuance; speedy passage. Winer, Grammar of New Testament, p. 281. transiliac (trans-il'i-ak), a. [< trans- + iliac1.] Extending transversely from one iliac bone to the other: as, the transiliac axis or diameter of the pelvic inlet. transilience (trån-sil′i-ens), n. [<transilien(t-) +-ce.] Same as transiliency. transiliency (trån-sil'i-en-si), n. [As transilience (see -cy).] A leap from one thing to another. Glanville, Vanity of Dogmatizing, xii, [Rare.]
transinsular (trans-in'su-lär), a. [< L. trans, house permit to let goods pass or be removed. Anderson, Law Dict.transischiac (trans-is'ki-ak), a. [< trans- + across, isthmus, isthmus.] "Extending across an isthmus: used chiefly with reference to the isthmus of Suez, or to that joining North and South America.
A trans-isthmian canal will be a military disaster to the United States. The Atlantic, LXVI. 822.
transit (trånʼsit), n. [< F. transit = Sp. trán- sito = Pg. transito It. transito, a going over, a passing, passage, transition, L. transire, pp. transitus, go across, pass: see transient. Cf. exit, circuit. See also trance1, trance2.] 1. The act of passing; a passing over or through; a passage; the act of moving, or the state of being conveyed; also, the act or process of causing to pass; conveyance: as, the transit of goods through a country; the problem of rapid tran- sit in cities.
For the adaptation of his [man's] moral being to an ultimate destination, by its transit through a world full of moral evil, the economy of the world appears to contain no adequate provision. Whewell.
6432 gram, in which AB represents the earth, and V and S Ve- respectively. The satellites of Mars, Uranus, and Neptune are too small to be seen in transit, and even Titan is an unsatisfactory object to follow across the face of Saturn. Great interest attaches, however, to transits of the satel lites of Jupiter, or of the shadows of these satellites. When one of them crosses a dark belt it can usually be followed entirely across the disk as a round shining spot. The brightness of the satellites is variable, however, and sometimes they look like dusky or even black spots when seen against the disk of the planet. The transit of a satellite's shadow is readily observed. The shadow may be on the disk when the satellite casting it is off, or the two be seen on the disk at the same time. The shad- may ows are not always black, but are sometimes so bright as to be invisible. They are often, and perhaps usually, different in size from the satellites casting them; and they have repeatedly been seen elliptical in outline. On a few occasions comets are thought to have been seen in transit.
4. An abbreviation of transit-circle or transit- instrument.-5. An instrument used in surveying for mea- suring horizontal angles. It resembles a theodolite, but is not intended for very pre- cise measurement. Mosttransits read only to the nearest minute of arc, though some read to the nearest half-minute, or twenty seconds, or even ten seconds.-Lower transit. Same as sub- polar transit.- Stop- page in transit. See stoppage. Subpolar transit, a transit across that part of the merid- ian which lies below the f-- pole.-Upper transit,
The necessity of subjecting the thousands of tons of provisions consumed daily by a large army to such long and complicated transits limits the transportation by wagons considerably, and renders the powerful assistance of steam indispensable, both by water and by rail. It was also well known that Venus would transit the northern part of the sun during the forenoon of the 9th transitationt, ». He obuiated a rurall person, and interrogating him concerning the Transitation of the time, found him a meere simplician, whereas if in his true speech he had asked him what was the clocke,... his ignorance might of the simplician haue beene informed. Comte de Paris, Civil War in America (trans.), 202. 2. A line of passage or conveyance through a country: as, the Nicaragua transit.-3. In astron.: (a) The passage of a heavenly body across the meridian of any place. The right ascension of such a body is the sidereal time of its upper transit. (b) The passage of a celestial body (specifically either of the planets Mercury and Venus) across the sun's disk, or of Verstegan, Rest. of Decayed Intelligence (ed. 1628), a satellite, or the shadow of a satellite, across [p. 205. the face of its primary. The passage of the moon across the sun's face, however, is called nomical instrument for observing the transit transit-circle (trånʼsit-sèr"kl), n. An astroan eclipse. The planet Mercury passes across the sun's face usually at intervals either of 13 or of 7 years, tran. of a heavenly body across the meridian. It sits at the planet's ascending node occurring in Novemconsists of a telescope mounted upon a fixed axis which ber, and those at the descending node in May. November is perpendicular to the plane of the meridian and carries transits have occurred or will occur in 1651, 1664, 1677, a finely graduated circle. In the sidereal focus of the 1690, 1697, 1710, 1723, 1736, 1743, 1756, 1769, 1776, 1782, 1789, telescope cross-wires are placed; by observing the in1802, 1815, 1822, 1835, 1848, 1861, 1868, 1881, 1894, 1907, 1914, stant at which a star passes the center of the field of 1927, 1940, 1953, 1960, 1973, 1986, 1999, and May transits in view, and, taking the corresponding reading of the circle, 1674, 1707, 1740, 1753, 1786, 1799, 1832, 1845, 1878, 1891, 1924, the right ascension and declination of the object are de 1937, 1970, 2003. Owing to the proximity of Mercury to termined if the clock error is known; or, vice versa, the the sun, its transits do not have the astronomical imporclock error and latitude of the observer are determined tance of those of Venus, as they are less suitable for deif the right ascension and declination of the star are termining the solar parallax. Transits of Venus occur at known. The instrument is now more usually called the intervals of 8, 122, 8, 105, 8, 122, years, and always in meridian-circle (which see). Compare transit-instrument. June or December. They are of great importance to the transit-compass (trån ́sit-kum"pas), n. Same astronomer, for they afford an excellent method of deter- as transit, 5. mining the sun's parallax. The actual calculation of this transit-duty (trånʼsit-dū”ti), n. from a transit is very intricate, as many slight corrections A duty paid and sources of error have to be considered. The prinon goods that pass through a country. ciple involved, however, will be understood from the dia- transit-instrument (trån'sit-in"stro-ment), n. An astronomical instrument for observing the passage of a celestial body across the meridian: often used in the same sense as transit-circle, but properly an instrument whose chief object is the determination of the time of transit. The circle fixed to the axis of the ordinary transit-instrument is intended simply as an aid in setting the instru
transitionally ment properly, and not for the determination of zenith distance or declination. The idea of having an instru. ment fixed in the plane of the meridian is as old at least as the time of Ptolemy. The first transit-instrument, as the word is now understood, was constructed in 1689 by the Danish astronomer Olaus Roemer. In 1704 Roemer constructed a private observatory near Copenhagen, into which he put a transit-instrument combined with a verti cal circle for measuring declinations. This was the first transit-circle made.-Prime vertical transit-instrument. See prime.
= transition (tran-sish ́on), n. [< F. transition = Pr. transitio Sp. transicion = = Pg. transição It. transizione, < L. transitio(n-), a passing over or away, transire, go or pass over: see transi- < ent, transit.] 1. Passage from one place, state, or act to another; change: as, a sudden trans- ition from anger to mirth; a state of transi- tion.
Thence, by a soft transition, we repair From earthly vehicles to these of air. Pope, R. of the L., i. 49. What sprightly transitions does she make from an opera or a sermon to an ivory comb or a pincushion! Addison, Spectator, No. 45. When Bunyan passed from this horrible condition [of doubt] into a state of happy feeling, his mind was nearly overthrown by the transition. Southey, Bunyan, p. 33. 2. In rhet., a passing from one subject to another.
4. In geol, the English form of the name (used attributively or as an adjective) given by Werner to certain strata which he investigated in northern Germany, and found to have, to a certain extent, the mineral character of the socalled primitive rocks, while also exhibiting indications of a mechanical origin, and even containing occasional fossils, thus indicating a transition or passage from primary to secondary. The name was afterward extended so as to embrace rocks of similar character in other regions. The argillaceous sandstone called by the Germans grauwacke (see graywacke) formed a part of the transition formation, and it was the rocks previously called grauwacke and transition limestone which Murchison studied in England and Wales, and to which, having worked out their order of succession, he gave the name of Silurian. See Silurian.
5. In art hist., an epoch or stage of change from one style or state of development in art to the next succeeding; especially, in Greek art, the stage of change from the archaic to the bloom of art, and in medieval art, that from the round-arched or Romanesque to the Pointed style.-Transition resistance. See resistance.— Transition-tint. See specific rotatory power, under rotatory.-Transition tumor, a tumor which, upon recurring after removal, tends to assume a malignant form. transitional (trån-sish'on-al or -sizh'on-al), a. [< transition + -al.] 1. Öf or pertaining to transition; containing, involving, or denoting transition; changing; passing: as, the transitional stages of a tadpole; the transitional plumage of a molting bird. [The word may have a strong sense, like metamorphic or transmutational (see def. 2), but is usually much weaker, and more nearly synony. mous with transitory or transient.]
One of the commonest transitional rocks deserves in several respects a further description.
Darwin, Geol. Observations, i. 66. At Parenzo, the real charm is to be found in the traces which it keeps of the great transitional ages when Roman and Teuton stood side by side.
E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 100. Every period, however original and creative, has a transitional aspect in its relation to the years before and after. Stedman, Vict. Poets, p. 14. 2. In biol., of intermediate or intergraded character between two or more species, genera, etc., and thus, as it were, exhibiting or illustrating a transition from one to another form of organic life; transmutational: as, a transitional specimen; also, pertaining to or effecting such transmutation: as, a transitional theory; a transitional process.-3. Specifically, in art, relating to, characterizing, or belonging to an epoch or stage of change from one style or state of development to the next succeeding, and especially to that between archaism and full development in Greek art, and to that between the Romanesque and the Pointed in medieval art.-Transitional epithelium. See epi thelium.
transitionally (trån-sish'on-al-i or -sizh'on- Nature, al-i), adv. In a transitional manner. XLI. 514.
transitionary transitionary (trån-sish'on-a-ri), a. [< transitionary.] Same as transitional. Imp. Dict. transitive (trånʼsi-tiv), a. and n. [< F. transitif Pr. transitiu = Sp. Pg. It. transitivo = D. transitief G. Sw. Dan. transitiv, < LL. transitivus, transitive, passing over (applied to verbs), <L. transire, pass or go over: see transit.] I. a. 1. Having the power of passing, or making transition; passing over into something.
Cold is active and transitive into bodies adjacent, as well as heat. Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 70.
Acts may be called transitive when the motion is communicated from the person of the agent to some foreign body: that is, to such a foreign body on which the effects of it are considered as being material, as where a man runs against you, or throws water in your face. Bentham, Introd. to Morals and Legislation, vii. 13. 2. Effected by, or existing as the result of, transference or extension of signification; derivative; secondary; metaphorical. [Rare.]
Although by far the greater part of the transitive or derivative applications of words depend on casual and unaccountable caprices of the feelings or the fancy, there are certain cases in which they open a very interesting field of philosophical speculation. D.
3. In gram., taking a direct object; followed by a substantive in an accusative relation: said of a verb, or of the action expressed by a verb. Transitive is opposed to intransitive; but the distinction, though practically valuable, is only of minor importance, since no transitive verb is in English incapable of intransitive use, and also many intransitives can be used transitively, and verbs that are transitive in one language are the opposite in another, and so on. Abbreviated t. and trans. 4. Serving as a medium or means of transition. [Rare.] An image that is understood to be an image can never be made an idol; or, if it can, it must be by having the worship of God passed through it to God; it must be by being the analogical, the improper, the transitive, the relative (or what shall I call it) object of Divine worship. Jer. Taylor, Rule of Conscience, II. ii. 6. Transitive copula, a copula which signifies a transitive relation. Transitive function, a function which admits a system of transitive substitutions.-Transitive group. See group1.-Transitive relation. See relation, 3. II. n. A transitive verb. transitively (trånʼsi-tiv-li), adv. In a transitive manner. transitiveness (trånʼsi-tiv-nes), n. The state or character of being transitive. transitivity (trån-si-tiv'i-ti), n. The character of being transitive, as a group. transitorily (tranʼsi-to-ri-li), adv. In a transitory manner; for a little while. I make account to be in London, transitorily, about the end of August. Donne, Letters, xliii. transitoriness (trånʼsi-tō-ri-nes), n. The state of being transitory; short continuance; evanescence; transientness.
The worldly man is at home in respect of his affections; but he is, and shall be, a meer sojourner in respect of his transitoriness. Bp. Hall, Remains, p. 202. (Latham.) We... are reminded of the transitoriness of life by the mortuary tablets under our feet. Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 173. transitorioust (trån-si-tō'ri-us), a. [< L. transitorius, transitory: see transitory.] Transitory: Saynt Eanswyde, abbesse of Folkstane in Kent, inspyred christen marryage to be all vertues, to haue but transytoryouse frutes, and to be a fylthye corruptyon of virginitie. Bp. Bale, Eng. Votaries, i. transitory (trånʼsi-to-ri), a. [< ME. transitorie, <OF. *transitorie, transitoire = F. transitoire = Pr. transitori = Sp. transitorio = It. transitorio, < L. transitorius, having a passageway, LL. passing, transitory, < transire, pass over: see transit.] 1. Passing without continuing; lasting only a short time; unstable and fleeting; speedily vanishing.
For the Ricchesse of this World, that is transitorie, is not worthe. Mandeville, Travels, p. 294. Considering the chances of a transitory life, I would not answer for thee a moment.
Sterne, Tristram Shandy, vii. 19. 24. Occurring or done in passing; cursory. [Rare.] That adventure ... gave him also a transitory view of that excellent Lady whom the supreme Moderator of all things had reserved for him.
H. L'Estrange, Reign of K. Charles (ed. 1655), p. 3. Chose transitory. See chose2.-Transitory action, in law, an action which may be brought in any county, as actions for debt, detinue, or slander: distinguished from local actions, which must be brought in the place where the property to be affected is, or where the transaction in question occurred, etc.-Transitory venue. See venue1. =Syn. 1. Fleeting, etc. (see transient), temporary, evanescent, ephemeral, momentary, short-lived. transit-trade (trånʼsit-trad), n. In com., the trade which arises from the passage of goods through one country or region to another.
6433 transjordanic (trans-jôr-dan'ik), a. [<L. trans, across, Jordanus, Jordan.] Situated across or beyond the Jordan. [Rare.]
Abalaa. The Egyptian name of a transjordanic town. Cooper, Archaic Dict., p. 8. translatable (trans-la'ta-bl), a. [< translate + -able.] Capable of being translated, or rendered into another language; that may be expressed in other words or terms.
= What is really best in any book is translatable-any real insight or broad human sentiment. Emerson, Books. translatableness (trans-la'ta-bl-nes), n. The character of being translatable. Athenæum, March 4, 1882, p. 278. translate (trans-lāt'), v.; pret. and pp. translated, ppr. translating. [<ME. translaten, < OF. (obs.) translater = Pr. translatar : Sp. trasladar It. translatare, < ML. translatare, transfer, translate, <L. translatus, pp. of transferre, bring over, carry over, transfer: see transfer. Cf. tralation.] I. trans. 1. To bear, carry, or remove from one place to another; transfer; specifically, in mech., to impart to (a particle or body) a motion in which all its parts move in the same direction.
be they never so many. By turning, translating, and removing the [land] marks into other places they may destroy their enemies navies, Sir T. More, Utopia (tr. by Robinson), ii. 1. The weeping Niobe, translated hither From Phrygian mountains. B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, i. 1. After dinner you may appear again, having translated yourself out of your English cloth cloak into a light Turkey grogram. Dekker, Gull's Hornbook, p. 97. Now let the two parts while superposed be translated to any other position, then the piece B may be slid off and back to its original position. Encyc. Brit., XV. 660. 2. To transfer from one office or charge to another. In eccles. law: (a) To remove from one see to another said of a bishop.
At home, at this time, died John Peers, Archbishop of York, in whose place succeeded Matthew Hatton, translated from the See of Durham. Baker, Chronicles, p. 381. (b) In Scottish Presbyterian churches, to transfer from one pastoral charge to another: said of a clergyman. 3. To remove or convey to heaven without death.
By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death. Heb. xi. 5.
4+. To put into an ecstasy; ravish; put out of or beside one's self.
He [St. Paul] was translated out of himself to behold it [Heaven]; but being returned into himself could not express it. Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, i. 49. 5t. To cause to remove from one part of the body to another: as, to translate a disease.6. To change into another form; transform. Unnethe the peple hir knew for hir fairnesse, Whan she translated was in swich richesse. Chaucer, Clerk's Tale, 1. 329. Re-enter Puck, and Bottom with an ass's head. Quince. Bless thee, Bottom! bless thee! thou art translated. Shak., M. N. D., iii. 1. 122. Poets that can men into stars translate, And hurle men downe'under the feete of Fate. Brome, Sparagus Garden, iii. 5. 7. To render into another language; express the sense of (something expressed in the words of one language) in the words of another language; interpret. And gee schulle undirstonde, that I have put this boke out of Latyn into Frensche, and translated it azen out of Frensche into Englyssche, that every man of my nacioun may undirstonde it. Mandeville, Travels, p. xi. Neither of the rivals [Pope and Tickell] can be said to have translated the "Iliad," unless, indeed, the word translation be used in the sense which it bears in the "Midsummer Night's Dream." Macaulay, Addison.
Translating into his own clear, pure, and flowing language what he found in books well known to the world, but too bulky or too dry for boys and girls. Macaulay, Oliver Goldsmith. There is a magnificent series of stalls, which are simply the intricate embroidery of the tombs translated into polished oak. H. James, Jr., Little Tour, p. 247. 9. To make clear or evident to the mind or to the senses without speech; convey to the mind or the senses, as by experience.-10. To manufacture from old material; especially, in cheap shoemaking, to make (shoes or boots) by using parts of old ones. [Slang.]
Among these things are blankets, translated boots, mended trowsers.
translation "Elegy" into Latin verse; to render a learned discourse into vernacular. Interpret, like render, does not necessarily mean to change to another language, but it does mean, as render need not, to change to intelligible form, generally by following the text closely: as, to interpret an inscription; to interpret an address by a foreigner. Translate is literally to turn from one language to another, which is presumably one's own, unless another is mentioned, but the word has, figuratively, the meaning of interpret. To construe is to translate or to interpret, generally by following along word by word or clause by clause; hence the word is very often used of the work of a beginner: as, the painful construing of a sentence of Cæsar's "Commentaries." In its figurative use it retains much of this meaning: as, I cannot construe his language in any other way. See explain. II. intrans. 1. To be engaged in translating, or practise translation. All these my modest merit bade translate, And own'd that nine such poets made a Tate. Pope, Prol. to Satires, 1. 189. 2. In teleg., to retransmit a message automatically over another line, or over a continuation of the same line. translating-screw (tråns-lā'ting-skrö), ?. A screw used to move any part of a machine or apparatus relatively to another part or parts, either as a part of some general action of the machine or for purposes of adjustment; specifically, in breech-loading ordnance, a screw for moving in or out the wedge in the fermeture. translation (trans-la'shon), n. [< ME. translation, translacion, < OF. (and F.) translation = Pr. translatio = Sp. translacion, traslacion = Pg. translação = It. translazione, traslazione, < L. translatio(n-), transference, transplanting, version, transferring, translation, < translatus, late, transfer.] 1. The act of translating. (a) The pp. of transferre, transfer, translate: see transremoving or conveying of a thing from one place to another; transportation; removal.
Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, II. 110. 11. In teleg., to retransmit (a message). See translation, 7. Syn. 7 and 8. Render, Interpret, Translate, Construe. Render is the most general in its meaning, but is usually followed by into: as, to render Gray's
Made and done was the translacion [to Paris]. Off hed and of the glorious body [of St. Louis]. Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), l. 6206. The solemn translation of St. Elphege's body from London to Canterbury is taken especial notice of in the Saxon Chronicle under the year 1023. Rock, Church of our Fathers, III. i. 352, note. (b) The removal of a person from one office to another, or from one sphere of duty to another; specifically, the removal of a bishop from one see to another; in Scotland, the removal of a clergyman from one pastoral charge to another.
Does it follow that a law for keeping judges indepen. dent of the crown by preventing their translation is absolutely superfluous? Brougham. We can quite understand Richard I. meditating the translation of the Archbishop of Monreale to Canterbury. Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 134.
(c) The removal of a person to heaven without death. Time, experience, self-reflections, and God's mercies make in some well-tempered minds a kind of translation before death. Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., ii. 6. (d) The act of turning into another language; interpretation,
The chiefest of his [King Athelstan's] Works for the Service of God and Good of his Subjects was the Translation of the Bible into the Saxon Tongue.
Baker, Chronicles, p. 10. At best, the translation of poetry is but an imitation of natural flowers in cambric or wax.
8. To explain by using other words; express in 4. In med., a change in the seat of a disease; metastasis. 5. The process of manufacturing from old ma- terial. [Slang.] Translation, as I understand it (said my informant), is this to take a worn old pair of shoes or boots, and by repairing them make them appear as if left off with hardly any wear, as if they were only soiled. Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, II. 40. 6. In mech., motion in which there is no rotation; rotation round an infinitely distant axis.
Lowell, Study Windows, p. 324. 2. That which is produced by turning into another language; a version; the reproduction of a literary composition in a language foreign to that of the original.
The English Translation of the Bible is the best Translation in the World. Selden, Table-Talk, p. 20. 3+. In rhet., transference of the meaning of a word or phrase; metaphor.
Metaphors, far-fet, hinder to be understood; and, affected, lose their grace; or when the person fetcheth his translations from a wrong place. B. Jonson.
A change of place in which there is no rotation is called a translation. In a rotation the different parts of the body are moving in different ways, but in a translation all parts move in the same way. W. K. Clifford, Lectures, II. 12. 7. In teleg., the automatic retransmission of a message received on one line over another, or over a continuation of the same line. This is used on long lines to increase speed of working, and also at receiving-stations, and the translation is made from the linecircuit to a local circuit containing a local battery and the
translation receiving-instrument, the object being to obtain a strong current to work the sounder or recorder.-Energy of translation, equation of translation, principle of translation, surface of translation. See energy, etc. - Translation of a feast, the postponement to some future day of the observance of a feast, when the day of its ordinary observance falls upon a festival of superior rank. =Syn. 1. (d) Translation, Version, rendering. Trans lation and version are often the same in meaning. Translation is rather the standard word. Version is more likely to be employed in proportion to the antiquity of the work: as, the Syriac version; Dryden's version of the Nun's Priest's Tale; it is also more commonly used of the Bible than of other books: as, a comparison of the authorized with the revised version. Where translations differ, they are often spoken of as versions, as Lord Derby's and Mr. translations or versions of Homer. plies more to the meaning, translation more to the style. Each has meanings not shared by the other. translational (trans-la'shon-al), a. [< translation + -al.] Pertaining to or having the character of translation. See translation, 6.
I have frequently doubted whether it be a pure indigene, or translatitious. Evelyn, Sylva, I. iv. § 8. 2. Same as tralatitious. A delegated translatitious Majesty we allow. Millon, Answer to Salmasius, vii. 179.
translative (tráns la-tiv), a. [= Sp. translativo, traslativo It. traslativo; as translate + -ive.] Relating or pertaining to translation; especially, involving transference of meaning; metaphorical. [Rare.]
If our feete Poeticall want these qualities, it can not be sayd a foote in sence translative as here. Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 56. translator (tråns-lā'tor), n. [= F. translateur = It. traslatore (cf. Sp. Pg. trasladador = It. traslatatore), < L. translator, one who transfers or interprets, translatus, pp. of transferre, transfer, translate: see translate.] One who or that which translates.
become transformed The whole translational energy ... must ultimately into vibrational energy. Philos. Mag., 5th ser., XXX. clxxxii. 95. translatitioust (trans-la-tish'us), a. [< L. translaticius, translatitius, handed down, transmitted, hereditary, ‹ translatus, pp. of transferre, transfer, translate: see translate. Cf. translocalization (trans-lō"kal-i-zā'shon), n. tralatitious.] 1. Transmitted; transferred; he- trans- + localization.] Same as translocareditary. tion. Patients often unfold a train of reminiscence extempore translocated, ppr. translocating. [< L. trans, over, + locatus, pp. of locare, place: see locate.] To cause to change place, or to exchange places; put in a different relative position; displace; dislocate. In the Batrachians the ribs have been translocated from translocation (trans-lō-kā'shon), n. [< trans- + location.] The act of translocating, or the state of being translocated. Also translocali- zation. The translocation of the souls of beasts into such matter translucet (tråns-lūs'), v. t. [<L. translucere,
... A costermonger will part with everything rather than his boots, and to wear a pair of second-hand ones, or translators (as they are called), is felt as a bitter degradation by them all. Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, I. 51. (d) In teleg., a sensitive receiving-instrument used for retransmitting a message, or for translation: commonly called a relay. (e) Any instrument for converting one form of energy into another: thus, the magneto-electric engine which transforms the power of a steam-engine into electricity is a translator. translatory (trànsʻla-to-ri), a. [< translate + -ory.] 1. Transferring; serving to translate.
6434 transliterate (tråns-lit’e-rāt), v. t.; pret. and PP. transliterated, ppr. transliterating. [L. trans, over, + litera, letter: see letter3, literate.] To express or write, as words of a language having peculiar alphabetic characters, in the al- phabetic characters of another language; spell (the same, or approximately the same, sound) in different characters.
The translatory is a lie that transfers the merits of a man's good action to another more deserving. Arbuthnot. 2. Same as translational. The translatory velocity of the whirlwind itself. The Atlantic, XLIX. 331. translatress (tràns-lā ́tres), n. [<translator + -ess.] A woman who translates, in any sense of that word.
transmigration transmeable (tråns'mē-a-bl), a. [< L. transmeare, trameare, go over or through (see transmeate), +-able.] Capable of being transmeated or traversed. Bailey, 1727. [Rare.] transmeate (tråns'mē-āt), v. t.; pret. and pp. transmeated, ppr. transmeating. [< L. transmeatus, trameatus, pp. of transmeare, trameare, go over or through, trans, over, + meare, go, pass: see meatus. Cf. permeate.] To pass over or beyond. Coles. [Rare.] transmeation (trans-mē-ā’shọn), n. [Ķ trans[meate +-ion.] The act of transmeating, or passing through. Bailey, 1731. [Rare.] transmedian (trans-me di-an), a. and n. trans-median.] I. a. Passing or lying across the median line of the body, as a muscle. Also mediotransverse. [<
Your great Achilles, Cardinal Perron (in French; as also his noble Translatress, misled by him, in English), hath made bold with the Latin tongue. Chillingworth, Religion of Protestants, I. vi. § 29. translavationt (trans-la-va'shọn), n. [L. trans, over, lavatio(n-), a washing: see lave1.] A laving or lading from one vessel into another. This translavation ought so long to be continued out of one vessell into another, untill such time as it have done casting any residence downward. Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxxiv. 18. transleithan (trans-li'than), a. [< trans- + Leitha (see def.) + -an.] Beyond the Leitha, a river flowing partly along the boundary between Hungary and the archduchy of Austria: noting that division of the empire of Austria-Hungary which has its seat in Budapest. Compare Austrian1.
Greek names transliterated into a Latin alphabet are
The transliteration does not profess to give all the exact vocalic differences. The Academy, June 28, 1890, p. 448. transliterator (tràns-lit'e-ra-tor), n. [< transliterate+-or1.] One who transliterates; one who makes a transliteration.
The changer and translator of kyngedoms and tymes. Joye, Expos. of Daniel, v. Specifically-(a) One who renders something spoken or written in one language into another: as, he held the office of public translator. A noble author would not be pursued too close by a translucence (tràns-lu'sens), n. translucency (tràns-lu'sen-si), n. [As trans- lucence (see -cy).] The property of being trans- Dryden, Orig. and Prog. of Satire. (1) A cobbler of a low class, who manufactures boots and shoes from the material of old ones, selling them at a low price to second-hand dealers. [Slang.] lucent. The cobbler is affronted if you don't call him Mr. Translator. Tom Brown, Works, III. 73. (Davies.) (c) pl. Second-hand boots mended and sold at a low price. [Slang.]
It seems to have been the object of the transliterator to
Let Joy transluce thy Beauties' blandishment. Davies, Holy Roode, p. 26. (Davies.) [< translu-
The spheres That spight thy crystalline translucencie. Davies, Witte's Pilgrimage, sig. C iv. b. (Latham.) translucent (tråns-lu'sent), a. [ L. translu- cen(t-)s, ppr. of translucere, shine across or through, trans, over, + lucere, shine: see lu- cent. Cf. tralucent.] 1. Transmitting rays of light, without being transparent, as alabaster.
The subtle essence acted on him like a charmed draught,
2. Transparent; clear. The golden ew'r a maid obsequious brings, In a translucent manner. Drayton, Edward IV. to Mistress Shore, Annotation 3. translucid (tràns-lūʼsid), a. [= F. translucide Sp. traslucido = Pg. translucido - It. trans- lucido, traslucido, L. translucidus, traslucidus, shining through, < translucere, shine through: see translucent. Cf. lucid.] Translucent.=
Thow moost me ferst transmuwen in a stoon. Chaucer, Troilus, iv. 467. Men into stones therewith he could transmew. Spenser, F. Q., I. vii. 35. To transmew thyself from a holy hermit into a sinful forester. Scott, Ivanhoe, xx. transmigrant (tråns'mi-grant), a. and n. [<L. transmigran(t-)s, ppr. of transmigrare, transmigrate: see transmigrate.] I. a. Passing into another country or state for residence, or into another form or body; migrating. Imp. Dict. country and passes into another for settlement; II. n. 1. One who migrates or leaves his own a colonist.
There are other . . . implicit confederations. That of colonies, or transmigrants, towards their mother nation. Bacon, Holy War. 2. One who passes into another state or body. Imp. Dict. transmigrate (trans mi-grat), v.; pret. and pp. transmigrated, ppr. transmigrating. [<L. transmigratus, pp. of transmigrare (> It. trasmigrare = Sp. transmigrar, trasmigrar=F. transmigrer), remove from one place to another, trans, over, + migrare, depart, migrate: see migrate. Cf. emigrate, immigrate.] I. intrans. 1. To migrate; pass from one country or jurisdiction to another for the purpose of residing in it. This complexion is evidently maintained by generation,.. ... so that strangers contract it not, and the natives which transmigrate amit it, not without commixture. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., vi. 10. 2. To pass from one body into another; be transformed; specifically, to become incarnate in a different body; metempsychosize. ...
It [the crocodile] lives by that which nourisheth it; and, the elements once out of it, it transmigrates.
Shak., A. and C., ii. 7. 51. Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela records in the 12th century of the Druses of Mount Hermon: "They say that the soul of a virtuous man is transferred to the body of a new-born child, whereas that of the vicious transmigrates into a dog, or some other animal.' "9 E. B. Tylor, Prim. Culture, II. 13. II. trans. To cause to pass or migrate from one region or state of existence to another. Excellent Spirits are not by Death extinguished or neglected, but are rather transmigrated from the earth, to reigne with the Powers aboue.
Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 463. transmigration (tràns-mi-grā’shọn),n. [<ME. transmigracioun, < OF. (and F.) transmigration = Sp. transmigracion, trasmigracion = Pg. transmigração It. trasmigrazione, < LL. transmigratio(n-), L. transmigrare, transmigrate: see transmigrate.] The act of transmigrating; passage from one place, state, or form into another. =
Lately hath this peerlesse man [Isaac Casabonus] made a happy transmigration out of France into our renowned island of great Britaine. Coryat, Crudities, I. 43. What see I on any side but the transmigrations of Proteus? Emerson, History. Specifically-(a) In physiol., the passage of cells through a membrane or the wall of a vessel: as, the transmigration
transmigration of the white blood-corpuscles from the capillaries into the supposed passing of the soul into another body after death; In life's next scene, if transmigration be, The of the of which has indeed risen from its lower stages to establish itself among transmittance (trans-mit'ans), n. [< transmit remnants. the huge religious communities of Asia, great in history, transmigrationism (tråns-mi-grā’shọn-izm), n. [< transmigration + -ism.] The theory or doc- trine of metempsychosis. Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XLIII. 103. transmigrator (trans'mi-gra-tor), n. [< trans- migrate + or1.] One who transmigrates. transmigratory (trans-mi'grā-tō-ri), a. transmigrate +-ory.] Passing from one place, body, or state to another. transmisst, v. t. [< L. transmissus, pp. of trans- mittere, transmit: see transmit.] To transmit.
Bag. Any reversions yet? nothing transmiss'd? Rime. No gleanings, James? no trencher analects? W. Cartwright, The Ordinary (1651). (Nares.) transmissibility (trans-mis-i-bil ́i-ti), n. [< transmissible + -ity (see -bility).] The character of being transmissible.
Lately the transmissibility of acquired mental faculties has come to be an acknowledged fact. E. Montgomery, Mind, IX. 370. transmissible (trans-mis'i-bl), a. [=OF. transmissible = Pg. transmissivel, < L. as if *transmissibilis, transmittere, pp. transmissus, transmit (see transmit), + -ible.] Capable of being transmitted, in any sense. nected with hereditary possessions in the soil, and transWisely discarding those establishments which have con. missible dignities in the state. Everett, Orations, I. 216. transmission (tråns-mish'on), n. [= F. transmission = Sp. transmision, trasmision Pg. transmissão It. trasmissione, < L. transmissio(n-), a sending over, passage, <_transmittere, send over, transmit: see transmit.] 1. The act of transmitting, or the state of being transmitted; transmittal; transference. Although an author's style may lose somewhat by transmission, it loses little in prose if it is good for anything; not so in poetry.
Landor, Imag. Conv., Alfieri and Metastasio.
2. In biol., specifically, same as heredity. Au organism, as a rule, inherits-that is to say, is born the peculiarities of its parents; this is known as Transmission. E. R. Lankester, Degeneration, p. 13. with 3. In physics, a passing through, as of light
= His praise, eternal on the faithful stone, trans, over, + mittere, send: see mission.] 1. To send over, onward, or along; hand along or down; transfer; communicate: as, to transmit a letter or a memorial; to transmit despatches. Whatever they learn and know is transmitted from one to another. Bacon, Fable of Perseus. To solicite this Peace, Peter Reuben the famous rich Painter of Antwerp as Agent was transmitted hither. H. L'Estrange, Reign of K. Charles (ed. 1655), p. 106. Resolving to transmit to posterity not only their names and blood, but their principles also. ... D. Webster, Speech, Concord, Sept. 30, 1834. 2. To suffer to pass through; conduct. A love which pure from soul to soul might pass, As light transmitted through a crystal glass. Dryden, Tyrannic Love, v. 1.The shell of sense, growing daily thinner and more transparent, transmitted the tremor of his quickened spirit. H. James, Jr., Passionate Pilgrim, p. 107. Bevel-gear transmitting dynamometer. Same as balance-dynamometer. transmittable (trans-mit'a-bl), a. [< transmit Transmissible. +-able.] transmittal (trans-mit'al), n. [< transmit + -al.] Transmission.
6435 The transmittal to England of two-thirds of the revenues Letter of transmittal, a written official communica- tion from one person to another, notifying or advising Transmutability. the recipient that other documents, which usually ac- company the letter, are sent or otherwise made over to him by the writer. The phrase is official or technical in various departments of the United States government.
transmogrification (trans-mog"ri-fi-kā'shon),
transmittible (trans-mit'i-bl), a. The one transmitter of their ancient name, Their child. Tennyson, Aylmer's Field. Specifically-(a) In teleg., the sending or despatching inthat under the system, in which a paper strip with perforations representing the Morse or a similar alphabet is passed rapidly through an instrument called an automatic transmitter, in which contacts are made by metallic points wherever a perforation occurs, and are prevented where the paper is unpierced. E. H. Knight. (b) In telephony, the microphonic or other apparatus, together with the funnel for receiving the voice and converging the waves of sound upon the thin iron diaphragm. See telephone. [< transmit As if the fiery part of the candle were annihilated, or ible.] 1. Transmissible.-2+. Capable of transmutate, as some philosophers imagine, when the candle goeth out, and were not fire and in action still. being put or projected across. Baxter, Dying Thoughts. A transmittible gallery over any ditch or breach in a transmutation (tráns-mu-tā'shọn), n. [< ME. transmutacioun, OF. transmutacion, F. trans[(Latham.) mutation Pr. transmutacio = Sp. transmutaPg. transmutação cion, trasmutacion = trasmutazione, < L. transmutatio(n-), a changing, a shifting, transmutare, change, transmute: see transmute.] 1. The act of transmuting, or the state of being transmuted; change into another substance, form, or nature. town-wall. Marquis of Worcester, Century of Inventions, § 73. =
But of all restorations, reparations, and transmogrifications, that inflicted upon the "Cnidian Venus" [an undraped statue, which has been partially draped in painted tin] of the Vatican is the most grotesque.
The Nation, March 20, 1884, p. 250. pp. transmogrified, ppr. transmogrifying. [Fortransmogrify (tràns-mogʻri-fi), v. t.; pret. and merly also transmography; a substitute for transform, the termination -mography simulating a Gr. origin (cf. geography, etc.), -mogrify a L. origin (cf. modify).] To transform into some other person or thing, as by magic; convert or transform in general. [Humorous and contemptuous.]
In that Lond, ne in many othere bezonde that, no man may see the Sterre transmontane, that is clept the Sterre of the See, that is unmevable, and that is toward the Northe, that we clepen the Lode Sterre. Trans-montane commerce. Mandeville, Travels, p. 180. Science, III. 220. transmorphism (trans-môr' fizm), n. [< L. trans, over, + Gr. μopon, form, + -ism.] The evolution of one thing from another; the transformation of one thing into another.
The Democriteans evolve the higher from the lower by transmovet (trans-möv'), v. t. [< L. transmo- vere, remove, transfer, trans, over, + movere, move: see move.] To transform.
transmute The fluids and solids of an animal body are easily transmutable into one another. Arbuthnot, Aliments. transmutableness (trans-mu'ta-bl-nes), n.
... Next Saturne was, That to a Centaure did him selfe transmove. Spenser, F. Q., III. xi. 43. transmuet (trans-mū′), v. t. See transmew. transmutability (trans-mu-ta-bil'i-ti), n. [< transmutable + -ity (see -bility).]" The prop- erty of being transmutable; susceptibility of change into another nature or substance; transmutableness. transmutable (trans-mūʼta-bl), a. [<ME. trans- mutable, OF. *transmutable = Sp. transmuta- ble, L. as if *transmutabilis, <"transmutare, transmute: see transmute.] Capable of being transmuted, or changed into a different sub- stance, or into something of a different form
Some learned modern naturalists have conjectured at the easy transmutableness of water. Boyle, Works, III. 69. transmutably (trans-mū'ta-bli), adv. With or through transmutation; with capacity of being changed into another substance or nature. transmutant (trans-mūʼtant), a. In math., replacing facients of a covariant by first derived functions of a contravariant, or facients of a contravariant by first derived functions of a covariant. transmutatet (trànsʼmu-tāt), v. t. [< L. transmutatus, pp. of transmutare, change, shift, transfer: see transmute.] To transmute; change.
or nature. Oure 5 essencie is the instrument of alle vertues of thing transmutable if thei be putt in it, encreessynge an hundrid foold her worchingís. Book of Quinte Essence (ed. Furnivall), p. 14.
Here fortune her faire face first transmutated. Vicars, tr. of Virgil. (Nares.) transmutatet (tránsʼmṛ-tāt), a. [< L. transmutatus, pp.: see the verb.] Transmuted; changed.
I begin to think . . . that some wicked enchanters have transmographied my Dulcinea. Fielding, Love in Several Masques, v. 4. Jonathan was for an instant paralysed by our impu- dence; but just as we were getting before the wind, he yawed, and let drive his whole broadside; and fearfully did it transmogrify us. M. Scott, Tom Cringle's Log, iii. transmontane (tråns-mon-tān'), a. [< ME.transmontane, < OF. transmontane, <L. transmon- +mon(t-)s, mountain, montanus, of a moun- tanus, beyond the mountains, < trans, beyond, tain: see mountain. Cf. tramontane, tramoun- a mountain or mountains.
gold, or iron to copper ... is better called, for distinc- (b) In geom., the change or reduction of one figure or body into another of the same area or solidity but of a different form, as of a triangle into a square; transformation. (c) In biol., the change of one species into another by any means; transpeciation; transformism. The history of the idea or of the fact runs parallel with that of transformism, from an early crude or vulgar notion akin to that in- volved in the alchemy of metals (see above) to the mod- ern scientific conception of transmutation as an evolu- tionary process, or the gradual modification of one species into another by descent with modification through many generations.
The transmutation of plants one into another is "inter magnalia natura": for the transmutation of species is, in the vulgar philosophy, pronounced impossible; but seeing there appear some manifest instances of it, the
Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 525. As a paleontologist I have from the beginning stood aloof from this new theory of transmutation now so widely admitted by the scientific world. Agassiz, quoted in Dawson's Nature and the Bible, [App. B, p. 241. 2. Successive change; alternation; interchange.
This wrecched worldes transmutacioun, And the constant change and transmutation Of action and of contemplation. Longfellow, Golden Legend, iii. Transmutation glaze, a name given to certain porcelain glazes which have an iridescent changeable luster. Syn. 1. See transform, v. t. transmutationist (trans-mu-tā'shon-ist), n.
Naturalists, being convinced by him Darwin] as they had not been by the transmutationists of fifty years' earlier date, were compelled to take an entirely new view of the significance of all attempts at framing a "natural" classification. Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 809.
transmutative (trans-mu'ta-tiv), a. [< transmutate +-ive.] Pertaining to or characterized by transmutation.
It is this conception which later developed into the theory of an actual transmutative development of lower into higher organisms. Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 815. transmute (trans-mut'), v. t.: pret. and pp. transmuted, ppr. transmuting. [<late ME. transmuten, L. transmutare, change, transmute, trans, over, mutare, change: see mute2, mew3. Cf. transmew, the earlier form.] To change from one nature, form, or substance into another; transform. Page 13
transmute Lord, what an alchymist art thou, whose skill Transmutes to perfect good from perfect ill! Quarles, Emblems, iv. 4. A state of feeling in which the reasons which had acted on her conscience seemed to be transmuted into mere selfregard. George Eliot, Mill on the Floss, vi. 13. =Syn. Metamorphose, etc. See transform. transmuted (tråns-mu'ted), p. a. 1. Changed into another substance, form, or nature.-2. In her., same as counterchanged. transmuter (tråns-mū ́tėr), n. [< transmute + -erl.] One who transmutes. Imp. Dict. transmutual (trans-mu'tu-al), a. [< trans- + mutual.] Reciprocal; commutual. ̄ Coleridge. Imp. Dict. [Rare.] transnaturation (trans-nat-u-rā'shọn), n. [< transnature + -ation.] The act or process of changing the nature of anything; the state of being changed in nature. [Rare.]
Save by effecting a total transnaturation or stagnation of the human mind, how could a language be prevented from undergoing changes? F. Hall, Mod. Eng., p. 280. transnature (trans-nā'tūr), v. t. [< trans- + nature.] To transfer or transform the nature of. See the quotation under transelement. trans-Neptunian (tråns-nep-tūʼni-an), a. [< L. trans, beyond,+ Neptunus, Neptune,+ -ian.] In astron., being beyond the planet Neptune. transnominatet (trans-nom'i-nāt), v. t. [< L. trans, over,+ nominatus, pp. of nominare, name: see nominate.] To change the name of. [Rare.] He [Domitian] also trans-nominated the two moneths of September and October to Germanicus and Domitian. Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 523. transnormal (trans-nôr'mal), a. normal.] Exceeding or beyond what normal; abnormal by excess; supernormal.
The distinctive features which already his [Euripides's] quickwitted contemporaries found mirrored in his transnormal productions.
A. W. Ward, Eng. Dram. Lit., Int., p. xxiii. transoceanic (tràns-ō-she-an'ik), a. [<L. trans, beyond, oceanus, ocean, + -ic.] 1. Located or existing beyond the ocean: as, a transoceanic country; of or pertaining to what is across the ocean.-2. Crossing the ocean: as, the transoceanic flight of a bird; relating to the crossing of the ocean: as, a transoceanic theory of the dispersion of human races.
I maintain against all the world that no man knows anything about the transoceanic power of migration. Edinburgh Rev., CXLV. 439. transom (tran'sum), n. [Formerly transome, late ME. traunsom; prob., through an OF. form not found, L. transtrum, a cross-bank in a vessel, a thwart, in arch. a cross-beam, a transom; appar. trans, across, + suffix -trum. Some take it to be an accom. form of a supposed Gr. *Opaviστpov, ‹ Opāvos, a bench, bank.] 1. In arch., a horizontal bar of timber or stone across a window; also, the cross-bar separating a door from the fanlight above it. See mullion.
Vitruvius. Transtra; Seates whereon rowers sit in shippes boates, or galeis; also a transome goyng ouerthwarte an house. Cooper, Thesaurus (ed. 1565). All seemed of gold- the wall, the columns which run up to the central golden roof, and the transoms which connect them. The Century, XL. 196. 2. Same as transom-window, 2. [U. S.]
The dome lights and transoms are of rich mosaic glass, in admirable keeping with the woodwork. The Century, XXXVIII. 367.
3t. A slat of a bedstead. Ye Transome of a bed; trabula. Levins, Manip. Vocab. (E. E. T. S.), p. 161. Item, to John Heyth a materas with a traunsom, a peire shetes, a peire blankettes, and a coverlight. <5 Paston Letters, III. 288. 4. Naut., one of several beams or timbers fixed across the sternpost of a ship to strengthen the after part and give it the figure most suitable to the service for which the vessel is intended. See also cut under counter.-5. In a saw-pit, a joist resting transversely upon the strakes.-6. One of two beams of wood or metal secured horizontally to the side frames of a railway car-truck. They are placed one on each side of the swing-bolster.-7. In gun., a piece of wood or iron joining the cheeks
6436 of gun-carriages, whence the terms transomplates, transom-bolts, etc.-8. In surv., a piece of wood made to slide upon a cross-staff; the vane of a cross-staff.-Deck-transom, a beam or framework across the stem of a vessel, supporting the after part of the deck. transomed (tranʼsumd), a. Fitted with a transom or with transoms, as a door or window. Colonial and Indian Exhibition (1886), p. 100. transomert, n. [Late ME., transom + -er2.] A transom.
transpadane (trans-pā'dān), a. [L. transpa- Is it to the Cispadane or to the Transpadane republics, which have been forced to bow under the galling yoke of French liberty, that we address all these pledges of our sincerity? Burke, A Regicide Peace, iii. transpalatine (trans-pal'a-tin), a. and n. [< trans-+palatine2.] I. a. Transverse, as a pal- transparent [< trans- + atine bone which extends on either side from the median line.
Canvas in the Warderop and fyne Lynen Clothe of dyuers sortes. . . . Item, iiij transomers. Paston Letters, I. 480. transom-knee (tranʼsum-nē), n. In ship-building, a knee bolted to a transom and after-tim ber.
But through the yce of that vniust disdaine, Yet still transpares her picture and my paine. Stirling, Aurora, Sonnet xcix. transparence (trans-pãr'ens), n. [Formerly also transparance; <F. transparence Sp. transparencia, trasparencia Pg. transparencia It. trasparenzia, trasparenza, < ML. transparentia, transparen(t-)s, transparent: see transparent.] Same as transparency. = = (The casements standing wide) Clearely through that transparance is espy'de This Glutton, whom they by his habit knew. Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 575. But breezes played, and sunshine gleamed, . Reddened the fiery hues, and shot Transparence through the golden. Wordsworth, Yarrow Revisited. transparency (trans-par ́en-si), n. [As transparence (see -cy).] 1. The property or state of being transparent; that state or property of a body by which it admits of the passage of rays of light so that forms, colors, and brightness of objects can be seen through it; 2 diaphaneity.
Transoms and Frame of Ship, inside of Stern. I, main transom; 2, 2, half transoms; 3. transom; 4, 4, transom-knees; 5, stern-post.
transom-window (tranʼsum-win"dō), n. 1. A window divided by a transom.-2. A window over the transom of a door. Also called tran som.
II. n. The transpalatine bone of certain sauropsidan vertebrates. transpalmar (tråns-palʼmär), a. [< L. trans, across, palma, palm: see palmi, palmar.] Situated across the palm of the hand; lying crosswise in the palm.-Transpalmar muscle, the transpalmaris. transpalmaris (trans-pal-ma'ris), n.; pl. transpalmares (-rēz). [NL.: see transpalmar.] The transpalmar muscle of the hand; the palmaris See palmaris. Coues, 1887. transpanamic (trans-pa-nam'ik), a. [<trans+ Panama (see def.) +-ic.] Existing or located on the other side of the Isthmus of Panama from the position of the speaker. [Rare.] The Formicariida thin out very much in the Transpanamic subregion on the north. brevis. .. • P. L. Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV. 176. [= It. trasparere, transparet (trans-pãr'), v. i. trasparire, ML. transparere, shine through, < L. trans, through, + parere, appear: see appear.] To appear through something else; be visible through something.
the air. The clearness and transparency of the streami. Addison, Remarks on Italy (ed. Bohn, I. 367). Their silver wings flashing in the pure transparency of Hawthorne, Marble Faun, vi. 2. Something intended to be seen by means of transmitted light, as a picture, a sign, or other representation; often, an announcement of news, painted on canvas or other translucent material and lighted from behind; hence, by extension, a frame or construction, usually of wood and muslin, containing the lights necessary, and having one, two, or four inscriptions, or the like, on different sides.
transpass Abbey held its station between a cave in Italy and a moon light lake in Cumberland.
Three transparencies, made in a rage for transparencies, for the three lower panes of one window, where Tintern
Jane Austen, Mansfield Park, xvi. 3. In photog., a positive picture on glass, intended to be viewed by transmitted light. Such pictures are in common use for hanging in windows as ornaments, and are still more common as lantern-slides, for projection on a screen by the magic-lantern or stereopticon.
4. [cap.] A translation of the German title Durchlaucht (Seine Durchlaucht, literally 'His Perlustriousness,' used like the English His Serene Highness). [Burlesque.]
Then came his Transparency the Duke [of Pumpernickel] and Transparent family. Thackeray, Vanity Fair, lxii.
transparency-painting (trans-par ́en-si-pan”ting), n. A painting designed to be viewed by transmitted light; also, the art of making such frame and sized with two coats of gilders' size, isinglass, paintings. It is executed on muslin strained on a or gelatin size, which, when dry, is carefully rubbed with pumice-stone to confer a smooth, paper-like surface, on which a design is then traced or pounced and afterward secured by being touched with a lead-pencil, or a reedpen charged with India ink. For painting, flat hog-hair brushes are used, but broad, flat, and thin tintings may be rubbed in with a fine sponge, and heavy masses of color dabbed on with a coarse honeycombed sponge. The painting may be executed in oil-colors mixed with any good vehicle, or in water-color with a solution of gum tragacanth. Pleasing effects are produced by the combination of two or three surfaces of muslin strained on different frames and placed one behind the other. If three are used, the nearest figures and foreground are painted on the one in front, the middle distance on the next, and the extreme distance on the surface behind. = = = transparent (trans-pãr'ent), a. and n. [< F. Pr. transparent Sp. transpaIt. trasrente, trasparente = Pg. transparente parente, ML. transparere, shine through: see transpare.] I. a. 1. Having the property of transmitting rays of light so that bodies situated beyond or behind can be distinctly seen; transmitting light-waves radiated from some source, without absorption or scattering; pervious to light; diaphanous; pellucid: as, transparent glass; a transparent diamond: opposed to opaque, and distinguished from translucent. Nor shines the silver moon one half so bright Through the transparent bosom of the deep. Shak., L. L. L., iv. 3. 31. Admitting the passage of light through interstices. 2. And Heaven did this transparent veil provide, Dryden, Epitaph on Monument of a Lady at Bath.
3. Figuratively, easily seen through or understood; easily intelligible. He was to exhibit the specious qualities of the tyrant in a light which might render them transparent, and enable us at once to perceive the covering and the vices which it concealed. Macaulay, History. Transparent discourse to a popular audience will be largely Saxon in its vocabulary. A. Phelps, English Style, p. 150.
4. Bright; shining; clear.
This fell tempest shall not cease to rage Transparent colors, in painting, colors such as will transmit light, or so delicately or thinly laid on as to veil without concealing the ground or other colors behind them: opposed to opaque colors, which only reflect light; also, colors which appear only by transmitted light, as those of stained glass, which, as correctly conceived, should be wholly transparent and with no opaque shadows.Transparent corpuscles of Norris, colorless bodies found in the blood, supposed to be decolorized red bloodcorpuscles.-Transparent gold ocher. See ocher.Transparent lacquer, leather, soap. See the nouns. -Transparent oxid of chromium. See chromium. =Syn. 1. Bright, limpid, crystalline. II. n. A costume consisting of a dress of lace, tulle, gauze, or other thin fabric, worn over another dress of rich material. This fashion seems to have been introduced about 1675. transparently (trâns-pãr'ent-li), adv. In a transparent manner; so as to be seen through; clearly. transparentness (trans-pãr'ent-nes), n. The property or state of being transparent; transparency; diaphaneity. transpasst (trans-pås'), v. [<ML. transpassare, pass over, L. trans, over, + ML. passare, pass: see pass. Cf. trespass, an older form of the same word.] I. trans. To pass over. The river Hyphasis, or, as Ptolemy calleth it, Bipasis, was Alexander's non ultra; which yet he transpassed, and set up altars on the other side. Gregory, Notes on Scripture, p. 75. (Latham.) Thy form and flatter'd hue, Is far more fair than is thy looking-glass.
of the German title laucht, literally 'His Ske the English His Sque.]
he Duke [of Pumpernick Sackeray, Vanity Fair, li rans-par'en-si-pan ned to be viewed by art of making such muslin strained on f gilders' size, Isinglass s carefully rubbed with paper-like surface, on pounced and afterward lead-pencil, or a reed. painting, flat hog-hair and thin tintings may and heavy masses of ycombed sponge. The Colors mixed with any ith a solution of gum produced by the com of muslin strained on pehind the other. 1 =and foreground are ddle distance on the
he surface behind. = a. and n. [<F == Sp. transpa arente It. tras Fne through: see the property of hat bodies situ
distinctly seen; ted from some cattering; perucid: as, trans ond: opposed m translucent.
• I do not credit that the devil hath power to tran- speciate a man into a horse. Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, i. § 30. transpeciation (trån-spe-shi-a'shon), n. [< Transformation of one transpeciate + -ion.] species or kind into another; specifically, in biol., transmutation of species. See transmu- tation, 1 (c), and transformism.
Maudsley, Body and Will, p. 132. transperinæus (trans-per-i-ne'us), n.; pl. transperinæi (-1). [NL., L. trans, across, + NL. perinæum, q. v.] The transverse perineal muscle; the transversus perinæi. Coues, 1887. [< transperitoneal (trans-per"i-to-ne'al), a. trans-peritoneal.] Traversing the peritoneal
What [substance] redounds, transpires Milton, P. L., v. 438. Through spirits with ease. They [root-hairs] abound most in plants inhabiting dry places and in those which transpire freely. Science, V. 36. But how are we to account, in a mind otherwise sane, for his [Harrington's] notion that his thoughts transpired from him, and took the shape of flies or bees? I. D'Israeli, Amen. of Lit., II. 385. 3. In bot., to exhale watery vapor. See tran- evolution in nature, and, secondly, that progressive trans- spiration, 2.-4. To escape from secrecy; be- come public gradually; come to light; ooze First, that there has been what we may call a nisus of speciations out.
That light, Sent from her through the wide transpicuous air Milton, P. L., vill. 141. To the terrestrial moon. transpierce (trans-pērs'), v. t.; pret. and pp. transpierced, ppr. transpiercing. [< F. trans- percer; as trans-+pierce.] To pierce through; penetrate; pass through; transfix.
To transpire, . . . to escape from secrecy to notice: a sense lately innovated from France without necessity. Johnson, Dict. So the whole journal transpires at length by piecemeal, Lamb, Last Essays of Elia. There is no den in the wide world to hide a rogue. Some damning circumstance always transpires. Emerson, Compensation. transpicuous (tran-spik'u-us), a. [= It. traspi- 5. To happen or come to pass; occur. cuo, L. as if transpicuus, < transpicere, see or look through, < trans, through, + specere, look: see spy. Cf. conspicuous, perspicuous.] Trans- parent; pervious to the sight. cavity. erroneous use.]
He saw him wounded and trans-pierced with steele. Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 225. They were often transpierced, horse and rider, by the Moorish darts, impeding the progress of their comrades by their dying struggles. Irving, Granada, p. 91. transpinalis (trån-spi-na'lis), n.; pl. transpinales (-lez). [NL., L. trans, across, + spina, spine: see spinalis.] A muscle of the spine which lies between successive transverse processes of the vertebræ; an intertransverse muscle.
6437 I. trans. To emit through the excretories of
= = = transpirable (trån-spir'a-bl), a. [< OF. tran- breathe through, transpire: see transpire.] 1. The act or process of transpiring; especially, exhalation through the skin: as, the transpira- tion of obstructed fluids.
This, that, and ev'ry thicket doth transpire 2. To pass through or out of some body, as an exhalation; specifically, to be emitted through the excretories of the skin or lungs; exhale; pass off from the body in vapor, as in insensi- ble perspiration.
[An The penny-a-liners "allude" in cases where others would
On this belief in the Constancy of Nature are based A. Daniell, Prin. of Physics, Int., p. 3.
... It [an obelisk]. was transplaced from the left side
Every foile is Maade tender twyes if it be transplaunted. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 51. Methods of transplanting trees, To look as if they grew there.
transpontine transplantação; as transplant +-ation.] 1. The act of transplanting a living plant or shifting it to new soil.
Tennyson, Amphion. These cautions are to be observed: That if any trans- That we may enjoy our consciences in point of God's worship: the main end of transplanting ourselves into these remote corners of the earth. N. Morton, New England's Memorial, App., p. 418. 3. In surg., to transfer from one part of the transplantable (trans-planʼta-bl), a. [<trans- plant +-able.] That can or may be trans- planted.
which I never neede other powdering to my hair, 2. In bot., the exhalation of watery vapor from the surface of the leaves of plants. A great part of the water which serves as the vehicle of the nutritious is disposed of by transpira- substances contained in the tion. When thus given out it sometimes appears in the form of extremely small drops at the tip of the leaf, and especially at the extremities of the nerves.-Pulmonary transpiration, the exhalation of watery vapor from the blood circulating through the lungs. It may be made evi- dent by breathing on a cold reflecting surface.-Tran- spiration of gases, the motion of gases through a capil lary tube under pressure. The rate of motion varies with the composition of the gas, but bears a constant relation not coinciding with density, diffusion, or any other known property. The velocity depends not simply on the friction of the gas against the surface of the tube, but much more on the friction of the gas-particles against each other, and the transfer of momentum which thus results. A com- transpiratory (trån-spir'a-to-ri), a. [< tran- Lowell, Biglow Papers, 2d ser., iil. [< L. trans,spire+-at-ory.] Of or pertaining to transpira- transplantar (trans-plan'tär), a. tion; transpiring; exhaling. over, planta, the sole of the foot: see plan- transpire (trån-spir'), v.; pret. and pp. tran- tar.] Situated transversely in the sole of spired, ppr. transpiring. [F. transpirer Sp. foot; lying across the planta: as, a transplan- transpirar, traspirar Pg. transpirar It. tra- tar muscle. Coues. [ spirare, L. as if *transpirare, transspirare, transplantation (trans-plan-ta'shon), n. Sp. trasplantacion = Pg. trans, through, + spirare, breathe: see spires.] F. transplantation =
Athenians pretending that our own religion is only a cutting or slip from theirs, much withered and dwarfed by transplantation. Landor, Imag. Conv., Alcibiades and Xenophon. 2. The removal of an inhabitant or the inhabitants of one place or region to a different one for residence; also, the persons so removed.
Most of kingdoms have thoroughly felt the calamities of forcible transplantations, being either overwhelmed by new colonies that fell upon them, or driven, as one wave is driven by another, to seek new seats, having lost their Raleigh. own.
A cure by transplantation, performed on the son of one sists essentially of two pointed trowels with long handles, hinged together like scissors. 3. A machine for moving trees. A usualform consists of high-framed truck fitted withgearing for hoist- ing up the tree between the wheels from a a hole previously dug around the roots, and lowering it again into a new hole. Also called tree-remover. E. H. Knight. transplanting (trånsplan'ting), n. Verbal n. of transplant, v.] 1. The act or process of removing and resetting, as a plant; transplantation. Transplanter, 3. So far as the plant is concerned, three or four transplantings are better than one. Science, XIV. 364. 2. That which is transplanted. Such colonies become so intimately fused with others that not seldom the transplantings from them turn out impure. Alien. and Neurol., X. 470. transplendency (trån-splen'den-si), n. [ transplenden(t) +-cy.] Supereminent splendor. The supernatural and unimitable transplendency of the Divine presence. Dr. H. More, Antidote against Idolatry, ii. transplendent (trån-splen'dent), a. [< trans+ splendent.] Resplendent in the highest degree.
For of the ancient Persians there are few, these being the posteritie of those which haue beene here seated by the transplantations of Tamerlane and Ismael. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 385. 3. In surg., the removal of living tissue from one part of the body to another, or from one individual to another, to supply a part that has been lost or to lessen a deformity, as in the Taliacotian operation.-4. A pretended method of curing any disease by making it pass from the sick person to another person, or even to an animal or a vegetable.
The divinity, with all its adorable attributes, is hypostatically, vitally, and transplendently residing in this hu manity of Christ. Dr. H. More, Antidote against Idolatry, ii. transpleural (tråns-plö'ral), a. [< trans- + pleural.] Traversing the pleural cavity. transponibility (trans-po-ni-bil'i-ti), n. Capability of being transposed without violation of an assumed condition. transponible (trans-po'ni-bl), a. Transposable. transpontine (trans-pon'tin), a. [= F. transpontin Sp. traspontino, L. trans, beyond, the+pons (pont-), a bridge: see pons, pontine2.] Situated or existing across or beyond a bridge; specifically, belonging to the part of London lying on the Surrey side of the Thames: applied to the Surrey and Victoria theaters, at
transpontine which cheap melodrama was formerly popular, and hence, in London theatrical parlance, to any play of a cheap, melodramatic character.
The incidents are melodramatic, and the comic characters are of the true transpontine race. Athenæum, No. 3085, p. 793. Calls from transpontine and barbaric regions came fast upon him [0. W. Holmes, in Boston, Massachusetts] as his popularity grew. E. C. Stedman, The Century, XXIX. 506. transport (tråns-pōrt'), v. t. [<ME. transporten, < OF. (and F.) transporter Pr. Sp. transportar, trasportar : = Pg. transportar = It. trasportare, L. transportare, carry over or across, < trans, over, portare, carry: see port3.] 1. To convey from one place to another; transfer. The kyng, gredy of comune slaughter, caste hym to transporten [var. transpor] upon al the ordre of the senat the gilt of his real majeste. Chaucer, Boëthius, i. prose 4. Her ashes.
Transported shall be at high festivals The bee transports the fertilizing meal From flow'r to flow'r. Cowper, Task, iii. 538.
It is easy to realize the enormous floating and transporting power of such great bodies of ice.
And in to sorow transport our gladnesse, Our huge uigour to feblesse this instance, Our plesire into displesance expresse, Our full good fortune into gret misc[h]ance. Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3739.
3t. To remove from this world; kill: a euphem istic use.
# He cannot be heard of. Out of doubt he is transported. Shak., M. N. D., iv. 2. 4.
Shak., T. and C., iii. 2. 12. 2t. To transform; alter. Prestwich, Geology, i. 186. transportantt (trans-pōr'tant), a. [transport +-ant.] Transporting; ravishing.
4. To carry into banishment, as a criminal to a penal colony; carry beyond seas.
But we generally make a shift to return after being transported, and are ten times greater rogues than before, and much more cunning. Swift, Last Speech of Ebenezer Elliston. And never mind what Felix says, for he's so masterful he'd stay in prison and be transported whether or no, only to have his own way. George Eliot, Felix Holt, xxxviii. 5. To carry away by strong emotion, as joy or anger; carry out of one's self; render beside one's self.
The hearts of men, . Of those faire formes, may lift themselves up hyer. Whither will you transport me? Beau. and Fl., Knight of Burning Pestle, iii. 1. transport (tråns'port), n. [< F. transport = Sp. transporte, trasporte Pg. transporte; from the verb.] 1. Transportation; carriage; convey- = ance.
.. The Romans stipulated with the Carthaginians to furnish them with ships both for transport and war. Arbuthnot, Ancient Coins, p. 239. The transport of blocks by ice in rivers of cold climates has often been described. Prestwich, Geology, i. 190. 2+. Transformation; alteration. Many are now poor wandering beggars who are descended of the blood and lineage of great kings and emperors, occasioned . . . by the transport and revolutions of kingdoms and empires. Urquhart, tr. of Rabelais, i. 2. 3. A ship or vessel employed by government for carrying soldiers, warlike stores, or provisions from one place to another, or to convey convicts to the place of their destination. Grant organized an expedition to counteract this design, and on the evening of November 6 left Cairo with about 3000 men on transports, under convoy of 2 gun-boats, and steamed down the river. The Century, XXXVI. 575. 4. A convict transported or sentenced to exile. If he had been a transport he could not have been treated worse. He told his father that he was driving him on the road to transportation.
6438 2. Involving transportation; subjecting to transportation. The statute 7 Geo. II. c. 21... makes it a felony (trans .. with a felonious intent to rob. portable for seven years) unlawfully and maliciously to assault another with any offensive weapon or instrument, Blackstone, Com., IV. xvii. transportaget (trans-pōr'tāj), n. [< transport +-age.] Transportation. Here be my keyes, my trunks take to thy charge;
Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, I. 470. 5. Vehement emotion; passion; rapture; ecstasy. In the afternoone I went againe with my Wife to the Dutchess of Newcastle, who receiv'd her in a kind of transport, suitable to her extravagant humour and dresse. Evelyn, Diary, April 27, 1667. I broke open my letter in a transport of joy. Addison, A Friend of Mankind. Transport screw. See screw1. transportability (trans-por-ta-bil'i-ti), n. [< transportable + -ity (see -bility).] The character of being transportable; the capacity of being transported. transportable (trans-pōr'ta-bl), a. [= F. transportable = It. trasportabile; as transport + -able.] 1. Capable of being transported. The direct result of a union of two or more distinct protoplasmic masses, in plant life, is a condensed, inactive, and transportable condition of the life of the species-that is, a seed or spore. Amer. Nat., June, 1890, p. 577.
Heywood, Fair Maid of the West (Works, ed. 1874, II. 273). transportal (trans-pōr'tal), n. [< transport + -al.] The act of removal from one locality to another; transportation.
The relative length of these organs [pistils and stamens] is an adaptation for the safe transportal by insects of the pollen from the one form to the other. Darwin, Different Forms of Flowers, p. 253. transportancet (trans-pōr'tans), n. [< transport+-ance.] Conveyance.
O, be thou my Charon, And give me swift transportance to those fields Where I may wallow in the lily-beds Proposed for the deserver!
So rapturous a joy, and transportant love. = = = transportation (trans-por-ta'shon), n. [< F. transportation Pr. transportacio portacion, trasportacion = Pg. transportação Sp. transIt. trasportazione, < L. transportatio(n-), a removing, transporting, < transportare, pp. transThe act of transporting, or conveying from one portatus, remove, transport: see transport.] 1. place to another, or the state of being so transported; carriage; conveyance; transmission. There may be transportation and isolation of very small fragments of a very variable species. Amer. Jour. Sci., XL. 9. 2. The removal or banishment, for a specified term, of a convict to a penal settlement in another country. The transportation of persons convict ed of crime prevails in France and Russia, but in Great Britain it is now superseded by penal servitude. See penal.
3. Transport; ecstasy; rapture. She did bite her lips in pronouncing the words softly to herself; sometimes she would smile, and her eyes would sparkle with a sudden transportation. History of Francion (1655). (Nares.)
All pleasures that affect the body must needs weary, because they transport; and all transportation is a violence, and no violence can be lasting.
Steele, Tatler, No. 211. 4. Means of transporting, as wagons or other vehicles; also, the cost of traveling. [U. S.] A lot of miscellaneous transportation, composed of riding-horses, ambulances, and other vehicles, which, over roads rendered almost impassable by mud, made their progress to the last degree vexatious and toilsome. The Century, XXXIX. 564. Transportation of a church, in Scottish eccles, law, the erection of a parish church in a different part of the parish from that in which the church formerly stood.
That we who are old men, Christian philosophers and divines, should have so little government of ourselves, as to be puffed up with those poor accessions of titular respects, which those who are really and hereditarily possessed of can wield without any such taint or suspicion of transportedness! Bp. Hall, Works, VIII. 488. transportee (trans-por-tē ́), n. One who has been transported; a convict. [Australia.] transporter (trans-por'ter), n. [< transport + erl.] One who or that which transports or removes. What shall become of that unspeakably rich transporter who carries out men and money, and brings home gauds and puppets? Rev. T. Adams, Works, II. 571. transporting (trans-por'ting), p. a. [Ppr. of transport, v.] Ravishing with delight; bearing away the soul in pleasure; ecstatic. The pleasure which affects the human mind with the most lively and transporting touches is the sense that we
Are not you he, when your fellow-passengers, Fletcher (and another), Queen of Corinth, iv. 1. 2. Passion; anger.
There he attack'd me With such transportment the whole town had rung on 't Had I not run away. Digby, Elvira, iv. (Davies.) transport-rider (tràns'port-rī”dėr), n. A carrier. [South Africa.] I hired myself to drive one of a transport-rider's wagons. Olive Schreiner, Story of an African Farm, ii. 11 transport-ship (tråns'pōrt-ship), n. A ship or other vessel employed in conveying soldiers, military stores, or convicts; a transport. transport-vessel (tråns'pōrt-ves"el), n. Same as transport-ship.
transposable (trans-poʻza-bl), a. [< transpose + -able.] Capable of being transposed. Împ. Dict.
transposal (trans-pō'zal), n. [< transpose + -al.] The act of transposing, or the state of transpose (trans-pōz'), v. t.; pret. and pp. transbeing transposed; transposition. Swift, Tale of a Tub, Pref. posed, ppr. transposing. [<ME. transposen, < OF. (and F.) transposer, transpose; cf. Sp. transponer, trasponer Pg. traspor It. trasponere, trasporre, L. transponere, set over, remove, trans, over, + ponere, place: see ponent and pose2.] 1t. To remove to a different place; transfer; transport. So many other nations of the world haue beene transposed and forced to flie from one region to another. Verstegan, Rest. of Decayed Intelligence (ed. 1628), p. 43. Bethink you of a place You may transpose her. Shirley, Maid's Revenge, iii. 1. 2. To cause (two or, less frequently, more objects) to change places. "This infant was called John Little," quoth he; "Which name shall be changed anon; The words we'll transpose; so, wherever he goes, His name shall be call'd Little John.' Robin Hood and Little John (Child's Ballads, V. 222). 3. In alg., to bring, as any term of an equation, over from one side to the other side. See transposition, 2.-4. In rhet., to change the usual order of (words).-5. In music, to alter the tonality of (a piece or passage) from a given tonality, either in performance or in transcription. See transposition, 4.-6t. To transform. That which you are my thoughts cannot transpose; Angels are bright still, though the brightest fell. Shak., Macbeth, iv. 3. 21. Inference of transposed quantity. See inference.Transposed quantity. See quantity. transposet (trans-pōz'), n. [transpose, v.] Transposition.
This man was very perfit and fortunate in these transposes. Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, ii. (canceled [pages). (Davies.) transposer (trans-põ′sėr), n. [transpose + -erl.] One who transposes. Imp. Dict. transposing (trans-po'zing), p. a. Serving to transpose; effecting transposition.-Transposing instrument, a musical instrument which is constructed or adjusted to be played in a given tonality, as a B-flat clarinet, but the music for which is customarily written in another tonality, usually that of C. Music for various instruments-mostly wind-instruments, such as clarinets, trumpets, horns, etc., and also double basses and tympani -is habitually thus written. The name is more or less deceptive, since all that is meant by writing such music nominally in the key (tonality) of C is that the desired tones have certain tonal relations-that is, are definitely related to a key-note, the pitch of that key-note being fixed by the construction or the adjustment of the instrument. Accordingly, a generalized notation, like that of the tonic sol-fa system, is more appropriate, in which the tonal relations are indicated irrespective of the absolute pitch of the key-note.-Transposing pianoforte, a pianoforte on which transposition can be effected by purely mechan. ical means. In some cases the strings are moved without disturbing the keyboard; in some the keyboard is shifted bodily, and in some the keyboard is made in duplicate, the upper digitals being movable over the lower. One of the last-mentioned devices is called transpositeur. Trans posing organs, harpsichords, etc., have also been made.— Transposing scale. See model, 7 (a) (1). transposition (trans-po-zish'on), n. [<F. transposition Pr. transpositio = Sp. transposicion, =
transposition trasposicion = Pg. trasposição = It. trasposizione, LL. transpositiō(n-), < L. transponere, pp. transpositus, transpose: see transpose.] 1. The act of transposing; a putting of each of two things in the place before occupied by the other; less frequently, a change in the order of more than two things; also, the state of being transposed, or reciprocally changed in place. -2. In alg., the bringing over of any term or terms of an equation from one side to the other side. This is done by changing the sign of every term so transposed, the operation being in effect the adding of the If a + x = b+c, then by transposition we get x=b+c-a, term with its sign reversed to both sides of the equation. or x-bc-a, or xa-c=b, etc. 3. In rhet. and gram., a change of the usual order of words in a sentence; words changed from their ordinary arrangement for the sake of effect.
The French language is... the most determinate in the order of its words. The Italian retains the most of the ancient transpositive character. H. Blair, Rhetoric, vii. transpositively (trans-poz'i-tiv-li), adv. By transposition; in a transpositional manner. Stormonth. transpositor (tråns-poz'i-tor), n. [< L. as if *transpositor, transponere, transpose: see transpose.] One who transposes; a transposer. Landor. (Imp. Dict.) transprint (trans-print'), v. t. [< trans- + print.] To print in the wrong place; transfer to the wrong place in printing. Imp. Dict. [Rare.] transprocess (trans-pros ́es), n. [< trans- + process.] A transverse process of a vertebra; a diapophysis. Coues. [Recent.] transprojection (trans-pro-jek'shon), n. In persp., a perspective projection in which the point of sight lies between the natural object and the projection. transproset (trans-prōz'), v. [< trans-+prose.] To change from verse into prose. The Buckingham quotation (of date 1671) follows and arises out of that given under transverse, t., 2; and Marvell's title is evidently a fanciful adaptation of the passage in "The Rehearsal." The Dryden quotation is an allusion to Elkanah Settle's giving to his poem upon Dryden's "Absalom and Achitophel" (part i.) the title of "Achitophel Transprosed." The uses of the word are humorous throughout; and, indeed, Marvell's work is prose named from prose, while Settle's is verse named from verse.
6439 transrotatory (trans-rō'ta-to-ri), a. [< trans- trans, beyond, + sepulcrum, sepulcher, +-al.] Being beyond the tomb; post-mortem; post- humous. [Recent.] transshape (trans-shap′), v. t. [Also transhape; trans- + shape.] To change into another shape or form; transform.
We have deprived ourselves of that liberty of transposition in the arrangement of words which the ancient languages enjoyed. H. Blair, Rhetoric, viii. 4. In music, the act, process, or result of altering the tonality of a piece or passage from a given tonality, either in performance or in transcription. Transposition in itself involves only a I sing of times trans-shifting; and I write change of key-note and a uniform shift of pitch upward or How roses first came red, and lilies white. downward; but such a change may also involve more or Herrick, Hesperides, Arg., 1. 9. less serious collateral changes. In purely vocal music slight transpositions are practically immaterial, and con- transship (trans-ship'), v. t. Same as tranship. siderable ones are only noticeable because they change transshipment (trans-ship'ment), n. Same as the ease or the method in which given tones are produced. transhipment. [< L. transtemporal (trans-tem'po-ral), a. trans, across, tempora, temples: see tempo- ral2.] Traversing the temporal lobe of the brain: noting an inconstant fissure. B. G. Wilder. [Recent.] transtimet (trans-tim'), v. t. To change the time of. [Rare.] To transplace or transtime a stated Institution of Christ without his direction, I think is to destroy it. N. Ward, Simple Cobler, p. 16. The most striking and most offensive error in pronunciation among the Londoners, I confess, lies in the transpositional use of the letters w and v, ever to be heard when there is any possibility of inverting them. Thus they always say "weal" for "veal," "vicked" for "wicked." Pegge, Anecdotes of the Eng. Lang. transpositive (tråns-poz'i-tiv), a. [=F. transpositif; as transpose + -it-ive.] Of the nature of transposition; made by transposing; consisting in transposition.
Johns. Methinks, Mr. Bayes, that putting Verse into Prose should be call'd Transprosing. Bayes. By my troth, a very good Notion, and hereafter it shall be so. Buckingham, The Rehearsal, i. 1. The Rehearsal transprosed, or Animadversions upon a late work intituled "A Preface shewing what grounds there are of Fears and Jealousies of Popery," by Dr. Sam. Parker, Marvell (title of work). Bishop of Oxford, 1672. Instinct he follows, and no farther knows, For to write verse with him is to transprose. Dryden, Abs. and Achit., ii. 444. transregionatet (tråns-rē ́jon-āt), a. [< trans+ region + -ate1.] Pertaining to a region beyond another; foreign. Harrison (Holinshed's Chron., I.).
or maintains the doctrine of transubstantiation. [Rare.] Same as transu Thus did she trans-shape thy particular virtues. Shak., Much Ado, v. 1. 172. transudate (trån-sū ́dāt), n. dation, 2 (b). transudation (trån-su-dā'shọn), n. [< transude +-ation.] The act or process of transuding; transshift (trans-shift'), v. t. To interchange substance. Specifically, in med.: (a) The passage of the process of oozing through the pores of a or transpose. [Rare.] Pr. fluid through the pores of any membrane or wall of a cavity; endosmosis or exosmosis. (b) The liquid thus transuded, especially into a cavity. Also transudate. transudatory (trån-su'da-tō-ri), a. [< transude +-at-or-y.] Passing by transudation. transude (tran-sūd'), v. i.; pret. and pp. transuded, ppr. transuding. [<F. transsuđer = trassuzar, trassuar = Sp. trasudar Pg. transIt. trasudare, ML. *transsudare, sweat through, L. trans, through, + sudare, sweat: see sudation.] To pass or ooze through the pores or interstices of a membrane or other permeable substance, as a fluid (transpire being commonly said of gases or vapors). = sudar
Suppose him Trans-shap'd into an angel. Beau. and Fl., Laws of Candy, iv. 1.
= transubstantiate (tran-sub-stan ́shi-āt), v. t.; pret. and pp. transubstantiated, ppr. transub- stantiating. [< ML. transubstantiatus, trans- substantiatus, pp. of transubstantiare, transsub- stantiare (> It. transustanziare, trasustanziare = Sp. transustanciar Pg. transsubstanciar = Pr. transsustanciar = F. transsubstantier), change into another substance, L. trans, over, + sub- stantia, substance: see substance.] 1. To change from one substance to another.
Donne. O self-traitor, I do bring Now the Stomach . . . hath a chymical kind of Virtue to transubstantiate Fish and Fruits into Flesh within and about us. Howell, Letters, I. i. 31. 2. Specifically, in theol., to change from bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ: said of the elements in the eucharist. See transubstantiation.
transvase Christ, or no? substantiation the sacrament itself be first possessed with Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 67. The change of the whole substance of the bread into the body, of the whole substance of the wine into the blood [of Christ], only the appearances of bread and wine remaining; which change the Catholic Church most fitly calls transubstantiation. Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent (trans.), quoted [in Rom. Cath. Dict., p. 314. transubstantiationalist (trån-sub-stan-shi-ā'shon-al-ist), n. [< transubstantiation + -al-ist.] [Rare.] Same as transubstantiator. Making it ["An't please the pyx"] equivalent to "Deo volente" in the minds of transubstantiationalists. N. and Q., 6th ser., IX. 149.
Expounding "This is my body," that is to say, this is converted and turned into my body, and this bread is tran- substantiated into my body. Tyndale, Ans. to Sir T. More, etc. (ed. Parker Soc.), p. 244. There can be little doubt that Queen Elizabeth was a believer in a real, but not in a transubstantiated presence. Ellis's Letters, p. 269, note. transubstantiation (trån -sub-stan-shi-a'- shon), n. [<F. transsubstantiation Sp. tran- sustanciacion, trasustanciacion = Pg. transsub- stanciação = It. transustanziazione, ML. tran- substantiatio (n-), transsubstantiatio(n-) (used for the first time by Peter Damian, d. 1072; ac- cording to Trench, by Hildebert, d. about 1134), < transubstantiare, transsubstantiare, change into another substance: see transubstantiate.] A change of one substance into another; spe- cifically, in theol., the conversion, in the conse- cration of the elements of the eucharist, of the whole substance of the bread into the body, and of the whole substance of the wine into the blood, of Christ, only the appearances of the bread and wine remaining. This is the doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church. The Greek Church calls the change μETоvoiwois ('transubstantiation' or 'transessen- tiation'); but it is a disputed question whether it holds the same doctrine. Transubstantiation is one of several forms in which the doctrine of the real presence is held. See doctrine of the real presence (under presence), and con- substantiation.
transubstantiator (tran-sub-stanʼshi-ā-tor), n. transubstantiate + orl.] One who accepts
The nutritious fluid. transudes through the walls of the alimentary cavity, and passes into the blood contained in the blood-vessels which surround it.
Huxley, Biology, xi. transumet (trån-sūm'), v. t.; pret. and pp. transumed, ppr. transuming. [< LL. transumere, transsumere, take over, adopt, assume, L. trans, over, + sumere, take: see sumpt. Cf. assume, consume, desume.] 1. To take from one to another; convert. [Rare.]
That we may live, revive his death, With a well-blessed bread and wine Transum'd, and taught to turn divine.
Crashaw, Hymn for the Blessed Sacrament. 2. To copy or transcribe. Halliwell. transumpt1 (trån-sumpt'), n. [<OF. transumpt, < ML. transumptum, a copy, neut. of LL. transumptus, pp. of transumere, take over, assume, ML. transcribe: see transume.] A copy of a writing or exemplification of a record. [Obsolete or archaic.]
The pretended original breve was produced, and a transumpt or copy thereof offered them.
Lord Herbert, Hist. Hen. VIII., p. 225. The transumpt of a Papal Breve, three years old, was exhibited by Stokesley. R. W. Dixon, Hist. Church of Eng., iii. Action of transumpt, in Scots law, an action competent to any one having á partial interest in a writing, or immediate use for it, to support his titles or defenses in other actions, directed against the custodier of the writing, calling upon him to exhibit it, in order that a copy or transumpt of it may be made and delivered to the pursuer. Imp. Dict. transumption (trån-sump'shon), n. [< L. transumptio(n-), a taking of one thing from another (see transumpt), < (LL.) transumere, take over: see transume.] The act of taking from one place to another. Imp. Dict. transumptive (trån-sump'tiv), a. [< L. transumptivus, metaphorical, < (LL.) transumere, to another; transferred from one to another; take over: see transume.] Taken from one metaphorical.
metonymical kind of speech, called meanders. Drayton, Rosamond to King Henry, Annotation 2. digres Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 44. transvasate (tràns-vā ́sāt), v. t. [< ML. transvasatus, pp. of transvasare, pour from one vessel into another: see transvase.] Same as transvase.
The Father and Son are not, as they suppose, transvasated and poured out, one into another, as into an empty vessel. Cudworth, Intellectual System, p. 619. transvasation+ (trans-va-sā ́shọn), n. [< ML. transvasation, transvasare, transvase: see transvase, transvasate.] The act or process of transvasing. Holland. (Imp. Dict.) transvase (trans-vas'), v. t.; pret. and pp. transvased, ppr. transvasing. [<F. transvaser=
transvase It. travasare, < ML. transvasare, pour from one vessel into another, also remove one's residence, L. trans, over, + vas, vessel: see vase.] To pour from one vessel into another; transfuse.
The upper and smaller apertures, or the higher ouvreaux, called the lading holes, because they serve for transvasing the liquid glass. Ure, Dict., II. 663. transvectant (tråns-vek'tant), n. [< L. transvectus, pp. of transvehere, carry over, +-ant.] In math., an invariant produced by the operation of transvection. transvection (trans-vek'shọn), n. [<L. transvectio(n-), a passing or carrying over, transvehere, pp. transvectus, carry over, transport, < trans, over, + vehere, carry, convey: see vehicle.] 1. The act of conveying or carrying over.-2. In math., the operation of obtaining a covariant by operating upon one with another. transverberate (trans-vér be-rāt), v. t.; pret. and pp. transverberated, ppr. transverberating. [L. transverberatus, pp. of transverberare, strike or thrust through, trans, over, + verberare, strike: see verberate.] To beat or strike through. [Rare.]
A double cours of boording first it have, Oon transversal, another cours directe. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 155. The vibrations of sound are longitudinal, while the vibrations of light are transversal.
Tyndall, Light and Elect., p. 61. II. n. 1. In geom., a line drawn across several others so as to cut them all. Transversals are usually understood to be straight, in the absence of any qualification, but circular transversals are also spoken of. 2. In anat., a transversalis or transversus.Parallel transversals, three segments cut off by the sides of a triangle from three lines through one point parallel to those sides. There is for every triangle one point from which the parallel transversals are all equal. transversalis (trans-vér-sa'lis), n.; pl. transversales (-lēz). [NL. (sc. musculus): see transversal.] In anat., one of several different muscles, etc., which lie across certain parts.Transversalis abdominis, the innermost of the three flat muscles of each side of the abdomen, whose fibers run mostly horizontally.-Transversalis cervicis, a flat fleshy muscle of the back of the neck, usually united with the longissimus dorsi, and thus forming the apparent continuation of the latter in the neck. Transversalis colli, the transverse cervical artery (which see, under transverse).-Transversalis fascia, the fascia lining the visceral aspect of the anterior abdominal muscles, continuous above, where it is thinnest, with the lining of the diaphragm below, and blending with Poupart's ligament, or prolonged downward, under that ligament, over the femoral vessels. Transversalis menti, an occasional muscle of the chin.-Transversalis nasi, a small muscle lying across the nose.-Transversalis pedis, perinæi. Same as transversus pedis, etc. (which see, under transversus). transversality (trans-vér-sal'i-ti), n. [< transversal +-ity.] The state or condition of being transversal.
6440 traverse, a.] I. a. 1. Lying or being across or in a cross direction; cross; thwart.
The condition of transversality leads at once to the desired results. Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 450. transversally (tråns-vér'sal-i), adv. In a transverse direction; as a transversal. transversantt (trans-ver'sant), a. [< ME. transversant, OF. *transversant, traversant, ML. transversan(t-)s, ppr. of transversare, go across, transverse, traverse: see transverse, v.] Running across; transverse. Make this house wherin thay shal abyde Light, clene, and playne with perches transversannte To sitte upon. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 21. transversary (tråns'ver-sa-ri), n.; pl. transversaries (-riz). [L. transversarium, a cross-beam, a net stretched across a river, neut. of transversarius, cross, transverse: see transverse.] See the quotation. The cross-staff [in the 17th century] was a very simple instrument, consisting of a graduated pole with cross pieces, called transversaries (of which there were four used according to the altitude), also graduated, which Encyc. Brit., X. 187. were fitted to work on it. [<F. transtransverse (tråns-vérs′), a. and n. verse, OF. travers = Pr. transvers, travers = Sp. Pg. transverso = It. trasverso, L. transversus, traversus, lying across, transverse, pp. of transvertere, cross, transverse, < trans, across, + vertere, turn: see verse. transverso, trasverso = Cf.
A kettle, slung Between two poles upon a stick transverse. Cowper, Task, i. 561.
2. Collateral. [Rare.] When once it goes to the transverse and collateral [line], they not only have no title to the inheritance, but every remove is a step to the losing the cognation and relation to the chief house. Jer. Taylor, Rule of Conscience, ii. 3. 3. In anat. and zool., broader or wider than long; having its major diameter crosswise: noting various parts or organs which lie or are taken to run across other parts, or especially across the long axis of the whole body. See transversalis and transversus.-4. In bot.: (a) Right and left or collateral with reference to the median plane. (b) Being at right angles to the axial direction: for example, see transverse partition, below.-5. In herpet., specifically noting a bone of the skull which usually unites the palatine and the pterygoid bones with the maxilla. It is usually flattened, plate-like, and firmly sutured, making a solid framework of the maxillary and pterygopalatine bars; but in some ophidians, as the venomous snakes, it is a slender rod movably articulated in front with the maxilla, and connected behind with the pterygoid only; it then movement of the bones of the takes great part in the peculiar Ptupper jaw by which the venomfangs are thrown into position for striking. See also cuts under Ophidia, Pythonidæ, Crotalus, and acrodont. Pmx Vo
6. In her., crossing the escutcheon from one side to BO the opposite one.-By transverset, confusedly; out of the proper order.
Under View of Left Half of Skull of Cyclodus, showing Tr, the transverse bone, connecting Mx, the maxilla, with Pl and Pt, the palatine and pterygoid. (Other let. ters as in Cyclodus, which see.)
Nothing doth firme and permanent appeare, But all things tost and turned by transverse. Spenser, F. Q., VII. vii. 56. Hallucal transverse muscle. Same as transversus pedis (which see, under pe83).-Transverse artery, one of several small branches of the basilar artery, passing directly outward to be distributed to the pons Varolii.Transverse axis. See axis1.-Transverse cervical artery, the third branch of the thyroid axis. It passes outward across the subclavian triangle to the anterior margin of the trapezius, where it divides into the superficial cervical and the posterior scapular. Also called transversalis colli.- Transverse colon, that portion of the large intestine which extends across the body from right to left, from the end of the ascending colon to the beginning of the descending colon. See cut under intestine.-Transverse coxa. See coxa, 3.-Transverse diameter of a conic section. Same as transverse axis.-Transverse facial ar tery, a branch of the temporal artery. It passes forward through the parotid gland, and breaks up on the side of the face into numerous branches which supply the parotid gland, masseter muscle, and the integument. Transverse fissure. (a) Of the liver. See fissure. (b) Of the brain, a fissure beneath the fornix and the hemispheres, above the optic thalami, through which membranes and vessels are continued from the pia mater into the ventricles of the frontal convolution, the ascending frontal or anterior brain.-Transverse flute. See flutel, 1.-Transverse central gyrus or convolution. See gyrus.-Transverse frontal furrow, the precentral sulcus. See precentral.— Transverse humeral artery. Same as suprascapular artery (which see, under suprascapular).-Transverse ligament of the atlas. See ligament.-Transverse ligament of the fingers, a superficial palmar band stretching across the roots of the four fingers.-Transverse ligament of the pelvis, a strong fibrous band stretching across the subpubic angle near its apex. Transverse ligament of the toes, a plantar band similar to the transverse ligament of the fingers.-Transverse magnet, a magnet whose poles are not at the ends, but at the sides, formed by a particular combination of bar-magnets. Transverse magnetism, or transverse magnetization, magnetization at right angles to the length of the bar.-Transverse map-projection. See projection.-Transverse metacarpal ligament, a band of fibers passing between the palmar ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints.-Transverse metatarsal ligament, a plantar band similar to the transverse metacarpal ligament. Transverse myelitis, myelitis involving the whole thickness of the cord, but of slight vertical extent-Transverse partition, in bot., a dissepiment, as of a pericarp, at right angles with the valves, in a silique. Transverse perineal artery, an artery usually arising, in common with the superficial perineal artery, from the pudic artery at the fore part of the ischiorectal fossa, and traversing the perineum; the transperineal artery. It is distributed to the parts between the anus and the bulb of the urethra, and anastomoses with the corresponding artery of the opposite side.-Transverse process of a vertebra, a lateral process on each side, of different character, morphologically, in different regions of the spine; properly, a transprocess or diapophysis; in the cervical region, usually a diapophysis and pleurapophysis partially united in one, inclosing a vertebrarterial foramen: in this and other regions often including also a parapophysis, or including a without a or only of a parapophysis: when consisting of a diapophysis and a parapophysis together, the latter is specified as the
transversum inferior transverse process. See cuts under axis1, 3 (a), dorsal, neurocentral, vertebra, cervical, endoskeleton, hypapophysis, and lumbar.-Transverse rib, in arch. See ribl.-Transverse scapular artery. Same as suprascapular artery (which see, under suprascapular).—Transverse section. See section, 4.-Transverse shade, in entom., a shade or band somewhat darker than the general surface, running transversely across the middle of the fore wing, between the reniform and orbicular spots, of many noctuid moths.-Transverse shapingmachine, a shaping-machine having a cutter-head carried on a pillar and reciprocating horizontally. E. H. Knight. -Transverse sinus. See sinus.-Transverse strain, in mech., the strain produced in a beam by a force at right angles to its length; the bending or flexure of an elastic beam.-Transverse suture. See suture.-Transverse
thoracic furrow. See thoracic.-Transverse vein, in entom., any one of several short veins connecting two lonand to the length of the wing. They are found especially gitudinal ones, and running nearly at right angles to them in the wings of certain dipters, and are distinguished by special names, as the small or middle transverse vein, between the third and fourth longitudinal veins, near the fourth and fifth longitudinals; and the posterior basal transcenter of the wing; the hinder transverse vein, between the verse vein, between the fifth and sixth longitudinals, near the base of the wing.-Transverse vibration. Same as lateral vibration (which see, under lateral). II. n. In anat., a transversalis or transversus: as, the transverse of the abdomen, perineum, or sole of the foot. transverse (tràns-vèrs'), adv. [< transverse, a.] Crosswise; across; transversely.
A violent cross wind from either coast Blows them transverse ten thousand leagues awry. Milton, P. L., iii. 487. transverse (tråns-vèrs'), v.; pret. and pp. transversed, ppr. transversing. [< ME. transversen, <OF. *transverser, traverser, < ML. transversare, go across, transgress, traverse, ‹ L. transversus, pp. of transvertere, turn across, turn away: see transverse, a. Cf. traverse, v.] I. trans. 1. To overturn; turn topsyturvy.
And though our Monarchy be quite transverst, The great Messias.
Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 284. 2. To change; transpose. Compare transprose. If there be any Wit in 't, as there is no Book but has some, I Transverse it: that is, if it be Prose, put it into Verse, if it be Verse, put it into Prose. Buckingham, The Rehearsal, i. 1. II. intrans. To transgress; run counter. Ac treuthe, that trespassede neuere ne transuersede azens the lawe, Bote lyuede as his lawe tauhte.
Piers Plowman (C), xv. 209. transverse-cubital (trans-vèrs'kū ̋bi-tal), a. [Rare in all uses.] Same as transversocubital. transversely (tråns-vèrs'li), adv. In a transverse position, direction, or manner; crosswise. At Stonehenge the stones lie transversely upon each transverse-medial (trans-vérs ́mē"di-al), a. other. Stillingfleet. Same as transversomedial. transverse-quadrate (trans-vèrs'kwod”rāt), a. In entom., having approximately the form of a rectangular parallelogram, which is broader than it is long. transversion (trans-ver'shọn), n. [<ML. transtransversi, n. Plural of transversus. versio(n-), < L. transvertere, turn across: see transverse, a. and v.] The act or process of transversing. See transverse, v. Duplex, changing Verse into Prose, or Prose into Verse. My first Rule is the Rule of Transversion, or Regula Buckingham, The Rehearsal, i. 1.
transverso-analis (trans-ver"sō-a-nā'lis), n. [NL.: see transverse and anal.] Same as transversus perinæi (which see, under transversus). transversocubital (trans-vér-sō-kūʼbi-tal), a. [As transverse + cubital.] Running across and dividing the cubital cells of the wings of some insects: noting certain nervures. transversomedial (trans-ver-so-me di-al), a. [As transverse + medial.] Crossing the medial ters: noting certain nervures. cells of the wings of some insects, as hymenoptransversospinalis (trans-ver"sō-spi-nā'lis), n.; pl. transversospinales (-lēz). [NL.: see transverse and spinal.] One of the set or series of spinal muscles which connect the transverse with the spinous processes of vertebræ. transversovertical (tråns-ver"sō-ver'ti-kal), a. [As transverse + vertical.] Relating to what index, the ratio of the greatest height to the greatest is transverse and vertical.-Transversovertical breadth of the cranium.
transversum (tràns-vér ́sum), n.; pl. transversa (-sä). [NL., prop. neut. of L. transversus, transverse: see transversc.] In herpet., the transverse bone of the skull: more fully called os transversum. See transverse, a., 5 (with cut). Page 14
transversus transversus (tråns-vėr ́sus), n.; pl. transversi (-si). [NL.: see transverse.] In anat., a transverse muscle; a transversalis.-Transversus auriculæ, a small muscle on the back of the ear, rudimentary in man.-Transversus menti, a portion of the depressor anguli oris.-Transversus núchæ, an anomalous muscle occurring not infrequently in man, arising from the occipital protuberance and inserted into or near the tendon of the sternomastoid. Also called corrugator posticus, occipitalis teres.-Transversus orbitæ, an occasional muscle of man, traversing the upper part of the verter = orbit. Transversus pedis. See pess-Transversus perinæl, the transperineal muscle, which traverses the back part of the perineum from the tuberosity of the ischium to the median raphe, or in the female to the sphincter vagina.-Transversus thoracis. Same as sternocostalis. transvert† (tråns-vért′), v. t. [< ME. transverten, OF. *transvertir = Sp. transverter, trasPg. transverter, L. transvertere, turn across: see transverse.] To change by turning; turn about. Craft of Lovers, 1. 419. transvertible (trans-vér'ti-bl), a. [transvert +-ible.] Capable of being transverted. Sir T. Browne. (Imp. Dict.) [Rare.] transview (trans-vū′), v. t. [< trans- + view.] To look through. [Rare.]
Let vs with eagles eyes without offence Transview the obscure things that do remain. Davies, Mirum in Modum, p. 9. (Davies.) transvolation+ (tråns-vo-lā'shọn), n. [< L. transvolare, pp. transvolatus, fly over or across, < trans, over, + volare, fly: see volant.] The act of flying beyond or across.
Ioves Trull Europa he from Sidon into Creet Transwafted, whilest the waue ne're toucht her feet. Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 128. Transylvanian (tran-sil-va'ni-an), a. and n. [< Transylvania (see def.), lit. 'the land beyond the forest,' namely, the ancient forest separating the country from Hungary, ‹ L. trans, beyond, sylva, silva, forest: see sylva, sylvan.] I. a. Of or pertaining to Transylvania, formerly a grand principality, since 1868 incorporated with Hungary. II. n. A native or an inhabitant of Transyl vania.
For alle his fare I hym deffle, I knowe his trantis fro toppe to taile, He leuys with gaudis and with gilery.
6441 She wolde weepe if that she sawe a mous Caught in a trappe, if it were deed or bledde. Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 145. We have locks to safeguard necessaries, And pretty traps to catch the petty thieves. Shak., Hen. V., i. 2. 176. A sudden sharp and bitter cry, As of a wild thing taken in the trap. Tennyson, Geraint. 2. A device for confining and suddenly releasing or tossing into the air objects to be shot at, as live pigeons or glass balls.
to form a water-seal to prevent the passage of connected. Traps are made in a great variety of shapes, air or gases through a pipe with which it is the aim being in all to cause a portion of liquid to lodge in a depression and form a seal. The most common forms are without valves. Air-pipes used in connection with traps (see the figures) not only conduct away foul gases, but prevent any regurgitation of gas through the water or siphoning out of the water-seal resulting from in pressure in which cocugeot pressure in the soil-pipe, such as sometimes causes the gas to pass the water-seal, while a very slight fall below atmospheric pressure causes the water to siphon over into the soil-pipe and thus destroy the seal. Various special forms are called gas-traps, grease-traps, etc. Also called trapping. 5. A piece of wood, somewhat in the shape of a shoe, hollowed at the heel, and moving on a pivot, in which the ball is placed in playing trap-ball; also, the game itself. See trap-ball.
York Plays, p. 381. Summe [hunters] fel in the fute, ther the fox bade, Traylez ofte a trayteres, bi traunt of her wyles. Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1700. tranter (trån'tèr), n. [Formerly also traunter; <trant +-er1.] An itinerant peddler; a carrier. Formerly also called ripper. [Prov. Eng.] Dick Dewy's father, Reuben, by vocation a tranter, or irregular carrier. T. Hardy, Under the Greenwood Tree, i. 2.
hinged so that upon the cord being pulled they collapse The traps are usually five in number, the sides being entirely, leaving the pigeon in the open. W. W. Greener, The Gun, p. 501. 3. A kind of fish-net used especially in Narragansett Bay, consisting of an oblong inclosure of netting on three sides and at the bottom, anchored securely by the side of the channel. Into this the fish enter, and, the bottom of the net being lifted to the surface at the open end, they are penned in and driven into a lateral inclosure, where they until needed.
= = trap1 (trap), n. [< ME. trappe, < AS. træppe, treppe MD. trappe = OHG. trappa, trapa, a snare, trap; cf. OF. trappe, a trap, pitfall, F. trappe, a trap-door, a pitfall, = Pr. trappa Sp. trampa = Pg. trapa It. dim. trappola, ML. trappa, trapa, a trap (< OHG.); connected with MHG. treppe, trappe, G. treppe, a flight of steps, stair, ladder, D. trap, a stair, etc., MD. Ď. MLG. G. trappen, tread: see trap2, trape, tramp. Hence ult. trapan.] 1. A contrivance, as a pitfall or some mechanical device that shuts suddenly, often by means of a spring, used for taking game and other animals. =
are 4. A double-curved pipe, or a U-shaped section of a pipe, with or without valves, serving
trant (trånt), v. i. [Formerly also traunt; < ME. tranten, MD. D. tranten, walk slowly.] 1. To walk; go about as a peddler. Compare 6. A trap-door. tranter. [Prov. Eng.]
Indeed, I have heard you are a precious gentleman, And in your younger [days] could play at trap well. Shirley, Hyde Park, ii. 4.
With that word he gan undon a trappe.
Crying out, Split my Wind Pipe, Sir, you are a Fool, and don't understand Trap, the whole World's a Cheat. Tom Brown, Works (ed. 1705). (Ashton.) trap1 (trap), v. ; pret. and pp. trapped, ppr. trapping. [ME. trappen (also in comp. bitrappen), MD. AS. *træppan (in comp. betræppan) trappen, trap; from the noun.] 1. trans. 1. To catch in a trap: as, to trap foxes or beaver. Mere vermin, worthy to be trapp'd. = Cowper, Task, ii. 683. 2. To insnare; take by stratagem: applied to persons.
He generally went out alone into the mountains, and would remain there trapping by himself for several months together, his lonely camps being often pitched in the vicinity of hostile savages. The Century, XLI. 771. as 2. To handle or work the trap in a shootingmatch.-3. To become stopped or impede steam through accumulation of condensed water in a low part of a horizontal pipe, or in a steam-radiator by the presence of air which cannot escape, or the flow of water through a siphon by accumulation of air in the upper part of the bend, etc. trap2 (trap), n. [< D. trap, a step, degree, MLG. trappe, treppe, G. treppe, a step, round of a ladder, Sw. trappa - Dan. trappe, a stair: see trap1 and wentletrap.] A kind of movable ladder or steps; a ladder leading up to a loft. Simmonds. [Rare in the singular.] = Chaucer, Troilus, iii. 741. traps (trap), n. [= G. trapp Dan. trap, Sw. trapp, trap (rock), so called (by Bergmann, a Swedish mineralogist) with ref. to the terraced or stair-like arrangement which may be observed in many of these rocks, trappa, a stair: see trap2.] In geol., any dark-colored rock having more or less of a columnar structure and apparently volcanic or eruptive in origin. It is the old and more or less metamorphosed eruptive rocks, and especially the various forms of basalt, which are most commonly thus designated. The name is a convenient one for use before the exact nature of the rock in question has been ascertained by microscopic examination.
Doun ye scholde fallen there, In a pyt syxty fadme deep: Therfore beware, and tak good keep! At the passyng ovyr the trappe. Richard Coer de Lion (Weber's Metr. Rom., II. 162). Traps under the stage so convenient that Ophelia could walk from her grave to her dressing-room with perfect J. Jefferson, Autobiog., iv. 7. Any small complicated structure, especially one that is out of order; a rickety thing: so called in contempt. Compare rattletrap. [Colloq.]-8. A carriage. [Colloq.] ease.
Florac's pleasure was to drive his Princess with four horses into Newcome. He called his carriage his trappe, his "drague." Thackeray, Newcomes, lvii. "I think you must make room for me inside the trap.' It is remarkable how much men despise close carriages, and what disrespectful epithets they invent for them. Jean Ingelow, Off the Skelligs, xx. 9. Any device or contrivance to betray one into speech or act, or to catch one unawares; an ambush; a stratagem. How will men then curse themselves for their own folly in being so easily tempted; and all those who laid traps and snares to betray them by? Stillingfleet, Sermons, I. xi. 10t. Contrivance; craft.
Some cunning persons that had found out his foible and ignorance of trap first put him in great fright. Roger North, Examen, p. 549. (Davies.) 11. A sheriff's officer, or a policeman. [Slang.] The traps have got him [for picking a pocket], and that's all about it. Dickens, Oliver Twist, xiii.
trap of two iron-toothed jaws, which close by means of a powerful steel spring when the animal disturbs the catch or tongue by which they are kept open. To be up to trapt, to understand trapt, to be very knowing or wide-awake. [Slang.]
Dick's always in trouble; .. ... there's a couple of traps in Belston after him now.
H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, vi. (Davies.) Figure-of-four trap. See figure.- Running trap. See running-trap. Smart as a steel trap. See smart1.Steel trap, a trap for catching wild animals, consisting
Nimrod (snatching Fortune by the tresses) Leaues hunting Beastes, and hunteth Men to trap. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., Babylon. 3. To capture (fish) by means of a trap or trap-net.-4. To put in a trap and release to be shot at, as pigeons or glass balls.—5. In plumbing, to furnish with a trap.
To trap the soil pipe before its entrance into the drain. The American, VII. 328. 6. Theat., to furnish (a stage) with the requisite traps for the plays to be performed. Saturday Rev., LXI. 20.-7. To stop and hold, as the shuttle of a loom in the warp, or gas, a liquid, heat, etc., by an obstruction or impervious or sealed inclosure, as in the case of liquids or gases, or by insulating substances, as with heat or electricity; specifically, to stop and hold by a trap for the purpose of removing, as air carried forward by or entangled in water flowing through pipes, etc., water deposited from compressed atmospheric air when cooled, or condensed from steam in the passage of the latter through pipes, or air from pipes or receptacles into or through which steam is to be passed. II. intrans. 1. To set traps for game: as, to trap for beaver.
The term Trap is an indefinite, and therefore sometimes a very convenient, term applied to eruptive rocks which cannot be identified in the field.
= = = Woodward, Geol. of Eng. and Wales (2d ed.), p. 562. Glassy trap. See sordavalite. trap4 (trap), n. [<ME. trappe, <OF.*trap, drap, F. drap Pr. drap Cat. drap Sp. Pg. trapo = It. drappo, ML. drappus, drapis, trappus, trapus, a cloth, a horse-cloth, trapping; prob. of Teut. origin; cf. drab2, drape.] 1†. A horse-cloth; an ornamental cloth or housing for a horse; ornamental harness; a trapping: usually in the plural.
trap A bat used in the game trap4 (trap), v. t.; pret. and pp. trapped, ppr. trap-bat (trap'bat), n. trap-door (trap'dor'), n. [<ME. trappe-dore; < trapl+door.] A door in a floor or roof which when shut is flush, or nearly so, with what sur- rounds it.
Duk Theseus leet forth three stedes bringe,
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 2032. But leave these relicks of his living might To deck his herce, and trap his tomb-blacke steed. Spenser, F. Q., II. viii. 16. Trap our shaggy thighs with bells. B. Jonson, Masque of Oberon. Their horses trapped in blue, with white crosses pow. dered on their hangings. Froude, Sketches, p. 175. Trapa (tra'pä), n. [NL. (Linnaeus, 1737), so called with ref. to the four spines of some species; abbr. of ML. calcitrapa, a caltrop: see caltrop.] A genus of polypetalous plants, of the order Onagraricæ. It is characterized by an ovary with two cells, each with an elongated ovule pen- dulous from the partition; and by રી nut-like spi- nescent fruit. There are 3, or as some esteemthem only 2 (or even 1), species, natives of tropical and subtropical parts of the Old World, and ex-
"Here at this secre trappe-dore," quod he. Chaucer, Troilus, iii. 759. Here is the Trap-door, the mouth of the rich mine, which We'l make bold to open. Brome, Queens Exchange, v.Trap-door spider, one of several different spiders of large size, mostly of the genus Cteniza, whose nest is a tube with hinged lid which opens and shuts like a trap-door. Dif- ferent spiders of this type construct their holes variously in size and shape, and with variable proportions of mud and cobweb, but the principle is the same with all. The trap-door arrange- ment is for their own hiding and security, not for the capture of Texan Trap-door Spider (Pachylome. rus carolinensis). their prey. tending to central trapel (trap), v. i.; pret. and pp. traped, ppr. traping. [Cf. D. MLG. G. trappen, tread, tramp: see trap1, trap2, trump. Cf. also trapes.] 1. To trail along in an untidy manner; walk care- lessly and sluttishly; run about idly; trapes. Europe. They are submerged, opposite, dissected, and 2. Winged root-like, the other a rosette of toothed rhombic leaves with inflated spongy petioles, floating on the surface. They bear axillary solitary whitish flowers with the parts in fours. The species are known as water-caltrop from I am to go traping with Lady Kerry and Mrs. Pratt to Swift. see sights all this day. 2. To trail on the ground. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.]trape2 (trāp), n. [Cf. trap1.] A pan, platter, Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.]Trapelus (trap'e-lus), n. [NL. (Cuvier), < Gr. Tрachós, easily turned, TрÉTEI, turn: see trope.] A genus of agamoid lizards, with the scales small and destitute of spines. They have no pores on the thighs. T. ægyptius is of small size, can puff out its body, and is remarkable for its changes of color. or dish. tains a single large seed with a sweet and edible emin starch and is composed of two unequal cotyledons and a radicle which perforates the apex of the fruit in germinating. T. natans, the bestknown species, native from central Africa to Germany and central Asia, often cultivated elsewhere, and now naturalized in Massachusetts in the Concord river, is known as water-chestnut or water-nut, sometimes as Jesu its' nut. Its seeds are ground and made into bread in trapes (traps), v. i. [Also traipse; an extension parts of the south of Europe. T. bicornis of China, there
1. Trapa bispinosa; a, a flower. fruit of T. bicornis.
Nothing but gins and snares and trapans for souls. South, Sermons, III. iv.
2. Same as trapanner. He had been from the beginning a spy and a trepan. Macaulay. trapan (tra-pan'), v. t.; pret. and pp. trapanned, ppr. trapanning. [Also, less prop., trepan; trapan, n.] To insnare; catch by stratagem. [Obsolete or archaic.]
My steed's trapan'd, my bridle's broken. Fire of Frendraught (Child's Ballads, VI. 179). Lest I might be trapan'd and sold as a Servant after my arrival in Jamaica. Dampier, Voyages, II. ii. 4. 'Tis strange, a fellow of his wit to be trepan'd into a marriage. Steele, Lying Lover, ii. 1. Cease your Funning; Force or Cunning Never shall my Heart trepan. Gay, Beggar's Opera, air xxxvii. trapanner (tra-pan ́ėr), n. [Also, less prop., trepanner; trapan + -er1.] One who trapans or insnares. The insinuations of that old pander and trapanner of souls. South, Sermons, VI. x.
trap-ball (trap'bâl), n. 1. An old game played by two or more persons with a ball, bat, and trap (see trap1, n., 5). By striking the end of the pivoted trap with the bat, the ball is driven some distance. The side or players out retire the striker by catching the batted ball on the fly or by bowling it to the trap from the place where it falls. · He that of feeble nerves and joints complains From nine-pins, coits, and from trap-ball abstains. W. King, Art of Cookery, 1. 478. Trap-ball is anterior to cricket, and probably coeval with most of the early games played with the bat and ball; we trace it as far back as the commencement of the fourteenth century. Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 176. 2. The ball used in the game of trap-ball. He went in and out of Hawk's Gully like a trapball, and was in Springfield "in less than no time." A. B. Longstreet, Georgia Scenes, p. 116.
The daughter, a tall, trapesing, trolloping, talkative may. pole. Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer, i. 2. How am I to go trapesing to Kensington in my yellow satin sack before all the fine company?
Thackeray, Henry Esmond, ii. 15. trapes (trāps), n. [Also traipse: see trapes, v.] 1. A slattern; an idle, sluttish woman; a jade. From door to door I'd sooner whine and beg. Than marry such a trapes. Gay, What d'ye call it? i. 1. 2. A going about; a tramp. It's such a toil and a trapes up them two pair of stairs. Mrs. Henry Wood, The Channings, lix. trapezate (trap'ē-zāt), a. [< trapezium +-ate1.] Trapeziform. trapeze (tra-pēz'), n. [< F. trapèze=Sp. trape- cio Pg. trapezio, < L. trapezium, ‹ Gr. τраñεSI- ov, a trapezium: see trapezium.] 1. A trapezi- um.-2. In gymnastics, a swing consisting of one or more cross-bars, each suspended by two cords at some distance from the ground, on which various exercises or feats of strength and agility are performed. trapezia, n. Latin plural of trapezium. trapezial (tra-pē'zial), a. [< trapezius + -al.] In anat., pertaining to the trapezius: as, trape- zial fibers or action. trapezian (tra-pē'zian), a. [< trapezium + -an.] In crystal., having the lateral planes composed of trapeziums situated in two ranges between two bases. trapeziform (tra-pēʼzi-fôrm), a. [= F. trapé- ziforme, L. trapezium, trapezium, + forma, form.] 1. Having the shape of a trapezium.- 2. In zool., trapezoidal. [A rare and incorrect use.]
2. In anat.: (a) A cross-band of fibers near the lower border of the pons Varolii, passing from the region of the accessory auditory nucleus to the raphe. They may come, in part, down from the cerebellum or up from the restiform body, as well as from the region mentioned, and seem to terminate in the superior olive of the same side, or in the superior olive, the lemniscus, and accessory auditory nucleus of the opposite side. A group of large-sized ganglion-cells among the fibers is called the nucleus trapezii. Also called corpus trapezoi des. (b) The bone on the radial side of the distal row of carpal bones, articulating with the metacarpal bone of the thumb; carpale I. of the typical carpus, whatever its actual shape. Also called multangulum majus. See cuts under Perissodactyla, scapholunar, and hand. - Nucleus trapezii. See def. 2 (a).- Oblique ridge of the trapezium. See oblique.
trapezius (tra-pē'zi-us), n.; pl. trapezii (-ī). [NL. (sc. musculus), <L. trapezium, q.v.] Alarge superficial muscle of the back of the neck and adjacent parts. It arises from the external occipital protuberance, the inner third of the superior curved line of the occipital bone, the ligamentum nuchre and the spines of the last cervical and of all the thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted into the outer third of the clavicle and the acromion and spine of the scapula. Each trapezius is triangular, and with its fellow of the opposite side forms a somewhat diamond-shaped figure, little like the trapezium of geometry. Also called cucullaris and cowl-muscle or shawl-muscle. See cut under muscle1.
nouns. trapezohedral (tra-pē-zō-he'dral), a. [< trape- Gr. Tрánεla, a table, a trapezium base, + dpa, a seat, side.] 1. In crystal., a solid belonging to the isometric system, bounded by twenty-four equal and similar trapezoi- dal planes; a tetragonal trisoctahedron. - 2. Any solid having trapezoidal faces, as the trigonal tra- pezohedron of a quartz crystal. See tetartohe- drism.
Tetragonal Trisoctahedron, or Trapezohedron.
Also trapezihedron. trapezoid (tra-pē'zoid), a. and n. [= F. trapézoïde = Sp. trapezoide (NL. trapezoides, as a noun also trapezoideum), < Gr. Tрañεloεidns, < τрáжεšα, table, + eidos, form.] I. a. Having the shape of a trapezoid. See II., 1. Segments much compressed, trapezoid. H. C. Wood, Fresh-Water Algo, p. 158. Trapezoid bone. See II., 2.-Trapezoid ligament. See ligament.-Trapezoid line. See line2. II. n. 1. In geom., a plane four-sided figure having two of its opposite sides parallel, and the other two not SO.- -2. In anat. and zoöl., the trapezoid bone, one of the bones of the wrist, so called from its Trapezoid, I. shape; the second one of the distal row of carpal bones, on the radial or thumb side, between the trapezium and the magnum, in special relation with the head of the second metacarpal bone; carpale II. of the typical carpus. Also called multangulum minus, and trapezoides, trapezoideum. See cuts under Artiodactyla, pisiform, hand, and scapho lunar.
Waterhouse. trapezoidal (trap-e-zoi'dal), a. [< trapezoid + -al.] 1. Having the form of a trapezoid: as, the trapezoidal bone or ligament (in anatomy). The form of each vaulting compartment of an apsidal aisle is, of course, trapezoidal. The mentum is trapeziform. C. H. Moore, Gothic Architecture, p. 100. Trapeziform map-projection. See projection. 2. In crystal., having the surface composed of trapezihedron (tra-pē-zi-he'dron), n. Same as twenty-four trapeziums, all equal and similar. trapezohedron. -Trapezoidal wall. See wall1. trapezii, n. Plural of trapezius. trapezoides, trapezoideum (trap-e-zoi'dēz, trapezium (trā-pēʼzi-um), n.; pl. trapezia, tra- -de-um), n. [NL.: see trapezoid.] In anat., peziums (-a, -umz). [< L. trapezium, Gr. Tpа- same as trapezoid. Cov, a table or counter, a trapezium (so called trapezoidiform (trap-e-zoi'di-fôrm), a. [< NL. as being four-sided like such a table), dim. of trapezoides, trapezoid, + L. forma, form.] In трáñεšα, a table (so called as having four feet entom., noting an extended body, as a joint of
trapezoidiform an antenna, the cross-section of which is everywhere a trapezoid. = trapezophoron (trap-e-zof'o-ron), n. trapfall (trap'fâl), n. A trap-door so made as to give way beneath the feet, and cause a per- son to fall through.
For on Bridge he custometh to fight, Which is but narrow, but exceeding long; And in the same are many trap-fals pight, Through which the rider downe doth fall through oversight. Spenser, F. Q., V. ii. 7. trap-fisher (trap'fish"ėr), n. One who fishes with a trap or trap-net.
trap-hole (trap'hōl), n. 1. A hole closed by a
"You ... "} "A hunter, I reckon?" the other continued. are mistaken, friend, in calling me a hunter; I am nothing better than a trapper. "I see but little difference whether a man gets his peltry by the rifle or by the trap," said the ill-looking companion of the emigrant. J. F. Cooper, The Prairie, ii.
2. A trap-fisher. [Rhode Island.]-3. In mining, a boy or girl in a coal-mine who opens the air-doors of the galleries for the passage of the coal-wagons.-4. A horse for use in a trap. [Colloq.] Sound and shapely half-bred horses, ponies, nags, trappers, hacks, chargers, harness-horses, and hunters. St. James's Gazette, Feb. 2, 1887. (Encyc. Dict.) trapper2+ (trap ́ér), n. [<ME. trapper, trappar, trappour, trappure, OF. *trappeure,< ML. trappatura, trappings, housing, <*trappare, cover with trappings: see trap, v.] The housing and defensive armor of a horse, especially of a horse caparisoned for a just or tournament: generally in the plural. Compare bard2.
The sheeldes brighte, testers and trappures. Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1641. Item, j. pece of skarlot for trappars for horsys, with rede crossis and rosys. Paston Letters, I. 477. Sundrie kindes of precious stones, and perles wherewith ye trappers, barbes, and other furnitures of his horse are couered. R. Eden, tr. of Sebastian Munster (First Books [on America, ed. Arber, p. 15). trappiness (trap'i-nes), n. The property, state, or condition of being trappy; treacherousness. [Colloq.]
Once over this there were broad pastures and large banks and ditches, innocent of trappiness for the most part, before the riders. The Field, Dec. 26, 1885. (Encyc. Dict.) trapping (trap'ing), n. [Verbal n. of trap1, v.] 1. The art, business, or method of a trapper, in any sense.
Trapping has been there so long carried on that inheritance may have come into play. Darwin, Descent of Man, I. 48. 2. In drainage: (a) The process of furnishing with a trap or traps. Fever could be traced to the neglect of the most obvious precautions in the trapping and ventilation of drains. Lancet, 1839, I. 44. (b) Same as trap1, 4; also, traps collectively. The defects in drainage arrangements, such as want of proper trappings, . were very numerous. Lancet, 1890, II. 1125. 3. The cutting of a brilliant in the form known as trap-brilliant. See brilliant. The trap cut, or trapping as it is called by lapidaries, consists of parallel planes nearly rectangular, arranged around the contour of the stone. O. Byrne, Artisan's Handbook, p. 217. [Verbal n. of trap4, trapping2 (trap'ing), n. v.] The housing or harness of a horse, when somewhat ornamental in character; hence, external ornamentation, as of dress: generally in the plural.
6443 Caparisons and steeds, Bases and tinsel trappings. Milton, P. L., ix. 36. =Syn. Accoutrements, equipments, paraphernalia, gear, decorations, frippery.
trapping-attachment (trap'ing-a-tach"ment), Trappist (trap'ist), n. and a. [< F. Trappiste, so called from the abbey of La Trappe in France: see def.] I. n. 1. A member of a monastic body, a branch of the Cistercian order. It is named from the village of Soligny-la-Trappe, in the department of Orne, France, where the abbey of La Trappe was founded in 1140 by Rotrou, Count of Perche. The abbey soon fell into decay, and was governed for many years by titular or commendatory abbots. De Rancé (1626-1700), who had been commendatory abbot of La Trappe from his boyhood, became its actual abbot in 1664, and thoroughly reformed and reorganized the order. The rules of the order are noted for their extreme austerity, and inculcate extended fasts, severe manual labor, almost perpetual silence, ab- stinence from flesh, fish, etc., and rigorous asceticism in general. The order was repressed in France during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods. There are branch monasteries in France, Belgium, Great Britain, Italy, etc., and two in the United States (Abbey of Gethsemane, Ken- tucky, and Melleray, Iowa). 2. [l. c.] In ornith., a South American puff-bird book-names, given from the somber plumage, nun-bird.
We may be said to want the gilt and trappings,
The workers of past centuries used to crush the ore in
Round North Berwick trap-rocks rise in all directions. Harper's Mag., LXXIX. 790. traps (traps), n. pl. See trap4, 2. trap-seine (trap'sān), n. A trap-net specially adapted to take fish working down an eddy. [Rhode Island.] trap-stair (trap'star), n. A narrow staircase, stick.
The last time he was in the field, a boy of seven years old beat him with a trap-stick. Shirley, The Wedding, iii. 2. These had made a foolish swop between a couple of thick bandy legs and two long trapsticks that had no calves. Addison, Spectator, No. 560.
II. a. Of or pertaining to the Trappists. trappoid (trap'oid), a. [trap3 (trapp) + oid.] Resembling trap; having more or less the character of a trappean rock.
2. The cross-bar connecting the body of a cart with the shafts. Halliwell, [Prov. Eng.] trap-tree (trap'tre), n. The jack-tree: so called because it furnishes a glutinous gum used as bird-lime. In some parts of the East the fiber of the bark is used for fishing-lines, cordage, and nets.
trash-ice i kras, break to pieces); connected (by the change of initial kr-to tr-, seen also in Icel. trani Sw. trana = Dan. trane, as compared with E. cranel) with Sw. krasa Dan. krase, break, crash: see crash1, craze; cf. Sw. krossa, bruise, crush, crash. Trash thus means 'broken bits of wood,' etc. The forms and senses are more or less confused.] 1. Something broken, snapped, or lopped off; broken or torn bits, as Compare twigs, splinters, rags, and the like. cane-trash and trash-ice.
trap-tuff (trap'tuf), n. In geol., a tuff composed trap-weir (trap'wer), n. A trap-net. traset, n. A Middle English form of trace1. [Prob. a dial. form of *trass trash1 (trash), n. (cf. Orkney truss, E. dial. trous), < Icel. tros (cf. trassi, a slovenly fellow, trassa, be sloven- ly) Norw. tros, fallen twigs, broken branches, leaves and twigs used as fuel, = Sw. trâs, a heap of sticks, old useless bits of fencing, also a worthless fellow (trasa, dial. trase, a rag, tat- ter); dial. tras, pieces (slå i tras, equiv. to slå
How will he giue wood to the hospitall, that warmes himselfe by the trash of strawe? Guevara, Letters (tr. by Hellowes, 1577), p. 255.
Faggots to be every stick of three feet in length; this to prevent the abuse of filling the middle part and ends with trash and short sticks. Evelyn, Sylva, iii. 4.
About 10 P. M. the immediate danger was past; and, espying a lead to the northeast, we got under weigh, and pushed over in spite of the drifting trash [broken ice]. Kane, Sec. Grinn. Exp., I. 37. He keep on totin' off trash en pilin' up bresh. J. C. Harris, Uncle Remus, xvi. 2. Hence, waste; refuse; rubbish; dross; that which is worthless or useless.
Counters, braslettes, and garlandes of glass and counterfecte stoones, with suche other trashe, which seemed vnto them precious marchaundies. Peter Martyr (tr. in Eden's First Books on America, [ed. Arber, p. 150). Trin. Look what a wardrobe is here for thee! Cal. Let it alone, thou fool; it is but trash. Shak., Tempest, iv. 1. 223.He who can accept of Legends for good story may quick- Milton, Hist. Eng., iii.The sort o' trash a feller gits to eat doos beat all nater. Lowell, Biglow Papers, 1st ser., ii.
trappourt, n. See trapper2. trappous, trappose (trap'us, -ōs), a. [<trap3 (trapp) +-ous.] Trappean. Imp. Dict. Trapp's formula. Same as formula of Christi- son (which see, under formula). trappuret, n. See trapper2. trappy (trap'i), a. [<trap1 +-y1.] Of the na- trash1 (trash), v. t. [Cf. trash1, n.] To free ture of a trap; treacherous. [Colloq.] from superfluous twigs or branches; lop; crop: as, to trash trees. The fences might have increased in size, however, with- out being made trappy. Daily Telegraph, Nov. 13, 1882. (Encyc. Dict.) trap-rock (trap'rok), n. A rock consisting of trap; trap.
3t. Money. [Cant.] is no friend without mony. Therefore must I bid him prouide trash, for my maister
4. I had rather coin my heart, Gentlemen all, I do suspect this trash [a courtezan] To be a party in this injury. Shak., Othello, v. 1. 85. Cane trash. See cane-trash.-Poppy trash, coarsely powdered leaves, stalks, etc., of the poppy-plant, in which balls of opium are rolled and packed for transportation. White trash, poor white trash, the poor and low white population of the Southern States. [Southern U. S.] Tain't no use, honey; you don't 'pear to take no int'res' in yer own kith and kin, no more dan or'nary white trash. The Atlantic, XVIII. 84.
trash2 (trash), v. [A dial. var. of thrash, thresh; in part perhaps also a var. of crash1 (cf. trash1 as ult. related to crash1).] I. trans. To wear out; beat down; crush; harass; maltreat; jade. Being naturally of a spare and thin body, and thus restlessly trashing it out with reading, writing, preaching, and travelling, he hastened his death. Life of Bp. Jewell (1685). II. intrans. To tramp and shuffle about. I still trashed and trotted for other men's causes. Middleton, Trick to Catch the Old One, i. 4. trash3 (trash), n. [Perhaps ult. a var. of trace2 (ME. trais, trays, etc.).], 1. A clog; anything fastened to a dog or other animal to keep it from ranging widely, straying, leaping fences, or the like.
Your huntsmans lodging, wherin hee shall also keep his cooples, liams, collars, trashes, boxes. Markham, Countrey Contentment (1615), i. 1. Hence-2. A clog or encumbrance, in a metaphorical sense. trash3 (trash), v. t. [< trash3, n.] To hold back by a leash, halter, or leaded collar, as a dog in pursuing game; hence, to retard; clog; encumber; hinder.
Without the most furious haste on the part of the Kalmucks, there was not a chance for them, burdened and trashed as they were, to anticipate so agile and light cav alry as the Cossacks in seizing this important pass. De Quincey, Flight of a Tartar Tribe. To trash a trail, to destroy the scent by taking to water: a stratagem practised both by game and by man when pursued. [Western U. S.] trashery (trash'er-i), n. [< trash1 + -ery.] Trash; rubbish; odds and ends.
Who comes in foreign trashery Scott, Bridal of Triermain, ii.
trashily trashily (trash'i-li), adv. In a trashy manner. trashiness (trash'i-nes), n. The state or property of being trashy. trashtrie (trash'tri), n. [< trash1 + -trie, -try, for-ry. Cf. trashery.] Trash; worthless stuff. Wi' sauce, ragouts, and sic like trashtrie. Burns, The Twa Dogs. trashy (trash'i), a. [< trash1 +-y1.] Composed of or resembling trash, rubbish, or dross; waste; worthless; useless. I am now buying books; not trashy books which will only bear one reading, but good books for a library. Macaulay, in Trevelyan, I. 314. Traskite (tråsk ́īt), n. [Trask (see def.) + -ite2.] An early name of the Seventh-Day Baptists, from John Trask, one of their leaders in England in the seventeenth century. See Bap
tist. trass (tras), n. [< G. dial. trass = D. tras (tiras, tieras) = E. terrace2, q. v.] An earthy or more or less compact rock, made up in large part of firmly comminuted pumice or other volcanic material. It is of a pale-yellow or grayish color, and rough to the feel. Trass closely resembles pozzuolana, and like that is extensively used for hydraulic cement, especially by the Dutch engineers. It is largely quarried for that purpose along the Rhine, between Mainz and Cologne. Also terras. See tuff3. trasset, trasshet, v. Middle English forms of traise.
trast1t. An obsolete form of the past participle of trace. Spenser. trast2, n. A Scotch form of trest2. trasyt, n. A spaniel.
A Trasy I do keep, whereby I please The more my rurall privacie.
Herrick, Hesperides, Hi Grange. tratt (trat), n. [ME. tratte, trate. Cf. trot2.] An old woman; a witch: a term of contempt. Tho tvo trattes that William wold haue traysted [deceived]. William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4769. Thus said Dido, and the tothir with that Hyit on furth with slaw pase lik ane trat. Gavin Douglas, tr. of Virgil, p. 122. trattle (trat'l), v. i.; pret. and pp. trattled, ppr. trattling. [An irreg. var. of tattle, twattle.] To chatter; gabble. [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] Styll she must trattle; that tunge is alwayes sterynge. Bp. Bale, Kynge Johan (ed. Collier), p. 73. Keep thy clattering toung, That trattles in thy head. Earl Richard (Child's Ballads, III. 4). trattoria (trȧt-to-rē ́ä), n. [It.] eating-house; a cook-shop. He heard, though he did not prove this by experiment, that the master of a certain trattoria had studied the dough-nut of New England till he had actually surpassed the original in the qualities that have undermined our digestion as a people. W. D. Howells, Indian Summer, p. 117. Traube-Hering curves. Variations in the tracing of arterial pressure, probably due to the rhythmical action of the vasomotor center alternately contracting and dilating the small blood-vessels, thus influencing the peripheral resistance.
trauchle, v. t. See trachle. traulism+ (trâ lizm), n. [< Gr. тpavλouós, a lisping, Tpavice, lisp, <rpavλós, lisping, mispronouncing.] A stammering. As for ae ae ae &c., I know not what other censure to pass on them but that they are childish and ridiculous traulisms.
Dalgarno, Deaf and Dumb Man's Tutor (1680), p. 132. traul-nett, n. Another spelling of trawl-net. See trawl, 2. trauma (tra′mã), n. [NL., < Gr. τрavua, Ionic Tрaua, wound, rpwew, pierce.] 1. An abnormal condition of the living body produced by external violence, as distinguished from that produced by poisons, zymotic infection, bad habits, and other less evident causes; traumatism; an accidental wound, as distinguished from one caused by the surgeon's knife in an operation. -2. External violence producing bodily injury; the act of wounding, or infliction of a wound.
6444 traumaticin (trâ-matʼi-sin), n. [< traumatic + -in2.] A 10 per-cent. solution of gutta-percha in chloroform, employed like collodion to promote union of the edges of a wound. traumatism (trâ'ma-tizm), n. [= F. traumatisme, Gr. pavμa(7-), wound (see traumatic), +-ism.] Any morbid condition produced by wounds or other external violence; trauma. traumatopnoea (trâ"ma-top-ne'ä), n. [NL., <Gr. Tрavμa(T-), a wound, Tvon for Avon, breath, veiv, blow, breathe.] Respiratory bubbling of air through a wound in the chest. trauncet, n. An obsolete form of trancel, trance2. traunch†, v. An obsolete form of trench. trauntt, trauntert. See trant, tranter. Trautvetteria (trât-ve-tēʼri-ä), n. [NL. (Fischer and Meyer, 1835), named after E. R. Trautvetter, professor of botany at Kieff, Russia.] A genus of plants, of the order Ranunculaceæ and tribe Ranunculeæ, distinguished from the type, Ranunculus, by the absence of petals. danger better than travail. The only species, T. palmata, the false bugbane, is a perennial herb, a native of North America and Japan, bearing a few palmately lobed leaves, and numerous small white flowers in a corymbose panicle. Compare bugbane. travaill (trav'al), n. [An earlier form of travel, now differentiated in a particular use (def. 2): see travel, n.] 1+. Labor; toil; travel: same as travel, 1.-2. Labor in childbed; parturition. [Archaic.] twins were in In the time of her travail, behold, her womb. Gen. xxxviii. 27.
After this thy travel sore, Sweet rest seize thee evermore. Milton, Epitaph on Marchioness of Winchester. travail1 (trav'al), v. i. [As with the noun, an earlier form of travel, now differentiated in a particular use (def. 2): see travel, v.] 1†. To labor; toil; travel: same as travel, 1.-2. To birth; be parturient. [Archaic.] labor in childbed; suffer the pangs of child
Travail, as used by the Sioux Indians. and northwest, for the conveyance of goods or of sick or wounded persons. It consists of a rude litter made of two lodge-poles about 16 feet long, having dle, the other end trailing on the ground. A kind of sack one end of each pole attached on each side to a pack-sador bag is then made by lashing canvas or lodge-skins to the cross-bars, for the reception of the goods or the sick or wounded person. Also called travois, travee.
In a month "Richard 's himself again," ready to fly over the grassy sward with his savage master, or to drag the travaux and pack the buxom squaw. The Century, XXXVII. 339.
See travelous. travailert, n. An old spelling of traveler. travailoust, a. travale (tra-val'), n. In tambourine-playing, an effect produced by rubbing the wetted finger across the head of the instrument. The double travale is simply the same effect made twice as rapidly as usual. trave (trāv), n. [Early mod. E. also treve; < ME. trave, OF. traf, tref, trief, a cross-beam, a brake, shackle, = Pr. trau = Sp. trabe, traba = Pg. trava, trave It. trave, < L. trabs, trabis, a beam. Hence ult. travail1, travel.] 1. A crossbeam; a beam or timber-work crossing a build =
= travel travee (tra-vē ́), n. Same as travail2. travel (trav'el), n. [Formerly also travail (still retained archaically in one sense); <ME. travel, travail, travayl, traveile, traveyle, OF. travail, F. travail, labor, toil, work, trouble, a brake, shackle, Pr. trabalh, treball, trebail Sp. trabajo Pg. trabalho It. travaglio (trabajo), an obstacle, impediment, OIt. travaglio, pen for cattle, ox-stall, <_ML. *travaculum, *trabaculum (also, after Rom., trabale, travallum), a brake, shackle, impediment, <*travare,* trabare (> Pr. travar = F. en-traver), impede, hinder, shackle, fetter, < L. trabs, a beam: see trave. Cf. embarrass, as connected with bar1.] 1+. Labor; toil; effort. =
No, that relyques of the stones of the place there our Lady was borne is remedy and consolacion to women that trauayll of childe. Sir R. Guylforde, Pylgrymage, p. 30. And when she heard the tidings. ... she bowed herself and travailed; for her pains came upon her. 1 Sam. iv. 19. Queen Jeanie travel'd six weeks and more, Till women and midwives had quite gi'en her o'er. Queen Jeanie (Child's Ballads, VII. 75). travail2 (F. pron. tra-vay'), n.; F. pl. travaux (tra-vō'). [< F. travail, a brake, trave, < ML. *trabaculum (also, after Rom., trabale, traval- 4. Progress; going; movement. An Italian lum), a brake, shackle: see travel, n.] A means of transportation, commonly used by North American Indians and voyageurs of the north
traumatic (trâ-matʼik), a. and n. [= F. trau- II. n. A medicine useful in the cure of wounds. traumatically (trâ-matʼi-kal-i), adv. In a traumatic manner.
The Ceilings and Traves are, after the Turkish manner, richly Painted and Guilded. 2. A kind of shackle for a horse that is being Maundrell, Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 125. taught to amble or pace. She sproong as colt doth in the trave. Chaucer, Miller's Tale, 1. 96. Also travis. travet (trāv), v. t. [< ME. traven; < trave, n.] To cross; thwart; run counter to. This traytoure traues vs alway. York Plays, p. 381.
Ine huet [what] trauail he heth yleued, hou he heth his time uorlore [wasted].
Ayenbite of Inwyt (E. E. T. S.), p. 130. He was wery for travele of yevinge of strokes and receivinge. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 629. Generally all warlike people are a little idle, and love
Bacon, True Greatness of Kingdoms (ed. 1887). I am grieved for you That any chance of mine should thus defeat Your (I must needs say) most deserving travails. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 1. Who having never before eyed me, but only heard the common report of my virtue, learning, and travel. B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, iv. 1. 2. The act of traveling or journeying; particularly, a journeying to distant countries: as, he is much improved by travel; he started on his travels.
Travel, in the younger sort, is a part of education; in the elder, a part of experience. Bacon, Travel (ed. 1887). I cannot rest from travel; I will drink Life to the lees. Tennyson, Ulysses. When travel has become a memory, all the richness of it rises to the surface like cream. C. W. Stoddard, Mashallah, p. 204. 3. pl. An account of occurrences and observations made during a journey; a book that relates one's experiences in traveling: as, travels in Italy: formerly in the singular.
The Voiage and Travaile of Sir John Maundevile, Kt., which treateth of the way to Hierusalem, and of Marvayles of Inde. Mandeville, Travels, Title.
Histories engage the soul by a variety of sensible Occurrences; . voyages and travels, and accounts of strange countries, . will assist in this work [of fixing the attention]. Watts, Improvement of Mind, i. 15.
Thus thou mayest, in two or three hours' travel over a few leaves, see and know that which cost him that writ it years, and travel over sea and land, before he knew it. W. Wood, quoted in Tyler's Amer. Lit., I. 172. The more the variety of characters is multiplied, the more travel of the compositor's hand over the cases is necessary for picking them up, and by so much is the speed of his work retarded. Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 701. 5. In mech., the length of stroke of any moving part: as, the travel of the bed of a planer; the travel of a pendulum. Also called excursion.
The travel of each valve is 5 in., and can be varied by means of slotted levers on the reversing shaft. The Engineer, LXV. 388. The great fault of this gun [a central-fire hammerless gun] is the difficulty in manipulating it, on account of the enormous travel required by the lever. W. W. Greener, The Gun, p. 325. 6. The passage or concourse of travelers; persons traveling: as, the travel was very heavy on outgoing trains and boats. [Colloq.1-7. Labor in childbirth. See travail1, 2. [Archaic.] =Syn. 2. Voyage, Tour, etc. See journey. travel (travel), v.; pret. and pp. traveled, travelled, ppr. traveling, travelling. [Formerly also travail (still retained archaically in one sense); OF. travailler, F. travailler <ME. travelen, travaillen, travayllen, traveylen, =Pr. trebalhar, trebailhar = Sp. trabajar, trabalhar Pg. trabalhar It. travagliare, labor, toil, etc.; from the noun.] I. intrans. 1t. To labor; toil. = According as it was committed unto us, we have diligently travailed in this present visitation of the univer sity. Quoted in J. Bradford's Works (Parker Soc., 1853), II. 369. If we labour to maintain truth and reason, let not any think that we travel about a matter not needful. Hooker.
2. To pass or make a journey from place to place, whether on foot, on horseback, or in any conveyance, as a carriage or a ship; go to or travel for health or for pleasure. visit distant or foreign places; journey: as, to For the Marchauntes come not thidre so comounly for to bye Marchandises as thei don in the Lond of the gret Chane; for it is to fer to travaylle to. Mandeville, Travels, p. 270. A wench That travels with her buttermilk to market Between two dorsers. Shirley and Chapman, The Ball, iv.
travel How difficult it was to travel where no license made it safe, where no preparations in roads, inns, carriages, made it convenient. De Quincey, Style, ii. 3. Specifically, to make a journey or go about from place to place for the purpose of taking orders for goods, collecting accounts, etc., for a commercial house.
Brown Brothers, of Snow Hill, were substantial people, and Mr. Snengkeld travelled in strict accordance with the good old rules of trade. Trollope, Orley Farm, ix. 4. In mech., to traverse; move over a fixed distance, as a movable part of a machine. See travel, n., 5.-5. To proceed or advance in any way; pass from one point to another; move; wander: as, his eye traveled over the landscape; also, to move at a specified gait, pace, or rate: as, that horse travels wide.
Time travels in divers paces with divers persons. Shak., As you Like it, iii. 2. 326. News travelled with increase from mouth to mouth. Pope, Temple of Fame, 1. 474. The home manufacture of gas. is a part of the inventor's scheme which does not entirely depend for success upon the power of gas to travel. Ure, Dict., II. 538. 6. To walk. [Colloq.]-7. To move onward in feeding; browse from one point to another: said of deer, etc.
If the deer is travelling, as it is called, one has to walk much faster, and scan the ground as best he can. Sportsman's Gazetteer, p. 88. To sue, labor, and travel. See sue1.-To travel bodkin. See bodkin1.-To travel dak. See dak.- To travel out of the record, to stray from the point, or from the prescribed or authorized line of discussion.
essence. If a man be traueylid with a feend, and may not be delyuerid fro him, lete him drinke a litil quantite of oure 5 Book of Quinte Essence (ed. Furnivall), p. 19. Such a distemper as travailed me at Paris: a fever, and dysentery. Donne, Letters, xxxvii. As if all these troubles had not been sufficient to travail the realm, a great division fell among the nobility. Hayward. (Johnson.) 2. To journey through; pass over; make the tour of: as, to travel the whole kingdom of England. These, and a thousand more such sleights, have hypocrisie learned by trauailing strange countries. Nashe, Pierce Penilesse, p. 68. He had New and the Middle States, as a pedler, in the employment of a Connecticut manufactory of cologne-water and other essences. Hawthorne, Seven Gables, xii. 3. To cause or force to journey, or move from place to place.
They [the corporations] shall not be travelled forth of their own franchises. Spenser, State of Ireland. Their horses are but smal, but very swift & hard; they trauell them vnshod both winter and Sommer. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 479. Landholders, most of whom are owners of sheep which have to be travelled twice a year.
W. Shepherd, Prairie Experiences, p. 152. traveled, travelled (trav'eld), p. a. [Pp. of travel, v.] 1+. Harassed; tormented; fretted. It is here to be understoode, euerie yoke naturally to bee heauie, sharpe, harde, and painefull: and the beast that draweth the same goeth bound and trauelled. Guevara, Letters (tr. by Hellowes, 1577), p. 47. 2. Worked over; turned up with the spade; tilled.
"It's travelled earth, that," said Edie; "it howks sae eithly. I ken it weel, for ance I wrought a simmer wi' auld Will Winnett, the bedral, and howkit mair graves than ane in my day." Scott, Antiquary, xxiii. 3. Having made journeys; having gone, or having been carried, to distant points or countries: as, traveled Madeira is highly prized.
From Latian syrens, French Circæan feasts, Or people left him to exhaust. Whittier, Tent on the Beach. traveler, traveller (travel-ér), n. [<ME. trav- aillour, OF. travailleur, F. travailleur, a labor- er, toiler, < travailler, labor: see travel.] 1†. A toiler; laborer; worker.
6445 It is therefore no smal benefite that suche persones dooe traveling-cabinet (trav'el-ing-kab"i-net), n. A small chest of drawers, of which the drawers traveling-cap (trav'el-ing-kap), n. A soft capof a form convenient for travelers. A traveling-carriage (trav ́el-ing-kar”āj), n. large and heavy four-wheeled carriage, fitted with imperials and a rumble, and used for journeys before the introduction of railways.
2. One who or that which travels in any way;
John Kenneby had at last got into the house of Trollope, Orley Farm, xxiv. er. 5. Same as swagman, 2. [Australia.]-6. That which travels or traverses. Specifically-(a) Naut.: (1) An iron ring or thimble fitted to traverse freely on a rope, spar, or metal rod, and used for various purposes on shipboard. (2) A rod fastened to the deck on which a thimble carrying the sheet of a fore-and-aft sail may traveloust (trav'el-us), a. slide from side to side of the vessel, or a rod or rope up and down a mast along which a yard may slide. (b) A crab on a long beam moving on wheels on an elevated track in a stone-yard, workshop, etc. It is often used II. trans. 1t. To harass; trouble; plague; weights, and is a device of the nature of the traveling with a differential pulley for raising and moving heavy I have travelled out of the record, sir, I am aware, in putting the point to you. Dickens, Little Dorrit, ii. 28. Traveling-apron oven. See oven. torment. crane. See third cut under pulley. (c) In ring-spinning,
O traveller, stay thy weary feet, Longfellow, Inscription on Drinking Fountain at Shank. [lin, Isle of Wight.
3. One who journeys to foreign lands; one who visits strange countries and people.
When a traveller returneth home, let him not leave the 4. A person who travels for a mercantile firm to solicit orders for goods, collect accounts, and the like. Also called commercial traveler, and formerly rider.
"I'd rather see you dead than brought to such a dilemma." "Mayhap thou wouldst," answered the uncle; "for then, my lad, there would be some picking; aha! dost thou tip me the traveller, my boy?"
Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, vi. (Davies.) Traveler's hut, the quarters provided on every Australian station for persons traveling on the road who are not of a class to be asked to the squatter's house, such as stockmen and swagmen. [Australia.]
traveler's-joy (trav'el-érz-joi), n. The virgin's- orous species, with a woody stem sometimes as thick as the summer-blanch'd, One [cottage], Was parcel-bearded with the traveler's-joy In Autumu, parcel ivy-clad.
Tennyson, Aylmer's Field. traveler's-tree (trav'el-érz-trē), n. A tree of Madagascar, Ravenala Madagascariensis: thus named as furnishing drink from its hollow leaftraveling, travelling (trav'el-ing), n. [Verbal n. of travel, v.] 1t. The act of laboring; labor; toil. stalks. See Ravenala.
He... wolde ich reneyede begging
A Lucy and Mr. Talboys cantered gaily along; Mr. Fountain rolled after in a phaeton; the travelling-carriage came last. C. Reade, Love me Little, x. traveling-chest (trav'el-ing-chest), n. A coffer or large box, often richly decorated, made for containing personal property on a journey. traveling-couvert (trav'el-ing-kö-vār′), n. set of table utensils, as knife, fork, spoon, and drinking-cup, made to pack closely, for use in traveling. The longer articles were sometimes made so as to separate into two parts, or with hinges by which they could be closed together for convenience in packing. traveling-dress (trav'el-ing-dres), n. A dress of plain and serviceable material and commodious fit, to be worn in traveling. The darker mélanges are made into travelling and beach dresses and long wraps for summer jaunts. New York Evening Post, April 25, 1891.
In travelling by land there is a continuity of scene, and 3. Motion of any kind; change of place; pas- sage. The mains in the streets are nearly five miles in length, Itinerant; peddling. By and by there's the travelling doctor gives pills, lets backstay.-Traveling elder. See elder1, 5 (c).-Travel- ing forge, gauntree, post-office, etc. See the nouns. traveling-bag (trav'el-ing-bag), n. A bag or wallet, usually of leather, for carrying neces- saries on a journey: sometimes provided with a special set of toilet articles, and then known in the trade as a fitted bag.
travelled, traveller, etc. See traveled, etc. [Early mod. E. also travailous; ME. travelous, travallous, traval- ous, OF. *travaillons, < travail, labor: see travel, n.] Laborious; toilsome.
We are accustomed in the begynnynge of dyggynge of mynes especially to caule for the grace of god that it may please hym to be presente with his ayde to owre doubtfull and traualious [read trauailous] woorke. R. Eden, tr. of Vannuccio Biringuccio (First Books on [America, ed. Arber, p. 357). travel-soiled (trav ́el-soild), a. Same as travelstained.
All dripping from the recent flood, Panting and travel-soil'd he stood. Scott, L. of the L., iii. 21. travel-stained (trav'el-stand), a. Having the clothes, etc., stained with the marks of travel. Same as travel-tainted+ (travʼel-tān′′ted), a. travel-stained.
As to presentments of petty offences in the town or leet, Lord Mansfield has said that it cannot be true that they are not traversable anywhere.
Sir J. T. Coleridge, Note on Blackstone's Com., IV. xxiii. Thou hast a dominacioun traversaunt, Wythowte numbre doyst thou greeve. MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 137. (Halliwell.) sus, transversus, lying across, transverse: see transverse, of which traverse is a doublet.] I. a. 1. Situated or acting across or athwart; thwart; transverse; crossing. = Trees... hewen downe, and layde trauers, one ouer auother. Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., II. clxxxvi. The paths cut with traverse trenches much encumbered the carriages. Sir J. Hayward. Page 15
traverse 2. In her., crossing the escutcheon from side to side, so as to touch both the dexter and sinister edges.-Toll traverse. See toll1.-Traverse flute. Same as transverse flute (which see, under flutel, 1). -Traverse in point, in her., covered with narrow triangular bearings like points, alternating from dexter to sinister and from sinister to dexter; therefore, the same as pily barwise—the triangular figures from each side of the escutcheon being equal in size.-Traverse jury, sailing, etc. See the nouns.-Traverse pily, in her., same as traverse in point. II. n. 1. Anything that traverses or crosses; a bar or barrier. (at) A curtain, usually low, and arranged to be drawn; a sliding screen; in the old theater, a curtain used as a substitute for scenes or scenery.
Men drynken and the travers drawe anon. Chaucer, Merchant's Tale, 1. 573. I will see them: They are behind the traverse; I'll discover Their superstitious howling.
Webster, White Devil, v. 4. (bt) A railing or lattice of wood or metal. The Communion Table . . . he injoyned to be placed at the East end, upon a graduated advance of ground, with the ends inverted, and a woodden traverse of railes before it, to keep Profanation off. H. L'Estrange, Reign of K. Charles (ed. 1655), p. 137. (c) A seat or stall in a church with a lattice, curtain, or screen before it. [Scotch.]
James regularly attended his chapel every forenoon in his traverse (retired seat with lettice), and Margaret was as formal. Pinkerton's Hist. Scot., II. 83, note. (Jamieson.) (d) A strong beam of hard wood laid across several loose pieces of square timber, and having these pieces secured to it so as to form a crib; also, a transverse piece in a timber-framed roof. (e) In weaving, a skeleton frame to hold the bobbins of yarn, which are wound from it upon the warp-frame. E. H. Knight. 2. That which thwarts, crosses, or obstructs; an untoward accident.
If, in the traverses of our life, discontents and injuries be done, Jesus teaches how the injured person should demean himself. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 270. In all traverses of fortune, in every colour of your life, maintaining an inviolable fidelity to your Sovereign. Dryden, Ded. of Plutarch's Lives. 3+. A dispute; a controversy.
And whanne they were at travers of thise thre, Everiche holdynge his opinioun. Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 18. (Halliwell.) The olde men of your age ought much to flee brawling with your aduersaries, either trauerse in words with your neighbours.
Guevara, Letters (tr. by Hellowes, 1577), p. 183. 4. In fort., an earthen mask, similar to a parapet, thrown across the covered way of a permanent work to protect it from the effects of an enfilading fire. It generally extends from the counterscarp to the passage left between it and the interior slope of the glacis to serve as a communication throughout the covered way.
Dampier, Voyages, I., Pref. In the first of those traverses we were not able to penetrate so far north by eight or ten leagues as in the second. Cook, Third Voyage, vi. 4.
6446 edge of the escutcheon, and the point of which Eng.]-16. A bolster.-In traverset. (a) Again;
6. In gun., the turning of a gun so as to make may be inquired of by the country." The technical words introducing a traverse at common law after a plea of new matter in avoidance are absque hoc, without this-that is, denying this which follows. Item, I wolde that William Barker shulde send me a copye of the olde traverse of Tychewell and Beyton. Paston Letters, 1. 518. 10. In geom., a line lying across a figure or other lines; a transversal.-11+. A turning; a trick; a pretext. Many shifts and subtile traverses were overwrought by this occasion.
back; around. As soone as the sauage man hir saugh comynge he turned his heed in trauerse and be-gan to laughe as in scorne.
(b) Across; in opposition. erse. Sir T. Wilson, Art of Rhetoric, p. 7. To cast a point of traverse. See cast1.-Tom Cox's traverse (naut.), a slang term formerly used to signify an attempt to shirk or avoid work by pretending to be other- wise busy.-Traverse of an indictment, in law: (a) The denial of an indictment by a plea of not guilty. (b) The postponement of the trial of an indictment after a plea of not guilty thereto.-Traverse of office, a proceeding to impeach the truth of an inquest of office.-With trav- erset, in return.
If the dog in pleading would pluk the bear by the throte, the bear with trauers would claw him again by the skalp. Robert Lancham, Letter from Kenilworth (1575), quoted [in Ribton-Turner's Vagrants and Vagrancy, p. 111. traverse (trav'èrs or tra-vers′), adv. [< traverse, a.] Athwart; crosswise; transversely.
4. To turn, as on a pivot; move round; swivel: as, the needle of a compass traverses.-5. To digress in speaking. Halliwell.-6. In the Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 429. manège, to move or walk crosswise, as a horse that throws his croup to one side and his head to the other.-Traversing elevator, a traveler or traveling crane.-Traversing jack. (a) A jack adapted for lifting engines or cars and drawing them upon the rails. (b) A lifting-jack with a standard movable upon its bed, so that it can be applied to different parts of an object, or can move an object horizontally while the bed remains fixed. E. H. Knight.-Traversing mandrel. See mandrel.-Traversing plate (milit.), one of two iron plates nailed on the hind part of a truck-carriage of guns where the handspike is used to traverse the gun.- Traversing platform, in artillery, a platform to support a gun and carriage, which can be easily traversed or turned round a real or imaginary pivot near the muzzle by means of its trucks running on iron circular racers let into the ground. There are common, dwarf, and casemate traversing platforms.-Traversing pulley, a pulley which runs over the rod or rope which supports it: applied in many ways for the transportation of weights.-Traversing sawinglongitudinally as it cuts the material, which remains staengine, a three-cylinder metal-sawing engine traveling tionary. The power is derived from a hydraulic cylinder, and the speed is regulated by a slide-valve. Such saws for cutting cold steel are made of soft iron, and are caused to revolve with such speed as to melt the sparks of steel.— Traversing screw-jack, a traversing jack. traverse-board (trav'èrs-bōrd), n. Naut., a thin circular piece of board, marked with all the points of the compass, and having eight holes bored for each point, and eight small pegs hanging from the center of the board. It was formerly used to record the different courses run by a ship during the period of a watch (four hours or eight half-hours). This record is kept by putting a peg in that point of the compass whereon the ship has run each half-hour. traverse-circle (trav'ers-ser“kl), n. A circular track on which the chassis traverse-wheels of a barbette carriage, mounted with a center or rear pintle, run while the gun is being pointed. The arrangement enables the gun to be directed to any point of the horizon. In permanent fortifications it is of iron, and is let into the stone-work; in field-works it is frequently made up of pieces of timber mitered together and embedded in the earth. E. H. Knight. traversed (trav ́ėrst), a. In her., same as con
He... He through the armed files Darts his experienced eye, and soon traverseThe whole battalion views. Milton, P. L., i. 568. traverse (trav'èrs), v.; pret. and pp. traversed, ppr. traversing. [< F. traverser Pr. traversar Sp. travesar It. traversare, < ML. transver-sare, go across: see transverse, v., and cf. trav- crse, a.] I. trans. 1. To lay athwart, or in a cross direction; cause to cross. =
Myself and such Have wander'd with our traversed arms and breathed Our sufferance vainly. Shak., T. of A., v. 4. 7. The parts [of the body] should be often traversed (or crossed) by the flowing of the folds. Dryden, tr. of Dufresnoy's Art of Painting.
2. To pass across; pass over or through trans-
The trauerses were made on ech side with good artillery great and small. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 86. 5. The act of traversing or traveling over; a passage; a crossing. The Readers could not so well acquiesce in my Description of Places, &c., without knowing the particu- 3. To pass in review; survey carefully. lar Traverses I made among them.
With a grave Look in this odd Equipage, What seas you traversed, and what fields you fought! Pope, Imit. of Horace, ii. 1. 396. Swift cruisers traversed the sea in every direction, watch- ing the movements of the enemy. Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., xiv.
My purpose is to traverse the nature, principles, and properties of this detestable vice, ingratitude. South. A field too wide to be fully traversed. D. Webster, Speech, Concord, Sept. 30, 1834. 4. In gun., to turn and point in any direction. Fortune, that had through life seemed to traverse all his aims, at last indulged him in this. Goldsmith, Bolingbroke. 7. To deny; specifically, in law, to deny in pleading: said of any matter of fact which the opposite party has alleged in his pleading. When the matter is so plaine that it cannot be denied the right to traverse the decision of the justices. Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 421. dictment, under traverse, n.-To traverse a yard (naut.), To traverse an indictment. See traverse of an in to brace it fore and aft.
Proceedings against Garnet (1606). (Imp. Dict.) Things which could afford such plausible pretenses, such commodious traverses for ambition and Avarice to lvrke behind. Milton, Prelatical Episcopacy. 12. In her., a bearing resembling a point or pile-that is, a triangle, of which one side corresponds with either the sinister or dexter 2.
travertin Fal. Put me a caliver into Wart's hand, Bardolph. Bard. Hold, Wart, traverse; thus, thus, thus. Shak., 2 Hen. IV., iii. 2. 291. They watch'd the motions of some foe, Who traversed on the plain below.
II. intrans. 1. To cross; cross over.
Scott, Marmion, vi. 18. 3. In fencing, to use the posture or motions of opposition or counteraction.
To see thee fight, to see thee foin, to see thee traverse.
tourné. traverse-drill (trav'èrs-dril), n. 1. A drill in which the drill-stock has a traverse motion for adjustment of the distances between holes formed by it.-2. A drill for boring slots. It is so arranged that, when the required depth has been attained, a lateral movement can be given to either the drill or the work. E. H. Knight. traverser (trav'èr-sèr), n. [< traverse + -er1.] 1. One who traverses; specifically, in law, one who traverses or denies his adversary's allegation. The traversers appealed against the judgment, which was reversed by the House of Lords. 1. In W. S. Gregg, Irish Hist. for Eng. Readers, p. 147. 2. In rail., a traverse-table. traverse-saw (trav'èrs-sâ), n. A cross-cut saw which moves on ways transversely to the piece. E. H. Knight. traverse-table (trav'èrs - tā" bl), n. navig., a table containing the difference of latitude and the departure made on each individual course and distance in a traverse, by means of which the difference of latitude and departure made upon the whole, as well as the equivalent single course and distance, may be readily determined. For facilitating the resolving of traverses, tables have been calculated for all units of distance run, from 1 to 300 miles or more, with every angle of the course which is a multiple of 10', together with the corresponding differences of latitude and departure. Tables in common use by navigators give the course for every quarter-point and for every degree, and the distance up to 300 miles. Such a table is useful for many other purposes. 2. In rail., a platform having one or more tracks, and arranged to move laterally on wheels, for shifting carriages, etc., from one line of rails to another; a traverser. travertin, travertine (trav'er-tin), . [= F. travertin, It. travertino, an altered form (due to some interference) of tiburtino, ‹ L. tiburtinus, sc. lapis, travertin, lit. 'stone of Tibur,' so called as being formed by the waters of the Anio at Tibur, Tibur, an ancient town of Latium, now Tivoli.] The calcareous deposit from springs which occurs in many localities
travertin in Italy, and is extensively quarried for use in building. It is a soft, porous straw-colored rock, easily wrought when freshly quarried, and afterward hardening, and seeming, under the climate of Italy, to be very durable. The exterior walls of the Colosseum and of St. Peter's are built of this material.
Blackening in the daily candle-smoke, They molder on the damp wall's travertine. Browning, Pictor Ignotus. travesst, n. Same as trevis. travestť, v. t. [In pp. travested; ‹ F. travestir, pp. travesti, disguise, travesty, lit. cause a change in clothing, L. trans, over, + vestire (> OF. vestir, F. vétir), clothe: see vest, v.] To disguise; travesty. [Rare.]
Travested, shifted in apparel [dressed in the habit of a different sex, ed. 1706], disguised. E. Phillips, 1678. travesty (trav'es-ti), a. [< OF. travesti, pp. of travester, disguise: see travesty, v.] Disguised; burlesqued. Scarronides: or Virgil Travestie, being the first book of Virgil's Eneis In English Burlesque; London, 1864. By Charles Cotton. [Title.]
travesty (trav'es-ti), v. t.; pret. and pp. travestied, ppr. travestying. [< travesty, a.; cf. travest.] 1t. To disguise by a change of vesture.
Aristophanes, in the beginning of his comedy called the Knights, introduces the two generals, Demosthenes and Nicias, travestied into Valets, and complaining of their master. Dr. Burney, Hist. Music, I. 352. (Jodrell.) 2. In lit., to give such a literary treatment or setting to (a serious production) as to render it ridiculous or ludicrous; hence, by extension, to burlesque; imitate so as to render absurd or grotesque. See travesty, n.
Indeed, uncle, if I were as you, I would not have the grave Spanish habit so travestied; I shall disgrace it, I vow and swear.
Wycherley, Gentleman Dancing-Master, iv. 1. travesty (trav'es-ti), n.; pl. travesties (-tiz). [< travesty, v.] In lit., a burlesque treatment or setting of a subject which had originally been handled in a serious manner; hence, by extension, any burlesque or ludicrous imitation, whether intentional or not; a grotesque or absurd resemblance. Travesty is in strict use to be distinguished from parody: in the latter the subject-matter and characters are changed, and the language and style of the original are humorously imitated; in travesty the characters and the subject-matter remain substantially the same, the language becoming absurd or grotesque.
The extreme popularity of Montemayor's "Diana" not only caused many imitations to be made of it, but ... was the occasion of a curious travesty of it for religious purposes. One of the best of the many amusing travesties of Car- lyle's style, a travesty which may be found in Marmaduke Savage's "Falcon Family," where one of the "Young Ire- land" party praises another for having "a deep no-mean- ing in the great fiery heart of him."
R. H. Hutton, Modern Guides, p. 17. =Syn. Burlesque, Parody, etc. See caricature. travis (trav'is), n. Same as trevis. travois, n. Same as travail2. The Indian travois, which is a sledge of two long poles, the anterior ends of which are harnessed to the horse or pony, and the rear ends allowed to drag upon the ground. Scribner's Mag., VI. 613. trawl (trâl), v. [< OF. trauler, troller, troler, F. troler, drag about, stroll about, > E. troll: see troll.] I. trans. 1. To drag, as a trawl net.
6447 on a single line number as many as five thousand; on the coasts of Maine and Massachusetts the usual num ber is from four hundred to three thousand. Bait of tervals of half an hour or an hour. When taking them up for examination, the fisherman, beginning at one end close about 14 feet made of stout iron has 2. A large bag-net, with a wide mouth held be used where the bottom is rocky or rough. In Great Britain the trawl-net is a large triangular purse-shaped net, usually about 70 feet long, about 40 feet broad at the mouth, diminishing to 4 or 5 at the cod, which forms the extremity furthest from the boat, and is about 10 feet long, and of nearly uniform breadth. The mouth is kept ex- tended by a wooden beam. The net is furnished with two interior pockets, one on each side, for securing the fish turning back from the cod. Trawl-nets in various forms are also used for submarine exploration in deep water. It is very desirable that the name trawl should be re- stricted to this net [flattened bag-net, often 100 feet long]. Encyc. Brit., IX. 246. Beam-trawl, a large net bag with a long beam across its open mouth, which is kept about 2 or 3 feet from the bot- tom by an iron framework at each end of the beam. As it is dragged along by the fishing-boat the fish pass into trawl-anchor (trâl'ang"kor), n. chor used on trawl-lines. Trawler-Men, a sort of Fisher-Men that us'd unlawful trawl-head (trâlʼhed), n. One of two upright for bluefish with a spoon trailed after a sailing-boat. (b)
• .. The net is trawled behind and about the herd so as to drive them into the flord and keep them there. Fisheries of U. S., V. ii. 306. 2. To catch or take with a trawl-net. A specimen of Triassic conglomerate, trawled seven miles south of the Deadman headland, is described. Philos. Mag., 5th ser., XXX. 199. II. intrans. To use a trawl-line or trawl-net; fish with a trawl. Syn. Trawl, Troll. These words and their derivatives are interchangeable in one sense, and not in another. Both are used of surface-fishing, in which the line is trailed along the surface after a boat; troll is more frequent than trawl in literary use. Trawi alone is used of bottom-fishing with a set-line. trawl (trâl), n. [< trawl, v.] 1. A buoyed line, often of great length, to which short lines with baited hooks are attached at suitable intervals; trawl-keg (trâl'keg), n. A keg used to buoy a a trawl-line. Each section or single length of a trawl trawl-line, or to mark its position, as by means is a skate. In England a single trawl is usually forty of a flag. fathoms in length, with twenty-six hooks attached by Same as trawl, 1. snoods. As many of these lines are united as it is trawl-line (trâl'lin), n. thought expedient to join, and are shot across the tide as trawl-net (trâl'net), n. Same as trawl, 2. the vessel sails along, so that the snoods may hang clear. trawl-roller (trâl'ro"lėr), n. The roller used There are usually anchors near the ends at intervals of forty fathoms, to keep the line in position, as well as buoys to float it. The trawl used in America consists of a long line from forty fathoms to several miles in length, which is anchored at each end to the bottom, the position of the ends being shown by buoys; lines about 2 to 6 feet long, with a hook at the end, are attached at intervals of about 3 to 15 feet. In some cases the hooks
tre tray1 (trā), n. [Early mod. E. also treie; < ME. treye, AS. treg (glossed by L. alveolum), tray; connection with trough is doubtful.] 1. A trough, open box, or similar vessel used for different domestic and industrial purposes. Specifically-2. A flat shallow vessel or utensil with slightly raised edges, employed for holding bread, dishes, glassware, silver, cards, etc., and for other household uses. Trays are made in many shapes of wood, metal, papier-mâché, etc., and have various names according to their use, as tea-tray, breadtray, silver-tray, etc. Thin trays of veneers are also used to pack butter, lard, and light materials for transport in small quantities. The tray differs from the salver only in size. Trays are used also in mining, as a washing-tray, a picking-tray.
Various priestly servants, all without shoes, came in, one of them bearing a richly embossed silver tray, on which were disposed small spoons filled with a preserve of lemon-peel. R. Curzon, Monast. in the Levant, p. 288. 3. A wide shallow coverless box of wood or cardboard, used in museums for packing and displaying specimens of natural history. Trays for small mammals, birds, etc., are usually from 1 to 3 feet long, half as wide, and from 1 to 3 inches deep; they are set in tiers, often in drawers of cabinets, or form such drawers. Trays for eggs are usually of light cardboard, from 1 by 2 to 4 by 8 inches wide and very shallow, fitted in a single layer in larger wooden trays or cabinet-drawers. The drawers or frames for holding eggs in an incubator are usually called trays. These are generally skeleton frames of wood, with bottoms of wire netting, and transverse wooden cleats fixed at intervals corresponding to the diameter of an egg, to prevent the eggs from rolling off. 4. A shallow and usually rectangular dish or pan of crockery ware, gutta-percha, papiermâché, metal, or other material, used in museums for holding wet (alcoholic) specimens when these are overhauled for study, etc. Similar trays are used for ova in fish-culture, for many chemical operations, in photography, etc.-5. A hod.
tray2+, n. [< ME. traye, treie, treze, ‹ AS. trega, vexation, annoyance, = OS. trego = Icel. tregi, grief, woe, Goth. trigo, grief, sorrow; cf. tray2, v.] Trouble; annoyance; anger. Yone es the waye, with tene and traye, Thomas of Ersseldoune (Child's Ballads, I. 104). Half in tray and tene. Lytell Geste of, Robyn Hode (Child's Ballads, V. 81). tray2t, v. [<ME. trayen, traien, trezen,< AS. tregian (= OS. tregan: Icel. trega), grieve, afflict. Cf. tray2, n.] To grieve; annoy.
Quath balaam, "for thu tregest me; Had ic an swerd, ic sluge [would slay] the." Genesis and Exodus (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3975. trayst, v. t. [< ME. trayen, < OF. trair, betray, L. tradere, give up, surrender: see tradition. Cf. traitor, treason, from the same source. Cf. also traise1.] To betray.
Lo, Demophon, duk of Athenis, How he forswor him ful falsly, And trayed Phillis wikkedly. Chaucer, House of Fame, L. 390. tray3+ (trā), n. [ME. traye; <tray3, v.] Deceit; stratagem.
Oure knyghtis thai are furth wente To take hym with a traye. York Plays, p. 256. tray4 (trā), n. [Another spelling of trey.] 1. Same as trey.-2. The third branch, snag, or point of a deer's antler.
"Beam-trawling". consists in With brow, bay, tray, and crockets complete. W. Black. tray-cloth (trā ́klôth), n. A piece of cloth, trawling a flattened bag-net, often 100 feet long, over the usually of linen damask, used to cover a tray upon which dishes of food are carried. trayful (trā ́ful), n. [< tray1 +-ful.] As much as a tray will hold. bottom in such a manner as to catch those fish especially which naturally keep close to or upon the ground. Encyc. Brit., IX. 246.
He has smashed a trayful of crockery. The Century, XXVI. 53. trayst, trayset, n. Middle English forms of trace2 tray-tript (tra'trip), n. [< tray4 + trip1.] An old game at dice, in which success probably depended on throwing a trey or three.
on a dory in hauling the trawl. [New Eng.] trawn (trân), n. The name given in the dis- Nor play with costarmongers at mumchance, tray-trip. trict of St. Ives, Cornwall, to what is called in B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 2. other parts of that mining region a cross-course. tret, n. An old spelling of tree.
You know I am not false, of a treacherous nature, Was 't not a most treacherous part to arrest a man in the night, and when he is almost drunk? Dekker and Webster, Westward Ho, iii. 2. To the foot Treach'rous and false; it [ice] smil'd, and it was cold. Cowper, Task, v. 176. =Syn. 1. Faithless, etc. (see perfidious), recreant, treason- able.In a
treacherously (trech'èr-us-li), adv. treacherous manner; by treachery.
If you can't be fairly run down by the Hounds, you will be treacherously shot by the Huntsmen. Congreve, Love for Love, i. 2. treacherousness (trech'èr-us-nes), n. The character of being treacherous; breach of faith or allegiance; faithlessness; perfidy. treachery (trech'èr-i), n.; pl. treacheries (-iz). [< ME. trecherie, treccherye, tricherie, < OF. tricherie, trecherie, F. tricherie (= Pr. tricharia = It. treccheria), treachery, tricher, trichier, trecher, cheat: see trick1, v. Cf. trickery.] Violation of allegiance or of faith and confidence; treasonable or perfidious conduct; perfidy.
The king was by a Treachetour Disguised slaine, ere any thereof thought. Spenser, F. Q., II. x. 51. treachourt, n. Same as treacher. treacle (tre'kl), n. [Early mod. E. also triacle; <ME. triacle,< OF. triacle, treacle, F. thériaque Pr. tiriaca, triacla Sp. teriaca, triaca = Pg. theriaga, triaga = It. teriaca, L. theriaca, Gr. Onplakh (sc. ȧvridoros), an antidote against the (poisonous) bites of wild beasts: see theriac.] 1. A medicinal compound of various ingredients, formerly believed to be capable of curing or preventing the effects of poison, particularly the effects of the bite of a serpent. See theriac.
6448 Treacle, a Physical Composition, made of Vipers and other Ingredients. E. Phillips, 1706. 2. More generally, a remedy; a panacea; a sovereign antidote or restorative: often used figuratively.
Crist, which that is to every harm triacle. Milton, Church Government, ii., Conclusion. Wordsworth. or hurt one. Rev. S. Ward, Sermons, p. 157. 3. The spume of sugar in sugar-refineries: so called as resembling in appearance or supposed To tread on one's toes, to vex, offend, interfere with, medicinal properties the ancient theriacal compounds. Treacle is obtained in refining sugar; molasses is the drainings of crude sugar. The name treacle, however, is very often given to molasses.
treacle-sleep (tre'kl-slēp), n. A sweet refresh- ing sleep. [Colloq.] I fell first into a sluggish torpor, then into treacle-sleep, from any cordial and sudorific drugs and herbs, with a mixture of Venice treacle, or theriac.
To make treacle-water, good in surfeits, &c.- Take the Resemblance to
tread 4. To copulate, as birds: said especially of a cock-bird.
Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tread shall be yours. Deut. xi. 24.
When turtles tread, and rooks, and daws. Shak., L. L. L., v. 2. 915. To have the black ox tread on one's foott. See ox. -To tread awry. See awry. To tread in one's steps (or footsteps), to follow one closely; imitate one.
3. To walk; step; especially, to walk with a
Mrs. Squeers stood at one of the desks, presiding over Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, viii. 4. A saccharine fluid consisting of the inspis- To tread on the neck of. See neck.
Whan they han goon nat fully half a myle, Ryght as they wolde han troden over a style. Chaucer, Pardoner's Tale, 1. 250. Has it a corn? or does it walk on conscience, It treads so gingerly?
The boys take all after their father, and covet to tread in his steps. Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, ii. To tread on or upon. (a) To trample; set the foot on in contempt. Thou shalt tread upon their high places.
(b) To follow closely. Year treads on year.
Presently found he could not turn about Nor take a step i' the case and fail to tread On some one's toes.
Browning, Ring and Book, I. 130.
The property of viscosity or treaclyness possessed more treacly (tre'kli), a. [< treacle + -1.] Com- posed of or like treacle abounding in treacle; sweet and viscous. = tread (tred), v.; pret. trod, pp. trod, trodden, OFries. treda =D. treden ing or trampling. (b) To destroy, extinguish, or obliterate by or as by tread- OS. tredan = treden) MLG. LG. treden OHG. tretan, MHG. G. tre- ten = Icel. trodha Sw. tråda = Dan. træde = Goth. trudan, tread. The Icel. and Goth. show a different vowel. Hence ult. trade1, trode, trod.] I. intrans. 1. To set the foot down, as on the ground. A little fire is quickly trodden out. Shak., 3 Hen. VI., iv. 8. 7. To tread the bounds. Same as to beat the bounds. See bound1. To tread the stage or the boards, to act as a stage-player; perform a part in a drama. Ther nis, ywis, no serpent so cruel Whan man tret on his tayl, ne half so fel, As womman is, when she hath caught an ire. Chaucer, Summoner's Tale, 1. 294. The smallest worm will turn being trodden on. Shak., 3 Hen. VI., ii. 2. 17. 2. To press or be put down on or as on the ground.
She is coming, my own, my sweet; Were it ever so airy a tread, My heart would hear her and beat. Tennyson, Maud, xxii. 11. I cross my floor with a nervous tread. Whittier, Demon of the Study. 2t. Way; track; path. See trade1, n., 2.-3. Fletcher (and another), Love's Cure, ii. 2. [Ballads, I. 299). Sir Oluf and the Elf-King's Daughter (Child's Copulation, as of birds.-4. The cicatricula of an egg: so called from the former erroneous belief that it appeared only in fecundated eggs laid by the hen after the tread of the cock. Compare
tread treadle.-5. Manner of stepping: as, a horse with a good tread.-6. The flat or horizontal part of a step or stair; a tread-board.-7. The length of a ship's keel.-8. The bearing surface of a wheel or of a runner on a road or rail.—9. The part of a rail on which the wheels bear.— 10. The part of a stilt on which the foot rests. -11. That part of the sole of a boot or shoe which touches the ground in walking.-12. The top of the banquette of a fortification, on which soldiers stand to fire.-13. The upper side of the bed of a lathe between the headstock and the back-center.-14. The width from pedal to pedal of a bicycle. Bury and Hillier, Cycling, p. 346.-15. A wound on the coronet of a horse's foot, produced by the shoe of either hind or fore foot of the opposite side. - Rubber tread, a piece of rubber, usually roughened or corrugated on one side, fastened on a car- or carriage-step to give a secure foothold. tread-behind (tred′bē-hīnd”), n. A doubling; an endeavor to escape from a pursuer by falling behind. [Rare.] His tricks and traps and tread-behinds. Naylor, Reynard the Fox, p. 20. (Davies.) tread-board (tred'bōrd), n. 1. The horizontal part of a step, on which the foot is placed.-2. One of the boards of a treadmill upon which its operator steps. treader (tred'èr), n. [< tread +-cr1.] One who or that which treads.
The treaders shall tread out no wine in their presses. Isa. xvi. 10.
tread-fowlt (tred'foul), n. tread, v., + obj. fowl.] A cock.
Thow woldest han been a tredefowel aright. Chaucer, Prol. to Monk's Tale, 1. 57. treading (tred′ing), n. [Verbal n. of tread, v.] 1. The act of setting down the foot; a step. My feet were almost gone, my treadings had well-nigh slipt. Book of Common Prayer, Psalter, Ps. lxxiii. 2. Treading consists in pressing and kneading the claypaste little by little with bare feet. Glass-making, p. 30. 2. That which is trampled down. The off horse walks on the grass, but outside of the line of cut; consequently, his treadings are met by the machine on the return journey, and cut clean. Ure, Dict., IV. 28. 3. The act of the cock in copulation. treadle (tred'l), n. [Also treddle; < ME. tredyl, < AS. tredel, a step, < tredan, tread: see tread.] 1. A lever designed to be moved by the foot to impart motion to a machine, as a lathe, sewingmachine, or bicycle. It consists usually of a form of lever connected by a rod with a crank; but other forms employ straps or cords for transmitting the power. In the bicycle the treadle is practically the crank itself. In the organ, particularly the pipe-organ, and many machines, the drop-press, etc., where the treadle does not impart a rotary motion, but only starts, stops, or otherwise controls the machine or instrument, it is more properly a pedal, but in the reed-organ the foot-levers by which the feeders are operated are called either treadles or pedals. See cuts under pegger, potter, reed-organ, ripple, sewing-machine, and spring-hammer. 2. The tough ropy or stringy part of the white of an egg; the chalaza: so called because formerly supposed to be the male sperm. Compare tread, 4. treadle (tred'l), v. i.; pret. and pp. treadled, ppr. treadling. [< treadle, n.] To operate a treadle; specifically, in playing a reed-organ, to operate the feeders by means of the foot-levers or pedals. treadle-machine (tred'l-ma-shēn"), n. A small printing-press worked by the pressure of the foot on a treadle. treadler (tred'ler), n. [< treadle +-er1.] One who works a treadle.-- Treadlers' cramp, an occupation neurosis affecting sewing-machine operators, scissors-grinders, and others who use treadle-machines: of a similar nature to writers' cramp (which see, under writer). A case of Treadler's Cramp. Lancet, 1891, I. 410.
mulosa), found from Virginia to Florida and Louisiana. It is a herbaceous plant with a long perennial root, a low weed armed with white bristles half an inch long, which sting severely. Also called stinging. bush. treadwheel (tred'hwēl), n. A contrivance for utilizing the weight of men or animals to produce rotary motion, which can then be applied to various mechanical purposes. It is of two principal forms: (a) A with the axis horizontal. An animal, as a dog, walks on the inner surface of the cylinder, to which battens are secured as a foothold, and thus revolves it. (b) A large flat disk of [ME. tredefowl; wood or other material set at an angle of about twenty degrees with the horizon. The animal which moves it = stands on the disk at on side of the axis or pivot; its weight causes the disk to turn, and it is thus compelled to continue walking in order to keep its footing. treaguet (trēg), n. [< It. tregua Sp. tregua Pg. tregoa Pr. trega, tregua, treva, trev OF. treve, trive, F. trêve,< ML. treuga (also, after OF., treva), a truce, Goth. triggwa OHG. triuwa ÓS. treuwa AS. trców, truth, truce: see true, truce.] A truce. = = = She them besought, during their quiet treague, Into her lodging to repaire awhile.
treadling (tred'ling), n. [Verbal n. of treadle, v.] The act of using the treadles or pedals of a reed-organ. treadmill (tred'mil), n. [< tread + mill1.] 1. An appliance for producing rotary motion by the weight of a man or men, or of an animal, as a horse, stepping on movable steps connected with a revolving cylinder or wheel. The name is now rarely given to industrial appliances of this nature, but chiefly to those used as means of punishment in some prisons. Compare horse-power, 3, and see cut in next column.
Hence-2. Figuratively, a monotonous and wearisome round, as of occupation or exertion: as, the treadmill of business.
The everlasting tread-mill of antecedent and consequent goes round and round, but we can neither rest nor make progress. New Princeton Rev., I. 187.
tread-softly (tred'sôft'li), n. The spurge-nettle, Jatropha urens, variety stimulosa (or J. sti 405
Spenser, F. Q., II. ii. 33.
treasure son against the United States shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. The Congress shall have power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted."
Those that care to keep your royal person From treason's secret knife and traitor's rage. Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 1. 174. Treason doth never prosper: what's the reason? For if it prosper, none dare call it treason. Sir John Harington, Of Treason. Treason is a breach of allegiance, and can be committed by him only who owes allegiance, either perpetual or temporary. Marshall. Constructive treason, anything which, though lacking treasonable intent, is declared by law to be reason and punishable as such. Numerous acts suggestive of disaffection were formerly punished as constructive treason upon the pretext that they were in law equivalent to actual treason. Hence the provision of the Constitution of the United States (Art. III. § 3), according to which "Trea
Lord George Gordon was thrown into the Tower, and was tried before Lord Mansfield on the charge of high treason for levying war upon the Crown. The charge was what is termed by lawyers constructive treason. rested upon the assertion that the agitation which he had created and led was the originating cause of the outrages that had taken place. It
Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., xiii. High treason. See def. 3.-Misprision of treason. See misprision1.- Petit or petty treason, the crime of killing a person to whom the offender owes duty or subjection, as for servant to kill his master, or a wife her husband. As a name for a specific offense the term is no longer used, such crimes being now deemed murder only. Statute of Treasons, an English statute of 1352 (25 Edw. III., c. 2) declaring, for the first time, what offenses should be adjudged treason.- Treason Felony Act. See felony. Syn. See perfidious. treasonable (trē ́zn-a-bl), a. [< treason + -able.] Of or pertaining to treason; consisting of treason; involving the crime of treason, or partaking of its guilt. Hark, how the villain would close now, after his treasonable abuses! Shak., M. for M., v. 1. 347. N. The
Syn. See perfidious. treason-felony (trē ́zn-fel"on-i), n. treasonableness (trē'zn-a-bl-nes), character of being treasonable. treasonably (trē ́zn-a-bli), adv. In a treasonable manner. In Eng. law, the offense of compassing, imagining, devising, or intending to deprive the king or queen of the crown, or to levy war within the realm, in order forcibly to compel the change house of Parliament, or to excite an invasion of royal measures, or to intimidate either in any of the crown's dominions. treasonous (trē ́zn-us), a. [< treason + -ous.]
Treasonable. He had giv'n first his military Oath to Anlas, whom if he had betrai'd, the King might suspect him of like treasonous minde towards himself. Milton, Hist. Eng., v.
I am right rad of treasonrie. = = Treason; treachery. treason (trēʻzn), n. [<ME. treson, tresun, treisun, treasonryt, n. [< treason + -ry.] Treason. traisoun, trayson, <OF. trahison, traisson, traison, F. trahison Pr. traicio, traazo, tracio, trassio Sp. traicion: Pg. traição, L. traditio(n-), a giving up, surrender, delivery, tradition, tra- treasonyt, n. [< treason + -y3.] dere, pp. traditus, give up, deliver over, betray: sec tradition, of which treason is a doublet.] 1. A betraying; treachery; breach of faith. The false Genelon, He that purchased the treson Of [i. c., toward] Rowland and of Olivere. Chaucer, Death of Blanche, 1. 1122. He that did by treason work our fall By treason hath delivered thee to us. Marlowe, Jew of Malta, v. 4. Britton. more clearly states the idea of "betrayal" as distinct from that of "lese-majesty," and includes in treason any mischief done to one to whom the doer represents himself as a friend. Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 463. Specifically-2. Violation by a subject of his allegiance to his sovereign or liege lord, or to the chief authority of the state. In old English law it was (a) against the king or supreme power of the state, and more specifically called high treason, or (b) against any other superior, as a master, etc., and called petit treason or petty treason. Various offenses falling far short of what is now deemed treason, such as counterfeiting money, were so considered. By modern law in England treason, more specifically called high treason, includes such offenses as imagining the king's (or queen's) death (that is, proposing him, adhering to his enemies, killing his wife or oldest to kill, maim, or restrain him), or levying war against son or heir, violating his wife or daughter or heir's wife, or killing the chancellor, treasurer, or a justice in office. Treason against the United States consists only in levying war against theni, or in adhering to their enemies, or in giving their enemies aid and comfort; treason against a is defined as in to a State only. The former punishment for treason in Eng. land was that the condemned should be drawn on a hurdle to the place of execution, and there be hanged and disemboweled alive, and then beheaded and quartered; and a conviction was followed by forfeiture of land and goods, and attainder of blood; but the penalty is now hanging.
It is tauld me the day, sir knight, Ye've done me treasonie.
= Young Waters (Child's Ballads, III. 203). treasure (trezh ́ūr), n. [Early mod. E. also threasure, threasor, in awkward imitation of the L. spelling thesaurus; <ME. tresure, tresur, tresor, tresore, tresour, < OF. tresor, later thresor, F. trésor, with unorig. ", prop. *tesor, Pr. thesaur Sp. tesoro, OSp. also tresoro = Pg. theIt. tesoro (dial. trasoro), < L. thesaurus, <Gr. Onoavpós, a store laid up, treasure, a treasure-house, store-house, chest, Tilévai, set, place: see thesis, theme, do1. Cf. thesaurus.] 1. Money or jewels in store; wealth accumulated; riches hoarded; particularly, a stock or store of money in reserve. souro =
The value of a mine is a matter for a Kings Threasor. John Dee (Ellis's Lit. Letters, p. 38). If thou be'st death, I'll give thee England's treasure, Enough to purchase such another island, So thou wilt let me live, and feel no pain. Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 3. 2.
2. Specifically, gold or silver, either as it comes from the mine, or in bullion, coin, or plate; especially, coin. The several parcels of his plate, his treasure, 3. A quantity of anything gathered together; a store; a wealth.
We have treasures in the field, of wheat and of barley, and of oil and of honey. Jer. xli. 8.
4. Something which is greatly valued; that which is highly prized or very valuable.
treasure Indulgence. "Will" will fulfil the treasure of thy love. Shak., Sonnets, cxxxvi. Treasure of merits, in Rom. Cath. theol., the merits of Christ and the saints treasured up, from which satisfaction is made, as of a debt, for the sins of others. is "a juridical absolution," including a payment of the debt from the treasure of the merits of Christ and the saints. Cath. Dict., p. 441. treasure (trezh'ur), v. t.; pret. and pp. treasured, ppr. treasuring. [< treasure, n.] 1. To hoard up; lay up in store; collect and lay up, as money or other valuables, for future use or for preservation; accumulate; store: usually with up. And her merchandise and her hire shall be holiness to the Lord; it shall not be treasured nor laid up. Isa. xxiii. 18. Some thought it mounted to the lunar sphere, Since all things lost on earth are treasured there. Pope, R. of the L., v. 114. Prayers uttered in secret, according to God's will, are treasured up in God's Book of Life. J. H. Newman, Parochial Sermons, i. 245. 2. To retain carefully in the mind: often with up.
Mem'ry, like the bee, The quintessence of all he read Had treasur'd up before. Cowper, Burning of Lord Mansfield's Library. The patient search and vigil long Of him who treasures up a wrong. Byron, Mazeppa, x.
3. To regard as precious; prize. Somewhat did the fresh young day beguile His treasured sorrow when he woke next morn. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 97. 4+. To furnish or endow with treasures; enrich. [Rare.] Treasure thou some place With beauty's treasure, cre it be self-kill'd. Shak., Sonnets, vi. treasure-chest (trezh'ur-chest), n. 1. A strong box made to contain "gold, silver, jewels, or other articles of value.-2. Figuratively, a treasury. A mere review, however, of the payments into and out of the national treasure-chest only tells part of the truth. Nineteenth Century, XXII. 6. treasure-city (trezh'ur-sit"i), n. A city for stores and magazines.
And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities [store cities, R. V., Pithom and Raamses. Ex. i. 11. treasure-flower (trezh'ur-flou❝ėr), n. A plant of the genus Gazania. G. Pavonia, distinguished as the peacock treasure-flower, has heads nearly 3 inches broad and of an orange color with a dark center, expanding only in sunshine. It is an ornament of the wayside in South Africa, and has long been cultivated in greenhouses. treasure-house (trezh'ur-hous), n. [< ME. tresurchous; treasure + house1.] A house or building where treasures and stores are kept; a place where hoarded riches or precious things are kept; a treasury.
So in the Italian language the first that made it aspire to be a Treasure-house of Science were the Poets Dante, Boccace, and Petrarch.
Sir P. Sidney, Apol. for Poetrie, p. 21. treasurer (trezh ́ūr-ėr), n. [Early mod. E. also threasurer; < ME. tresurer, tresurere, tresorer, tresorere, tresourer, treserour, < OF. tresorer, tresorier, thresorier, F. trésorier : Pr. thesaurier = Sp. tesorero Pg. thesoureiro = It. tesoriere, < ML. thesaurarius, a treasurer, thesaurus, a treasure: see treasure.] 1. One who or that which treasures or stores up; one who has charge of treasure. =
Out of this toune help me through your might, Sin that ye wole nat ben my tresorere. Chaucer, Purse, 1. 18. And when thy ruins shall disclaim To be the treasurer of his name, His name, that cannot die, shall be An everlasting monument to thee. B. Jonson, Epitaph on Drayton (Underwoods, xvii.). 2. Specifically, one who has the care of a treasure or treasury; an officer who receives the public money arising from taxes and duties or other sources of revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it upon orders drawn by the proper authority; also, one who has the charge of collected funds, such as those belonging to incorporated companies or private societies. Now speke y wylle of tresurere [of a lord's household]. Husbonde and housewyf he is in fere; Of the resayuer he shalle resayue, The tresurer schalle gyfe alkyn wage. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 319. Lord high treasurer, formerly, a great officer of the British crown, who had under his charge and government all the sovereign's revenue. The duties of the lord high treasurer are now discharged by commissioners entitled Lords of the Treasury. See treasury.
Originally the chief financial minister of the Crown was the Lord High Treasurer, with whom was associated at
6450 an early date a Chancellor of the Exchequer. But in the reign of George I. the great office of Lord High Treasurer was, in English phrase, put permanently "into commission": its duties, that is, were intrusted to a board instead of to a single individual. W. Wilson, State, § 696. Lord high treasurer of Scotland, formerly, an officer whose duty it was to examine and pass the accounts of the sheriffs and others concerned in levying the revenues of the kingdom, to receive resignations of lands and other subjects, and to revise, compound, and pass signatures, gifts of tutory, etc. In 1663 the lord high treasurer was declared president of the court of exchequer.-Treasurer of a county, in England, an official who keeps the county stock, which is raised by rating every parish yearly, and is disposed to charitable uses. There are two treasurers in each county, chosen by the majority of the justices of the peace, etc., at Easter sessions.-Treasurer of the household, an official in the lord steward's department of the royal household of the United Kingdom, who bears a white staff, and ranks next to the lord steward. He is a member of the privy council and of the ministry, and is a peer or a peer's son.-Treasurer of the poor, in Delaware, a State officer having charge of certain departments of the administration of State charities. Treasurer of the United States, an officer of the Treasury Department who receives and keeps the moneys of the United States, disbursing them only upon warrants drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury, and duly recorded and countersigned. The payment of interest on the public debt, and the issue and redemption of notes, are in his charge. States, cities, boroughs, and towns also have treasurers; in some cases the State treasurer has the title of treasurer and receiver-general.
treasurership (trezh ́ur-er-ship), n. [< treasurer +-ship.] The office of treasurer.
The king landed on the 9th of February, 1432; on the 26th Hungerford had to resign the treasurership to John lord le Scrope of Masham. Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 336. treasuress (trezh'ur-es), n. [< treasurer + -css. ] male treasurer. [Rare.] A woman who has charge of a treasure; a fe
You, Lady Muse, whom Jove the counsellor
treasure-trove (trezh ́ur-trōv'), n. [Early mod. E. also thresor trouve; MF. tresor trove, < OF. *tresor trove, a treasure found: tresor, treasure; trove, pp. of trover, trouver, find: see trover.] Treasure found and appropriated; specifically, in Eng. law, any money or coin, gold, silver plate, or bullion, of unknown ownership, found hidden in the earth or in any private place. In this case, in English law, the treasure belongs to the crown; but if the owner is known, or is ascertained after the treasure is found, the owner and not the crown is entitled to it. It is, however, the practice of the crown to pay the finder the full value of the property on its being delivered up. On the other hand, should the finder conceal or appropriate it, he is guilty of an indictable offense punishable by fine and imprisonment. In the United States the term is not often used, and has no teclinical legal meaning. The finder of a thing upon land is, if the owner be unknown, its lawful custodian, and if he cannot be found becomes its owner. If the former owner is found, the finder cannot withhold the thing to exact a reward, unless such reward has been offered.
Your honor knoweth that Thresor trouve is a very casuall thing; and of which, althowgh the Prerogative of the Queens Majestie do entitle to her a proprietie, yet how therby, it seldome her Grace hath hitherto receyved any commodity to your honor better known than unto me. John Dee (Ellis's Lit. Letters, p. 37). [< treasure + treasuroust (trezh ́ūr-us), a. -ous.] Worthy of being treasured, prized, or regarded as a treasure. [Rare.] Goddess full of grace, = treasury (trezh'ur-i), n.; pl. treasuries (-iz). [< ME. tresorie, tresorye, thresorye, tresourc, OF. tresorie, contr. of tresorerie, thresorerie, F. trésorerie Pr. thezauraria Sp. tesoreria It. tesoreria = Pg. thesouraria, thêsouria, < ML. thesauraria, a treasury, L. thesaurus, treasure: see treasure.] 1. A house, room, or chest where treasure is laid up. And zet is the Plate of Gold in the Thresorye of the Chirche. Mandeville, Travels, p. 18. And Jesus sat over against the treasury, and beheld how the people cast money into the treasury. Mark xii. 41. 2. Figuratively, that wherein something precious is stored or secured; a repository.
treat 4. A department of government which has control over the collection, management, and expenditure of the public revenue. See Department of the Treasury, under department. The du ties of this department of the British government are now performed by a board of five lords commissioners instead of a lord high treasurer, as formerly. The chief of these commissioners, or first lord of the treasury, is usually prime minister, and may be a member of either house of Parliament. The virtual head of the treasury is the chancellor of the exchequer. (See chancellor, 3 (c).) The duties of the three remaining members of the board, the junior lords, are merely formal, the heaviest part of the executive functions devolving on the two joint secretaries of the department (the patronage secretary and the financial secretary), who are also members of the lower house, and on a permanent secretary. The custody of the public revenue is vested in the exchequer, but the function of payment belongs to the treasury, consequently all sums withdrawn from the exchequer must be vouched for by a treasury warrant. The treasury has the appointment of all officers engaged in the collection of the public revenue; the army, navy, and civil-service supplies are issued under its authority; and all exceptional cases and disputes relating to the public revenue are referred to its decision. Several important state departments are under the general authority or regulation of the treasury. 5. The officers of the British treasury department.-6. A name given to a class of subterranean monuments consisting usually of a solid structure of masonry, of domical form, often with pseudo-vaulting in horizontal courses, either wholly underground or covered with a tumulus. Familiar examples are the structures of this type at Mycena and at Orchomenus, in Greece. The name is erroneous, as these structures are now recognized as tombs. 7. Treasure.
The treasury was well filled, and, as against France and Scotland, England was of one mind.
Thy sumptuous buildings and thy wife's attire Have cost a mass of public treasury.
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., i. 3. 134. Independent Treasury system, or Subtreasury system, the present system of fiscal administration of the United States government, whereby certain officers, under bonds, receive, disburse, transfer, and account to the Secretary of the Treasury moneys of the government. Formerly the public moneys were deposited with the State banks, or, during their existence, with the first and second United States banks. In 1840 a law was enacted which dito keep the public money, that four receivers-general be rected that rooms, vaults, and safes be procured in which appointed, and that the United States mint and the branch mint at New Orleans be places of deposit. The treasurers of the United States and of the mints, the receivers-general, and all other officers charged with the custody of public money, were required to give bonds for its care and transfer when ordered by the Secretary of the Treasury or Postmaster-General, and after June 30th, 1843, payments to or by the United States were to be exclusively in gold and silver. The next year the law was repealed, but in 1846 it was reenacted substantially, and has been continued ever since, with some changes. In 1863 the national banks were authorized to receive deposits of the public money, except receipts from customers, after furnishing proper security therefor.-Lords commissioners of the Treasury. See def. 5.-Register of the Treasury. See register2.-Solicitor of the Treasury. See solicitor.Treasury bench, the front bench or row of seats on the right hand of the Speaker in the British House of Commons: so called because occupied by the first lord of the treasury (when a commoner), the chancellor of the exchequer, and other members of the ministry.-Treasury bill, an instrument of credit issued by the British government to the highest bidder when money is needed by the Commissioners of the Treasury. These bills are drawn for three or six months, and as they bear no interest are tendered for at a discount, which varies with the rate current in the money-market.-Treasury board, the five lords commissioners of the British Treasury.-Treasury note, a note or bill issued by the Treasury Department, on the authority of the government, and receivable for government dues.-Treasury warrant, a warrant or voucher issued by the treasury for sums disbursed by the exchequer.
treat (trēt), v. [Early mod. E. also sometimes traict; <ME. treten, <OF. treter, traiter, traicter F. traiter = Pr. tractar Sp. Pg. tratar = It. trattare, L. tractare, handle, freq. of trahere, draw: see tract1, tract2, v. Cf. entreat, retreat.] I. trans. 1. To behave to or toward; conduct one's self in a certain manner with respect to; use.
She showed a little dislike at my raillery; and, by her bridling up, I perceived she expected to be treated hereafter not as Jenny Distaff, but Mrs. Tranquillus.
Steele, Tatler, No. 104. The doctrines and rites of the established religion they treated with decent reverence. Macaulay, Machiavelli. They [persons] melt so fast into each other that they are like grass and trees, and it needs an effort to treat them as individuals. Emerson, Nominalist and Realist. 2t. To discuss; discourse
O Glastonbury, Glastonbury, the treasurie of the carcases of so famous and so many persons! Hakluyt's Voyages, p. 7. Canon law as a code, and the civil law of Rome as a treasury of procedure, working together in the hands of ecclesiastical lawyers, may be for the moment looked at together. Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 313. 3. Specifically, a place where the public revenues are deposited and kept, and where money is disbursed to defray the expenses of government; also, a place where the funds of an incorporated company or private society are depos- 3t. To address; discourse to. ited and disbursed.
consider. And thei camen to Cafarnaum. And whanne thei weren
Then Teutra tho triet men tretid o this wise: "Ye worshipfull weghes, well be you euer. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 5309.
Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 360. 4t. To negotiato; settle. Page 16
The way in which he [Berlioz] treats it in several parts of the first movement has some of the characteristic qualities of the best kind of development of ideas and figures, in the purely musical sense. Grove, Dict. Music, IV. 39. 6. To look upon; consider; regard.
With apples sweet he did me treat. Andrew Lammie (Child's Ballads, II. 193). "Sir, if you please, I beg that I may treat miss." "We'll settle that another time," answered Mr. Branghton, and put down a guinea. Two tickets of admission were given to him. Miss Burney, Evelina, xxi.
After leaving it and passing out of the two circles of walls, I treated myself, in the most infatuated manner, to another walk round the Cité. II. James, Jr., Little Tour, p. 153. 10t. To entreat; beseech; solicit. Now here's a friend doth to thy fame confesse Thy wit were greater if thy worke were lesse. He from thy labour treats thee to give o're, And then thy ease and wit will be much more. John Taylor, Works (1630). (Nares.) II. intrans. 1. To discourse; handle in writ ing or speaking; make discussion: formerly used absolutely, now followed usually by of, rarely by upon.
The Court of Rome treats it as the immediate suggestion of Hell-open to no forgiveness. De Quincey, Military Nun, v. (Encyc. Dict.) 7. To manage in the application of remedies: as, to treat a fever or a patient. Disease is to be treated by anything that is proved to cure it. O. W. Holmes, Med. Essays, p. 318. 8. To subject to the action of some chemical agent or reagent.-9. To entertain; give a pleasure or treat to; especially, to entertain without expense to the recipient; give food or 2. drink to, as a compliment or an expression of friendliness or regard.
I do perceive Two armed men single, that give us summons As they would treat.
Fletcher Ianother), Queen of Corinth, iv. 3. The Britans, finding themselvs maister'd in fight, forthwith send Embassadors to treat of peace. Milton, Hist. Eng., ii. Wearied and driven to despair, these soldiers were willing to treat. Motley, Dutch Republic, III. 439. 3. To give an entertainment which costs the recipient nothing; especially, to bear the expense of food, drink, or any pleasure for another as a compliment or expression of good will. Compare to stand treat, under treat, n. [Colloq.] Our gen'rous Scenes for Friendship we repeat; And, if we don't Delight, at least we Treat. Prior, Prol. to the Orphan. treat (trēt), n. [<ME. trete (orig. in two syllables: see treaty): see the verb.] 1+. Parley; conference; treaty; discourse; discussion. Comynycasyon and trete schold be had betwyxt hys counsayle and myne. Paston Letters, I. 75. To leave to him that lady for excheat, Or bide him batteill without further treat. Spenser, F. Q., III. viii. 16. 2. An entertainment given as a compliment or expression of regard.
6451 treaty = = my treat now. [Colloq.]-5. Anything which treatment (trēt'ment), n. [< ME. *tretement, Paley, Nat. Theol., xix. treaty, < L. tractare, handle, manage, treat: see treat.] The act or the manner of treating, in any sense. Carrion is a treat to dogs, ravens, vultures, fish. 6. An entreaty.
If she will go! why, did you ever know a widow refuse a treat? no more than a lawyer a fee. Wycherley, Love in a Wood, i. 1. I dined with Mr. Addison and Dick Stuart, lord Mountjoy's brother: a treat of Addison's. Swift, Journal to Stella, vii. 3. Something given as an entertainment; something paid for in compliment to another. About four in the afternoon my wife and I by water to Captain Lambert's, where we took great pleasure in their turret-garden, and afterwards had a very handsome treate, and good musique that she made upon the harpsichon. Pepys, Diary, I. 195. 4. One's turn to treat (see treat, v. i., 3); especially, one of several rounds of drinks: as, it is
At last he headlong made To us to shore, with wofull treats and teares. Vicars, tr. of Virgil (1632). (Nares.) Dutchman's treat, Dutch treat, a repast or other entertainment in which each person pays for himself. [Slang, U. S.]-To stand treat, to pay the expenses of an entertainment for another or others; entertain gratuitously; treat. [Colloq.]
They went out to Versailles with their families; loyally stood treat to the ladies at the restaurateur's. Thackeray, Philip, xx. treatablet (tre'ta-bl), a. [< OF. tretable, traitable, F. traitable Sp. tratable Pg. tratavel= It. trattabile, < L. tractabilis, manageable, tractable, tractare, manage, treat: see treat. Cf. ble; well-disposed; affable. tractable, a doublet of treatable.] 1. Tracta I... gan me aqueynte With him, and fond him so tretable, Right wonder skilful and resonable. Chaucer, Death of Blanche, 1. 533. Yielding; complaisant. Leteth youre ire, and beth somwhat tretable. Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 411. God had furnished him with excellent endowments of nature, a treatable disposition, a strong memory, and a ready invention. Parr, Abp. Usher, p. 2. (Latham.) 3. Disposed; inclined.
Tretable to alle gode. Chaucer, Death of Blanche, 1. 923. 4. Moderate; not violent or excessive.
Yet somewhat there is why a virtuous mind should rather wish to depart this world with a kind of treatable dissolution than to be suddenly cut off in a moment. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 46. His [the country parson's] voice is humble, his words treatable and slow. G. Herbert, Country Parson, vi.
treatably (trē'ta-bli), adv. [ME. tretably; < treatable +-ly2.] Tractably; smoothly; with ease or moderation.
So treatablic speakyng as possible thou can, That the hearers therof may thee vnderstan. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 342. There will be always some skilful persons which can teach a way how to grind treatably the Church with jaws that shall scarce move. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 79. Not too fast; say [recite] tretably. Marston, What you Will, ii. 1. treater (trē ́tér), n. '[< treat + -cr1.] One who treats, in any sense of the word. treating (trē'ting), n. [Verbal n. of treat, v.] The act of one who treats, in any sense. Specifically(a) The practice of inviting one to drink as a compliment or as a civility, often in return for the like favor previously shown. (b) Bribing in parliamentary (or other) elections with meat and drink; in Eng. law, the offense committed by a candidate who corruptly gives, causes to be given, or is accessory to giving, or pays, wholly or in part, expenses for meat. drink, entertainment, or provision for any person, before, during, or after an election, in order to be elected or for being elected, or for corruptly influen. cing any person to give or refrain from giving his vote. A voter who corruptly accepts treating is disqualified for the pending election, and his vote is void. treating-house† (trēʼting-hous), n. A house of refreshment.
I speak this with an eye to those cruel treatments which men of all sides are apt to give the characters of those who do not agree with them. Addison, Spectator, No. 243. Little, alas! is all the good I can, Accept such treatment as a swain affords. Pope, Odyssey, xiv. 71. The question with the modern physician is not, as with the ancient, "shall the treatment be so and so," but "shall there be any treatment beyond a wholesome regimen." H. Spencer. The coda [of Schumann's C Major Symphony] is made by fresh treatment of the figures of the principal subjects in vigorous and brilliant development.
Grove, Dict. Music, IV. 35. Pragmatic treatment. See pragmatic. treaturet (trē'tūr), n. [late ME. treature; < treat-ure.] Treatment. He that hath all thynges subiecte to his hestes, as here is shewed by worchynge of his treature by this water. Fabyan, Chron., cevi. treaty (trē'ti), n.; pl. treaties (-tiz). [< ME. trety, tretec, trete, < OF. traite, traicte, F. traité - Pr. tractat : It. trattato, Sp. Pg. tratado = <ML. tractatus, a conference, assembly, agreement, treaty (in a great variety of senses), < L. tractare, pp. tractatus, handle, manage, treat: see treat, and cf. treatise.] 1t. A discourse; account; document; treatise.
treatise (trē'tis), n. [< ME. tretis, tretys, a treatise; appar. a var., by confusion with tretis, made, esp. well made (see tretis2), of trety, tretee, treaty: see treaty.] 14. Discourse; talk; 4+. An entreaty. tale.
Beyonde the terage [territory] of Troy, as the trety sayse, There was a wonderfull wethur. With a flese . . . of gold.
$ Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 154. Now, lecue freendis, greete and smale, That haue herde this trete, Praie for the soule that wroot this tale A Pater noster, & an auc. Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 78. 2+. The act of treating or handling; conduct; management; treatment; negotiation; discussion; diplomacy. By sly and wys tretee. Chaucer, Merchant's Tale, 1. 448. Host. They call me Goodstock. Lov. Sir, and you confess it, Both in your language, treaty, and your bearing. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1.' 3. An agreement; a compact; specifically, a league or contract between two or more nations or sovereigns, in modern usage formally signed by commissioners properly authorized, and solemnly ratified by the several sovereigns or the supreme power of each state. The term treaty includes all the various transactions into which states enter between themselves, such as treaties of peace or of alliance, truces, and conventions. Treaties may be for political or for commercial purposes, in which latter form they are usually temporary. In most monarchies the power of making and ratifying treaties is vested in the sovereign; in the United States of America it is vested in the President, by and with the consent of the Senate. Treaties may be concluded and signed by diplomatic agents, but these, of course. must be furnished with full powers by the sovereign authority of their respective states.
Treaties, allowed under the law of nations, are uncon strained acts of independent powers, placing them under an obligation to do something which is not wrong. Woolsey, Introd. to Inter. Law, § 98. In the language of modern diplomacy the term treaty is restricted to the more important international agreements, especially to those which are the work of a congress, while agreements dealing with subordinate questions are described by the more general term "convention." Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 530.
Now I must Shak., A. and C., iii. 11. 62. Barrier, convention, extradition, fishery, reciprocity treaty. See the qualifying words. Treatles of guaranty. See guaranty. Treaty-making power, that power of sovereignty which is exercised in the mak ing of treaties with foreign nations. Although it extends to all classes of treaties, including commercial treaties, a treaty made by virtue of it does not have the effect to override the revenue laws of the country when in conflict with them; nor does a treaty itself operate as equivalent to an act of the legislature in a case where the act of the legislature would be otherwise essential. In such case the treaty is regarded as a stipulation for legislative action, which must be had before the courts can enforce the treaty provision; for, except so far as thic treaty is éxterritorial, it does not dispense with the necessity of legislation to carry its stipulations into effect.-Treaty of Adrianople, a treaty between Russia and Turkey in 1829, favorable to the former.-Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. (a) A treaty in 1668, ending the war between France and Spain. (b) A treaty in 1748, terminating the War of the Austrian Succession.-Treaty of Amiens, a treaty between France and its allies and Great Britain in 1802, ending temporarily the contest between these nations.-Treaty of Augsburg, a treaty in 1555 by which religious liberties were secured to the Catholics and Lutherans of Germany.Treaty of Belgrade, a treaty between Turkey and Aus
treaty tria in 1739, advantageous for the former.-Treaty of Berlin, a treaty, concluded by the European powers in 1878, for the settlement of the Eastern question. By it concessions of territory were made to Russia, Rumania, Servia, and Montenegro, the principality of Bulgaria and the prov. ince of Eastern Rumelia were created. Austria-Hungary received the administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina, etc. -Treaty of Breslau, a treaty in 1742, ending the first Silesian war.-Treaty of Bretigny, a treaty between England and France in 1860, generally favorable to the former. -Treaty of Bucharest, a treaty between Russia and Turkey in 1812.-Treaty of Cambrai, a treaty between Francis I. of France and the emperor Charles V. in 1529, generally favorable to the latter.-Treaty of Campo Formio, a treaty between France and Austria in 1797, by which Austria lost Belgium and Lombardy, receiving the greater part of the Venetian territories in indemnification. -Treaty of Carlowitz, a treaty concluded by Turkey with Austria, Venice, and Poland in 1699, unfavorable to the former.-Treaty of Dresden, a treaty in 1745, ending the second Silesian war.-Treaty of Frankfort, a treaty between France and Germany, May 10th, 1871, ending the Franco-German war.- -Treaty of Ghent, a treaty between Great Britain and the United States in Décember, 1814, ending the war of 1812.-Treaty of GuadalupeHidalgo, a treaty between the United States and Mexico in 1848, terminating the Mexican war in favor of the United States.-Treaty of Hubertsburg, a treaty in 1763, ending the Seven Years' War.-Treaty of Jassy, a treaty between Russia and Turkey in 1792, favorable to the former. Treaty of Kutchuk-Kainardji, a treaty be tween Russia and Turkey in 1774, favorable to the former. -Treaty of London. Among the principal so-called treaties of London were those in the nineteenth century, concluded by various European powers, as (a) in 1827, for the pacification of Greece; (b) in 1831, for the settlement of the Belgian question; (c) in 1840, for the settlement of the relations between Turkey and Egypt; (d) in 1871, abrogating the neutrality of the Black Sea-Treaty of Lunéville, a treaty concluded by France with Austria and Germany in 1801, by which France received considerable territory at the expense of Germany.-Treaty of Nimwegen, a series of treaties concluded by France with the Netherlands, the empire, Sweden, etc., in 1678-9, generally favorable to France.-Treaty of Nystad, a treaty between Russia and Sweden in 1721, favorable to Russia.Treaty of Oliva, a treaty in 1660, ending the war between Sweden, Poland, Brandenburg, and the emperor.-Treaty of Paris. Among the principal treaties of Paris were (a) that of 1763, concluded by Great Britain with France, Spain, etc., by which Canada and other territories in America were acquired by Great Britain; (b) that of 1814, between France and the allies; (c) that of 1815, between France and the allies, by which France was reduced nearly to its boundaries of 1790; (d) that of 1856, ending the Crimean war.-Treaty of Passarowitz, a treaty concluded by Turkey with Austria and Venice in 1718, generally unfavorable to Turkey.— Treaty of Passau, a treaty in 1552 by which the emperor Charles V. granted religious liberties to the Lutherans. -Treaty of peace, a treaty the purport of which is to establish or continué a condition of peace between the parties, usually to put an end to a state of war.-Treaty of Prague. (a) A treaty between the emperor Ferdinand II. and Saxony in 1635. (b) A treaty between Prussia and Austria in 1866, by which the former power succeeded the latter in the hegemony of Germany.-Treaty of Pressburg, a treaty between France and Austria in 1805, by which large concessions were made to France and its allies.
trebblet, a., n., and v. An obsolete spelling of treble.
treble (treb'l), a. and n. [Early mod. E. trebble; ME. treble, tribill, OF. treble, treible, triple, L. triplus, threefold: see triple, of which treble is a doublet.] I. a. 1. Threefold; triple.
Regall estate, coucht in the treble crowne,
A skull hid in the earth a treble age Ford, Broken Heart, v. 1. Shall sooner prate. 2. In music, pertaining to the voice or the voice-part called treble or soprano; high in
Bob spoke with a sharp and rather treble volubility. George Eliot, Mill on the Floss, iii. 6. Cottised treble. See cottised.- Treble clef, in musical notation, either a soprano clef (that is, a C clef on the first line of a staff) or a violin-clef (that is, a G clef on the second line). See clef and staff.-Treble coursing, in mining, the expansion of a ventilating current into three currents or courses.-Treble cros3-staff, in her., a crozier triple-crossed, or having the papal cross.Treble fitché. See fitché. II. n. 1. In music: (a) Same as soprano (which see). The term arose from the fact that in early contrapuntal music the chief melody or cantus firmus was given to the tenor (which see), and the voiceparts added above were called respectively the discantus or alto and the treble (that is, 'third' part) or soprano.
Hor. Madam, my instrument's in tune. Shak., T. of the S., iii. 1. 39. Maidenlike, as far As I could ape their treble, did I sing. Tennyson, Princess, iv. (b) A singer with a soprano or treble voice, or an instrument that takes the upper part in concerted music.
Treaty of Ryswick, a series of treaties concluded by France with England, the Netherlands, Spain, and the empire in 1697.-Treaty of San Stefano, a treaty between Russia and Turkey, March, 1878. As its provisions were considered too favorable to Russia, it was superseded by the treaty of Berlin.-Treaty of the Pruth, a treaty between Turkey and Russia in 1711, favorable to the former. Treaty of the Pyrenees, a treaty between France and Spain in 1659, favorable to the former.-Treaty of Tilsit, a series of treaties concluded by France with Russia and Prussia in 1807. Prussia lost a large part of its territory.-Treaty of Troyes, a treaty between France and England in 1420, by which Henry V. of England became heir to the French crown.- Treaty of Utrecht, a treaty in 1713 which, with the treaties of Rastatt and Baden in 1714, terminated the War of the Spanish Succession.Treaty of Versailles, a treaty concluded in 1783 by Great Britain with France, Spain, and the United States, by which the independence of the United States was rec ognized. Treaty of Vienna. The principal treaties of Vienna were-(a) that of 1738, between France, Austria, etc., terminating the War of the Polish Succession; (b) that of 1809, between France and Austria, in favor of the former; (c) that of 1815, by the congress of the Europeanstates, reorganizing the affairs of Europe; (d) that of 1864, between Denmark and allied Austria and Prussia, ending the Schleswig-Holstein war; (e) that of 1866, between Austria and Italy, by which Venetia was ceded to the latter. treble-sinewed (treb'l-sin" ud), a. Having thrice the ordinary strength. [Rare.] -Treaty of Washington, a treaty between Great Britain and the United States in 1871, which provided for the settlement of the Alabama claims by the Geneva tribunal, and for the settlement of the boundary and fisheries disputes. -Treaty of Westphalia, a treaty or series of treaties in 1648, ending the Thirty Years' War.-Treaty of Zürich, a treaty concluded by France and Sardinia with Austria in 1859, by which Austria ceded Lombardy to Sardinia. (See Crimean, Silesian, succession, war, etc.)
Hearing of Frank their son, the miller, play upon his treble, as he calls it, with which he earnes part of his living, and singing of a country song, we sat down to supPepys, Diary, Sept. 17, 1663. per.
Also triplex. 2. In short whist, a game which counts three treble (treb'l), v.; pret. and pp. trebled, ppr. trebling. [Early mod. E. also trebble; ME. *treblen, trybyllen ; < treble, a.] I. trans. 1. To make thrice as much; make threefold; multi- ply by three; triple.
To Trybylle; triplare, triplicare. Cath. Ang., p. 393. 2t. To utter in a high or treble tone; hence, to whine.
He outrageously Fletcher (and another), Noble Gentleman, ii. 1. chester treble-bar. treble-dated (treb'l-dā ̋ted), a. Living three times as long as man. [Rare.]
And thou, treble-dated crow. Shak., Phoenix and Turtle. trebleness (treb'l-nes), n. ity of being high in pitch; shrillness.
The just and measured proportion of the air percussed, Compare them as to the point of their relative shrillness or trebleness. S. Lanier, Sci. of Eng. Verse, p. 34.
I will be treble-sinew'd, hearted, breathed, And fight maliciously.
Shak., A. and C., iii. 13. 178. treblet (treb'let), n. [< treble + -et. Cf. trip- let.] Same as triblet. treble-tree (treb'l-trē), n. In vehicles, a triple whiffletree; a combination of whiffletrees for three horses; a three-horse equalizer. trebly (treb'li), adv. In a treble manner; in a threefold number or quantity; triply: as, a good deed trebly recompensed.
trechour a trebuchet; < OF. trebucher, trabucher, trcsbucher, F. trébucher Pr. trabucar, trusbuchar, trebucar = Sp. trabucar = Pg. trabucar, traboccare, stumble, tumble, OF. also overbalance, overweigh; prob. < L. trans, over, + OF. buc, the trunk of the body, < OHG. buh, G. bauch, belly: see bouk1.] 1. In medieval warfare, a missile engine resembling the ballista. It was used especially by besiegers, for making a breach or for casting B
Then bring an opiate trebly strong. bucket; ME. *trebuchet, tribochet, trepeget, trep- get, trepgette, trebgot, < OF. trebuchet, trebuquet, trabuquet, F. trebuchet (= Pr. trabuquet Sp. Pg. trabuquete = It. trabocchetto, ML. trebu- chetum), a military engine for throwing stones, a pitfall for beasts or birds, a kind of balance,
D Trebuchet as described and figured in the Album of Villard de Honnecourt, 13th century. (From Viollet-le-Duc's "Dict. du Mobilier français.") The weight C (a box filled with stones or earth) acted to keep the lever in a vertical position, AB. The lever was drawn backward to the position A'B' by a tackle acting on the pulley F, which was hooked at E to the traveling pulley I. A pin at E kept these hooks in place, and when knocked out released the lever. The cords of the tackle passed over the windlasses D, which were worked by the handspikes a, a, acting in the directions b, . The projectile was held in the pocket or bag M. As the lever flew up to the vertical, this pocket was whirled around like a sling. It is supposed that a cord P checked this rotary motion and released the projectile suddenly, the length of the cord determining the angle of the projectile's flight
The state or qual- largely manufactured here.
stones and other missiles into beleaguered towns and cas.
"Nay, Will," quod that wygt, "wend thou no ferther, Of trepeget or mangonel.
Rom. of the Rose, 1. 6279. 2. A kind of balance or scales used in weighing coins or other small articles, the pan containing which tilts over if the balance is not exact.
The French pattern of trebuchet, or tilting scale, now Lea, Photography, p. 420.
3. A kind of trap for catching small birds or animals by the tilting of the part on which the bait is placed.-4. A cucking-stool.
She [a common scold] may be indicted, and, if convicted, shall be sentenced to be placed in a certain engine of correction called the trebucket, castigatory, or cucking-stool. Blackstone, Com., IV. xiii. trebucketf, n. Same as trebuchet. trecentist (tra-chen'tist), n. [< It. trecentista, < trecento, q. v.] An admirer or imitator of the productions of Italian art or literature in the fourteenth century; a follower of the style of the trecento.
period. Pultenham, Partheniades, iii.
Antonio Cesari (died in 1828) was the chief of the Trecentists, a school which carried its love of the Italian authors of the 14th century to affectation.
Amer. Cyc., IX. 464. trecento (tra-chen'tō), n. [It., three hundred, used for thirteen hundred' (cf. cinque-cento), L. tres, three, + centum, hundred: see three and cent.] The fourteenth century in Italian art and literature: used with reference to the distinguishing styles or characteristics of the productions of Italian artists or writers of that
trechometer (tre-kom'e-tér), n. [Irreg. <Gr.
cer. tredille, tredrille (tre-dil', -dril′), n. [Also
treddle1, n. See treadle. Whom they slew and hanged on a tree. Acts x. 39.
I was playing at eighteen-penny tredrille with the
= OIr. = = = = = ←― Walpole, To H. S. Conway, Sept. 27, 1774. tree (tre), n.; pl. trees, formerly also treen. [< ME. tree, tre, treo, treou, trew, trow, < AS. treó, treów, triów (pl. treówu, treów, tréo) = ONorth. treó, trē, trēw = OS. trio, treo (trew-) = OFries. trē MD. tree = Icel. trē Sw. trä, wood, träd, tree, Norw. tre Dan. træ = Goth. triu (triw-), a tree, also wood, a piece of wood (both senses appar. existing in all the languages cited); not in HG. except as in the derived word cognate with E. tarl (for the ordinary G. word, see holt1) (Teut. Vtrew-Indo-Eur. derw-, dori-, dru-); - W. derw, also dár (pl. deri) dair (gen. darach), daur (gen. daro, dara), later Ir. darog, darag OGael. dair, an oak; (a) OBulg. driero Serv. drijevo Bohem. drzhevo Pol. drzewo, a tree, Upper Sorbian drevo, wood, Little Russ. derevo, drevo = White Russ. drevo = Russ. derevo, drevo, a tree, Lith. derva, resinous wood (see tar1); (b) OBulg. druva, wood, Slovenian drva, wood, Bulg. druvo, tree, druva, wood, = Serv. drvo, tree, drva, wood, = Bohem. diva, wood, Pol. drwa, wood, Little Russ. dryva, dyrva-White Russ. drovy = Russ. drova, wood (orig. Slavic *dervo, tree, *druvo, chiefly in plural, wood); = Gr. Spus, a tree, esp. an oak-tree, dópu (orig. *Sépv), wood, timber, a spear, Skt. daru, wood, a species of pine, dru, wood, = Zend dru, wood. By some explained as orig. 'a piece of wood peeled' or stripped of the bark; but the con- nection with Gr. depew, skin, flay (= E. tear1), is phonetically impossible and notionally improb- able, as the sense 'tree' is equally early in the records, and must have been earlier in fact; a standing tree would hardly derive its name from a name first given to a tree cut down and cut to pieces. Hence ult. tar1 and prob. trough1.] 1. A perennial plant which grows from the ground with a single permanent woody self-supporting trunk or stem, ordinarily to a height of at least 25 or 30 feet. The line which divides trees from shrubs is largely arbitrary, and dependent upon habit rather than size, the tree having a single trunk usually unbranched for some distance above the ground, while a shrub has usu- ally several stems from the same root and each without a proper trunk. (See shrub1.) Certain trees are anomalous or ambiguous in various respects. One is the giant cactus, with its columnar woody stem (see saguaro); another is the tree-fern. Some vines are of such dimensions as to form climbing trees-as, for example, species of Metro- sideros in New Zealand, which at length destroy the sup porting tree and stand in its place. The banana and plan- tain, though transient and somewhat herbaceous, are called trees from their size. In a special use a low plant (as a rose) trained into tree-form is called a tree. A large trained vine is also sometimes so called. In general, trees are either endogenous or exogenous, by far the greater num- ber both of individuals and of species belonging to the lat- ter class. Those of which the whole foliage falls off period- ically, leaving them bare in winter, are called deciduous; those of which the foliage falls only partially, a fresh crop of leaves being always supplied before the mature leaves are exhausted, are called evergreen. Trees are also dis- tinguished as nuciferous, or nut-bearing; bacciferous, or berry-bearing; coniferous, or cone-bearing, etc. Some are forest-trees, and useful for timber or fuel; others are fruit- trees, and cultivated in gardens and orchards; others serve chiefly for shade and ornament.
Be it by ensample in somer-tyme on trowes, There somme bowes ben leued and somme bereth none. Piers Plowman (B), xv. 94. Then in the Forests should huge boughes be seen Born with the bodies of vnplanted Treen. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 2.
0453 In whose capacious hall, (b) A natural figuration having more or less resemblance to a tree, assumed by or appearing on the surface of some substances under certain conditions. (c) In math., a dia- gram composed of branching lines. (d) In electrolytic cells, a formation of tree-like groups of crystals projecting from the plates. In some forms of storage batteries these tree-formations are apt to give trouble by short-circuiting the cells.
2. A figure resembling a tree. Specifically-(a) A
3. A gallows or gibbet; especially, the cross
In a greet hous ben not oneli vessels of gold and of sil- Chaucer, Prol. to Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 101.
5t. A piece of wood; a stick; specifically, a
They vse sadles made of wood & sinewes, with the tree gilded. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 314. All gloves are better and more shapely if dried on glove- trees or wooden hands. Workshop Receipts, 2d ser., p. 123. Abba-tree, species of the fig in western Africa, to which attention has recently been called as sources of india-rub- ber.-Barrel-tree. Same as bottle-tree. Big tree. See big and Sequoia.-Blueberry-tree. See Myoporum.- Christmas tree. See Christmas.-Dominant branch of a tree, in math. Sec dominant.-Genealogical tree. See def. 2 (a) and genealogic.-Geometrical tree, a dia- gram like a graph.-Holy tree. See holy-Mammoth tree. Same as big tree.-Nephritic tree. See nephritic. -Respiratory tree. See respiratory.St. Thomas tree. See saint!.-Santa Maria tree, the calaba-tree, Calophyllum Calaba, of tropical America. reddish straight-grained timber, thought to be a suitable substitute for the plainer kinds of mahogany. Stinging a tree. Same as nettle-tree, 2.-Three treest. See three.- Lest he... take also of the tree of life, and cat, and Gen. 22. live for ever.
tree-creepor opossums, and squirrels; compel to take refuge in a tree, as a man fleeing from wolves.
He was deploring the dreadful predicament in which he larly up a tree, by jingo!" exclaimed the modest boy, who could not face the gentlest of her sex. Thackeray, Vanity Fair, xxxiv. tree (tre), v. [< tree, n.] I. trans. 1. To drive into a tree, as a hunted animal fitted for climb- ing, such as animals of the cat kind, racoons,
... once her mother had Polly... told us how... treed a painter, and kept him up in his perch for hours by threatening him whenever he offered to come down, until her husband came home and shot him. H. B. Stowe, Oldtown, p. 357.
It will not prevent treeing; and therefore it will not A variety of agato Lytell Geste of Robyn Hode (Child's Ballads, V. 57). with red, brown, or black dendritic or tree-like Anes I slew his sisters son, markings, found in India and Brazil. An artifi And on his breist-bane brak a tree.cial product so named is made by staining chalcedony or natural agate with tree-like markings.Lytell Johan toke none other mesure But his bowe tre. tree-agate (trē′ag′′ật), n. Johnie Armstrang (Child's Ballads, VI. 49). in tree-aloe (trē ́alo), 1. An aloe-plant, Aloë dichotoma, of southwestern Africa. The hollowed in stem serves as a quiver for poisoned arrows, whence it is also called quiver-tree. 6. In mech., one of numerous pieces or fram- tree-asp (trē'asp), n. A venomous serpent of tree-azalea (trē ́a-zālē-ži), n. A shrub or small tree, Rhododendron arborescens, of the Azalea section of that genus, found in the mountains from Pennsylvania to Georgia. It has very fra- grant rose-colored flowers. Also smooth azalea. tree-bear (trē ́bãr), n. The racoon. [Local, U. S.] A South American tree-boa (trē ́bō"ä), n. An arboricole boa or anaconda; a large tree-climbing serpent of the family Boidæ. One of numerous differ- tree-bug (trē’bug), n.ent hemipterous insects which feed on trees and shrubs by sucking the juices, especially of the family Pentatomidæ. Rhaphigaster pennsyl vanicus is the large green tree-bug; Arma modesta is the modest tree-bug; and Pentatoma ligata is the bound tree- bug. Compare tree-hopper. tree-cabbage (trē kab"aj), n. See cabbage1, 1. tree-cactus (trē kak"tus), n. The saguaro, and perhaps other large cacti. tree-calf (trē'käf), n. See tree calf, under calf1. tree-cat (trē'kat), n. A palm-cat or paradoxure. tree-celandine (trē ́sel"an-din), n. See cclan- dine. tree-climber (trēʼkli"mér), n. Any animal, etc., which habitually climbs trees. (a) A tree-creeper. (b) The climbing-perch, Anabas scandens. See Anabas. tree-clipper (trē klip"ėr), n. A tree-creeper. [Local, Eng.] tree-clover (trē’klō"ver), n. The sweet clover, Melilotus alba, and perhaps other species. tree-coffin (tre'kof"in), ". A coffin made by hollowing out a section of a tree-trunk.
The process of crimping, treeing, etc., in the manufacturing of leather into boots and shoes. C. T. Davis, Leather, p. 418. II. intrans. 1. To take refuge in a tree, as a hunted animal. [Rare.] Besides treeing, the [wild] cat will take advantage of some hole in the ground, and disappear, as suddenly as ghosts at cock-crowing.
T. B. Thorpe, Backwoods, p. 180. (Bartlett.) 2t. To grow to the size of a tree. Fuller.—3. To take the form of a tree, or a tree-like shape, as a metal deposited from a solution of one of its salts under the action of an electric current.
At Stowborough, Dorsetshire, where a body was discov- ton-plant, Gossypium arboreum, becoming a shrub or low tree, widely cultivated in East Indian gardens, but scarcely grown for fiber. Beneath the white wool the seeds are covered with a dense green down. tree-coupling (tre’kup❝ling), ገ. In a vehicle, a piece uniting a swingletree to a doubletree. E. H. Knight.tree-crab (trē’krab), n. A certain land-crab,
tree-creeper in trees. (a) The true creepers. See Certhiida. (b) The South American birds of the family Anabatidæ or Dendrocolaptidæ. See the techuical words, and cut under Dendrocolaptes. tree-cricket (tre'krik"et), n. A cricket of the genus Ecanthus. The snowy tree-cricket, E. niveus, of a delicate greenish-white color, often injures the raspberry by laying its eggs in the young shoots. See Ecanthus. tree-crow (trē'krō), n. One of various corvine birds of China, India, etc., of a character intermediate between jays and crows, and belonging to such genera as Crypsirhina, Cissa (or Kitta), and Dendrocitta. The temia, Crypsirhina vari ans, is 13 inch
es long, main ly of a bottle- green color with black face and bill Snowy Tree-cricket (Ecanthus niveus). and bright- a, male, dorsal view; b, female, lateral view. blue eyes. It inhabits the Burmese countries, Cochin-China, and Java. C. cucullata, of Burma and Upper Pegu, is quite different. There are at least 8 species of Dendrocitta. See Crypsirhi na, tree-pie, and cuts under sirgang and temia.- Wattled tree-crow, a wattle-crow. See Callæatinæ, Glaucopinæ, and cut under wattle-crow.
tree-cuckoo (tre'kük" ö), n. An arboricole
Tree-dove (Macropygia reinwardti). gia in a broad sense, as M. reinwardti, from the Moluccan and Papuan islands. This is about 20 inches long, with a long broad tail, red feet, and ashy va plumage ried in some parts with white, black, and chestnut. There are 24 or more species of this group. tree-duck (trē'duk), n. See duck2 and Dendrocygna (with cut). tree-fern
(trē fèrn), n. One of several species of ferns that attain to the size of trees. They. belong mostly to the tribe Cyatheæ, and are con
6454 An ama fined to the tropics, where they form a striking feature of See finch1. tree-fish (tre'fish), n. One of the Californian rock-fishes, Sebastichthys serriceps. tree-fly (tre'fli), n. A dipterous insect of the family Xylophagidæ.tree-frog (tre'frog), n. Any batrachian which lives in trees. (a) A tree-toad. (b) More properly, a true frog (belonging to the family Ranide) of arboreal habits. There are many species, of different genera, in the Old World. Some have suckers on their toes and some have webbed hind toes, See cut under flying-frog. -Spurred tree-frog. See spurred. tree-fuchsia (tre'fu"shiä), n. A fuchsia trained in tree form. tree-germander (tre'jer-man"der), n. A shrub, Teucrium fruticans, of the Mediterranean re- gion, also cultivated in gardens. tree-goldenrod (tre'gōl"dn-rod), n. rantaceous plant, Bosia Yervamora, of the Ca- naries, a robust ill-smelling shrub with vir- gate branches, bearing nearly spicate axillary and terminal racemes of small flowers. tree-goose (tre'gös), n. 1. A cirriped of the genus Lepas or Anatifa; a barnacle; a goose- mussel. See Anatifa, Lepas, and cut under bar- nacle1, 2.-2. The barnacle-goose, Bernicla leu- copsis: from the old fable that they grow on trees from barnacles. See cut under barnacle. Whereas those scattered trees, which naturally partake The fatness of the soil (in many a slimy lake Their roots so deeply soak'd), send from their stocky bough A soft and sappy gum, from which those tree-geese grow Call'd barnacles by us. Drayton, Polyolbion, xxvii. 304. tree-hair (tre'har), n. Same as horsetail-lichen. See heath, 2, and bruyère. tree-hoopoe (tre'hö"po), n. A bird of the ge- nus Irrisor (which see, with cut). Also called wood- hoopoe. tree-hopper (trē'hop"èr), 1. Any one of a number of homopterous insects of the families Membra- cidæ, Tettigoniidæ, and Jas- Buffalo Trec-hopper (Cere- sidæ, which frequent trees or arborescent plants. Cere- sa bubalus is the buffalo tree-hop- per, so called from its bison-like hump and horns. It punctures the twigs of various trees in oviposition, and injures their vitality. a sa bubalus). a, lateral view; b, dorsal view. tree-houseleek. (tre'hous "lēk), n. Same as houseleek-tree. tree-kangaroo (tre'kang-ga-rö"), n. An arbo- real kangaroo of the genus Dendrolagus. See cut under Dendrolagus. tree-lark (tre'lärk), n. trivialis. The tree-pipit, Anthus ing treeless. St. Nicholas, XVIII. 472. The state of be- tree-lily (tre'lil"i), n. A plant of the genus Vellozia.
Tree-fern (Cybothium regale).
tree-lizard (tre'liz"ärd), n. A dendrosaurian; tree-marbling (tre'mär"bling), n. The stain- ing or marbling on the edges of a book or for the lining of a book in imitation of the pattern used for a binding in tree-calf. tree-medic (tre'med"ik), n. Same as moon- trefoil.
tree-protector (Fallows). The name is applicable to the product of any tree-moss (trē ́môs), n.
tree-mignonette (tre'min-yo-net"), n. See mign onette. tree-milk (tre'milk), n. The juice of an asclepi-
tree-mouse (tre'mous), n. A mouse of the family Muride and subfamily Dendromyinæ, of arboreal habits. treen1+ (tren), a. [< ME. treen, < AS. treówen, triwen, wooden, of wood, < treó, trców, tree, wood: see tree and -cn2.] 1. Wooden: especially noting plates and dishes. See trencher2. Wrie hem quycly with a treen rake. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 140.
Presenting of that meate to the Idoll, and then carrie it to the King on a great Leafe, in a treene Platter. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 492. 2. Pertaining to or derived from trees.
A large Tract of the World almost altogether subsists on these Treen Liquors, especially that of the Date. Evelyn, Sylva, p. 73.
In the treen2+ (trēn), n. An old plural of tree.
The number of treens are 180, and usually contain from three to four quarterlands. In the Manx language, the word treen is defined to be a township. dividing tithe into three. In this respect it corresponds with the arrangement made by Olave I., who divided tithes into three parts: one for the clergy, another for the bishop, and a third for the abbey of Rushen.
N. and Q., 3d ser., VIII. 310. treenail (trē'nal, technically, in sense 1, tren'l
The Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite tells of the tree-nymph, long-lived, yet not immortal. E. B. Tylor, Prim. Culture (ed. 1877), II. 219. tree-of-sadness (tre'ov-sad'nes), n. See Nyc tanthes. tree-oil (tre'oil), n. tree-onion (tre'un "yon), n. Same as tung-oil. tree-orchis (tre'ôr kis), n. An orchid of the See onion. epiphytic genus Epidendrum.tree-oyster (trē'ois"tèr), n. A kind of oyster, of the genus Dendrostræa, which grows on the tree-partridge (trē'pär"trij), n. roots of the mangrove. A partridge or quail of the genus Dendrortyx, of the warmer parts of America. See cut under Odontopho rinæ.
tree-pie (tre'pi), n. An arboricole tree-dove and Treron. tree-pipit (trē'pip"it), n. A pipit, Anthus trivialis (or arboreus), one of the several species which are common in the British Islands and elsewhere; a tree-lark. See pipit and Anthus. tree-poppy (tre' pop"i), ". tree-poke (trē'pōk), n. See Phytolacca. tree-porcupine (tre pôr ku-pin), n. See poppy. An arboreal porcupine, especially a South American porcupine of the genus Sphingurus. See coentree-primrose (tre'prim"roz), n. See Enothera. doo, and cut under prehensile. vice placed about a tree-trunk to prevent intree-protector (tre'pro-tek"tor), n. Any desects from crawling up the bark. It may be a circular trough kept filled with water or other fluid, or a band of paper or fabric coated with tar, etc.
tree-pigeon (trē'pij" on), n. The tree-crab.
tree-pruner tree-pruner (tre'prö"ner), n. Any apparatus or implement for pruning trees. In one form it consists of a long pole or staff whereby pruning-shears may be placed in position to cut off small branches which cannot be reached by the hands while the operator is standing on the ground, and an iron shaft turning in bearings attached to the pole, screw-threaded at the upper end, and having the threaded part fitted into a nut swiveled to a lazy-tongs movement that forcibly closes the shears to sever the branch. See cuts under aberuncatur.
The treescapes, the wood and water peeps, are fine just before you reach Darlington. Dr. Gordon Stables, quoted in N. and Q., 7th ser., I. 206. tree-scraper (tre'skra"pèr), n. A tool, consisting of a triangular blade attached flatwise to a handle, for scraping old bark and moss from trees, and also for gathering turpentine. tree-serpent (tre'ser"pent), n. Any snake of the family Dendrophida; a tree-snake. treeship (tre'ship), n. [< tree-ship.] Existence as a tree; the condition of being or becoming a tree. [Rare.]
While thus through all the stages thou hast push'd Of treeship-first a seedling, hid in grass; Then twig; then sapling. Cowper, Yardley Oak. tree-shrew (trē'shrö), n. An animal of the genus Tupaia (which see, with cut); a squirrelshrew. The Peguan tree-shrew is a Burmese species, T. peguana. tree-shrike (trē'shrik), n. A bush-shrike; a bird of the subfamily Thamnophilinæ. See cut under Thamnophilinæ. tree-snake (tre'snāk), n. A serpent of the family Dendrophidæ. See cut under Dendrophis. tree-sorrel (tre'sor"el), n. An arborescent shrub, Rumex Lunaria, of the Canaries. tree-soul (trē'sōl), n. A vivifying sentient spirit imagined by tree-worshipers to exist in every tree.
Orthodox Buddhism decided against the tree-souls, and consequently against the scruple har them, declaring trees to have no mind nor sentient principle. E. B. Tylor, Prim. Culture, I. 475. tree-sparrow (tre'spar"ō), n. 1. In Great Britain, Passer montanus, a near relative of the house-sparrow. It has been naturalized to some extent in the United States. See Passer2 and sparrow.-2. In the United States, Spizella monticola. This is a very common sparrow, belonging to the same genus as the chipping-sparrow, and much resembling it, but larger and more northerly in habitat, being chiefly seen in the United States in the late fall, winter, and early spring months. It is at least 6 inches long and 9 in extent. The under mandible is in part yellow, the toes are quite blackish, and there is a dark spot in the middle of the breast, as in the song-sparrow, but no streaks on the under parts. The cap is chestnut, much like the chip-bird's, and the back is streaked with brown, bay, and flaxen. It chiefly haunts shrubbery and undergrowth. The name perpetuates the original mistake of J. R. Forster (1772), who took it for the bird of def. 1.
tree-squirrel (tre'skwur"el), n. A true or typical squirrel; one of the arboreal species of the genus Sciurus proper, as distinguished from any of the ground-squirrels, prairie-squirrels, marmot-squirrels, flying-squirrels, etc. See cuts under chickaree, fox-squirrel, Sciurus, and squirrel. tree-swallow (tre'swol"ō), n. 1. An Australian swallow of the genus Hylochelidon, called in that country martin, and laying in holes in trees.-2. The white-bellied swallow, Tachycineta (or Iridoprocne) bicolor, which still nests in trees even in populous districts of the United States. tree-swift (tre'swift), n. An Oriental swift of the genus Dendrochelidon, of which the species are several, wide-ranging in India and eastward. treet (trēt), n. [Prob. ult. <L. triticum, wheat.] 1t. Ground wheat unsifted; flour of whole wheat.-2. A kind of bran. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] tree-tiger (trē'ti"ger), n. The leopard. See cuts under leopard and panther. tree-toad (tre tod), n. Any arboreal toad, usually of the family Hylidæ. They are true toads (in the sense of being bufoniform batrachians), though often miscalled tree-frogs. They are provided with adhesive suckers on the ends of the toes with which to cling, and many are noted for their chameleon-like changes of color. There is only one European tree-toad, Hyla arborea. The corresponding species in the United States is H. versicolor,
6455 about two inches long, and of variegated as well as changeable colors. The shrill piping heard in spring and summer in many parts of the United States is made by treetoads, as Acris gryllus, A. crepitans, Hyla pickeringi, and H. versicolor, as well as by some of the small Hylidæ which are aquatic, as Helocetes triseriatus. The species of tree
American Tree-toad (Hyla versicolor). toads are very numerous, about 175 in number, of which by far the greater part inhabit tropical America. Those of the genus Phyllomedusa are usually included among the Hylida. The lichened tree-toad is Trachycephalus lichenatus, of the same family. Members of the genus Amphignathodon (of a different family) are of arboreal habits, and resemble the Hylidæ. Some true frogs (raniform batrachians) are also of arboreal habits, and to these the name tree-frog should be, though it is not, restricted. See tree-frog (b), and cut under Phyllomedusa.
The tree-toad chimed in with his loud trilling chirrup. S. Judd, Margaret, i. 14. Glandless tree-toads, the members of a supposed family Polypedetidæ, mostly arboreal Ranidæ, with dilated toes and no parotoids.-Spurred tree-toad. See spurred. tree-tomato (tre'tō-mä ̋tō); n. 1. See tomato. -2. See Cyphomandra. tree-top (tre'top), n. The top or uppermost part of a tree.
How peaceful sleep The tree-tops altogether!
Browning, Paracelsus, iii. See violet. tree-violet (tre'vi"ō-let), n. tree-warbler (tre'wâr"bler), n. Any Old World warbler of the genus (or section of Sylvia) Hypolais, as the icterine, H. icterina; the melodious, H. polyglotta; the olive, H. olivetorum; the olivaceous, H. pallida; the booted, H. caligata. They are a small group, connecting the willowwarblers (Phylloscopus) with the reed-warblers (Acrocephalus), having the nearly even tail of the former and the large bill of the latter. They lay eggs of a French-gray or salmon ground-color. Compare parallel use of woodwarbler for a certain group of American warblers. One of several waxtree-wax (tre'waks), n. like substances produced from trees in various ways; specifically, the Japan wax. See wax2. Tree-wax (probably that secreted by Coccus Pe-la on the branches of Fraxinus Chinensis).
treget treflé (tref-la'), a. [< F. tréflé, trèfle, trefoil: see trefle.] In her.: (a) Ending in a threelobed figure or trefoil: said especially of a cross of which each branch is so finished. (b) Decorated with triple leaves or flowers elsewhere than at the end: thus, a bend treflé has such flowers along one side, usually the upper or sinister side, the trefoil flowers often resembling the upper parts of fleurs-de-lis. treflee (tref-lē'), a. [< F. tréflé: see treflé.] Same as treflé. = trefoil (tre'foil), n. and a. [<ME. trefoil, < OF. trifoil, trefcul, *trefle, treffle, F. trèfle Pr. trcfucil Sp. Pg. trifolio It. trifoglio, < L. trifolium, trefoil, lit. three-leaved (sc. gramen, grass), tres, three, folium, a leaf: see foil1.] I. n. 1. A plant of the genus Trifolium; clover. The name is given to various other plants with trifoliolate leaves, in England somewhat specifically to the black medic, Medicago lupulina, grown for pasture. See clover, Stylosanthes, and specific names below.
Workshop Receipts, 2d ser., p. 336. tree-wool (trē'wil), n. Same as pine-needle wool. See pine-needle. tree-wormt (tre'werm), n. [K ME. treworm; tree, wood, + worm.] The ship-worm or teredo.. Halliwell. tree-wormwood (tre'werm" wid), n. See worm wood. Worship or tree-worship (tre'wer"ship), n. religious veneration paid to trees by primitive races of men, from the belief that they were the fixed abode or a favorite resort of spirits capable of influencing human destiny. Many different kinds of trees have been specific objects of worship, but particularly the oak, as among the Druids. In Greek mythology some special tree was in many cases sacred to an individual deity, as the oak to Zeus (Jupiter) to the laurel to the ash to Ares the olive to Athena (Minerva), the myrtle to Aphrodite (Venus), etc. Tree-worship was practised by the early Buddhists, though not enjoined by their scriptures, and traces of it remain among them, as among many other pagan peoples; and it existed throughout Europe before the introduction of Christianity. The Old Testament has many indications of its existence among the peoples surrounding the Jews, and of lapses into the practice of it by the Jews themselves.
One who tree-worshiper (tre'wer"ship-er), n. pays religious worship or veneration to trees; a heathen who worships trees or a particular tree. tref (tref), a. [Heb.] Unlawful; unclean: opposed to kosher as used by Hebrews. Same as thrifallow. trefallowt, v. t. In her., same as bottony. treffled (tref'ld), a. trefle (tref'l), n. [< OF. *trefle, treffle, F. trèfle, the plant trefoil: see trefoil.] 1. A trefoil; any object forming or representing a trefoil.-2. In fort., a species of mine in the form of a trefoil.-3. In her., same as trefoil, 4.
The delicate trefoil that muffled warm A slope on Ida. T. B. Aldrich, Piscataqua River. 2t. The third leaf put forth by a young plant. To make hem [cabbages] hoor as frost eke crafte is fonde: Let grounden glasse goo sifte on hem aboute, When thaire trefoil or quaterfoil is oute. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. S. 3. An ornamental feathering or foliation used in medicval Pointed architecture in the heads of window-lights, tracery, panelings, etc., in which the spaces between the cusps represent a threelobed figure. ది In the triforium string-course of the Cathedral of Amiens, the compound trefoil ornament is noticeable for its beauty of outline. C. H. Moore, Goth[ic Architec[ture, p. 277. 4. In her., a supbearing posed to repre sent a clover
Trefoil.- Detail of tracery from Lincoln Cathedral, England.
leaf. It consists usually of three rounded and slightly pointed leaves set in a formal way at the three upper extremities of a small cross, the lower extremity of which terminates in different ways. Also trefle. 5. A bombycid moth, Lasiocampa trifolii, whose larva feeds on grass and clover in Europe. Also called grass-egger and clover-egger.-Bird's-foot trefoil. See bird's-foot and Lotus, 2-Bitumen-trefoil. See Psoralea.-Bog-trefoil. Sanie as bog-bean.- Hare'sfoot trefoil. See hare's foot, 1.-Marsh-trefoil. See bog-bean and Menyanthes.-Melilot trefoil, the black medic, Medicago lupulina. Also trefoil-melilot.-Shrubby trefoil. Same as hop-tree. See Pielea.-Snail-trefoil. Same as snail-clover.- Spanish trefoil. Same as lucerne. -Thorny trefoil, a thorny shrub of the genus Fagonia, order Zygophylleæ, especially F. Cretica of the Mediterranean region.-Tree-trefoil, the laburnum.-Trefoil of the diaphragm. See diaphragm.-Water-trefoil. Same as bog-bean. (See also bean-trefoil, heart-trefoil, hop trefoil, moon-trefoil, tick-trefoil.) II. a. Characterized by the presence or prominence of a trefoil or trefoils; consisting of trefoils; thrice foliated.
The smaller Benedictine church, ... whose bell-tower groups so well with Saint Nicolas, employs in that belltower a trefoil arch. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 21. trefoiled (tre'foild), a. [< trefoil + -cd2.] 1. Formed like or having the outlines of a trefoil; clover-leafed; three-lobed: as, a trefoiled arch.
It seems by no means improbable that these pointed domes, gablets, and trefoiled arches may have strongly affected the architecture of the Saracens.
Encyc. Brit., II. 396. 2. In her., same as bottony. trefoilwise (tre'foil-wiz), adv. In the manner of a triple foliation, or of a combination of trefoils.
are Groups of three globulites massed trefoilwise not uncommon. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLV. 64. trefoliated (tre-fo'li-a-ted), a. [< L. trifolium (see trefoil) +-atel+-ed2.] Same as trefoiled. On the south side of the window is the piscina, with its trefoliated and cusped arch. Trans. Hist. Soc. of Lancashire and Cheshire, N. S., V. 141. tregett, tragett, n. [ME., < OF. tresgiet, a juggling trick, L. trajectus, transjectus, a crossing or passing over: see traject. Cf. tregetour.] Jug Page 17
treget 6456 Trematoda glery; illusion; guile; craft; trickery; deceit; trek, track1, and scout4.] A track-boat or canal- An obsolete spelling of species; < Gr. Tрua, a hole, TεTрαÍVEL (√ Tрα), trellicet (trel'is), n. trellis. la, also tricla, bower, arbor, summer-house: see trail2.] 1. A structure of light cross-bars, = also to Ceylon, and is known as charcoal-tree in India, where it springs up profusely in deserted grounds. 2. [l. c.] In anat.: (a) A foramen. (b) The vulva. [Rare.] Tremadoc slate (tre-mad'ok slat). A division of the Lower Silurian: so named by Sedgwick because occurring near Tremadoc in Carnarvonshire. It is at the top of this subdivision of the older rocks of this region, in regard to whose nomenclature there has been so much dispute, that the line between Cambrian and Silurian is drawn in England by those English geologists who desire to use the former name. See Silurian. tremando (tra-män'do), adv. [It., trembling, ppr. of tremare, tremble: see tremble.] In music, same as tremolando. Tremandra (tre-man'dra), n. [NL. (R. Brown, 1814), named from the remarkably tremulous anthers; L. tremere, tremble,+ Gr.ȧvip (avdp-), male (taken for 'anther').] A genus of plants, type of the order Tremandreæ, distinguished by its jointed anthers and opposite leaves. The 2 species are natives of southwestern Australia. They are shrubs, more or less downy with stellate hairs, and bear ovate dentate leaves and axillary purple flowers. The T. verticillata of greenhouse cultivation, now separated as Platytheca yalioides, on account of its whorled leaves and biseriate unjointed anthers, is known as purple heathflower.
All to-fowled is my faire fruyte, That neuer dyd treget ne truyte With theuys that loue ryot vnrigte. Holy Rood (ed. Morris), p. 198. Truyt and treget to helle schal terve. Holy Rood (ed. Morris), p. 207. Rom. of the Rose, 1. 6825. tregetourt, tragetourt, n. [ME., also tregettour, trajetour, trajitour, < OF. * tresgettour, tresgetteres, trajectaire, a juggler, one who leaps through hoops: see treget.] One who practised legerdemain or sleight of hand; a prestigiator; a magician; a juggler who produced optical illusions by mechanical contrivances; hence, an impostor; a cheat.
For ofte at feestes have I wel herd seye Maister John Rykell, sometyme tregitoure Of noble Henry kynge of Englonde. Lydgate, Daunce of Macabre, quoted in J. P. Collier's [Hist. Dram. Poetry, I. 21. tregetry+, tragetryt, n. [ME.,< treget +-(e)ry.] Legerdemain; jugglery; deception.
manna. trehalose (tre hä-lōs), n. [< trehala +-ose.] A sugar first extracted from trehala, since proved to be identical with mycose. treiet, n. See tray2.
treillaget (trel'aj; F. pron. trā-lyäzh'), n. [F., < treille, a trellis: see trail2, trellis.] In hort., a structure of light posts and rails for supporting wall-trees, etc.; a lattice; a trellis.
Soche soteltie thai soght to solas hom with; And in the moneth of may mekill thai vsit, Through the trellis of the woodwork and the leaves of The rich moulding of masques and flowers and fruit... weave.
Makers of flower-gardens: . . . contrivers of bowers, grottos, treillages. Spectator. treille (trel), ". [F., a lattice, trellis: see trail2, trellis.] 1. In her., a lattice. [Rare.]2. In lace-making, a réseau or net ground. trek (trek), v. i. [Also treck; < D. trekken, draw, draw a wagon, journey: see track1.] In South Africa: (a) To draw a vehicle, as oxen; pull a load along. Bullocks can not trek with wet yokes, or their shoulders become galled. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXIX. 618. (b) To travel by ox-wagon; hence, to travel in general; go from place to place; migrate. Thus the early Cape "boers" adopted the nomad habit of trekking, which simply meant enlarging the range of their occupation of new land and a further advance into the interior. Westminster Rev., CXXVI. 166.
trek (trek), n. [D., pull, tug, draft: see trek, v., track1, n.] In South Africa, the action of drawing, as a vehicle or a load; draft; traction; hence, a journey or migration; the distance between one stopping-place and the next; travel: as, that was short trek.
Trellises: 1, wooden; 2, wire. as of wood, nailed together where they cross
apparently in relief, and bosses in the square or lozenge shaped intervals. Another variety of it shows rivets or studs also at the intersection of the crossing bands. It is
Tremandreæ (tre-man'dre-ē), n. pl. [NL. (R. Tremarctos (tre-märk'tos), n. [NL.,<Gr. Tрñμα, hole,+ apkтos, bear.] The only South Ameri- can genus of Ursidæ, containing the spectacled bear, T. ornatus. See cut under spectacled. Trematoda (trem-a-to'da), n. pl. ~ [NL., Gr. Tpηuardng, having many holes, porous: see trem- atoid.] 1t. In Cuvier's system of classification, the second family of parenchymatous entozoa, containing the flukes proper, the hectocotyls of cephalopods, and the planarian larvæ of turbellarians. See cuts under Cercaria, Bu- cephalus, and water-vascular.-2. An extensive order of parasitic and chiefly entoparasitic worms, which may be found inside the bodies of almost any animal, and sometimes on the gills or skin of fishes; the flukes or fluke-worms. b i
After the rain the trek was heavy. The pillars support a trellis-work, which is covered with vines. Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 3. BirdsOf sunny plume in gilded trellis-work. Tennyson, Geraint. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXIX. 619. When it first became known that the trek was projected, 5,000 Boers were calculated to be upon the point of forming the army of invasion. New York Tribune, May 8, 1891. trekker (trek'er), n. [< D. trekker, < trekken, draw: see trek, v.] One who treks; a traveler; a wanderer; a migrator. [South Africa.] Quiet people nowadays are no lovers of. the carpet They mostly have a flattened and more or less chitinized bagging colonists, the beach-comber, the trekker, the belbody, and a pair or more of suckers for adhering to the ligerent missionary. Contemporary Rev., LIII. 531. tissues of the host. Most trematoids are hermaphrodite or monœcious, but some are dicecious, and all undergo a trek-oxen (trek'ok"sn), n. pl. Oxen used for treloobing (tre-lö'bing), n. [Cf. loobs.] Stir- series of transformations comparable to those of tapes. drawing wagons; draft-oxen. [South Africa.] ring and working the loobs, or slimy earth of The well-known liver-fluke of man, Distoma hepaticum, is Trek-oxen are, without exception, obstinate, perverse tin, in a slime-pit, that the mud may partly hydatid, redia, and sporocyst.) When the order is raised a characteristic example. (See cercaria, Distoma, fluke2, Pop. Sci. Mo., XXIX. 620. wash off with the water and the ore settle at the to the rank of a class, as is done by some, the monogeneous trek-rope (trek'rop), n. A rope used as a trek-bottom (R. Hunt); as used by some writers. the and digeneous suborders become subclasses, and the curtow. [South Africa.] rent families are regarded as orders, as Tristoma and Polysame as tossing. [Cornwall, Eng.] stoma of the former division, and of the latter Monostoma, trekschuit (trek'skoit), n. [Also trekschuyt; D. Trema (tre'mä), n. [NL. (Loureiro, 1790), from Distoma, Gasterostoma, and Holostoma. Also Trematoi trekschuit, < trekken, draw, + schuit, a boat: see the small external pits in the endocarp of many dea, Trematodea, and Trematoida. 2. A modern kind of fancy work made by cut- creatures.
е Aspidogaster conchicola, one of the Trematoda, in profile outline, to show alimentary and reproductive organs.
a, mouth; b, muscular pharynx; c, stomach; d, germarium; e, internal vas deferens; common vitellarian duct; g, vitellarium; i, k, oviduct; 7, uterus; m, testis: o, vagina; P, penis, continuous posteriorly with external vas deferens.
trematode trematode (tremʼa-tōd), a. and n. [<Gr. τpnuaTúdns, having many holes: see trematoid.] Same as trematoid.
trematoid (trem'a-toid), a. and n. [Gr. *τρηματοειδής, contr. τρηματώδης, having many holes, Tрñμа(T-), hole: see Trema.] I. a. Having many holes; suctorial, as an entoparasite worm; of the nature of or resembling a fluke; of or pertaining to the Trematoda. II. n. A trematoid worm, or fluke; a member of the Trematoda. Trematoidea (trem-a-toi'de-ä), n. pl. [NL.: see trematoid.] Same as Trematoda, 2. Trematosaurus (trem"a-to-sâ'rus), n. [NL. (Braun, 1841), < Gг. трñμα(т-), hole,+ oaupos, lizard.] A genus of extinct labyrinthodont am ST Na
ST Epo Side and Top Views of Skull of Trematosaurus: cranial sculpture omitted from lower half of latter, to show sutures more distinctly. frontal; lacryrietal; Pmx, premaxilla; Prf, prefrontal; P, postfrontal; PIO, postorbital; Q, quadratojugal; SO, one of a pair of bones taking the place of supra-occipitals; Sq, squamosal; ST, supratemporal. mal; M, mandible; Mx, maxilla: Na, nasal; Or, orbit; Pa, pa
phibians, having the skull mailed and sculptured.
= tremblablet (trem'bla-bl), a. -able.] Calculated to cause fear or trembling. But, what is tremblable and monstrous, there be some who, when God smites them, they fly unto a witch or an inchauntresse, and call for succour. Dr. G. Benson. (Imp. Dict.) tremble (trem'bl), v. i. ; pret. and pp. trembled, ppr: trembling. [< ME. tremblen, tremlen, < OF. trembler, tremeler, F. trembler Pr. tremblar = Sp. temblar = It, tremolare, < ML. tremulare, tremble, fear, hesitate,< L. tremulus, trembling, < tremere (> It. tremere = Sp. Pg. tremer = OF. tremer) Gr. Tрéμɛiv, tremble. From the same L. verb tremere are also ult. E. tremor, tremulous, etc.] 1. To be affected with slight, quick, and continued vibratory movements; be moved in a quivering manner by some external force. The mountayne that the werke was sette on gan to tremble, that thei semed it wolde synke. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), i. 27. 2. To be affected with involuntary muscular agitation; be agitated convulsively from either a physical or a moral cause; be in a tremor; quake; shake: as, to tremble with fatigue; his hand trembled from excitement. judgment to come, Felix trembled. And as he reasoned of righteousness, temperance, and Acts xxiv. 25. Scarce can my knees these trembling limbs sustain, And scarce my heart support its load of pain. Pope, Iliad, x. 100. 3. To feel or manifest a quivering agitation; be tremulous or shaky; quiver; quaver: as, his voice trembled from emotion.
Patience perforce with wilful choler meeting Makes my flesh tremble. Shak., R. and J., Ï. 5. 92. Her red lips trembled, and her eyes were wet With tears that fell not. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 239. 4. Figuratively, to be in doubt or suspense; oscillate between certainty and uncertainty; hang upon chance.
6457 Also, in the vicinity of the numerous lakes of the parish [La Fourche, Louisiana] exist immense tracts called trembling prairies. These seem to be a surface composed of the matted roots and decayed stalks of the marsh vegetation, floating upon water in some instances, and upon very soft mud in others. Over these prairies it is practicable to walk, and cattle graze upon them, although they vi brate at every tread, and a cut of a few feet in depth will always discover a substratum of water. S. H. Lockett, Sec. Ann. Rep. Topog. Surv. of Louisiana, [1871, p. 10. Trembling tree, the trembling poplar, or more often the American aspen, Populus tremuloides. tremble (tremʼbl), n. [< tremble, v.] 1. The act or state of trembling; an involuntary quivering or shivering as from cold or fear. There stood Emmy in a tremble.
Seeking but to borrow From the trembling hope of morrow Solace for the weary day.
Whittier, The Ranger. Their serried masses, overwhelming superiority of numbers, and bold bearing made the chances of victory to tremble in the balance. The Century, XXXI. 458. To tremble for, to be in fear on account of: as, to tremble for one's safety. I tremble for the cause of liberty, from such an example to kings. I tremble for the cause of humanity, in the unpunished outrages of the most wicked of mankind.
Thackeray, Vanity Fair, lxv. 2. pl. A form of disease or diseased condition in man or animals, characterized by continued trembling or tremulousness; specifically, in some parts of the United States, a disease of domestic animals, under peculiar local conditions, affecting the quality of the milk and flesh, and known as milk-sickness when communicated through these to human beings. See milk-sick
Burke, Rev. in France. Trembling palsy. Same as paralysis agitans (which see, under paralysis)-Trembling poplar. See poplar. Trembling prairie. [Tr. F. prairie tremblante: limited in use to parts of Louisiana: also called shaking prairie.] See the quotation.
ness. ease. The flesh of an animal suffering from trembles, or in the prodromic stages of trembles, would also produce the disBuck's Handbook of Med. Sciences, V. 9. Workers in mercury are apt to suffer from a peculiar form of shaking palsy, known as "the trembles," or mercurial tremor. Encyc. Brit., XIX. 277. All of a tremble, trembling all over; in a state of gen eral agitation or excitement. [Colloq.]
Mrs. Gill... came "all of a tremble," as she said herself. Charlotte Brontë, Shirley, xx.
tremblement (trem'bl-ment), n. [<F. tremble ment (= Pr. tremolament), a trembling or quaking, trembler, tremble: see tremble and -ment.] 1. In music, a trill or shake.-2. A tremor; a quivering. [Rare.]
The wood. Thrills in leafy tremblement, Like a heart that, after climbing, beateth quickly through Mrs. Browning, Lost Bower, st. 4. trembler (trem'bler), n. [= F. trembleur; as tremble +-er1.] 1. One who trembles; especially, a person or an animal that trembles from fear.
Those base submissions that the covetous mammonist, or cowardly trembler, drudges under. Hammond, Works, IV. 479. (Latham.) Well had the boding tremblers learned to trace The day's disasters in his morning face. Goldsmith, Des. Vil., 1. 199. 2. [cap.] One of a religious sect of the time of Queen Elizabeth. Imp. Dict.
These quaint-primitive dissemblers In old Queen Bess's days called Tremblers. Hudibras Redivivus. 3. That which trembles or vibrates; specificaly, an automatic vibrator used for making and breaking the circuit of an induction-coil; an electric bell.
Audible signals are given. . . on board the locomotive by a trembler bell. Jour. Franklin Inst., CXXI. 69, Supp. trembling-jock, trembling-jocky (tremblingjok, -joki), n. The quaking-grass, Briza media, supposed to be obnoxious to mice. [Prov. Eng.] tremblingly (trem'bling-li), adv. In a trembling manner; tremulously. And on the sudden dropp'd.
Tremblingly she stood, Shak., A. and C., v. 2. 346. [< tremble + y1.] trembly (trem'bli), a. Trembling; tremulous. [Colloq.] So frankly coy, so full of trembly confidences. Lowell, Birch Tree. She [a rabbit] sot thar ez upright an' trembly ez me. M. N. Murfree, Great Smoky Mountains, xiii. Tremella (tre-mel'ä), n. [NL. (Fries), so called in allusion to the gelatinous texture of the plants; L. tremere, tremble, dim. -ella.] A genus of gelatinous_hymeuomycetous fungi, typical of the order Tremellineæ, having a nonpapillate hymenium which surrounds the whole of the fungus. See fairy-butter. Tremellineæ (trem-e-lin'e-ē), n. pl. [NL., < Tremella +-ineæ.] An order of hymenomycetous fungi. They are gelatinous, of not very definite form, commonly of wavy outline, and are saprophytic on old and dead wood. Also Tremellini.
Macaulay, Machiavelli. Hence 2. Such as to excite astonishment or awe; unexampled; wonderful in a high degree; overwhelming; astounding: used intensively or hyperbolically. The floor of each story was arched, the walls of tremendous thickness. Scott, Kenilworth, xxvi. From the trees we sometimes saw hanging pythons of tremendous girth. P. Robinson, Under the Sun, p. 130. The skilfullest crew that ever launched a life boat would be dashed in pieces in a moment in those tremendous rollers. Froude, Sketches, p. 198. =Syn. 1. Frightful, terrific, horrible, appalling. tremendously (tre-men'dus-li), adv. In a tremendous manner; in a manner to awe or astonish; with excessive force or magnitude. tremendousness (tre-men'dus-nes), ". state or property of being tremendous. Tremex (tre'meks), n. [NL. (Jurine, 1807), irreg. Gr. τрnua, a hole.] 1. A notable genus of hymenopterous insects, of the family Uroceridæ, separated from the typical genus Urocerus only by the venation of the wings. T. columba is a large and handsome North American horntail, the larva of which bores the trunks of shade-trees, particularly the The maple, and is known as the pigeon-tremex. 2. [1. c.] A horntail of this genus: as, the pigeon-tremex. tremolando (trem-ō-länʼdō), adv. [It., ppr. of tremolare, tremble: see tremble.] In music, in a tremulous manner; in a manner characterized by a tremolo. Also tremando. [< It. tremolante: tremolant (trem'o-lant), n. see tremulant.] Same as tremolo (d). tremolite (tremʻō-līt), n. [< Tremola (Val Tremola, a valley near Airolo in the Alps, where the mineral was discovered) +-ite2.] A variety of amphibole, having usually a white to gray color, and occurring in fibrous or columnar crystalline masses. It differs from other varieties of amphibole in containing little or no iron, being essentially a silicate of calcium and magnesium. Also called grammatite. tremolitic (trem-o-litʼik), a. [< tremolite + -ic.] Pertaining to or characterized by the presence of tremolite: as, tremolitic marble. tremolo (trem'o-lo), n. [It., <L. tremulus, shaking, quivering: see tremulous.] In music: (a) A tremulous or fluttering effect in vocal music, intended to give a sentimental or passionate quality to the tone, but often carried to a pedantic and offensive extreme. (b) A similar effect in instrumental music, produced by a rapid reiteration of a tone or chord. (c) A similar effect in organ music, produced in the pipe-organ by means of a delicately balanced bellows attached to one of the wind-trunks, and in the reed-organ by a revolving fan. (d) The mechanical device in an organ by which a tremolo is produced; a tremulant. The use of such a mechanism is usually controlled by a stop-knob. Also tremolant, tremulant. tremor (trem'or or treʼmor), n. [Formerly also tremour; ‹ OF. tremeur, F. trémcur Sp. Pg. tremor It. tremore, L. tremor, a shaking, a quivering, tremere, shake, tremble: see tremble.] 1. A shaking or quivering caused by some external impulse; a close succession of short vibratory or modulatory movements; a state of trembling in a living object or substance: as, the tremor of the aspen-leaf.
the tremellineous (trem-e-lin'e-us), a. In bot., belonging, pertaining to, or resembling fungi of Tremellineæ. group tremelloid (trem'e-loid), a. [< Tremella + -oid.] In bot., resembling the fungus Tremella in substance; jelly-like. tremellose (trem'e-los), a. [L. tremere, tremble, +-ella +-osc.] In bot., jelly-like; shaking like jelly; of a gelatinous consistence.
Morauia, Bauaria, and Dacia Were with the earths like-horrid feuers shaken; . One of these Tremors lasted forty dayes, When six and twenty tow'rs and castles fell. Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 570. Each wave-length of light resulting from a molecular tremor of corresponding wave-length. J. N. Lockyer, Spect. Anal., p. 118. Modern research has shown a typical earthquake to consist of a series of small tremors succeeded by a shock, or series of shocks. J. Mine, Earthquakes, fi. 2. An involuntary or convulsive muscular shaking, quaking, or quivering, as from weakness, disorder, or emotion.
tremor No tremors through her dainty limbs did pass, And healthy life alone did paint her cheek. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 115. Contortions of the face, and an irregular movement of the body and extremities, with tremors of greater or less violence. J. M. Carnochan, Operative Surgery, p. 128. 3. A trembling, quivering, or quavering quality or effect: as, a tremor of light.
Pioneers, with spade and pickaxe arm'd, And trench the strong, hard mould with the spade, Where never before a grave was made. To detect, as one or another addressed me, the tremor Intention tremor, a tremor developed in a part when it moves to do something.-Mercurial tremor, a tremu- lous condition of the system caused by exposure to mer- Bryant, Two Graves. 3. In agri., to furrow deeply, especially with the spade; dig deeply and turn over thoroughcurial vapors; mercurial palsy; the trembles.-Neural ly by means of a succession of contiguous trenches. tremors. See neural.-Purring tremor. Same as purring thrill (which see, under purr1). =Syn. 2. Trepidation, Emotion, etc. (see agitation), quiver, quivering, quaking. See trepidation. tremorless (trem'or-les), a. [< tremor + -less.] Free from tremor or vibration.
The plain of the Channel sea stretched flat on either hand of me, tremorless as ebony. The Portfolio, N. S., No. 1, p. 6. The... tremorless atmosphere of eternal silence. G. Kennan, The Century, XXXV. 756. tremulant (trem'u-lant), a. and n. [= It. tremolante, ML. tremulan(t-)s, ppr. of tremulare, tremble: see tremble. Cf. tremulous.] I. a. Trembling. white rod! Hapless De Brézé; doomed to survive long ages, in men's memory, in this faint way, with tremulent [read tremulant] Carlyle, French Rev., I. v. 2. II. n. In music, same as tremolo (d). tremulation (trem-u-la'shon), n. [<ML.*tremulatio(n-), < tremulare, tremble: see tremulant.] A trembling; a tremulous condition. [Rare.] I was struck with such a terrible tremulation that it was as much as three gulps of my brandy bottle could do to put my chill'd blood into its regular motion. Tom Brown, Works, II. 236. (Davies.) tremulous (trem'u-lus), a. [= Sp. trémulo = Pg. tremulo It. tremulo, tremolo, L. tremulus, shaking, quivering, < tremere, shake, tremble: see tremble.] 1. Trembling; shaking; quivering; vibrating; unsteady.
Tremulousness of voice is very effectively used by some vocalists in highly pathetic passages.
6458 2. To cut into; form a ditch, trench, or other
rate. Uch toth fram other is trent. H. Spencer, Universal Progress, p. 222. tren1t, v. t. [ME. trennen, < MD. trennen = OHG. MHG. G. trennen, separate, factitive of OHG. *trinnan, MHG. trinnen, separate.] To sepaRel. Antiq., II. 212. tren2+, n. [Origin not ascertained.] A fishspear. Ainsworth. trenail,". A form of treenail. trench (trench), v. [< ME. *trenchen, *tranchen, traunchen, < OF. trencher, trancher, F. trancher = Pr. trencar, trenchar, trinquar Sp. trinchar, chop, trincar, carve, = Pg. trinchar, carve, trincar, crack, break, It. trinciare, cut, carve, hew, slice, Olt. trinceare, trench, trincare, trim; prob. < L. truncare (LL. *trincare, ML. (after Rom.) trencare), cut off, lop: see truncate, trunk, v. Hence trench, n., trenchant, intrench, retrench, etc.] I. trans. 1t. To cut, as a notch, hole, mark, etc.; form by cutting; carve; incise. Traunche that sturgyon. = =
A sober calm Fleeces unbounded ether, whose least wave Stands tremulous. meum Thomson, Autumn, 1. 958. Think of honeyed words and tremulous touch As things that slay.William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 333. Every fibre is alive with feeling and tremulous with radiant thought. Stedman, Vict. Poets, p. 114. That old tremulous laugh which was half a cough. Mrs. Oliphant, Poor Gentleman, xx.2. Lacking firmness, resolution, or courage; feeble; wavering; timid.The tender tremulous Christian is easily distracted and amazed by them. Decay of Christian Piety, Those dry, forlorn, tremulous specimens of female mortality which abound in every village congregation. H. B. Stowe, Oldtown, p. 56. 3. In entom., finely wavy: as, a tremulous line. -Tremulous poplar. Same as trembling poplar. See poplar. tremulously (tremʼu-lus-li), adv. In a tremulous manner. So linger, as from me earth's light withdraws, Dear touch of Nature, tremulously bright! Lowell, The Lye's Treasury. tremulousness (trem'u-lus-nes), n. The state of being tremulous.
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 265. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 2.
In order to expedite the growth of ivy, the ground, pre- viously to planting, should be trenched two feet deep. Sci. Amer., N. S., LVIII. 264. 4. In cabinet-making and the like, to work with II. intrans. 1. To cut; slash. Temir the stout Rider who with sharpe Trenching blade of bright steele Hath made his fiercest foes to feele..
An underground passage constructed by trenching down 3. To encroach; infringe; obtrude as if by cut- ting into something: used of conduct, expres- sion, or the like, usually with on or upon: as, to trench upon another's rights. Also intrench. The boy with buttons, and the basket-wench, To vent their wares into my works do trench! B. Jonson, Time Vindicated. Madam, I am boldTo trench so far upon your privacy. Massinger, Bashful Lover, i. 1. 4t. To reach out; extend; tend. Many times the things deduced to judgment may be "and "tuum," when the reason and consequence thereof may trench to point of estate. Bacon, Judicature (ed. 1887). =Syn, 3. Encroach upon, Infringe, etc. See trespass. trench (trench), n. [< ME. trench, trenche, < OF. *trenche, a trench (cf. OF. trenche, tranche, a slice, also a pruning-knife) (OF. also trenchee, F. tranchée = It. trincea, a trench), trencher, cut: see trench, n.] 1. A narrow excavation of considerable length cut into the earth; a deep furrow or ditch. In agriculture trenches are made for drainage, for loosening the soil deeply, for certain kinds of planting, etc. In military operations trenches con- stitute the parallels or approaches used for the shelter of besieging troops, as before a fortified place, or for protec- tion and defense, as in an intrenched camp. If the ground is hard or rocky, trenches are raised above it with fas- cines, bags of earth, etc.; but if the earth can be easily dug, then a ditch or way is sunk, and edged with a para- pet, next to the enemy, formed by the earth thrown out of the ditch. The depth of the trench, form of the para- pet, etc., vary according to the purpose or occasion. There is a very strong and great Castle, invironed with exceeding deepe trenches and a strong wall. Coryat, Crudities, I. 2. 2+. A lane or road cut through shrubbery or woods.
And in a trench forth in the park goth she. Chaucer, Squire's Tale, 1. 384. Returns of a trench. See return1.-Tail of the trenches. See tail. To mount the trenches, to mount guard in the trenches: usually done at night.-To open the trenches, to begin to form the lines of approach to a fortified place. To scour the trenches, to make a sally upon the guard, force them to give way, drive off the working party, break down the parapet, fill up the trenches, and spike the cannon. Wilhelm, Mil. Encyc. trenchancy (tren'chan-si), n. [< trenchan(t) + -cy.] The state or quality of being trenchant; sharpness; keenness; causticity.
Mrs. Elsmere was old enough to know what importance By his belt he baar a long panade, Let not the virgin's cheek Make soft thy trenchant sword.
2. Penetrating; energetic; downright.
I too have longed for trenchant force,
trencher-coat Sworn foe of Cant, he smote it down
M. Arnold, Switzerland, iv., A Farewell.
Whittier, Randolph of Roanoke.
The sun was warm, and the air was bland, with only now and then a trenchant breath from the Alps. Howells, Venetian Life, xviii. That trenchant policy of "reconstruction" which fol lowed close upon the termination of the war. In a trench W. Wilson, Cong. Gov., i 3. Specifically, in zoöl., sectorial, as a molar or premolar; sharp-edged: as, the trenchant canines of a saber-toothed tiger. trenchantly (tren'chant-li), adv. ant manner; cuttingly; sharply; keenly. trench-cart (trench kärt), n. Milit., a cart adapted to pass along the trenches, to distribute ammunition and other supplies. It is mounted on low wheels so as not to be exposed to the enemy's fire. trench-cavalier (trench'kav-a-lēr"), n. Milit., a high parapet of gabions, fascines, earth, etc., erected by besiegers upon the glacis to command and enfilade the covered way of a fortress.
trencher1 (tren'chèr), n. [< ME. *trenchour, < OF.*trencheor (ML. reflex trencheator), < trencher, cut: see trench, v. In def. 2 taken as < trench, v., + -er1.] 1+. One who carves at table; also, one who carves at a side-table for the company.
I was not born, I take it, for a trencher, Nor to espouse my mistress' dairy-maid. Fletcher (and another), Noble Gentleman, iii. 1. 2. One who cuts or digs trenches; a trenchdigger or -maker.
All these works were executed by the soldiers, who showed themselves excellent trenchers.
-Comte de Paris, Civil War in America (trans.), I. 397. trencher2 (tren'chèr), n. [< ME. trenchere, trenchor, trenchour, < OF. trenchoir, trencheoir, a trencher, lit. a cutting-place, < trencher, cut: see trench, v.] 1. A wooden plate or platter (originally a square piece of board or slice of wood) for the table or the kitchen. Trenchers of some form were used at table till a late period, at first by all classes and afterward by the common people, either to be eaten from or for the cutting up of food; and the number of changes of them during a meal in early times was regulated by personal rank. Trenchers and plates are sometimes mentioned together in later writings, the food being probably served from the former to the latter.
Thus ye shall serue your souerayne: laye [six or eight] trenchours, & yf he be of a lower degre [or] estate, laye fyue trenchours, & yf he be of lower degre, foure trenchours, & of an other degre, thre trenchours.
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 274. out of earthen pitchers and wooden dishes. We had no napkins nor change of trenchers, and drunk Pepys, Diary, Oct. 29, 1663. To heap the trencher and to fill the caup of an idle blackguard ne'er-do-weel. Scott, Pirate, iv. 2t. A slice of bread used as a platter to lay food upon, as thin cakes of bread still are in some countries. Such slices of bread were either eaten after the meat placed upon them, or, as commonly among the rich, thrown into an alms-basket, with other leavings, for the poor.
Loaves at this period [the 14th century] were made of a secondary quality of flour, and these were first pared, and then cut into thick slices, which were called in French tranchoirs, and in English trenchers, because they were to be carved upon. Wright, Homes of Other Days, xi. 3. That which trenchers contain; food; hence, the pleasures of the table: often used attributively.
Shak., T. of A., iv. 3. 115. trencher-coat (tren'chér-kōt), n.
Those trencher philosophers which in the later age of the Roman state were usually in the houses of great perBacon, Advancement of Learning, i. The trencher fury of a riming parasite. sons. Milton, Church-Government, Pref., ii. 4. Same as trencher-cap.-Trencher salt-cellar. See salt-cellar. trencher-bread+ (tren'chér-bred), n. [< ME. of coarse bread, slices of which were used as trenchor brede; < trencher2 + bread1.] A kind plates for other food at table. See trencher2, 2. Item, that the Trenchor Brede be maid of the Meale as it cummyth frome the Milne. Quoted in Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 125, Index. One trencher-buffoon+ (trenʼchèr-bu-fön”), n.
In gilding, a preparatory coating applied before the goldleaf is laid on. It consists of Armenian bole, bloodstone, and galena, mixed up in water, with a little olive-oil.
When spleenish morsels cram the gaping maw, Withouten diet's care, or trencher-law. Bp. Hall, Satires, IV. iv. 21. trencher-loaft (trencher-lōf), n. [< ME. trenchoure lofe; trencher2 +loaf1.] Same
Palladius assuring him that hee had already been more fed by his discourses than he could bee by the skilfullest trenchermen of Media. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, i. 3. A table-companion; a trencher-mate.
Mr. Wagg, the celebrated wit, and a led-captain and trencher-mate (tren'chèr-māt), n. A table- companion; a guest at dinner or other meal. These trencher-mates . . . frame to themselves a more pleasant. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 2. trencher-plate (tren'chèr-plat), n. In ceram., trenchmoret (trench'mōr), n. [Prob. OF. *trenche-more, *tranchemore, a fanciful name, alluding to the rough swashing manner of the dancers, trencher, cut, + More, a Moor (cf. morris-dance); cf.' OF. tranchemontaigne, a swash-mountain, a swash-buckler, lit. 'cut- mountain.'] 1. An old English country-dance, of a lively and boisterous character, common in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Pray you, do not disturb 'em, sir; here lie such youths Will make you start, if they but dance their trenchmores. Fletcher, Pilgrim, iv. 3. 2. Music for such a dance, which was in triple or sextuple rhythm. trenchmoret (trenchʼmōr), v. i. [< trenchmore,
Meuynge hath cause fyrste & pryncypally of trendynge aboute of heuen.
6459 trepanize This Caravan ... durst not by themselves venture over trennel (tren'l), n. A corrupt form of treenail. Sandys, Travailes, p. 107. trent2+ (trent), n. [<ME. trent, trente,< OF. (and
Bartholomæus Anglicus, De Proprietatibus Rerum [(trans., ed. Wynkyn de Worde, 1494), ix.
Vnder the name of India, heere we comprehend all that Where the river trends westward into the main he set up a memorial cross. Bancroft, Hist. U. S., I. 91.4. Figuratively, to have a general tendency or
as trencher-bread. Ye muste haue thre pantry knyues, one knyfe to square trencherman (tren'chèr-man), n.; pl. trencher- trend1 (trend), n. or inclination of the course word noting the degree of appetite: as, a poor trencherman. You had musty victual, and he hath holp to eat it; he is a very valiant trencher-man. Shak., Much Ado, i. 1. 51. 2t. A cook. Johnson.
2t. To travel round or along a region, tract,
The discussion with his philosophic Egeria now trended E. Dowden, Shelley, I. 164.
5. In geol. and mining, same as strike, 5.
Lat him rollen and trenden withinne hymself the lyht W. Browne, Britannia's Pastorals, ii. 3. (Nares.) We trended the said land about 9. or 10. leagues, hoping to finde some good harborough.
Hir Ene as a trendull turned full rounde, ffirst on hir fader, for feare that she hade, And sethyn on that semely with a sad wille. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), l. 453. And Y schall cumpas as a round trendil in thi cumpasse. Wyclif, Isa. xxix. 3. 2. A brewers' cooler. [Prov. Eng.]-3. The turning-beam of a spindle. Halliwell. trendlet (trenʼdl), v.ˆ [< ME. trendlen, trendilen, trindlen, <AS. *trendlian (in comp. a-trendlian), tryndylian (in pp. tryndyled) (=MHG. trendelen, trindelen, trendeln), roll, turn; freq. of trend1, or from the noun trendle. The verb also appears in the variant forms trindle, trundle, q. v.] I. Dict. intrans. 1. To revolve upon an axis; turn round. trend1 (trend), v. [< ME. trenden, < AS. *trenA thynge that trenlyth rounde abowte chaungyth not dan (found only in deriv. a-trendlian) = MLG. place towchynge al the hole, but towchynge partyes trenden, roll; cf. OFries. trind, trund therof yt trenlyth rounde abowte. MLG. trint, trent, round, Sw. Dan. trind, round (Dan. trindt, around); MD. *trent = MLG. trent, a ring, circle; whence in the adverbial phrase 2. To roll along; trundle; bowl. MLG. umme den trent, umtrent, LG. umtrent D. omtrent Sw. Dan. omtrent, around. Cf. trendle, trundle.] I. intrans. 1t. To turn; revolve; roll. Mark, he doth courtesy, and salutes a blockWill seem to wonder at a weathercock, Trenchmore with apes, play music to an owl. Marston, Satires, ii. 93. trenchourt, trenchurt, n. See trencher1. trench-plow (trench'plou), n. A form of plow for opening land to a greater depth than that of common furrows; a ditching-plow. Imp. = = =
trente-et-quarante (tront'a-ka-ront'), n. [F., lit. thirty and forty': trente, L. triginta, L. quadraginta, forty: see thirty and forty.] thirty (see trent2); et, < L. et, and; quarante, The game of rouge-et-noir. Trenton limestone. See limestone. trepan1 (tre-pan'), n. [Formerly trepane; ‹ OF. trepane, F. trépan Hakluyt's Voyages, III. 206. Sp. trépano = Pg. tre[< trend1, v.] 1. A general pano = It. trepano, trapano, ML. trepanum, prop. *trypanum, < Gг. трúñаvоv, a borer, an auger, a surgeons' trepan, Tourav, bore, pona = Tрúπη, 1. An instrument for boring; a borer. Specifically-(at) An engine formerly used in sieges for piercing or making holes in the walls.
All The trend of the coast lay hard and black.
What can support the dogma against the trend of Scrip- ture? Bibliotheca Sacra, XLIII. 571. I have quoted these few examples to show the trend of opinion in respect to certain forms of atrophy. Alien. and Neurol., XI. 308. 3. Naut., the thickening of an anchor-shank trend2 (trend), n. [See trend2, v.] Clean or cleansed wool. [Local, Eng.] trender (tren'dėr), n. [< trend2+-er1.] One whose business is to free wool from its filth. [Local, Eng.] trendle (tren'dl), n. [< ME. trendel, trendil, trendyl, trendull, trindel, < AS. trendel, trændel, tryndel (= MLG. trendel, trindel MHG. tren-del), a roller, roll, wheel, < *trendan, roll: see trend1, v., trendle, v. The noun also appears in the variant forms trindle and trundle, q. v.] 1. That which turns or rolls, as a ball, a wheel, or the like; a roller; a trundle.
Bartholomæus Anglicus, De Proprietatibus Rerum [(trans., ed. Wynkyn de Worde, 1494), ix.
The hedde trendid on the borde. Gascoigne, Fruits of War.
On the morwe to seie a trent of masses atte same ffreres. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 8. trental (tren'tal), n. [< ME. trental, trentel, < OF. trentel, trental (ML. reflex trentale), a trental, set of thirty masses (ML. *trigintalia, pl.), < trente, thirty, < L. triginta, thirty: see trent2.] A collection or series of anything numbering thirty; specifically, a service of thirty masses for a deceased person in the Roman Catholic Church on as many successive days, or formerly sometimes in one day. Also rarely trigintal. Trentals," seyde he, "deliveren fro penaunce Hir freendes soules, as wel olde as yonge.' Chaucer, Summoner's Tale, 1. 16. "6
II. trans. To roll. Y saw a sweuen, and it seemed to me as a loof of bar of Madyan to goo doun. lich maad undir asshen to be trendlid and into the tentis trenkett, ". An old spelling of trinket1.
A trental (thirty) of masses used to be offered up for almost every one on the burial day. Rock, Church of our Fathers, ii. 504, note.
And their th' Inginers haue the Trepan drest, And reared vp the Ramme for battery best. Hudson, tr. of Du Bartas's Judith, iii. (b) The name given by the French to a boring-tool used for sinking wells and mining shafts to great depths and sometimes of great dimensions. 2. An instrument, in the form of a crown-saw, used by surgeons for removing parts of the bones of the skull, in order to relieve the brain from pressure or irritation. The trephine is an improved form of this instrument. See cuts under crown-saw and trephine. trepan1 (tre-pan'), v. t.; pret. and pp. trepanned, ppr. trepanning, [Formerly also trepane; < OF. trepaner, F. trépaner, trepan; from the noun.] To perforate by a trepan, especially by the surgical trepan; operate on with a trepan. -Trepanned brush, a drawn brush having the holes for the bristles drilled partially through the stock to meet lateral holes drilled from the edge or end. The tufts of bristles are drawn into these holes by strong silk or thread passing through the laterals, which holes are then plugged up and the whole polished. See drawn brush, under drawn. trepan2, n. and v. See trapan. trepanation (trep-a-na'shon), n. [<F. trépanation, trépaner, trepan: see trepan1, v.] The operation of trepanning; the process of perforating the skull with the trepan or trephine, or by other means.
Inoculation from the bulb produces rabies in ten and kills in fifteen days after trepanation.
Nature, XXXVII. 360. trepanet, ". and v. An obsolete form of trepan1. trepang (tre-pang'), n. [Also tripang; ‹ Malay tripang.] A kind of edible holothurian, as Holothuria edulis; a sea-slug, sea-cucumber, sea-pudding, or bêche-de-mer; also, such holothurians as a commercial product prepared for food. Trepang is found chiefly on coral reefs in the Eastern seas, and is highly esteemed for food in China, where it is imported in large quantities. The animal is repulsive, soinewhat resembling a stout worm in shape, but
Trepang (Holothuria edulis). having rows of processes on its body, and others radiated about the mouth. It varies in length from 6 to 24 inches. Much skill and care are required in the operation of curing, which is performed by gutting and boiling these seaslugs, and spreading them out on a perforated platform over a wood-fire (or sometimes in the sun) to dry. Sundried trepangs are in special request in China for making soups. The fishery is carried on in numerous localities in the Indian Ocean, in the Eastern Archipelago, and on the shores of Australia.
trepanize (trep'an-iz), v. t.; pret. and pp. trepanized, ppr. trepanizing. [< trepan1 + -ize.] To trepan.
trepanner trepanner1 (tre-panʼėr), n. [< trepan1 + -er1.] One who operates surgically with the trepan or trephine.
n. trepanner2, n. See trapanner. trepanning (trē-panʼing), n. [Verbal n. of trepan1, v.] 1. The operation of making, with a trepan, an opening in the skull for relieving the brain from compression or irritation.-2. The method of making trepanned brushes (which see, under trepani, v.). trepanning-elevator (tre-panʼing-el′′ē-vā-tor), In surg., a lever for raising the portion of bone detached by a trepan or trephine. trepgett, n. Same as trebuchet. trephine (tre-fēn' or tre-fin'), n. [<F. tréphine; appar. intended for *trépine, an arbitrary dim. of trépan, trepan: see trepan1.] An improved form of the trepan, consisting of a cylindrical saw with a handle placed transversely, like that of a gimlet, and having a sharp steel point called the center-pin. This pin may be fixed and removed at pleasure, and stands in the center of the circle formed by the saw, projecting a little below its edge. The center-pin is fixed in the skull, and A forms an axis round which the circular edge of the saw rotates, and as soon as the teeth of the saw have made a circular groove in which they can work steadily the center-pin is removed. The saw is made to cut through the bone, not by a series of complete rotations such as are made by the trepan, but by rapid half rotations alternately to the right and left. The trephine is used especially in injuries of the head, and in cases, chiefly of abscess, resulting from injuries, in which the removal of the morbid material or of a new growth is necessary. The use of the trephine, which was gradually being abandoned, has of late years come into prominence again, in consequence of the discoveries made in cerebral localization.
Trephine. 4, crown or spherical saw; a, centerattachment of the shank to a working for the saw; b, screw for handle.
trephine (tre-fēn′ or tre-fin′), v. t.; pret. and pp. trephined, ppr. trephining. [< trephine, n.] To operate upon with a trephine; trepan. trephine-saw (tre-fen'sâ), n. Broadly, a crownsaw; more specifically, a small crown-saw used by surgeons in trephining; a trephine. trepid (trep'id), a. [= Sp. trépido Pg. It. trepido, L. trepidus, agitated, anxious, trepere (found only in 3d pers. sing. trepit), turn, Gr. Tρérew, turn (> ult. E. trope, tropic, etc.). The negative intrepid is much more common.] Trembling from fear or terror; quaking: opposed to intrepid. = Look at the poor little trepid creature, panting, and helpless under the great eyes! Thackeray, Virginians, 1xx. = trepidation (trep-i-da'shọn), n. [< OF. trepidation, F. trepidation = Sp. trepidacion Pg. trepidação = It. trepidazione, <L. trepidatio(n-), alarm, trembling, trepidare, hurry with alarm, be agitated with fear, tremble, trepidus, agitated, anxious: see trepid.] 1. Tremulous agitation; perturbation; alarm. There useth to be more trepidation in court upon the first breaking out of trouble than were fit. Bacon, Seditions and Troubles (ed. 1887). 2. A trembling of the limbs, as in paralytic affections.-3. A vibratory motion; a vibration.
It cometh to pass in massive bodies that they have certain trepidations and waverings before they fix and settle. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii.
4. In anc. astron., a libration of the eighth sphere, or a motion which the Ptolemaic system ascribes to the firmament to account for certain phenomena, especially precession, really due to motions of the axis of the earth.
That crystalline sphere whose balance weighs The trepidation talk'd, and that first moved. Milton, P. L., iii. 483. =Syn. 1. Tremor, Emotion, etc. (see agitation), flutter, tremulousness, discomposure. trepidity (tre-pid'i-ti), n. [< trepid + -ity.] The state of being trepid; trepidation; timidity: opposed to intrepidity. [Rare.] Treron (tre'ron), n. [NL. (Vieillot, 1816), < Gr. Tрhpwv, timorous, shy, rpɛiv, flee in fear.] 1. An extensive genus of Old World fruit-pigeons; the green pigeons, chiefly of Asia and Africa. The limits of the genus vary much, as many modern genera have been detached and separately named. The trerons are mainly of green plumage shading into lavender and maroon, and varied with yellow, orange, or scarlet in some places. They are gregarious and arboricole, and feed mostly on soft fruits. T. amboinensis is a characteristic species of the genus in its most restricted sense. called Vinago. See cut in next column. 2. [1. c.] A pigeon of this genus; a vinago. Treronidæ (trē-ron'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., Treron +idæ.] The Treroninæ ranked as a family. Also
Treroninæ (trē-rō-nī′nē), n. pl. [NL. (G. R. Gray, 1840), < Treron + -inæ.] The trerons as a subfamily of Columbida. tresauncet, n. [ME., also tresawnce, tresawne, tresawnte, tresens; < OF. tresance (ML. transcencia, transcenna), perhaps ult. < L. transcendere, climb over: see transcend.] A passage; a corridor. Prompt. Parv., p. 502.
You hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins. Eph. ii. 1. Be plainer with me, let me know my trespass By its own visage. Shak., W. T., i. 2. 265. In 1404... Northumberland's treason was condoned as a trespass only. Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 372. not amounting to felony or misprision of felony. 3. In law, in a general sense, any transgression Specifically-(a) An injury to the person, property, or rights of another, with force, either actual or implied: technically called trespass vi et armis. In this sense it includes wrongs immediately injurious even when the force is only constructive, as in the enticing away of a servant. tresaylet (tres'āl), n. [< OF. tresayle (F. trisacul), < tres (< L. tres, tri-), three, + aïeul, (b) A wrongful entry upon land of another: specifically ayle, etc., grandfather: see ayle.] In law, an old writ which lay for a man claiming as heir to his grandfather's grandfather, to recover lands of which he had been deprived by an abatement happening on the ancestor's death. tresont, n. An obsolete form of treason. tresort, tresouret, n. Middle English forms of Middle English called trespass to real property. Setting foot on another's land without right or license is technically considered a forcible trespass. Casting things upon it, suffering one's cattle to go upon it, or otherwise interfering with its possession is equally so.
Wt a privee yard to a kechyn, wt a tresaunce between the hall and the kechyn. N. and Q., 7th ser., VII. 61.
Robert de Bruse. trespassed out of this vncertayne worlde. Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., I. xx. 2. To make entry or passage without right or permission; go unlawfully or unwarrantably; encroach by bodily presence: with on or upon: as, to trespass upon another's land or premises. Go out of the sanctuary; for thou hast trespassed. 2 Chron. xxvi. 18. 3. To make an improper inroad upon a person's presence or rights; intrude aggressively or offensively in relation to something: with on or upon.
treasure. tresoreret, tresoureret, n. forms of treasurer. tresouriet, tresouryt, n. Middle English forms of treasury. trespacet, v. i. An old spelling of trespass. trespass (tres'pas), v. i. [< ME. trespassen, trespacen, < OF. trespasser, pass over, depart, die, = Pr. traspassar, trespassar, F. trépasser, die, trapassar : = Sp. traspasar Pg. traspassar, trespassar = It. trapassare, < ML. transpassare, pass over, trespass, L. trans, over, + passare, it. To pass beyond a limit or boundary; hence, tion appears from the circumstances of the case, as in the pass: see trans- and pass, v., and cf. transpass.] to depart from life; die. (c) An injury to property by one who has no right whatever to its possession or use: technically called trespass to property. In this sense it equally implies force, but relates to property only, and contradistinguishes the wrong from a conversion or embezzlement by a bailee or other person having already a rightful possession.Action of trespass, an action to recover damages for trespass.- Forcible trespass, in criminal law, the offense of committing trespass to personal property with such display of force as to terrify or overawe. The similar offense respecting real property is called forcible entry.— Trespass for mesne profits. See action of mesne profits, under profit.-Trespass on the case, an action for a wrong which is not technically a trespass, because the injury is not in the strictest sense the direct result of the act, but where the transgressive character of the transac case of libel, malicious prosecution, and the like.
Nothing that trespasses upon the modesty of the company, and the decency of conversation, can become the mouth of a wise and virtuous person.
tress Infringe or infringe upon means a breaking into; hence it is a much stronger word than those that precede it. Transgress is stronger and plainer still, meaning to walk across the boundary, as of another's rights. Intrude upon suggests especially that one is unwelcome, and goes where regard for others' rights, as of privacy, or the sense of shame, should forbid him to press in. = trespass (tres'pas), n. [< ME. trespas, < OF. trespas, departure, F. trépas, decease, = Pr. traspas, trespas = Sp. traspaso Pg. traspasso, trespasso = It. trapasso, departure, decease, digression, trespass; from the verb.] 1. Unlawful or forbidden entrance or passage; offensive intrusion of bodily presence. See 3 (b). "There is neither knight or squire," said the pinder,. "Dare make a trespass to the town of Wakefield." Jolly Pinder of Wakefield (Child's Ballads, V. 205). 2. An aggressive or active offense against law or morality; the commission of any wrongful or improper act; an offense; a sin: as, a trespass against propriety.
Tillotson, Sermons, ccxiv. 4. To commit an aggressive offense; transgress in some active manner; offend; sín: with against: as, to trespass against the laws of God and man. See trespass, n. whan he that nevere trespaced wolde for Trespassours A dere God, what Love hadde he to us his Subjettes, suffre Dethe! Mandeville, Travels, p. 3. If thy brother trespass against thee, rebuke him. Luke xvii. 3. They... trespass against all logick. Norris. 5t. To give offense: with to. And if that any neighebore of myne be so hardy to hir to trespace.
Every unwarrantable entry on another's soil the law entitles a trespass by breaking his close. For every man's land is, in the eye of the law, enclosed and set apart from his neighbour's. Blackstone, Com., III. xii.
ገ. In the 16th century a special form of trespass on the case became, under the name of assumpsit, the common and normal method of enforcing contracts not made by deed, and remained so till the middle of the present century. Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 454. Syn. 2 and 3. Transgression, Wrong, etc. (see crime), breach, infringement, infraction, encroachment. trespasser (tres'pas-èr), n. [<ME. trespassour, trespasoure,< OF. *trespassour, < trespasser, trespass: see trespass.] One who trespasses, or commits a trespass; one who invades another's property or rights, or who does a wrongful act. trespass-offering (tres' pas-of" er-ing), Among the ancient Jews, a sacrifice presented in expiation for such a sin or offense as admitted of compensation or satisfaction. The ceremonial is described in Lev. xiv. 12-18. See offering. tress1 (tres), n. [<ME. tresse, trisse, < OF. tresse, Pr. tressa, treza tresce, F. tresse = Sp. trenza = Pg. trança It. treccia, ML.*trichea, tricia, Tpixa, in three parts, Tрεis (Tρ-), three: see also trica, a tress, hair interwoven, prob. < Gr. three.] A plait, braid, lock, or curl of hair; any distinct portion of the hair of the head, especially when long; in the plural, the hair of the head, especially when growing abundantly. Hir yelow heer was broyded in a tresse Bihinde hir bak, a yerde long, I gesse. = Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 191. Behind her Neck her comely Tresses ty'd. Prior, Cloe Hunting. Nazarite tresses. See Nazarite.— To braid St. Catherine's tresses. See braid1. tress1 (tres), v. t. [< ME. tressen, < OF. (and F.)' tresser Pr. tressar = Sp. trenzar Pg. trançar It. trecciare, plait in tresses; from the noun.] To furnish with or form into tresses: chiefly in the past participle used adjectively. A brow of pearl Tressed with redolent ebony, In many a dark delicious curl. Tennyson, Arabian Nights. An obsolete form of trace. A dialectal variant of trest2.
Chaucer, Prol. to Monk's Tale, 1. 15. =Syn. 2 and 3. Trespass upon, Encroach upon, Intrench upon, Trench upon, Infringe upon, Intrude upon, Transgress. Trespass upon, though figurative, expresses generally the idea common to these words, that of unauthorized, improper, or undesirable coming upon ground not one's own. The order is essentially that of strength, and there is a corresponding increase in the presumption that the offense is committed knowingly. To trespass upon another's rights is literally to step or pass across the line of demarcation between his rights and ours. To encroach upon anything is creep upon it to some extent, and often implies moving by stealth or by imperceptible degrees and occupying or keeping what one thus takes: the ocean may thus be said to encroach upon the land by wearing it away. To intrench upon, or latterly more often trench upon, is to cut into as a trench is lengthened or widened; it does not especially tress2t, ". suggest, as does encroach upon, either slowness or stealth. tress3, n. to
Tressed point. See point1. Page 18
-tress -tress. A termination of some feminine nouns. See -ess (2). tressed (trest), a. [ME. tressed, y-tressed; tress1-ed2.1 1. Having tresses; adorned with tresses; bordered or surrounded by tresses. Ofte tyme this was hire manere, To gon y tressed with hire heres clere Doun by hire coler, at hire bak byhynde, Which with a threde of gold she wolde bynde. Chaucer, Troilus, v. 810.
"In habit maad with chastitee and shame Chaucer, Prol. to Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 344. tressfult (tres fül), a. [<tress1 + -ful.] Hav- ing an abundance of tresses; having luxuriant hair.
Then they launched her from the tressels, Longfellow, Wayside Inn, Musician's Tale, xiii. 2. Divided into tresses or locks, or consisting the sloping plank on which skins are laid while 6. Same as trestletree.—7. In leather-manuf., of them; worn in long tresses. being curried. A high trussel is frequently used, across which the lea- Ure, Dict., III. 93. trestle2t, n. An obsolete form of threshold. A movable ta- Florio. trestle-board (tres'l-bōrd), n. trestle-bridge (tres'l-brij), n. A bridge in which the bed is supported upon framed sections or trestles. See trestlework. trestle-tablet (tres'l-tā "bl), n. A movable guished from the dormant table which super- table made of boards laid on trestles, as distin- seded it.
Pharo's faire daughter (wonder of her Time). . Was queintly dressing of her Tress-ful head. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Magnificence. tressourt, n. [ME., also tresour, <OF. tressour, tress: see tress1.] 1. A net or ribbon for the tressoir, a net or ribbon for the hair, <tresse, hair; a head-dress.
With a riche gold tresour
Double Tressure Fleurycounter-fleury.
trestletree (tres'l-trē), n. Naut., one of two strong bars of timber fixed horizontally foreRom. of the Rose, L. 569. and-aft, on the opposite sides of the lower 2. A tress; in the plural, tresses; hair. masthead, to support the frame of the top and And bad anon hys turmentours the topmast, and on the topmast-head in the Do hange hur be hur tresourys. topgallantmast. same way to support the crosstrees and the See cut under bibb. trestlework (tres'l-wèrk), n. A series of trestles and connected framing, supports, etc., forming a viaduct, as for a railway. Trestlework may be of either wood or iron. It is much used in railroad MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 38. (Halliwell.) tressure (tresh'ur), n. [< heraldic F. tressure, < tresser, weave, plait: see tress1.] In her., a modification of the orle, generally considered as being of half its width, and double. According to some writers, the tressure is a double orle—that is, two narrow bands separated by a space about equal to the width of each of them, and both together occupying the same space Also as an orle or nearly so. called tract.
The Scottish arms are a lion with a border, or tressure, adorned with flower-de-luces.
T. Warton, Hist. Eng. Poetry, II. 269. tressured (tresh'urd), a. [<tressure + -ed2.] Emblazoned with a tressure, as an escutcheon. [The use of the word in the following quotation is erroneous, because the fleurs-de-lis are not tressured, but the tressure is flowered with fleurs-de-lis.
The tressured fleur-de-luce he claims To wreathe his shield. Scott, L. of. L. M., iv. 8.] tressy (tres'i), a. [<tress1 +-y1.] Of or pertaining to tresses; also, having the appearance of tresses or locks of hair.
The rock half sheltered from my view By pendent boughs of tressy yew. Coleridge, Lewti. (Davies.) trest1t, n. An obsoleto form of trust1. trest2 (trest), n. [Also Sc. traist, trast, also E. dial. tress; ME. treste, a trestle, < OF. traste = Olt. trasto; prob. Bret. treust W. trawst, a beam, trestle, < L. transtrum, a beam: see transom, and cf. trestle1.] 1. A beam.-2. A trestle.-3. A strong large stool. [Prov. Eng. or Scotch in all uses.] trestle1 (tres'l), n. [Early mod. E. also tressel (still sometimes used), trestyll, thre e; also dial. trussel; < ME. trestel (pl. trestlis), < OF. trestel, later tresteau, F. trétcau Bret. trenstel = W. trestyl (Celtic from L.; the W. perhaps through E. ?) (ML. trestellus), < ML. *transtillum, dim. of L. transtrum, a beam, cross-bar: see trest2 and transom.] 1. A frame, consisting of a beam or bar fixed at each end to a pair of spreading legs, for use as a support. A single trestle is often used by mechanics to rest work against; two or more trestles serve as a support for a board or other object laid upon them horizontally for some temporary purpose. Early household tables commonly consisted of boards laid upon movable trestles, the board in this case being the table proper; and trestle, in the singular, is sometimes used for the whole support of a table when the parts are joined into a framework. "The trestle that stands under this Round Table," she
.. said, "It is worth thy Round Table, thou worthy king."
work for supporting string-pieces, as of a rail-
Ballad of King Arthur (Child's Ballads, I. 232). He looks in that deep ruff like a head in a platter, B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 1. 2. Same as puncheon1.-3. In her., a low stool or bench used as a bearing: usually represented with three legs.-4. In civil engin., à frame
tri divisions: as, Lyopomata and Arthropomata (Owen, the oldest and the preferable terms); Ecardines and Testicardines; Pleuropygia and Apygia; Inarticulata and Articulata; 'besides the above. tretenterate (tre-ten'te-rāt), a. and n. [< NL. Tretenterata, q.v.] I. a. Having the characters of or pertaining to the Treten terata; not clistenterate, as a brachiopod; aniferous. II. n. A brachiopod of this order. tretis1t, a. [ME., also tretys, trcitys; OF. treslender, traiter, handle, manage, treat: see tis, treitis, traitis, well-made, neat, long and trait.] Well-proportioned.
Tretosterninæ (trē❝to-stèr-ni'nē), n. pl. [NL., ( TεTpaivew, bore), +σrepvov, breast-bone.] 1. lydride, and typical of the subfamily Tretoster- A genus of fossil chelonians of the Wealden and Purbeck beds, referred to the family Che- ninæ.-2. [l. c.] An animal of this genus. [Origin obscure.] trevat (trev'at), !. weaving, a cutting-instrument for severing the pile-threads of velvet. Also trevette. See trivet. trevedt, n. See trivet. trevet (trev'et), n. trevette (tre-vet'), n. Same as trevat. trevis,treviss (trev'is), n. [Also trevise, trevesse, travise, travesse, etc.; ult. a reduced form of traverse,<OF. travers, across (traversan, a cross- beam, etc.; cf. Sp. traves, a flank, al traves, across, athwart): see traverse.] 1. A trans- verse division, as that which separates stalls; a transom; a bar or beam. In
Trestlework.
Hire nose tretys; hir eyen greye as glas. Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 152. tretist, tretyst, n. Old spellings of treatise. Chaucer.
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 642.
trewandt, trewantt, a. ant. = = construction for viaducts and in the construction of trewethet, n. A Middle English form of truth. tresunt, n. An obsolete form of treason. trews (tröz), n. pl. [< Ir. trius= Gael. triubhas: tret (tret), n. [Early mod. E. treat (in a num- see trouse, trousers.] Trousers; specifically, ber of old arithmetics), trete; < OF. trete (Norm. the kind of trousers worn by the men of higher trett), F. trait Pr. trait, trag, trah, draft, allow rank among the Scottish Highlanders. They ance for transportation, It. tratto, allowance are made of tartan cloth of the set or pattern for transportation, OIt. tratta, leave to trans- of the wearer's clan. port merchandise, It. draft, bill: see tract1, trait.] In com., an allowance formerly made to purchasers of certain kinds of goods on ac- count of their being obliged to transport their purchases. It consisted of an addition of 4 pounds to every 100 pounds of suttle weight, or weight after the tare is deducted. It is now so entirely discontinued by mer- chants that it is in many modern books confounded with a rebate or deduction from the price. tretablet, tretablyt. Old spellings of treat- able, treatably. tretet. An old form of treat, treaty, tret. Tretenterata (tre-ten-te-ra'tä), n. pl. [NL. (King), Gr. TpT6s, perforated (< Terpaivεiv, bore), + EvTepa, entrails.] A prime division of brachiopods, contrasted with Clistenterata: same as Lyopomata of Owen. Recent authors are almost unanimous in dividing the brachiopods into two orders, but have used different names for each of the two
But she wou'd hae the Highlandman, Lizie Baillie (Child's Ballads, IV. 282). Trews or drawers, continued to form hose for the lower limbs, with shoes or low boots, completed the ordinary costume of the [Anglo-Saxon] men. Encyc. Brit., VI. 465. trewsman (tröz'man), n.; pl. trewsmen (-men). [<trews + man.] A Highlander who wears the trews.
trewtht, n. A Middle English form of truth. tri-.. [=F. tri- = Gr. Tpl-, com-bining form of tres, neut. tria, bining form of rрeiç, neut. Tpía, Skt. tri- E. three: see three.] A prefix of Latin and Greek origin, meaning 'three.' = =
triable triable (tri'a-bl), a. [Also tryable; try + -able.] 1. Capable of being tried or tested; suited for experiment.-2. Subject to legal trial; capable of being brought under judicial prosecution or determination. Peers. He being irresponsible, but his Ministers answerable for his acts, impeachable by the Commons and triable by the Brougham. Many Debtors elsewhere confin'd do by Habeas Corpus remove into this Prison, which is the proper place of Confinement in all Cases tryable in the Queen's Bench Court. Quoted in Ashton's Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, [II. 245. triableness (tri'a-bl-nes), n. The state of being triable. Triacanthidæ (tri-a-kan'thi-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Triacanthus +-idæ.] A family of scleroderm plectognath fishes, typified by the genus Triacanthus. They have a well-developed first dorsal fin of several spines, and ventral fins with large spines. They inhabit tropical (chiefly the Indian) seas. Triacanthinæ (tria-kan-thi'ne), n. pl. [NL., < Triacanthus-inæ.] A subfamily of triacanthoid fishes, typified by the genus Triacanthus, having incisorial teeth in both jaws and a long narrow caudal peduncle. Triacanthodes (tri" a-kan-thō'dez), n. [NL. (Bleeker, 1858), Triacanthus, q. v., + Gr. eidos, form, aspect.] A genus of triacanthoid fishes, typical of the subfamily Triacanthodina. Triacanthodinæ (tri-a-kan-tho- di'ne), n. pl. [NL., Triacanthodes + -inæ.] A subfamily of triacanthoid fishes, typified by the genus Triacanthodes, with conical teeth in both jaws and an oblong caudal peduncle. triacanthoid (tri-a-kan 'thoid), n. and a. I. n. A fish of the family Triacanthidæ. II. a. Of, or having characters of, the Tri
acanthidæ. Triacanthus (tri-a-kan'thus), n. [NL. (Cuvier), <Gr. peis (p-), three, + akava, spine: see acantha.] A genus of scleroderm fishes, typi
Triacanthus brevirostris.
cal of the family Triacanthidae and the subfamily Triacanthina, and including such species as T. brevirostris. triace (tri'a-sē), n. [Gr. Tpeis (Tpl-), three, + άký, a point.] A trihedral solid angle or summit.
triachenium (tri-a-kē'ni-um), n.; pl. triache achenium.] In'bot., a fruit which consists of tres + three achenia. Also spelled triakenium. Triacine (tri-a-si'ne), n. pl. [NL., Triacis + -inæ.] A subfamily of galeorhinoid sharks with small trenchant teeth and spiracles, typified by the genus Triacis. Also called Triakiana. Triacis (tri a-sis), n. [NL. (Müller and Henle, 1841, as Triakis), < Gr. Tpeis (Tp-), three, + akis, a point.] A genus of galeorhinoid sharks, typical of the subfamily Triacinæ. triaclet, ". An obsolete form of treacle. triacontahedral (tri-a-kon-ta-he'dral), a. [ Gr. Tplákovra, thirty (L. triginta = "E. thirty), +êdpa, seat, base, +-al.] 1. Having thirty sides.-2. Ín crystal., bounded by thirty
rhombs. triaconter (tri'a-kon-tér), n. [< Gr. τριακον Thpns, thirty-oared, < Tptákovтa, thirty, +*ape, row.] In Gr. antiq., a vessel of thirty oars. triact (tri'akt), a. [< Gr. Tpeis (Tpl-), three, + άкTiç, ray.] Having three rays, as a spongespicule. See cut under sponge-spicule. triactinal (tri-ak'ti-nal), a. [<triactine + -al.] Having three rays, as a sponge-spicule; tri act.
triactine (trī'ak-tin), a. [< Gr. Tpeis (Tpl-), three, akris (AKTIV-), ray.] Having three rays, as a sponge-spicule; triact. triad (tri'ad), n. [= F. triade It. triade = = W. triad, L. trias (triad-), < Gr. Tpiás (Tpiad-), the number three, < Tpeis (Tpl-), three: see three.] 1. A union or conjunction of three; a group or class of three persons or things closely related; a trinity.-2. In chem., an element or radical which will combine with three atoms of a monad element or radical; a trivalent ele
sidered as having the relationship of father, mother, and child, and forming a characteristic conception in some religious systems, as that of ancient Egypt.-6. In morphology, a tertiary unit of organization resulting from integration of an aggregate of dyads. See dyad, 3. -7. An indeterminate product of three vectors. Harmonic triad, in music, a major triad.Harmonic triads, in math. See harmonic. triad-deme (tri'ad-dēm), n. A colony or aggregate of undifferentiated triads. See dyaddeme. Encyc. Brit., XVI. 843. triadelphous (tri-a-del'fus), a. [< Gr. τρεῖς (τρι-), three, + ἀδελφός, a brother. Cf. τριάδελpai, the three sisters.] In bot., having the stamens more or less coalescent in three sets: said of an androecium. triadic (tri-ad'ik), a. and n. [< Gr. τριαδικός, ( Tpiás (pia), a triad: see triad.] I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to a triad; constituting or consisting of a triad or trinity. A triad of activities corresponding to the triadic nature of God. The Independent, June 26, 1862. 2. In chem., trivalent; triatomic.-3. In anc. pros.: (a) Comprising three different rhythms or meters: as, the triadic epiploce. (b) Consisting of pericopes, or groups of systems, each of which contains three unlike systems: as, a triadic poem.-4. In the Gr. Ch., addressed to or in honor of the Trinity: as, a triadic canon. triadist (tri'ad-ist), n. II. n. A sum of products of three vectors. [< triad + -ist.] A triæne (trī'en), n. composer of a triad or triads. See triad, 4. [< NL. triæna, < Gr. τpiaiva, fork, a trident, <rpeis (Tp-), three: see three.] a three-pronged fish-spear, a three-pronged Among sponge-spicules, a cladose rhabdus cladi diverging at equal angles from one anwhich bears at one end three secondary rays or other. Various modifications of the trine have received specific names. A triæne with recurved arms like a grapnel is an anatriæne; with porrect arms, a protriane; with arms at right angles with the shaft, an orthotriæne; with bifurcate arms, a dichotriene; with trifurcate, a trichotriæne. When the cladome, or set of cladi, arises from the center of the rhabdome, a centrotriæne results; when from both ends of the rhabdome, an amphitriæne. triage (tri'aj; F. pron. tre-äzh'), n. [<F. triage, <trier, sort out, try: see try.] That which is culled, picked, or thrown out; specifically, in English use, the refuse of whole coffee; broken coffee-beans and chaff.
The broken beans [of coffee], or triage, must also be separated by hand from the dust. Spons' Encyc. Manuf., I. 705. triakisicosahedral (tri"a-kis-i ko-sa-he'dral), a. [triakisicosahedron +-al.] Pertaining or related to a triakisicosahedron. triakisicosahedron (tri"a-kis-i"ko-sa-he'dron), n. [ Gr. Tpiákis, three times (<TPETS (TPL), three), + Eikool, twenty, + dpa, seat, base.] A solid formed by erecting on each face of a Platonic icosahedron a pyramid of such an altitude as to make all the summits regular. It is
n. trial reciprocally related to the Archimedean truncated dodecahedron. See solid, II., 2, fig. 20. triakisoctahedral (trī"a-kis-ok-ta-he'dral), a. [<triakisoctahedron +-al.] Pertaining or closely related to the triakisoctahedron. triakisoctahedron (tri"a-kis-ok-ta-he'dron), [<Gr. Tpiákis, three times (< Tpeis (pi), three), + OKTú, eight, + έdpa, seat, base.] A solid formed by erecting on each face of the regular octahedron a pyramid of such an altitude as to render all the summits regular. It is reciprocally related to the Archimedean truncated cube. See solid, II.. 2, fig. 14. triakistetrahedral (tri"a-kis-tet-ra-be'dral), a. [triakistetrahedron +-al.] Pertaining or closely related to the triakistetrahedron. triakistetrahedron (tria-kis-tet-ra-hē'dron), n. [Gr. Tpiákis, three times (<Tрeis (Tp-), three), + τέτρα- (for τέτορα, τέσσαρα), four, + έδρα, seat, base.] A solid formed by erecting on each face of a regular tetrahedron a pyramid of such altitude that all the summits become regular. It is reciprocally related to the Archimedean truncated tetrahedron. See solid, II., 2, fig. 12. trial (tri'al), n. [Formerly also tryal; < OF. trial, trial, trier, try: see try.] 1. The act of trying or making a test of something; a putting to proof by examination, experiment, use, exercise, or other means.
But let your fair eyes and gentle wishes go with me to my trial. Shak., As you Like it, i. 2. 199. 4. The state of being tried; probation by the experience or suffering of something; subjection to or endurance of affliction. Others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings. Heb. xi. 36. That which purifies us is trial, and trial is by what is contrary. Milton, Areopagitica. 5. That which tries or afflicts; a trying circumstance or condition; a hardship; an affliction. O, but he was a conspicuous trial in our lot-a source of manifold woe to us all! J.T. Fields, Underbrush, p. 69. 6. In law, the judicial investigation and determination of the issues between parties; that part of a litigation which consists in the examination by the court of the point in controversy, the hearing of the evidence, if any, and the determination of the controversy, or final submission of the cause for such determination. Whether the word includes the prelimi nary steps of the hearing, such as the impaneling of the jury, and the conclusion reached or the rendering of the decision, depends on the connection in which it is used. "When used of a criminal cause, trial commonly means the proceedings in open court after the pleadings are finished and it is otherwise ready, down to and including the rendition of the verdict. Not extending, on the one hand, to such preliminary steps as the arraignment and giving in of the pleas, it does not comprehend, on the other hand, a hearing on appeal." (Bishop.) The modes of trial now in use in the United States and England are-by a judge with a jury, by a judge without a jury, or by a referee or similar officer appointed for the purpose. In England assessors or assistants sometimes sit with the judge or refSee etc. ere 7. Something upon or by means of which a test is made; an experimental sample or indicator; a trial-piece.
Captaine Newport being dispatched, with the tryals of Pitch, Tarre, Glasse, Frankincense, Sope ashes. Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, I. 200. And who would to Liberty e'er prove disloyal, May his son be a hangman, and he his first trial. Burns, The Toast. Certain "pyrometrical beads" or trials indicated the temperature by their tint. Encyc. Brit., XX. 132. 8. In ceram., one of the pieces of ware which are used to try the heat of the kiln and the progress of the firing of its contents. In the firing of painted porcelain the trials are often painted in carmine, a color which responds delicately to the degree of heat to which it is subjected. The trials are observed through small openings closed with transparent talc.General Court of Trials. See general.-New trial, a second or subsequent trial allowed to a party unsuccessful on the original trial, on the ground of error or injustice. On or upon trial, on probation; as an experiment, in order to more lasting arrangements. —
preach upon trial, he'd have been as good a judge of your If my husband had been alive when you'd come to gifts as Mr. Nuttwood. George Eliot, Felix Holt, iv.
trial Rule of trial and error, the rule of false. See position, 7. -State trials,the name given to several collections of reports of public prosecutions, especially for offenses against government and public peace and order. To put to trial or on trial. (a) To bring before a court and jury for examination and decision. (b) To bring to a test; try.-Trial at bar, trial at nisi prius, trial by battle. See bar1, nisi prius, battle!.-Trial balance, in double-entry bookkeeping, a method of testing the correctness of the posting side of this the difference between the two of the ledger (1) as regards the sums posted, and (2) as regards the side to which they are posted. This is effected by summing the debit and credit balances respectively of the personal accounts, and then adding to the credit sides of a similar summation of the merchandise accounts. Should the two sides of this final summation exactly balance each other, the presumption is that the ledger has been correctly posted as regards the particulars already mentioned, but not as regards the individual items being posted to the right account.-Trial by certificate, an old mode of determining a cause according to the written declaration of some person, usually a public officer, who was deemed best informed on the point, and whose certificate was accordingly treated as final.-Trial by ordeal. See ordeal, 1.-Trial by proviso, by record, by tanghin, etc. See proviso, etc. Trial judge, jury, justice. See judge, etc.Trial of the pyx. See pyx. (See also coursing-trial, field-trial). =Syn. 1. Trial, Test, proof. Trial is the more general; test is the stronger. Test more often than trial represents that which is final and decisive: as, the guns, after a severe public test, were accepted.-2. At tempt, endeavor, effort, essay, exertion.-5. Trouble, affliction, distress, tribulation.-7. Touchstone, ordeal. trialate (trī-à ́lāt), a. [L. tres (tri-), three, + alatus, winged: see alate2.] In bot., threewinged; having three wings. trial-case (trī'al-kās), n. Same as trial-sight. trial-day (tri'al-dā), n. The day of trial.
Brought against me at my trial-day.
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 1. 114.
trial-fire (tri'al-fir), n. A fire for trying or proving; an ordeal-fire.
With trial-fire touch me his finger-end. Shak., M. W. of W., v. 5. 88. trial-glasses (tri'al-glås"ez), n. pl. A graduated set of concave and convex lenses and prisms used for testing the vision. trial-ground (tri'al-ground), n. A locality for the trying or testing of anything.
The Mont Cenis tunnel formed the greatest trial-ground ever brought to the attention of inventors and makers of either rock-drills or air-compressors. Ure, Dict., IV. 323.
trial-heat (trī'al-hēt), n. In racing, a preliminary trial of speed between competitors. trialism (tri'a-lizm), n. [*trial (see triality) + -ism.] The doctrine that man consists of body, soul, and spirit, or other three essentially different modes of substance. triality (tri-al'i-ti), n. [<*trial2 (< L. tri-, three, + -al) + -ity.] A union or junction of three; threeness: a word invented after the model of duality. [Rare.]
There may be found very many dispensations of triality of benefices. H.. Wharton. trial-jar (trī'al-jär), n. A tall glass vessel for holding liquids to be tested by a hydrometer, or a jar in which mixed liquids are allowed to stand that they may separate by gravity. trialogue (trī'a-log), n. [< ML. trialogus, a colloquy of three persons: a blundering formation, based on the erroneous notion that dialogue (L. dialogus) means 'a discourse between two' (as if < Gr. Sío, two, + 26yos, discourse), and intended to represent a compound of Gr. Tрeis (Tp-), three, +2óyos, discourse (cf. trilogy).] Discourse by three speakers; a colloquy of three persons. Wood, Athenæ Oxon., I. 24. [Rare.] trial-piece (tri'al-pēs), n. 1. A specimen of any aggregate; a sample taken from a mass, or one of the first productions of some process, by which to determine the quality or character of the rest. Thomas Simon most humbly prays your Majesty to compare this his tryall-piece with the Dutch. Inscription on Simon's Petition Crown, 1663. 2. A production from which to determine the capacity or ability of the producer. trial-plate (trī'al-plat), n. In coinage, a plate of gold or silver of the fineness to which all coins are to be conformed.
The coins selected for trial are compared with pieces cut from trial plates of standard fineness. Encyc. Brit., XVI. 484. trial-proof (tri'al-pröf), n. In engraving, an impression taken while an engraved or etched plate is in progress of making, to test the condition of the work. trial-sight (tri'al-sit), n. A case of lenses used by an oculist to test the sight of his patients. E. H. Knight. trial-square (trī'al-skwar), n. A carpenters' square.
6463 trial-trip (trī ́al-trip), n. An experimental trip; especially, a trip made by a new vessel to test her sailing qualities, rate of speed, the working of her machinery, etc. triant (trī'an), a. Same as trine3.— In trian aspect. See aspect and three-quartered. triander (tri-an'dér), n. [< Gr. 7рeïç (7pi-), three, + ȧvýp (avdp-), a male (in mod. bot. a stamen).] A monoclinous or hermaphrodite plant having three distinct and equal stamens. Triandria (tri-an'dri-i), n. pl. [NL.: see triander.] The third class of plants in the sexual system of Linnæus. It comprises those plants which have hermaphrodite flowers with three distinct and equal stamens, as the crocus, the valerian, and almost all the grasses. It comprehends three orders, Monogynia, Digynia, and Trigynia. Triandria is also the name of several orders in other classes of the Linnean system, the plants of which orders have three stamens. triandrian (trī-anʼdri-an), a. [< Triandria + -an.] Belonging to the Linnean class Triandria. triandrous (trī-an'drus), a. [< Triandria + -ous.] 1. Having three stamens: as, a triandrous flower.-2. Same as triandrian. triangle (tri'ang-gl), a. and n. [Early mod. E. also tryangle; ‹ OF. (and F.) triangle angle Sp. triángulo Pg. triangulo It. triL. triangulus, three-cornered, having three anangolo, three-cornered, as a noun a triangle, < gles, neut. triangulum, a triangle, < tres (tri-), I. a. three,+ angulus, angle: see angles.] Three-cornered; three-angled; triangular. = Pr. tri
No Artificer but can tell which things are triangle, which round, which square. Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 158. I sent to my house, by my Lord's order, his shipp and triangle virginall. Pepys, Diary, I. 195. Triangle-counter-triangle, in her., divided into triangles which correspond to one another, base to base, and are two alternating tinctures; the same as barry bendy lozengy counterchanged, or barry bendy dexter and sinister counterchanged, the two tinctures being always mentioned. II. n. 1. In geom., a figure composed of three lines which meet two by two in three points, called the vertices of the triangle; especially, a rectilinear figure of this description. The lines measured in the shortest way from vertex to vertex are called the sides of the triangle. The angles between the sides at the vertices measured so that each subtends a side are called the angles of the triangle. 2. Any three-cornered or three-sided figure, body, or arrangement; anything having a triangular form or bounding a three-sided space.
― Triangle space between the Lines of Head, Life, and Fate, or Health. K. St. Hill, Grammar of Palmistry, vii. The older "vowel triangles" from which the trigram is adopted. Encyc. Brit., XXII. 385.
3. A musical instrument of percussion, made of a rod of polished steel bent into the form of a triangle, and open at one of its angles. It is sounded by being struck with a small steel rod. It is frequently used in modern orchestral music for brilliant and sparkling effects.
4. [cap.] In astron, same as Triangulum.—5. Eccles., a symbol of the Trinity. The equilateral triangle, as symbolizing the Trinity, is of frequent occurrence, in various combinations, in Christian ornament. 6. A chest made in triangular form to hold a priest's cope. [Archaic.]-7. A three-cornered straight-edge, with one right angle and the other angles more or less acute, used in conjunction with the T-square for drawing parallel, perpendicular, or diagonal lines.-8. A kind of gin for raising heavy weights, formed by three spars joined at top. See gin4, 2 (c).-9. Milit., formerly, in the British army, a sort of frame formed of three halberds stuck in the ground and united at the top, to which soldiers were bound to be flogged: generally in the plural. three metal pins held together in the form of 10. In ceram., a form of the stilt consisting of a triangle. See stilt, 5.-11. One of certain tortricid moths: an English collectors' name. Tortrix rufana is the red triangle. Samouelle. in the wings of many dragon-flies. It lies near -12. In entom., a large three-sided cell found the middle of the basal half of the wing, and its form and relations to the other cells, both of the anterior and pos terior wings, are of much value in classification. It is often called the discoidal triangle, to distinguish it from the internal triangle, which adjoins it on the inner side, and the anal triangle, which lies close to the anal border of the wing.-Altitude of a triangle, the perpendicular distance of any vertex to the opposite side considered as the base.- Annex triangle, one of three triangles derived from a primitive triangle ABC. Three points L, M, N are so taken that the triangles LBC, AMC, ABN are all perverted equals of ABC; then, taking A' at the intersection. of BN and MC, B' at the intersection of CL and NA, and C' at the intersection of AM and LB, the triangles A'BC, ABC, ABC' are annex triangles.-Anterior triangle of the neck, a triangle on the surface of the neck bounded by the ventral midline, the sternoclidomastoid, and the lower margin of the mandible. It is divided into the sub maxillary and superior and inferior carotid triangles. See cut under muscle1.-Arithmetical triangle. See arith
triangle metical, and figurate number (under figurate).—Characteristic triangle, a spherical triangle having two angles of 90° and the third an aliquot part of 180°, considered in its relation to the spherical net each face of which is composed of two or four such triangles.-Circular triangle, a plane figure formed by three arcs of circles intersecting two by two in three angles.-Conjugate tri angle. (a) A triangle whose sides are mean proportionals between the three pairs of opposite edges of a tetrahedron. (b) See conjugate triangles, under conjugate.-Copolar triangles, diagonal triangle. See the adjectives. -Digastric triangle. Same as submaxillary triangle. Equiangular triangle, a triangle all whose angles are : it is also triangle, a triangle all whose sides are equal: it is also equiangular. -Fundamental triangle, the triangle which serves to define homogeneous coordinates in a plane.-Harmonic triangle, a triangular table of the reciprocals of successive numbers and their successive differences.Hesselbachian triangle. See Hesselbachian.-Homologous triangles, triangles placed projectively, so that the lines through corresponding angles meet in a point, and the intersections of corresponding sides (produced when necessary) lie on a straight line. When two triangles ABC and UVW are homologous when A is considered as corresponding to U, B to V, and C to W, and also when A is considered as corresponding to V, B to W, and C to U, they are said to be doubly homologous; and they are then homologous also when A is considered as corresponding to W, B to U, and C to V.-In-and-circumscribed triangle, a triangle whose angles lie on a given curve or curves, and whose sides are tangent to a given curve or curves.-Inferior carotid triangle, a triangle on the surface of the neck bounded by the median line, the sternomastoid, and the anterior belly of the omohyoid. Also called the triangle of necessity, as the place for tying the carotid, if it cannot be tied in the superior carotid triangle. See cut under muscle1.-Inflexional triangle, an imaginary triangle upon whose sides lie, three by three, the nine points of inflexion of a plané cubic curve.-Infraclavicular, internal triangle. Sco the adjectives. In triangle, in her., arranged in the form of a triangle: said of bearings usually more than three in number. When three in number, they are ge ally blazoned as two and one; when six in number, they are blazoned three, two and one; and the term in triangle is used for a larger or indefinite number. Isosceles triangle, a triangle two of whose sides are equal: the angles opposite those sides are also equal.-Medial line of a triangle, a straight line joining a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side.-Null-line of a triangle, a straight line the locus of points the sum of whose distances from two of the sides of a triangle is equal to the distance from the third side. Every null-line passes through three intersections of sides with bisectors of internal or external angles of the triangle.-Oblique triangle, a triangle having no angle equal to 90°.-Occipital, ocellar, Pythagorean, quadrantal triangle. See the adjectives.-Plane triangle. (a) A triangle whose sides lie in one plane. (b) A triangle whose sides are rectilinear. Polar triangle, a triangle each vertex of which is in any sense a pole of a side of a primitive triangle. Posterior triangle of the neck, a triangle on the surface of the neck bounded by the anterior border of the trapezius, the sternoclidomastoid, and the clavicle. It is divided into the suboccipital and subclavian triangles by the omohyoid. See cut under muscle1.- Rational a whose sides are relatively prime multiples of a linear unit, while its area is comimensurable with the square of that unit: thus, the sides may measure 10, 17, 21, this giving the area 84.- Remarkable circle of a triangle, a circle having a peculiar relation to any triangle. Such circles are particularly(1) the circumscribed circle; (2) the inscribed and the three escribed circles; (3) the Feuerbach or nine-point circle; (4) the Brocard or seven-point circle; (5) the Tucker or tripli cate-ratio circle; (6) the sine triple-angle circle (constructed as follows: on the sides of the triangle ABC take D and D' on BC, E and E' on AC, F and F" on AB such that the angle AEF AF"E' = A, BFD = BD'F' = B, CDE = CE'D' = C; then the circle in question passes through D, D', E, E, F, F', and DD': EE': FF sin 3A: sin 3B: sin 3C); (7) the Taylor pendiculars drawn to the sides from feet of perpendicuor six-point circle, which passes through the six feet of perfars on the sides from the vertices of the triangle; (8) the Spieker circle, or circle inscribed in the triangle whose vertices are the mid-points of the sides of the primitive triangle. See circle.-Remarkable point of a triangle, a point having unique metrical relations to the triangle. The remarkable points usually considered are-(1) the centroid, or intersection of median lines; (2) the orthocenter, or intersection of perpendiculars from the angles upon the opposite sides; (3) the circumcenter, or center of the circumscribed circle; (4) the center of the Feuerbach circle; Grebe, or Lemoine point, the intersection of the three lines (5) the incenter, or center of the inscribed circle; (6) the radical center of the escribed circles; (7) the symmedian, each bisecting a side and bisecting a perpendicular from an angle upon a side; (8) the Spieker point, or mid-point between the circumcenter and incenter; (9) the Brocard points, two points of the Brocard circle (which see, under circle) (through the symmedian point S of any triangle ABC lines are drawn parallel to the sides of the latter, meeting these sides in D and D' on BC, E and E' on AC, F and F on AB, so that D, S, E' are collinear, as well as E, S, Fand F, S, D'; then the three lines through A parallel to FD, through B parallel to DE, and through C parallel to EF meet in one Brocard point P, while the lines through A parallel to D'E', through B parallel to E'F', and through C parallel to F'D' meet in the other Brocard point P'); (10) the center of the triplicate-ratio circle; besides others. Respectant in triangle. See respectant.- Scarpa's triangle, a space on the anterior and inner aspect of the thigh just below the groin, through which the femoral artery passes.- Self-conjugate triangle. See self-conjugate.-Sibiconjugate triangle. See sibiconjugate.Spherical triangle, a triangle formed on the surface of a sphere by the mutual intersection of three great circles. Spherical triangles are divided into right-angled, obliqueangled, equilateral, isosceles, etc., as plane triangles arc.Subclavian triangle, a triangle of the neck bounded by the omohyoid, sternoclidomastoid, and clavicle.- Submaxillary triangle, a triangle on the surface of the neck
triangle bounded above by the lower margin of the lower jaw, and on its other two sides by the digastric muscle. See cut under muscle1.-Suboccipital triangle, a triangle on the surface of the neck bounded by the anterior border of the trapezius, the sternoclidomastoid, and the omohyoid muscle. See cut under muscle1.-Superior carotid triangle, a triangle on the surface of the neck bounded by the sternoclidomastoid, omohyoid, and digastric muscles. Also called triangle of election, with reference to facilities afforded for tying the carotid. See cut under muscle.-Supplemental triangle, a spherical triangle formed by joining the poles of three great circles.Surgical triangle, a triangular space, area, or region containing important vessels and nerves which may require to be operated upon: chiefly said of several such regions of the neck.-Triangle of election, in surg., same as superior carotid triangle.- Triangle of forces, a name given to the proposition in statics which asserts that, if three forces meeting at a point in one plane be in equilibrium, and if on that plane any three mutually intersecting lines be drawn parallel to the directions of the three forces, a triangle will be formed the lengths of whose sides will be proportional to the magnitudes of the forces. -Triangle of Hesselbach. See Hesselbachian triangle. -Triangle of necessity, in surg., the inferior carotid triangle, where the artery must be tied, if there be no room for choice or election.- Triangle of Petit, a triangular space in the la eral wall of the abdomen, bou led below by the crest of the ilium and laterally by the obliquus externus and latissimus dorsi muscles.-Triangle of reference. Same as fundamental triangle.-Triangles in cross, in her., a bearing consisting of a number of triangles arranged in a cross, the number being specified in the blazon. Also called cross of triangles.-Triangles of the neck, certain triangular spaces or areas on each side of the neck, bounded by several muscles, notably the sternoclidomastoid, omohyoid, and digastricus, and by the collarbone and lower jaw-bone, and containing important vessels and nerves which may require to be operated upon. The sides of all these triangles are the natural landmarks in the topographical anatomy of the neck.-Triangle spider, a spider, as Hyptiotes cavatus, which spins a triangu.
lar web in trees, which it sets like a net, capable of being sprung upon its prey by letting go one of the elastic threads which the spider holds.-Vertical triangle, in entom., a triangular space on the vertex, formed by the eyes when they meet in front, as in many Diptera.-Vesical triangle, the trigonuin of the bladder. triangled (tri'ang-gld), a. [< triangle + -cd2.] 1. Having three angles; having the form of a triangle; also, belonging to or situated in a triangle.
The forme or situation of this Citty is like vnto a Triangle. In one of these triangled points standeth the Pallace of the Great Turke, called Seralia. W. Lithgow, Travels, iv. 2. In her., divided into triangles: noting the field, and equivalent to barry bendy dexter and sinister, or paly bendy dexter and sinister. triangular (tri-ang'gu-lär), a. [= F. triangulaire - Pr. triangular Sp. Pg. triangular It. triangolare, <LL. triangularis, < L. triangulus, three-cornered, triangulum, a triangle: see triangle.] 1. Of or pertaining to a triangle; consisting of a triangle.-2. Three-cornered and three-sided; included within three sides and angles: as, a triangular plot of ground; a triangular building. Specifically, in bot. and zool.: (a) Flat or lamellar and having three sides: as, a triangular leaf. (b) Having three lateral faces and edges; triangular in cross-section; trihedral: as, a triangular stem, seed, or column.
The same triangular contest between the three Henrys and their partizans.
3. Hence, of or pertaining to three independent things; three-sided as regards elements, interests, or parties: as, a triangular treaty.
Motley, Hist. Netherlands, II. 135. 4 In her., represented as solid and three-sided: thus, a triangular pyramid or a triangu lar pyramid reversed is a point or a pile which is divided by a line indicating a projecting edge, and is treated as if a solid seen in perspective.Triangular compass, a compass Triangular Compass.
6464 having three legs, two opening in the usual manner, and the third turning round an extension of the central pin of the other two, besides having a motion on its own cen tral joint. By means of this instrument any triangle or any three points may be taken off at once. Triangular coordinates. See coördinate.-Triangular crab, any maioid, whose carapace is more or less triangular. See Triangulares.-Triangular fascia, a thin triangular fibrous band reflected upward and inward beneath the spermatic cord from the attachment of Gimbernat's ligament on the linca iliopectina to the linea alba. Also called triangular ligament. Triangular fibrocartilage, file, fret. See the nouns.-Triangular level, a light frame in the shape of the letter A, and having a plumb-line which deter mines verticality.-Triangular ligament. (a) Same as triangular fascia. (b) A dense fibrous membrane stretched across the subpubic arch on the deep surface of the crura of the penis and the bulb of the urethra. Also called deep perineal or subpubic fascia.—Triangular numbers, the series of figurate numbers which consists of the successive sums of the terms of an arithmeti. cal series whose first term is 1 and the common difference 1. Thus, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, etc., are triangular numbers, They are so called because the number of points expressed by any one of them may be arranged the form of an equilateral triangle.- Triangular plexus. See plexus. Triangular pyramid, a pyramid whose base is a triangle, its sides consisting of three triangles which meet in a point called its vertex.-Triangular scale. See scale3.
triangulare (tri-ang-gu-la′rē), n.; pl. triangularia (-ri-ä). [NL. (sc. os, bone), neut. of L. triangularis: see triangular.] A peculiar bone of the tarsus of some animals, as Cryptoprocta ferox: more fully called triangulare tarsi. Bardeleben.
Triangulares (trī-ang-gu̟-lā’rēz), n. pl. [NL., pl. of L. triangularis: see triangular.] A group of crabs, the maioids or spider-crabs, of more or less triangular figure. See cuts under Oxyrhyncha, Leptopodius, and spider-crab. triangularis (tri-ang-gu-la'ris), ".; pl. triangulares (-rēz). [NL. (sc. musculus, muscle): see triangular.] In anat.: (a) A triangular muscle of the thorax, on the inner surface of the front of the chest, under the sternum and parts of several ribs: more fully called triangularis sterni. Also sternocostalis. (b) The triangular muscle of the chin; the depressor anguli oris: more fully called triangularis menti. See cut under muscle1.
triangularity (tri-ang-gu-lar'i-ti), n. [triangular + -ity.] The state or ccndition of being triangular; triangular form. triangularly (trī-ang'gu-lär-li), adv. In a triangular manner; after the form of a triangle. triangulary+ (tri-ang'gu-la-ri), a. [L. triangularis, three-cornered: see triangular.] angular. Tri
Lifting up in the upper part of the skuil the two triangulary bones called sincipital.
Urquhart, tr. of Rabelais, i. 45. triangulate (tri-ang'gū-lāt), v. t.; pret. and pp. triangulated, ppr. triangulating. < NL. *triangulatus, pp. of *triangulare, L. triangulus, three-cornered, triangular: see triangle.] 1. To make three-cornered or triangular. Imp. Dict. 2. In surv., to divide into triangles; survey by dividing into triangles of which the sides and angles are measured.-3. To determine or observe trigonometrically; study by means of triangulation: as, to triangulate the height of a mountain.
Before each shot flag signals were exchanged with observers on shore, who triangulated the range. Sci. Amer., N. S., LVII. 214. triangulate (tri-ang'gū-lāt), a. [< NL. *triangulatus: see the verb.] In zool., composed of or marked with triangles. A triangulate bar is generally formed of triangles with their bases together, so that the angles touch and sometimes coalesce; it is a form of ornamentation common on the wings of Lepidoptera. triangulately (tri-ang'gu-lat-li), adv. In zool., [= F. 1. A so as to form triangles: as, a margin or surface marked triangulately with black-that is, having triangular black marks. triangulation (tri-ang-gu-la'shon), n. triangulation; as triangulate + -ion.] making triangular; formation into triangles. -2. The operation and immediate result of measuring (ordinarily with a theodolite) the angles of a network of triangles laid out on the earth's surface by marking their vertices. The triangulation usually proceeds from a base-line, the measurement of which is necessary, though no part of the triangulation proper. The geographical positions of the extremities of this base having been ascertained, and the triangulation, or operation of measuring the angles, having been completed, by trigonometrical calculations called the reduction of the triangulation (commonly involving a process of distributing the errors by least squares, called the adjustment of the triangulation) the geographical posi tions of all the other vertices are calculated, assuming the figure of the earth to be known. By the combination of
Triassic the triangulations of different countries the figure of the earth is ascertained. See cut under base-line.
triangulator (trī-ang'gū-lā-tor), n. [< triangutriangulation in a trigonometrical survey. late or1.] One who performs the work of trianguloid (tri-ang'gu-loid), a. [<L. triangu lum, a triangle, + Gr. eidos, form.] Somewhat triangular in shape. A trianguloid space.
H. Spencer. (Imp. Dict.) Triangulum (tri-ang'gu-lum), n. [L.: see triangle.] An ancient northern constellation in the form of the letter delta (4). It has one star of the third magnitude.-Triangulum Australe (the Southern Triangle), a southern constellation, added by Petrus Theodori in the fifteenth century, south of Ara. It contains one star of the second and two of the third magnitude.-Triangulum Minus (the Lesser Triangle), a constellation introduced by Hevelius in 1600, immediately south of Triangulum. It is no longer in use. triantelope, triantulope (tri-an'te-lōp, -tụlõp), n. [A corruption of tarantula, simulating antelope.] A tarantula. [Australia.] Tarantulas, or large spiders (as the bushmen call them, triantulopes), come crawling down the sides of the tent in wet weather.
Bush Wanderings of a Naturalist, p. 208. Trianthema (tri-an-thē'mä), n. [NL. (Linnæus, 1753), Gr. Tрeis (τpi-), three, + avonua, a flowering, avoew, flower, avtos, a flower.] A genus of plants, of the order Ficoideæ and tribe Aizoidea. It is distinguished from the related genus Sesuvium by its stipulate leaves, and ovary with one or two cells. There are 12 species, scattered through warm parts of Asia, Africa, and Australia, with one American species, T. monogynum, native from Cuba to Venezuela and the Galapagos Islands. They are usually diffuse prostrate herbs, with opposite, unequal, entire leaves, and two-bracted flowers without petals, but with the five x-lobes colored within. T. monogynum is known in Jamaica as horsepurslane. three, + aveos, a flower.] In bot., three-flowtrianthous (trī-an'thus), a. [< Gr. Tрεis (TP:-), ered. triantulope, n. triapsal (tri-ap ́sal), a. See triantelope. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + apsis, apse, +-al.] Same as triapsidal. There is, so far as I know, only one triapsal church, that of St. Croix at Mont Majour near Arles. J. Fergusson, Hist. Arch., I. 462.
triapsidal (tri-ap'si-dal), a. [ L. tres (tri-), three, apsis (apsid-), apse, + -al.] Having three apses; subdivided into three apses; characterized by a triple arrangement of the apse, as most Greek churches.
The arrangement of the triapsidal basilica is perfect. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 131. triarch (tri'ärk), a. [< Gr. τpíaρxos, having three rulers, fig. having three branches, as a horn, Tpεis (Tp-), three, + ápxós, ruler.] In bot., noting radial fibrovascular bundles having three rays. Bastin. triarchée (tri-är'che), a. [Heraldic F., as tri+arch + -ce1.] In her., treble-arched; having three arches: noting a bridge or the like. triarchy (trīʼär-ki), n.; pl. triarchies (-kiz). [< Gr. Tpiapxia, government by three, a triumvirby three persons; a three-headed government. ate, Tpeis (Tpl-), three, + apxew, rule.] Rule
She [the rational soul] issueth forth her commands, and, dividing her empire into a triarchy, she governs by three viceroys, the
Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 143. (Davies.) triarian (tri-a'ri-an), a. [< L. triarii, soldiers of the third rank or class (< tres, tri-, three), + -an.] Occupying the third post or place in an array.
Let the brave Second and Triarian band Firm against all impression stand. Cowley, Restoration of K. Charles II. triarticulate (tri-är-tik'u-lāt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, articulatus, jointed: see articujoints or articles: as, a triarticulate palpus; our late.] In zool. and anat., composed of three trias (tri'as), n. [NL., <LL. trias, < Gr. τpiás, fingers are triarticulate. Also triarticulated. the number three: see triad.] 1. In music, same as triad, 3.—2. [cap.] In geol., same as Triassic.-3. [cap.] In German hist., a name sometimes given to the old German empire, reckoned as consisting of three coördinate parts-Austria, Prussia, and the group of smaller states.
Triassic (tri-as ́ik), a. and n. [=F. triasique= Sp. triásico; as trias +-ic.] In geol., the lower of the three great divisions of the entire system of fossiliferous rocks (Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous) which together make up the Mesozoic or Secondary series. The Triassic lies above the Permian, and beneath the Jurassic. The threefold subdivision from which the Triassic derives its name is best seen in central Europe, and especially in northern Germany, where the bunter-sandstein, muschelkalk, and
Triassic Keuper (see those words) are well-marked features of the geology. In the Alps, especially toward the eastern end of the range, the Triassic is developed to very great thickness and in great complexity of subgroups, each characterized by its own peculiar assemblage of fossils. complexity is specially characteristic of the upper portion This
6465 tribble (trib'l), n. [Perhaps a corruption of cribble, a sieve.] In paper-manuf., a large horizontal frame in the loft or drying-room, with hairs or wires stretched across it, on which tribespeople (tribz'pē"pl), n. pl. Persons consheets of paper are hung to dry. E. H. Knight. of the series. In England the line separating the Triassic tribe (trib), n. [< ME. tribu (in pl. tribus), stituting a tribe; the members of a tribe. J. R. Green, Making of England, p. 271.
from the Permian is much less distinctly marked than it is on the Continent. What was formerly called the "New Red Sandstone" is now divided, in accordance with paleontological and not lithological characters, into Permian and Triassic. In the United States the Triassic plays an important part, but varies greatly in character in different parts of the country. The sandstones of the Connecticut river valley and the continuation of the same formation
to the south, through Pennsylvania and Virginia into North constitute a marked feature of the geology of the Atlantic belt of States, containing various fossil plants resembling those found in Europe on the same horizon, and especially characterized by tracks of vertebrates, while remains of their bony skeletons are ex tremely rare. The Triassic of the Rocky Mountain region is also an important formation (see Red beds, under red1); and that of the western region of the Great Basin, of Sierra Nevada, and of ranges further north near the coast is also extremely interesting, resembling very closely in the character of its fossils the Triassic of the eastern Alps. The most striking feature of the flora of the Triassic is the predominance of the cycads, hence the period of deposition of this division of the series has sometimes been called the "age of cycads." The earliest remains of mammalian life are found in the Triassic, in the form of small marsupials. In the Alpine Triassic, both in the Alps and on the western coast of North America, there is a most remarkable commingling of Paleozoic and Mesozoic types of cephalopods. triatic (tri-at'ik), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + -atic1.] Forming three angles: only in the phrase triatic stay. See stay1. triatomic (tri-a-tom'ik), a. [< Gr. Tрeis (Tpl-), three,+ aroμov, atom: see atom, atomic.] In chem.: (a) Consisting of three atoms: applied to the molecules of elements where the atoms are of the same kind: as, a triatomic element; or to compounds where the atoms are unlike: as, triatomic molecules. (b) Same as trivalent. (c) Having three hydroxyl groups by which other atoms or radicals may be attached without altering the structure of the rest of the molecule: thus, glycerin is called a triatomic alcohol. triaxal (tri-ak'sal), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, +axis, axis, +-al.] Having three axes: as, triaxal coördinates. triaxial (tri-ak'si-al), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + axis, axis, + -al.] Having three axes, as some sponge-spicules.
Although they [spicules] are quadriradiate, they are still only triaxial. Micros. Science, N. S., XXXII. 7. triaxon (tri-ak'son), a. and n. [< Gr. Tрεis (TPL), three,+agov, axis. I. a. Triaxial, as a spongespicule; having three axes diverging from a common center, resulting from linear growth from a center in three directions at an inclination of 120° to one another. See cut under sponge-spicule. II. n. A regular figure of three axes diverging from a common center, as a sponge-spicule with three such axes. Triaxonia (tri-ak-sō'ni-ä), n. pl. [NL.: see triaxon.] Triaxon sponges as a subclass of calcareous sponges with simple canal-system and triaxon spicules. triaxonian (tri-ak-sō'ni-an), a. Same as tri
axon. A triaxonian star with five or six rays. Amer. Nat., XXI. 938.
tribal (tri'bal), a. [< tribe +-al.] 1. Of or pertaining to a tribe; characteristic of a tribe: as, tribal organization; tribal customs; a tribal community.
The old tribal divisions, which had never been really extinguished by Roman rule, rose from their hiding-places. Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 28. 2. In biol., of or pertaining to phyla or other broad divisions of the animal kingdom: as, tribal history (that is, phylogeny, as distinguished from germ-history or ontogeny). Haeckel. tribalism (tribal-izm), n. [ tribal + -ism.] The state of existing in separate tribes; tribal relation or feeling.
No national life, much less civilisation, was possible under the system of Celtic tribalism, as it existed at least till the time of the Tudors. Edinburgh Rev., CLXIII. 443. The period of the Judges was one of entire tribalism, with little national union and continuous relapses into idolatry. tribally (tri'bal-i), adv. In a tribal manner; as or with reference to a tribe. The American, XVII. 104.
It is probable that Professor Putnam is not justified in concluding that the people of the two sections were tribally identical. Science, XV. 383. tribasic (trī-bā'sik), a. [<Gr. Tpeis (Tp-), three, + Báois, base, + -ic.] In chem., having three hydrogen atoms replaceable by equivalents of a base: noting some acids.
= peo OF. tribu, F. tribu Sp. tribu Pg. tribu It. tribo, tribu, < L. tribus, a division of the people, a tribe, in general the common people, the populace; traditionally explained as orig. a third part' of the people (one of the three divisions into which the Roman people were divided), and referred to tres (tri-), three (cf. dat. pl. tribus; Gr. dial. TрITUS for TpITTUS, a third part). Cf. W. tref, village; E. thorp, a village.] 1. In Rom. hist., one of the three patrician or ders, or original political divisions of the ple of ancient Rome, the Ramnes, Tities, and Luceres, representing respectively, according to tradition, the separate Latin, Sabine, and Etruscan settlements, having at their union equal representation in the senate, and retaining their distinctive names for several centuries. Hence-2. Any one of the similar divisions of a race or nation common in antiquity, whether of natural or of political origin: as, the tribes (pvλai) of Athens. Ethnical tribes among the ancients regarded themselves as enlarged families, and generally bore the name of some real or supposed common progenitor. Such were the twelve tribes of the Israelites, the tribes of the Dorians and other Greek races, etc. The thirty (and afterward more) tribes into which the plebeians in and around Rome were divided, after the formation of the patrician tribes, were based on locality; and tribes nearly corresponding to castes have in some instances been determined by occupation. Have you collected them by tribes?
Shak., Cor., iii. 3. 11. 3. Specifically, a division of a barbarous race of people, usually distinguishable in some way from their congeners, united into a community under a recognized head or chief, ruling either independently or subordinately. In general the tribe, as it still exists among the American Indians and many African and Asiatic races, is the earliest form of political organization, nations being ultimately constituted by their gradual amalgamation and loss of identity in the progress of civilization.
The characteristic of all these races [Uralian], when in the tribal state, is that the tribes themselves, and all subdivisions of them, are conceived by the men who compose them as descended from a single male ancestor. some cases the Tribe can hardly be otherwise described than as the group of men subject to some one chieftain. Maine, Early Hist. of Institutions, pp. 65, 69. In 4. Any class or body of persons taken collectively; any aggregate of individuals of a kind, either as a united body or as distinguished by some common characteristic or occupation. [Chiefly colloq.]
Folly and vice are easy to describe, The common subjects of our scribbling tribe. Roscommon, A Prologue, spoken to the Duke of York at [Edinburgh. And then there flutter'd in, Half-bold, half-frightened, with dilated eyes, A tribe of women, dress'd in many hues. Tennyson, Geraint.
5. A family of cattle having a common female ancestor. Tribes of cattle are particular strains, taking their names usually from some particular cow appearing in the pedigrees, as the Princess or Duchess tribes of shorthorns. There is no absolute rule for naming a tribe, but it descends through the female line. 6. In zool. and bot., a classificatory group of uncertain taxonomic rank, above a genus, and usually below an order; loosely, any group or series of animals: as, the furry, feathery, or finny tribes; the cat tribe. Linnæus distributed the vegetable kingdom into three tribes, namely monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous, and acotyledonous plants, and these he subdivided into gentes or nations. By other naturalists tribe has been used for a division of animals or plants intermediate between order and genus. In botany this is below the suborder where that division is present. Cuvier the current and a very common use, the tribe standing divided his orders into families, and his families into tribes, including under the latter one or more genera. Syn. 1-3. Race, Clan, etc. See people. tribe (trib), v. t.; pret. and pp. tribed, ppr. tribing. [tribe, n.] To distribute into tribes or classes. [Rare.]
Our fowl, fish, and quadrupeds are well tribed by Mr. Willughby and Mr. Ray. Bp. Nicolson, Eng. Hist. Lib., i. 1. tribelet (trib'let), n. [< tribe + -let.] A little tribe; a subordinate division or offset of a tribe. [Rare.]
tribromphenol It was by taking a grant, not as elsewhere of land, but of cattle, that the free tribesman became the man or vassal of an Irish chief.
When a man marries a woman from a distant locality, he goes to her tribelet and identifies himself with her people. Jour. Anthrop. Inst., XVIII. 250. tribesman (tribz'man), n.; pl. tribesmen (-men). tribe's, poss. of tribe, +man.] A man belonging to a tribe; a member of a particular tribe, or of the same tribe as the person speaking or referred to.
[Rare.] triblet (trib'let), n. He sent me a list of the number of tribespeople, Jour. Anthrop. Inst., XIX. 90. [Also triboulet, tribolet, treblet; OF. triboulet, a triblet, a dim. form, ed instrument, a caltrop: see Tribulus.] 1. A prob. L. tribulus, < Gr. τpißoλos, a three-pointmandrel used in forging tubes, nuts, and rings, and for other purposes.-2. The mandrel in a triblet-tubes (trib'let-tubz), n. pl. In brass-fitmachine for making lead pipe. E. H. Knight. ting, thin tubes fitted to slide in and upon other tubes, usually of the same thickness of metal, as the tubes of microscopes, telescopes, and other optical instruments. Triboloceratida (trib"ō-lo-se-rat'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Gr. Tpißolos, three-pointed (see Tribulus), + KÉрas (KEPAT-), horn, + -idæ.] A famwhorls, fluted or hollow abdomen, the sides and ily of nautiloid cephalopods, having depressed the abdomen ridged lengthwise and the ridges often spinose, and the sutures with ventral, lateral, and dorsal lobes. Hyatt, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1883, p. 293. triboluminescence (trib-o-lu-mi-nes'ens), n. [Irreg. < Gr. rpiße, rub, + E. luminescence.] Frictional luminosity; light emitted from bodies under the excitation of rubbing.
According to the mode of excitation I distinguish Photo-, Electro-, Chemi-, and Tribo-luminescence. Philos. Mag., 5th ser., XXVIII. 151.
Tribonyx ventralis. = genus of Australian and Tasmanian gallinules, The leading species is T. ventralis. allied to Notornis: also called Brachyptrallus. triboulet (trib'ö-let), n. Same as triblet. tribrach1 (tri'brak), n. [Formerly, as L., tribrachys, also tribrachus; F. tribraque Sp. tribraquio = Pg. tribraco, L. tribrachys, < Gr. Tpißpaxus, a tribrach, < Tpeis (Tpl-), three, + ẞpaxis, short: see brief.] In anc. pros., a foot consisting of three short times or syllables, two of which belong to the thesis and one to the arsis, or vice versa. It is accordingly trisemic and diplasic. The tribrach was not used in continuous composition, but as a substitute for a trochee (the trochaic tribrach, ~~ for) or for an iambus (the iambic tribrach, for ). The name trochee or chorce (trochæus, choreus) was given by some ancient authorities to the tribrach. Also tribrachys. V Never take an iambus as a Christian name. A trochee or tribrach will do very well.
Coleridge, Table-Talk, Oct. 8, 1832. tribrach2 (tri'brak), n. [< Gr. Tрeis (Tpl-), three, +Bpaxiwv, arm.] Same as tribrachial. tribrachial (trī-brā ́ki-al), n. [< tribrach2 + -ial.] A three-armed figure or utensil; specifically, a three-branched flint implement occasionally found. tribrachic (tri-brak'ik), a. [< tribrach + -ic.] In anc. pros.: (a) Consisting of three short times or syllables; constituting a tribrach. (b) Pertaining to a tribrach or tribrachs; consisting of tribrachs.
tribracteate (tri-brak'te-at), a. [L. tres (tri-), three, bractea, a thin plate (bract): see bract.] In bot., having three bracts. tribromphenol (tri-brom-fe'nol), n. [< tri+brom(ine) + phenol.] A substance formed Page 19
tribromphenol by the action of a solution of carbolic acid on bromine-water, and possessing antiseptic properties. tribual (trib'u-al), a. [< L. tribus, tribe (see tribe), + -al.] ̈ Of or pertaining to a tribe; tribal.
= = Surely this proceedeth not from any natural imperfection in the parents (whence probably the Tribual lisping of the Ephraimites did arise). Fuller, Worthies, II. 225. tribular (trib'u-lär), a. [< L. tribulis, one of the same tribe as another, < tribus, tribe: see tribe.] Of or relating to a tribe; tribal: as, tribular worship. Imp. Dict. tribulation (trib-u-la'shon), n. [< ME. tribulacion, tribulaciun, < OF. (and F.) tribulation Pr. trebulatio, tribolacio Sp. tribulacion Pg. tribulação = It. tribulazione, tribolazione, < LL. tribulatio(n-), distress, trouble, tribulation, affliction, tribulare, oppress, afflict, a fig. use of L. tribulare, press, prob. also thresh out grain, < tribulum, also tribula, also trivolum (Gr. Tpíßoλος, appar. after the L.), a sledge consisting of a wooden block studded with sharp pieces of flint or with iron teeth, used for threshing grain, <terere, pp. tritus, rub (cf. Gr. Tpißew, rub, thresh): see trite, try.] 1. A state of affliction or oppression; suffering; distress.
That it may please thee to succour, help, and comfort all who are in danger, necessity, and tribulation. Book of Common Prayer, Litany. He added that poor Will was at present under great tribulation, for that Tom Touchy had taken the law of him. Addison, Spectator, No. 269. 2. A cause or occasion of suffering; a trouble or trial.
Death and bloodshed, strife and sword, calamities, famine, tribulation, and the scourge. Ecclus. xl. 9. 3. A troublesome or lawless person; also, such persons collectively; colloquially, a trial; a ter ror.
... These are the youths that thunder at a playhouse, that no audience, but the tribulation of Tower-hill, or the limbs of Limehouse, their dear brothers, are able to endure. Shak., Hen. VIII., v. 4. 65.
Tribulus (trib'u-lus), n. [NL. (Tournefort, 1700; earlier by Lobel, 1576), < L. tribulus, Gr. Tpißolos, a caltrop, water-caltrop, and probably the land-caltrop, T. terrestris, lit. threepointed, equiv. to rpißeλns, three-pointed, < тpeis (Tpl-), three, + Béλos, a dart, < ßáhλew, throw.] A genus of polypetalous plants, of the order Zygophylleæ. It is characterized by abruptly pinnate leaves, a fruit of from five to twelve indehiscent carpels, and an embryo without albumen. About 35 species have been described, of which 15 are now considered distinct, natives of warm regions almost throughout the world. They are herbs with loose prostrate branches, commonly silky, and bearing opposite stipulate leaves, one of each pair smaller than the other, or sometimes absent. The yellow or white flowers are solitary in the axils of the stipules. The five-angled flattened fruit bears one or more spines or tubercles on each carpel. The species are known in general as caltrop, especially, in the West Indies, T. maximus, a single-beaked American species common also from Texas and California to Panama. Two other species oc cur in Lower California, T. grandiflorus and T. Californi cus, the former extending to New Mexico, and bearing yellow flowers about 2 inches broad. The European species, T. terrestris, is known as land-caltrop. T. cistoides (see cut under stigma), a prostrate perennial species with large yellow flowers, widely distributed along tropical shores of India, Africa, and America, is known as turkey-blossom in Jamaica, where it is common in salt-pastures; it also occurs in Florida, on Key West.
= tribunal (trī-būʼnal), n. [= F. tribunal = Pr. tice.
I' the market-place, on a tribunal silver'd, Hence-2. A court of justice.
nals. Fenwick... eluded the justice of the ordinary tribuMacaulay, Hist. Eng., xxii. 3. Eccles., the confessional.-Revolutionary tribunal, in French hist., an extraordinary court constituted in París by the Convention in March, 1793, ostensibly to take cognizance of attempts against the republic, the principles of the Revolution, and the public security. There was no appeal from its decisions; many persons, innocent as well as guilty, eminent and obscure, high and low, were condemned to death, and their property confiscated to the state. It was reorganized after the fall of Robespierre in 1794, and suppressed in June, 1795. There were also revolutionary tribunals in the departments.Tribunal of Penitentiaries. See penitentiary, 2 (c). tribunal-seat (trī-bū’nal-sēt), n. bunal, 1.
6466 tribunal-seat of Jesus Christ. That little piece of work I commend unto you, as a thing Pg. tribunado It. tribunato, < L. tribunatus, the office and dignity of a tribune, ‹ tribunus, a tribune: see tribune1.] Tribuneship.
Such was the origin of the tribunate-which, in pro-
W. Wilson, State, § 154. = The creation of the tribunate did, nevertheless, trans- buno = D. tribuun = G. Sw. Dan. tribun, < L. tribunus, a commander, tribune, magistrate (see def.), orig. the chief of a tribe, or the represen- tative of a tribe, < tribus, a tribe: see tribe.] 1. In Rom. hist., originally, a magistrate pre- siding over a tribe, or representing a tribe for certain purposes; specifically, a tribune of the people (tribunus plebis), an officer or magistrate chosen by the people, from the time of the se- cession (probably in 494 B. C.), to protect them from the oppression of the patricians or nobles, and to defend their liberties against any at- tempts upon them by the senate and consuls. Their persons were inviolable, and any one who trans- gressed in regard to the respect due them was outlawed. These magistrates were at first two, but their number was increased to five and ultimately to ten, which last number appears to have remained unaltered down to the end of the empire. The tribunes figured especially in the as- sembly of the tribes (comitia tributa); they could inflict no direct punishment, but could propose the imposition of fines, and from their personal inviolability could afford protection to any person. With the advance of time, they could bring an offending patrician before the comi- tia, could sit in the senate, could stop summarily pro- ceedings instituted before any magistrate, could propose measures of state to the comitia or the senate, and finally could even issue peremptory edicts and suspend decrees of the senate. Their powers were greatly curtailed by the emperors. The name tribune was also given to any one of general officers of the legions (tribunus militaris), and to certain other officers, as the tribunus voluptatum, or superintendent of public amusements, of Diocletian and later.
2. Hence, one who upholds or defends popu- newspapers.
That great tribune, Mr. Bright.
Nineteenth Century, XXVI. 735.
He remained some time before his presence was ob- (b) A sort of pulpit or rostrum where a speaker stands
... Members [of the French Chamber of Deputies] do not tribuneship (trib'un-ship), n. [< tribune1 +
tribunicial, tribunitial (trib-u-nish'al), a. [< L. tribunicius, tribunitius, of or belonging to a tribune, < tribunus, a tribune: see tribune1.] Pertaining to or befitting a tribune; characteristic of a tribune or of his power or functions.
My lord Sejanus Is to receive this day in open senate The tribunitial dignity. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v.7. This insolent tribunitial veto has long encumbered all our public affairs. B. Franklin, Autobiog., p. 331. tribunician, tribunitian (trib-u-nish'an), a. [= F. tribunitien (cf. It. tribunizio Sp. tribunicio), < L. tribunicius, tribunitius, of or belonging to a tribune, < tribunus, a tribune: see trib une1.] Same as tribunicial.
tribune1 (trib ́ūn), v. t.; pret. and pp. tribuned, These Essentialls must not be Ephorized or Tribuned to L. tribunal, a platform: see tribunal, and cf. tribune1.] 1. In a Roman basilica, the raised platform at one end of the auditorium, fre- quently in a small addition of semicircular plan to the main structure, which formed the official station of the pretor; the tribunal; hence, in Christian churches of basilican plan, the throne of the bishop (which originally oc- cupied the place of the pretor's seat), and the part of the church containing it; hence, again, in Italian churches generally, any apse or struc- 2. In geog., an affluent; a river or other body ture of apsidal form. See cut under basilica. Shak., Hamlet, v. 2. 38. A nave of four enormous bays is stopped upon a vast oc of water which contributes its stream to another river, etc. tagonal space, from which, at the east, the north, and the south, are built out three pentagonal tribunes or apses, C. E. Norton, Church-building in Middle Ages, p. 228. Specifically-(a) The throne of a bishop. See def. 1. A bayou emptying into the Red river is a tributary of the Mississippi, within the meaning of an insurance policy. Miller v. Insurance Co., 12 W. Va. 116. tribute (trib ́ūt), n. [< ME. tribute, trybute, tribut, trybut, < OF. tribut (also vernacularly treü, > ME. trew: see trew3), F. tribut = Pr. trebut, trabug, trabus, trabut, traut, treu = Sp. Pg. It. tributo, L. tributum, tribute, lit. 'a thing contributed or paid,' neut, of tributus, pp. of tribuere, assign, allot, grant, give, bestow, etc., usu ally derived tribus, tribe (taken as orig. a part?): see tribe. Hence attribute, contribute, distribute, retribute.] 1. A stated sum of money or other valuable consideration paid by one prince or state to another in acknowledgment of submission, or as the price of peace, security, and protection, or by virtue of some treaty.
Your tributary drops belong to woe, Which you, mistaking, offer up to joy. Shak., R. J., iii. 2. 103. Yea, so greatly are we indebted to this kinsman of death that we owe the better tributary half of our life to him; . for sleep is the golden chain that ties health and our bodies together. Dekker, Gull's Hornbook, p. 61. 3. Bringing accretions, supplies, aid, or the like; contributory; auxiliary; subsidiary; specifically, of streams, affluent.
The imperious seas breed monsters, for the dish Poor tributary rivers as sweet fish.
Shak., Cymbeline, iv. 2. 36. Conciseness has been already considered as tributary to perspicuity and to precision; it is more conducive to energy than to either. A. Phelps, English Style, p. 245. II. n.; pl. tributaries (-riz). 1. A person or which pays a stated sum to a conquering power, a state that pays tribute; one who or that in acknowledgment of submission, or for the purchase of peace, security, and protection. They have brought him to be a tributary to them: viz.,
And zit thei zelden Tribute for that Lond to the Queen of Amazoine, the whiche makethe hem to ben kept in cloos fulle diligently, that thei schalle not gon out on no syde, but be the Cost of hire Lond.
Mandeville, Travels, p. 266. Their tributes and rents were brought thither from all the places of France which yielded so great a revenue to the Romans. Coryat, Crudities, I. 59.
tribute 2. The state of being liable for such a payment; the obligation of contributing. Undre it there is a Town that hight Sobache; and there alle abowte dwellen Cristene men undre Trybute. Mandeville, Travels, p. 104. His [Burke's] imperial fancy has laid all nature under tribute, and has collected riches from every scene of the creation and every walk of art. R. Hall, Apology for the Freedom of the Press, iv. 3. Formerly, that which was paid by a subject or a tenant to a sovereign or lord; a tax; rental. The distinction which we should draw between tribute and rent was seldom if ever marked in early times. The receiver of tribute was regarded as the landlord, and he who paid tribute was regarded as a tenant, paying rent. D. W. Ross, German Land-Holding, notes, p. 243. 4. See the quotation.
"In some of the southern parts of Ireland," said Grat- 2t. To drag; pull. tan, in one of the tithe debates, "the peasantry are made tributary to the tithe-farmer, draw home his corn, his hay, and his turf for nothing; give him their labour, their cars, and their horses at certain times of the year for nothing. These oppressions not only exist, but have acquired a formal and distinct appellation — tributes.' Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., xvi. 5. A contribution; an accretion. From his side two rivers flow'd, Then meeting join'd their tribute to the sea. Milton, P. R., iii. 258. 6. A personal acknowledgment or offering; a mark of devotion, gratitude, or respect. He receives a suitable tribute for his universal benevolence to mankind in the returns of affection and good-will which are paid him by every one that lives within his neighbourhood. Addison, Spectator, No. 122. The passing tribute of a sigh. Gray, Elegy. 7. In mining, the proportion of ore or its value which a person doing tribute-work receives for his labor. Syn. 1. Duty, Impost, etc. See tax. tribute (trib'ut), v. t.; pret. and pp. tributed, ppr. tributing. [< ME. tributen, L. tributus, pp. of tribuere, assign, allot, grant, give: see tribute, n.] 1. To pay as tribute.
An amorous trifler, that spendeth his forenoons on his glass and barber, his afternoons with paint or lust, tributing most precious moments to the scepter of a fan! Whitlock, Manners of Eng. People, p. 302. (Latham.) 2t. To distribute; bestow; dispose.
Hem I sette in wel pastyned lande, And thai tributed with felicitee.
6467 the root *trind of trend, trendle, trindle, trundle, < MLG. trissen, LG. trissen, tryssen, also drisen, drysen, wind up, trice, > G. trissen, trice the spritsail, Dan. tridse, haul by means of a pulley: see trice1, n.] 1. Naut., to haul up; tie up or lash by means of a small rope: com- monly with up. With trumppez thene trystly they trisene_upe thaire saillez. Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), l. 832. The sails were furled with great care, the bunts triced up by jiggers, and the jibs stowed in cloth. R. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 204.
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 124. tribute-money (trib ́ūt-mun′′i), n. Money paid as tribute.
tricaudate (tri-kâ'dāt), a. [<L. tres (tri-), three, similation of consonants (trinds- > triss-), from
The howndis that were of gret prise Pluckid downe dere all at a tryse. ... But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, Shew me the tribute money. And they brought unto him Mat. xxii. 19. a penny. Ipomedon, 1. 392 (Weber's Metr. Rom., II. 295). Even in a dream, were we divided from them. Shak., Tempest, v. 1. 238.That Structure which was so many Years a rearing was tribute-pitch (trib'ūt-pich), n. In mining. See dashed, as it were, in a Trice. Howell, Letters, I. iii. 30. pitch, 11. tributer (trib'ū-tėr), n. [< tribute +-er1.] In mining, one who works in a mine, and receives as his pay a certain proportion (called tribute) of the ore raised. See tribute, n., 7. tribute-work (trib'ut-werk), n. In mining, work taken on tribute. Compare tut-work. tributorioust (trib-u-to'ri-us), a. [LL. tribu- torius, pertaining to payment, < L. tribuere, as- sign, give: see tribute, v.] Pertaining to dis- tribution. Bailey, 1727. tricapsular (trī-kap'sū-lär), a. [L. tres (tri-), three, + capsula, capsule, + -ar3.] 1. In bot., three-capsuled; having three capsules to each flower. 2. In zoöl., having three capsules or cells; tricellular. tricarpellary (trī-kärʼpe-la-ri), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, NL. carpellus, carpel, +-ary.] In bot., having three carpels. See cut under carpel. tricarpellite (tri-kär'pe-lit), n. [<L. tres (tri-), three,+ NL. carpellus, carpel, + -ite2.] A fos- sil nut of the London clay, having three carpels. tricarpous (tri-kär'pus), a. [< Gr. τpeis (7pi-), three, κарnós, fruit.] In bot., consisting of or bearing three fruits or three carpels; tricar- pellary. tricaudalis (trī-kâ-dā'lis), n.; pl. tricaudales (-lēz). [NL. (sc. musculus), ‹ L. tres (tri-), three, + cauda, tail, + -al.] The retrahens auris mus cle, which commonly has three separate slips like tails. In a trice the whole room was in an uproar. Steele, Tatler, No. 266. tricellular (tri-sel'ṛ-lär), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + cellula, a cell: see cellular.] Having three cells; consisting of three cells. tricennarious (trī-se-nāʼri-us), a. [Prop. *tri- cenarious, L. tricenarius, containing thirty, thirty years old,< triceni, thirty, thirty at a time, < triginta, thirty: see thirty. The spelling tri- cennarious is due to confusion with tricennial, which contains the element annus, year.] Tri- cennial; belonging to the term of thirty years. tricennial (tri-senʼi-al), a. [Cf. LL. tricennalis, belonging to thirty years; LL. tricennium, á space of thirty years, irreg. < L. tric(eni), thirty at a time, thirty each (< triginta, thirty), + an- nus, year.] Noting thirty, or something marked by the number thirty; specifically, marked by the term of thirty years; occurring once in every thirty years. Bailey, 1731. tricentenary (tri-sen ́te-na-ri), a. and n. [L. *tricentenarius, *trecentenarius, three hundred each, tricenti, trecenti, three hundred, < tres (tri-), three, + centum, hundred. Cf. centenary.] Same as tercentenary. tricentennial (tri-sen-ten'i-al), a. and n. [< L. tricenti, trecenti, three hundred, + annus, a year. Cf. centennial.] Same as tercentenary, tricephalous (tri-sef'a-lus), a. [ NL. triceph- alus, Gr. Tpképaλos, three-headed, <Tpeis (Tpl-), three, + Kepahn, head.] Having three heads. Compare tricipital. tricephalus (tri-sef'a-lus),n.; pl. tricephali (-lī). [NL.: see tricephalous.] In teratol., a three- headed monster. triceps (trī'seps), a. and n. [NL., < L. triceps, having three heads, < tres (tri-), three, + caput, head.] I. a. Three-headed; tricipital; spe- cifically, in anat., noting certain muscles which arise by three heads. II. n.; pl. tricipites (trī-sip'i-tēz). A tricip-
By God, out of his sete I wol him tryce; Whan he leest weneth, sonest shal he falle. Chaucer, Monk's Tale, 1. 535. trice2 (trīs), n. [< ME. tryse (in the phrase at a tryse); later also in the phrases at, with, on, or in a trice; appar. lit. a pull, jerk,' i. e. a single quick motion, <trice1, v. The later form of the phrase in a trice looks like an adapta- tion of the like-meaning Sp. phrase en un tris, in a trice (cf. venir en un tris, come in an in- stant; estar en un tris, be on the verge; Pg. en hum triz, in a trice, estar por hum triz, be within a hair's breadth), lit. 'in a crack' (a phrase used in Scotch), Sp. tris (= Pg. triz), a crack, crash, noise made by the breaking of glass or other brittle things, hence an instant, short time, a trice. According to Stevens (1706), Sp. tris is " a barbarous fram'd word signifying nothing of it self but as they make it; thus, venir en un tris, to come in a trice, no less bar- barous in English"; prob., as the redupl. tris- tras, a clattering noise, indicates, an orig. imi- tative word, like trictrac. It is not clear that the Sp. phrase has orig. any connection with the E. phrase.] A very short time; an instant; a moment: only in the phrase in (formerly also at, with, or on) a trice.
Trichia cially, such a muscle of the fore or hind limb, expressly named as in the following phrases.Triceps extensor cruris, or triceps femoralis, the extensor of the leg upon the thigh, and in part the flexor of parts the rectus femoris, arising from the anterior border the thigh upon the pelvis, considered as consisting of three of the ilium, and the vastus internus and vastus externus, arising from the front and sides of the femur. Also called quadriceps extensor cruris when the cruræus muscle is considered as distinct from the vastus externus. The single tendon incloses the patella, and is inserted into the tuberosity of the tibia. See third cut under muscle1.-Triceps extensor cubiti, or triceps humeralis, the three-headed muscle which extends the forearm upon the arm, and draws the humerus backward. It is composed of a long or scapular head, arising from the axillary border of the scapula, and an inner and outer or two short heads, arising from the back of the humerus, separated by the musculospiral groove and nerve and superior profunda artery; the three are inserted together into the olecranon. Also called triceps brachii. See third cut under muscle1. tricerion (tri-sē ́ri-on), n. [< LGг. тpikhpiov, < Gr. Tpeis (Tpl-), three. + knpós, wax, a wax-taper: see cere.] A candlestick with three lights, symbolizing the Trinity: used by the Greek bishops in blessing the people. See dicerion. tricht (trik), v. t. [ME. trichen, tricchen, ‹OF. tricher, trichier, trechier, deceive, trick, = It. treccare, deceive, prob. < L. tricari, trifle, act deceitfully, trick, tricæ, trifles. Hence ult. E. treacher, treachery, etc. Cf. trick1, v. and n.] To deceive; trick.
Nu thu sest that ha habbeth itricchet te as treitres. Hali Meidenhad (E. E. T. S.), p. 9.
Trichadinæ (trik-a-di'nē), n. pl. [NL., Trichas Opis (Tpix-), hair, + EKTαois, extension: see ecta- sis.] Dilatation of the capillary blood-vessels. Trichas (tri'kas), n. [NL., Gr. Tpixás, a bird of the thrush kind.] In ornith.: (a) Same as Criniger of Temminck. This name was proposed by Gloger in 1827, the same year that Swainson named the following. The two genera have no connection. See cut under Criniger. (b) A genus of American war- blers, giving name to the subfamily Trichadinæ: same as Geothlypis. The common Maryland yellow- throat used to be called T. marilandica; it is now known as G. trichas. See cut under Geothlypis. trichatrophia (trik-a-trō'fi-ä), n. [NL., < Gr. Opi (Tpix-), hair, + arpopía, atrophy: see atro- phy.] A brittle condition of the hair, with at- rophy of the bulbs. Trichechidæ (tri-kek'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Tri- chechus +-idæ.] 1. A family of pinniped mam- mals, named from the genus Trichechus; the walruses. Also Rosmarida, Odobænidæ, and (in- correctly) Trichecida.—2†. A family of sireni- ans: same as Manatidæ. trichechine (trik'e-kin), a. and n. [< Triche- chus +-inc1.] I. a. Resembling or related to the walrus; of or pertaining to the Trichechidæ. II. n. A walrus. Trichechodon (tri-kek'o-don), n. [NL., < Tri- chechus + Gr. odous (odovт-) = E. tooth. Cf. tri- chechodont.] A genus of fossil walruses, whose tusks occur in the red clay of Suffolk. Also, in- correctly, Trichecodon. trichechodont (tri-kek'o-dont), a. [< NL. Tri- chechus + Gr. odovç (ödovt-) E. tooth.] In odontog., noting a form of dentition in which, by confluence of tubercles, the molar crowns present two or more transverse crests. It oc- curs in the manatee (Trichechus (a)), elephant, dinotherium, and some marsupials. trichechoid (trik'e-koid), a. and n. I. a. Of or relating to the Trichechidæ, in either sense. II. n. One of the Trichechida, in either sense. Trichechoidea (trik-e-koi’dē-ä), n. pl. [NL., < Trichechus + -oidea.] 1. Same as Manatoi- dea.-2. Same as Rosmaroidea. = Trichechus (trik ́e-kus), n. [NL., irreg. Gr. Opi (Tpx-), hair, + xew, have.] A Linnean genus of mammals, including the manatee and the walrus in unnatural association. Specifically (at) Restricted to the manatees, and giving name to the family Trichechida, 2: same as Manatus. (b) Restricted to the walruses, and made type of the family Trichechidæ, 1: same as Rosmarus and Odobænus. Also, incorrectly, Trichecus. tricheriet, n. A Middle English form of treachcry. Trichia (trik ́i-ä), n. [NL., Gr. Opič (TpIx-), hair.] 1. A genus of myxomycetous fungi, typical of the family Trichiacea. Haller.-2. [l. c.] A folding inward of the eyelashes; entropion. Also trichiasis.
Trichiacea Trichiaceæ (trik-i-ā ́sē-ē), n. pl. [NL. (Rosta- trichiasis (tri-kiʼa-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. τριχία- os, trichiasis, < Opič (Tpix-), hair.] In pathol.: (a) A disease of the kidneys or bladder, in which filamentous substances resembling hairs are passed in the urine. (b) A swelling of the breasts of women in childbed when the milk is excreted with difficulty. (c) Inversion of the eyelashes; entropion. Dunglison. Also trichidium (tri-kid'i-um), n.; pl. trichidia (-ä). [NL., Gr. Opis (Tpix-), hair, +dim. -idiov.] In bot., a tender simple or sometimes branched hair, which supports the spores of some fungoid plants, as Geastrum. Trichilia (tri-kil'i-ä), n. [NL. (Linnæus, 1763), <Gr. pixeiλos, three-lipped, <Tрεiç (Tρι-), three,+ xeitos, lip: prob. from the three-lobed stigma.] A genus of polypetalous plants, of the order Meliacea, type of the tribe Trichilicæ. It is char- acterized by flowers usually with four or five free valvate petals, erect exserted anthers, and a three-celled ovary, which becomes a loculicidal capsule in fruit. There are about 112 species, natives of tropical Africa and America. trichia. They are trees or shrubs with axillary panicles of numer ous rather large flowers. are alternate, odd-pinnate, and commonly pellucid-dotted. The leaflets are entire, and usually numerous, sometimes three, or only two, or very rarely replaced by an undivided leaf. The stamens are more or less monadelphous; in the 67 species of the section Moschoxylum, formerly separated as a distinct genus (Adrien de Jussieu, 1830), they are united nearly to the anthers; but in 43 others, the typical The ingestion of badly trichinised meat, insufficiently cooked, is followed after a few hours by symptoms of indi. gestion. Quain, Med. Dict., p. 1657. section Eutrichilia, they are not united above the middle. trichinoscope (tri-ki'nō-skōp), n. [< NL. Trichi The first group is ous tree with loose panicles of yellowish flowers, a native of Jamaica, where it is known as muskwood, incense-tree, and pameroon-bark tree. (Compare juribali.) To the typical group belongs T. emetica of Arabia and Africa, a large tree with densely panicled whitish flowers. (See roka, elcaja, and mafurra-tree.) Several South American species are reputed purgatives, as T. cathartica and T. trifoliata. T. hirta is known as bastard ironwood and T. as white in T. Triniten- na + Gr. OKOTεiv, view.] An instrument for the sis, the maranjillo blanco of Trinidad and Guiana, a small
Trichilieæ (trik-i-li'e-ē), n. pl. [NL. (A. P. de Candolle, 1824), < Trichilia +-eæ.] A tribe of polypetalous plants, of the order Meliaceæ. It is characterized by monadelphous stamens, ovary-cells with only one or two ovules, and wingless seeds with thick cotyledons and without albumen. It includes 19 genera, of which Trichilia is the type. They are mostly trees or shrubs of tropical Asia, bearing pinnate leaves with entire leaflets.
Trichina (tri-kī'nä), n. [NL. (Owen, 1835), < worm, which in the larval state is occasionally found encysted in large num- bers in the muscular tis- sue of man and certain lower animals. In the adult state it may inhabit the intestinal tract of the same animal. It is the cause of trichinosis. The adult male is 1.5 milli- meters, the female from 3 to 4 millimeters long. The female gives birth to im- mense numbers of em- bryos, about one tenth of a millimeter long. These pierce the walls of the in- testine, and either enter the peritoneal cavity and thence find their way into the various muscles, or else enter blood-vessels and are carried passively by the blood-current into remote parts of the body. Ha reached the mus- cular tissue, they at first travel a short distance be- tween the fibers, then pierce the sarcolemma of some one fiber and enter its substance. When they have arrived at a certain maturity, and are from .6 to 1 millimeter long,they coil themselves up in the form of a spiral and become inclosed in elon- gated or lemon-shaped cysts about 4 millimeters
6468 · · long, the cyst rarely containing more than one worm. 2. [l. c.; pl. trichina (-nē), sometimes trichinas (-näz).] A worm of this genus. trichiniasis (trik-i-nï'a-sis), n. [NL., Tri- china-iasis.] Same as trichinosis. Trichinidæ (trī-kinʼi-dē), n. pl. [NL., Trichi na + -idæ.] A family of nematoid worms, of which the genus Trichina is the type. trichiniferous (trik-i-nif'e-rus), a. [< NL. Trichina L. ferre E. bear1.] Containing trichinæ, as muscular or other tissue. trichinization (trik′′i-ni-zā ́shọn), n. [< trich- inize+-ation.] Infection with trichina; the state of being trichinized; trichinosis. It is sometimes practised upon animals for the purpose of studying the parasite or the disease. Also spelled trich- inisation. Trichite sheaves form in some sponges a dense accumulation within the cortex. Encyc. Brit., XXII. 418. trichitic (trī-kit'ik), a. [< trichite +-ic.] 1. Finely fibrous or fibrillar, as a trichite; of or pertaining to trichites.-2. In lithol., having the character of or containing trichites. Trichiuridæ (trik-i-ū ́ri-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Trichiurus + -idæ.] A family of acanthopterygian teleost fishes, whose type genus is Trichiurus and whose limits vary. (a) In Günther's system, it covered fishes having the body elongate, the mouth deep = ly cleft, strong teeth, and the spinous and soft parts of the fins of nearly equal extent. It thus included the typical Trichiuridæ and others more like Scombridæ. (b) By later writers it has been restricted to forms having numerous small anal spines. See cut under Trichiurus. trichiuriform (trik-i-ūʼri-fôrm), a. [<NL. Trichiurus, q. v., + L. forma, form.] Having that form which is characteristic of the hairtails; trichinize (trik'i-nīz), v. t.; pret. and pp. trich- resembling or belonging to the Trichiuridæ. inized, ppr. trichinizing. [< NL. Trichina + trichiuroid (trik-i-ū'roid), a. [< NL. Trichiurus, -ize.] To infect with trichina; produce trich- V., + Gr. eidos, form.] Same as trichiuriinosis in. Also spelled trichinise. form.
Trichina spiralis, highly magni- fied. (female; d, male.) a, single cyst in which the worm is coiled (enlarged 35 times); b, human muscle long infected (inagnified); c, human muscle recently infected (magnified).
On examining trichinosed pork, the parasites are seen as
Trichocephalus "6 axis, forms within the scleroblast a sheaf of ex- twisted; also, one of these fibrille: as, fibrille or trichites," Sollas.—2. In lithol., one of various dark-colored (or even black) opaque microliths, having more or less of a curved and twisted form: frequently seen in thin sections of vitreous rocks, especially in obsidian. II. a. Same as trichitic.
trichinosis (trik-i-no'sis), n. [NL., Trichina ease. slight fever of varying intensity in the course of the dis- to four months. The mortality varies in different epi- demics, and has been as high as thirty per cent. The presence of encysted trichinæ in the muscles does not lead to permanent disability. Trichinosis of swine is of great economic and hygienic importance, and has received much attention. In order detect it, muscular fibers from the diaphragm, and from the intercostal, abdominal, laryngeal, and lingual muscles, are examined, because the worms are most abundant in these localities. Very small, slender strips are cut from these muscles parallel to the course of the fibers, crushed between two glass slides and examined under a microscope. Meat infected with trichi- næ is made harmless by thorough cooking. Many authori ties refer the source of trichinosis in swine to trichinized sis; trichinosed. covered to be trichinous. Two out of three hundred and thirty swine were disThe American, VI. 45. trichite (trī'kīt), n. and a. [< Gr. Opíš (7pix-), hair, ite2.] I. n. 1. A kind of flesh-spicule or microsclere of some sponges; a fibrillate spicule, in which the silica, instead of being deposited in concentric coatings around an
Trichiurus (trik-i-ūʼrus), n. [NL. (Linnæus, 1766), prop. Trichurus, ‹ Gr. Opi§ (тpɩx-), a hair, +oupá, a tail.] In ichth., the typical genus of Trichiuride; the hairtails: so called from the
Silvery Hairtail, or Cutlas-fish (Trichiurus lepturus). long filament in which the tail ends. The species are also called ribbon-fish. T. lepturus, the type species, is the silvery hairtail, or cutlasfish. trichloracetic (tri-klo-ra-set'ik), a. [<Gr. Tpεis (Tp-), three, + chlor(in) + acetic.] Used only in the following phrase.-Trichloracetic acid, acetic acid in which the three hydrogen atoms of the methyl radical are replaced by chlorin. The formula of acetic acid being CH3.CO2H, that of trichloracetic acid is CC13.CO2H. Trichloracetic acid is a crystalline solid, easily decomposed.
trichoblast (trik ́o-blast), n. [<Gr. Opíš (TPIX-), ẞpáy xia, gills.] A filamentous gill character- istic of most long-tailed ten-footed crustaceans, consisting of a stem beset with many cylindrical filaments, as distinguished from the lamellar gills, or phyllobranchiæ, of many other crusta- ceans. The developed arthrobranchiæ, pleurobranchiæ, and podobranchia of crawfishes are all of the trichobran- chial type.
The whole of the Macrurous Podophthalmia, excepting the genera Gebia and Callianassa, the Prawns, the Shrimps, and the Mysidæ, have trichobranchise.
[< Huxley, Proc. Zoöl. Soc., 1878, p. 777. [< trichobranchial (trik-o-brang ́ki-al), a. trichobranchia + al.] Thready or filamentous, as gills; of or pertaining to trichobranchiæ: as, a trichobranchial gill. Trichobranchiata (trik-o-brang-ki-ā′tä), n. pl. [NL.: see trichobranchia.] Those macrurous crustaceans which have trichobranchiæ. trichobranchiate (trik-o-brangʻki-āt), a. trichobranchia +-ate.] Having trichobranchise, as a crawfish. trichocarpous (trik-o-kär'pus), a. [< Gr. Opiš (Tpx-), a hair, + Kaprós, fruit.] In bot., having hairy fruit; hairy-fruited. Trichocephalidæ (trik "o-se-fal'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., Trichocephalus + -idæ.] A family of nematoid worms, typified by the genus Trichocephalus. Trichocephalus (trik-o-sef'a-lus), n. [NL. (Goeze, 1782), < Gr. Opi§ (Tpx-), a hair, ✈ KEpain, head.] 1. A genus of nematoid worms, typical of the family Trichocephalidæ. The bestknown species is T. dispar, found sometimes in the human intestine, 1 to 2 inches long, with the head and anterior part of the body filamentous. T. affinis is the cæcum-worm of sheep.
Trichocephalus 2. [1. c.] The detached hectocotylized third left arm of the male argonaut, deposited in the pallial cavity of the female, and regarded as a parasite by Delle Chiaje, who called it Trichocephalus acetabularis, making the word a pseudogeneric name. See cut under Argonautida. trichocladose (tri-kok'la-dos), a. [Gr. pixa, in three (rpeis (Tpl-), three), + kλádos, branch.] Trifid or trichotomous, as the cladi or branches of a cladome. See triæne. Sollas. Trichocladus (tri-kok'la-dus), n. [NL. (Persoon, 1807), so called with ref. to the woolly branches, < Gr. θρίξ (τριχ-), hair, + κλάδος, branch.] 1. A genus of polypetalous shrubs, of the order Hamamelideæ, distinguished from the type genus Hamamelis by mucronate anthers, and flowers with the parts in fives. The 2 species are natives of South Africa. They are evergreen shrubs with opposite or alternate entire leaves, and white flowers densely aggregated into small terminal heads, bearing long narrow petals with revolute margins, the pistillate flowers apetalous. T. ellipticus is remarkable for the reddish wool clothing the under surface of the leaves; and T. crinitus, the hairbranch-tree, for its branchlets and petioles, which are hirsute with blackish hairs.
2. [l. c.] In zool., a trichocladose sponge-spicule.
trichoclasia (trik-o-kla'si-ä), n. [< Gr. Opiğ (TPX-), hair, + Khaois, a fracture.] A brittle condition of the hair. Also trichoclasis. trichocryptosis (trik"o-krip-to'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. Opis (pix-), hair, + KрUTTÓç, hidden, +-osis.] Inflammation of the hair-follicles.
trichocyst (trik'o-sist), n. [< Gr. Opis (Tpx-), hair,+KUOTIS, bladder: see cyst.] A hair-cell; one of the minute rod-like or hair-like bodies developed in the subcuticular layer of many infusorians: so named by G. J. Allman in 1855. They represent or resemble the cnidee or thread
6469 or red colors. One set of species has a short broad tail; cella and Coriphilus (see cut under domicella); but the most characteristic representatives are wedge-tailed. trichoglossine (trik-o-glos'in), a. Of or per- and Horsfield, 1826), Gr. Opis (rpix-), hair, + y2wooa, tongue.] The leading genus of Tricho- glossinæ, used with varying limits; the lories most properly so called. All are brush-tongued and wedge-tailed; they are of moderate or small size, and
Swainson's Lory (Trichoglossus nova-hollandia). chiefly green and red. The genus in a usual acceptation wood, 1833), < Opis (TPX-), hair, papua, a writing.] A curious genus of hymenopterous
cells of cœlenterates. trichocystic (trik-o-sis'tik), a. [< trichocyst + -ic.] Pertaining to or having the character of trichocysts: as, a trichocystic formation. Trichoda (tri-kō'da), n. [NL., < Gr. Tpixions, contr. of Tpixoεions, like a hair, <Opíš (τptx-), hair, +cidos, form.] A genus of ciliate infusorians, established by O. F. Müller in 1786, giving name to the former family Trichodida (or Trichodina). Many animalcules have been referred to this genus which are now excluded from it. It is now placed in the family Ophryoglenidæ, and retained for such species as T. carnium, found in putrid infusions, and T. pirum, of pondwater. These closely resemble forms of Enchelys, but have a minute vibratile membrane inclosed in the oral fossa. They are free-swimming, elastic, but of somewhat persistent ovate or pyriform figure, with the mouth at the obliquely truncated anterior end, approached by an oval parasites, of the family Chalcidida, and typical peristome; the general cuticular surface is finely ciliated throughout, and a circlet of longer cilia surrounds the oral fossa. of the subfamily Trichogramminæ. One rare spe- insects. (Förster, 1856). See cut under Trichogramma. trichogyne (trik'o-jin), n. [NL., < Gr. Opis (TX), hair, + yový, a female.] In bot., a long thin hair-like sac springing from the tricho- phoric part of the procarp of certain crypto- gams, and serving as a receptive organ of re- Trichodectes (trik-o-dek'tēz), n. [NL. after Steller), <Gr. Opis (pix-), hair, + odour (odovT-) = E. tooth.] The typical genus of the family Trichodontidæ. T. stelleri, the sand-fish, is found in Alaska and south to California. See cut under sand-fish. Trichodontidæ (trik-o-don'ti-de), n. pl. [NL., <Trichodon(t) + -ida.] A family of acan- thopterygian fishes, typified by the genus Tri- chodon; the sand-fishes. trichodontoid (trik-ō-don'toid), n. and a. I. n. A fish of the family Trichodontidæ. II. a. Of, or having characters of, the Tricho-production. See procarp, Floridex. dontidæ. trichogynic (trik-o-jin'ik), a. trichogyne trichogen (trik'o-jen), n. [< Gr. Opis (pix-),+ -ic.] In bot., of or pertaining to the tricho- hair, -yens, producing: see -gen.] A sub-gyne. stance or preparation used for promoting the growth of the hair. trichogenous (tri-koj'e-nus), a. [As trichogen +-ous.] Encouraging the growth of hair. Trichoglossidæ (trik-o-glos'i-de), n. pl. [NL., < Trichoglossus + -idæ.] The Trichoglossinæ ranked as a family. Trichoglossina (trik"o-glo-si'nē), n. pl. [NL., <Trichoglossus +-inæ.] A subfamily of Psit- tacidæ, typified by the genus Trichoglossus, and inexactly synonymous with Loriinæ, or includ- ing the latter; the brush-tongued parrakeets, among the small parrots called lories and lori- keets. With the exception of the genus Coryllis or Lo- riculus (usually put here, but probably belonging else- where), these parrakeets have the tongue brushy, beset with papille or filaments, and used for licking the nectar of flowers and the soft pulp of fruits. There are more than SO species, characteristic the Australian regions and Polynesia, but also extending into the Malay countries. They are among the smaller parrots, and of chiefly green
d Trichogramma minuta. a, fly with wings folded; b, front wing; c, hind wing; d, leg; e, antenna. (All enlarged.)
pixhoyia, rpixonoуeiv, pluck hairs (as a symp- trichologia (trik-o-lōʻji-ä), n. [NL., < Gr. as if tom), Opis (Tpix-), hair, + Aéyev, gather, pick.] Carphologia. hair, +-hoyia, heye, speak: see -ology.] The trichology (tri-kol'ō-ji), n. [< Gr. Opis (Tpix-), science treating of the anatomy, diseases, func- tion, etc., of the hair. tri na (tri-kōʻmä), n. [NL., < Gr. Tpixwua, a growth of hair, <rpixouv, furnish or cover with hair, < Opis (Tpx-), hair.] 1. In pathol., an af- fection of the hair, otherwise called plica.-2. In bot., one of the cellular filaments which form the substance of a suborder of algae, the Nosto- chineæ. Farlow, Marine Algae, p. 11. Trichomanes (tri-kom'a-nez), n. [NL. (Tourne- fort, 1700), < Gr. 7pxouavés, a kind of fern (cf. pixouavia, a passion for long hair, Toxouaveiv, have a passion for long hair), < Opis (Tpx-), hair, +uaiveolai, be mad. Cf. the E. names bristle-fern
Trichonotus and maidenhair.] A large genus of hymenophyllaceous ferns, having the sori marginal, terminating a vein, and more or less sunken in the frond. The sporangia are sessile on the lower part of a cylindrical, filiform, usually elongated receptacle, and
Bristle-fern (Trichomanes radicans).
the indusia are tubular or funnel-shaped, and entire or two-lipped at the mouth. About 100 species are known, natives of tropical and temperate countries, including two in the southern United States. All are popularly called bristle-ferns. See bristle-fern, and cut (e) under sorus. trichomaphyte (tri-kom'a-fit), n. [<Gr. pixwua, a growth of hair (see trichoma), + puτóv, a plant.] A cryptogamic growth which was formerly thought to be the cause of trichoma. trichomatose (tri-kom'a-tos), a. [< trichoma(t-) +-osc.] Matted or agglutinated together; affected with trichoma: said of hair. trichome (trī'kōm), n. [< NL. trichoma, q. v.] An outgrowth from the epidermis of plants, as a hair, scale, bristle, or prickle. These may be very various in form and function, but morphologically they have a common origin. Trichomonadide (trik"o-mo-nad'i-de), n. pl. A [NL., Trichomonas (-monad-) + -idæ.] family of flagellate infusorians, characterized by the tapering form posteriorly, and the development of several flagella and bodies like trichocysts at the anterior extremity. Trichomonas (tri-kom'o-nas), n. [NL. (Ehrenberg, 1838), < Gr. Opič (Tpx-), hair, + μovás, single.] The typical genus of Trichomonadida. T. melolonthæ infests the cockchafer. T. vaginalis is found in the secretions of the human vagina. trichomycosis (trik"o-mi-kō'sis), n. Gr. Opis (Tpix-), hair, + pikns, fungus, +-osis.] [NL., < Same as tincal.
fishes: Trichomycteride (trik"o-mik-ter'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., Trichomycterus +-inæ. A subfamily of trichomycteroid fishes, with the dorsal fin posterior, and behind the ventrals when the lat- ter are present. It includes most species of the family. Also Trichomycterina and Pygidiinæ. trichomycterine (trik-o-mik'te-rin), a. and n. I. a. Of, or having characters of, the Tricho- mycterinæ. II. n. A fish of the subfamily Trichomycte- rinæ. trichomycteroid (trik-o-mik'te-roid), a. and n. mycterida. I. a. Of, or having characters of, the Tricho- II. n. A fish of the family Trichomycterida. [NL. Trichomycterus (trik"o-mik-te'rus), n. (px-), hair, + μUKTP, nostril.] Same as Pygi(Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1846), Gr. Opis dium, 2. Trichonotida (trik-o-not'i-de), n. pl. [NL., < Trichonotus + ida A family of acanthopterygian fishes, represented by the genus Trichonotus. trichonotoid (trik-o-nō'toid), a. and n. I. a. Of or relating to the Trichonotida. II. n. A fish of the family Trichonotida. Trichonotus (trik-o-no'tus), n. [NL. (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), <Gr. Opis (Tpix-), hair, + vāros, back.] 1. In ichth., the typical genus of Trichonotida: so called from the long filamentous anterior dorsal ray of T. setigerus, the original species. The body is long and subcylindrical, with
Trichonotus cycloid scales of moderate size; the eyes look upward; the teeth are in villiform bands on the jaws; the long dorsal fin is spineless; the anal is also long; the ventrals are jugular, with one spine and five rays; and the caudal verte. bræ are very numerous. 2. In entom., a generic name which has been (Tpx-), hair, +-πaðíα, < ráðos, suffering.] Treat- ment of diseases of the hair. Trichophocina (trik”ō-fō-si'nē), n. pl. [NL., trichophocine (trik-o-fō'sin), a. Pertaining to the Trichophocinæ, or having their characters. [< Gr. θρίξ (τριχ-), trichophore (trik'ō-fōr), n. hair, +-popos, pépeiv = E. bear1.] 1. In bot., the special cell or chain of cells in certain al- ga which bears the trichogyne. See Florideæ. Bennett and Murray, Cryptog. Bot., p. 199.—2. In zool., a process of the integument of certain annelids, as Polychata, within which are de- veloped the peculiar chitinous sete of the para- podia, and which incloses the bases of the pen- cil-like bundles of setæ (whence the name). See cut under pygidium. trichophoric (trik-o-forʻik), a. [< trichophore + -ic.] In bot.: (a) Of or pertaining to the trichophore: as, the trichophoric apparatus. (b) Of the nature of a trichophore: as, the tricho- phoric part of the procarp of certain crypto- gams. trichophorous (trī-kof'ō-rus), a. [As tricophore + -ous.] In zool., bearing hairs or hair-like parts, as sete; of the nature of a trichophore. Trichophyton (tri-kof'i-ton), n. [NL., Gr. Opis (Tpx-), hair, + puróv, a plant.] A genus of minute saprolegnious fungi, parasitic on the skin of man, where they grow luxuriantly in and beneath the epidermis, in the hair-follicles, etc. T. tonsurans produces the skin-disease known as tinea or ringworm. See dermatophyte, tinea1. Trichoplax (trik ́ō-plaks), n. [NL., < Gr. Opig (Tpx-), hair, λás, a plate.] A supposed generic type of animal, of wholly undetermined affinities, so called from the ciliated plate-like surface. The species is T. adherens. trichopter (trī-kop'tèr), n. [< Trichoptera, q. v.] A member of the Trichoptera; a caddis-fly. Trichoptera (tri-kop'te-rä), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. of trichopterus: see trichopterous.] A subor- dinal group of neuropterous insects, the caddis- flies: so called because the wings are generally hairy to an extent not found in other Neurop- under caddis-worm. tera. The posterior wings are folded in rest; the mandibles are rudimentary. The group is approximately the same as Phryganeida, being composed of the families Phryganeidae, Limnophilidæ, and sundry others. See cut trichopteran (tri-kop'te-ran), a. and n. [< choptera +-an.] I. a. Same as trichopterous. II. n. A member of the Trichoptera; any caddis-fly or phryganeid. trichopterous (tri-kop'te-rus), a. [< NL. trichopterus, hairy-winged, Gr. Opis (rpx-), hair, +TTEPOV, wing.] Belonging to the Trichoptera. trichopterygid (trik-op-ter'i-jid), a. and n. I. a. Pertaining to the Trichopterygidæ; relating to or resembling a trichopterygid. II. n. A beetle of the family Trichopterygidæ. Trichopterygidæ (tri-kop-te-rij'i-dē), n. pl. [NL. (Burmeister, 1845), Trichopteryx +-idæ.] A family of clavicorn beetles, including the smallest beetles known. The antennæ are verticillate with long hairs, and the wings are fringed with hair. A few species are apterous. The larvae are active and carnivorous; some of them feed on podurans. Some are myrmecophilous; others live under bark. In the genera Aderces, Astatopteryx, and Neuglenes the phenomenon of alternate generation has been noticed, a blind apterous generation alternating with one in which the individuals have eyes and wings. About 150 species are known, of which about 60 inhabit the United States. disease of the hair. trichosyphilis (trik-o-sif'i-lis), n. [NL., Gr. Trichopteryx (tri-kop'te-riks), n. [NL. (Hüb- Opis (pix-), hair, + NL. syphilis.] A syphilitic ner, 1816), Gr. Opis (Tpix-), hair,+TTEрus, wing.] 1. A genus of geometrid moths.-2. A genus of clavicorn beetles, typical of the family Trichopterygidæ. Kirby, 1826. They have the antenne elongate, eleven-jointed, the prothorax not constricted behind, the abdomen with six ventral segments, the hind coxa distant, and the mesosternum carinate. The species are found on dung and vegetable debris. Over 60 species are known, and the genus is represented in Europe, Asia, and North and South America.
6470 string: see cord1, chord.] I. n. In music, any instrument with three strings, especially the three-stringed lute. II. a. Having three strings; characterized by three strings.-Trichord pianoforte, a pianoforte in which most of the digitals have each three strings tuned in unison.
trichort, n. A Middle English form of treacher. trichord (tri'kôrd), n. and a. [ Gr. Tpixopdos, having three strings, τρεῖς (τρι-), three, + χορδή,
trichorexis (trik-o-rek'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. Opis (TPX-), hair, pñs, a breaking, pnyvival, Brittleness of the hair.-Trichorexis break.] nodosa, a disease of the hair characterized by brittleness and the formation of swellings on the shaft. [NL., < Gr. Opig (Tpx-), hair, + poía, a flowing, trichorrhea, trichorrhoea (trik-o-rē ́ä), n. peiv, flow.] Falling of the hair; alopecia. Trichosanthes (trik-o-san'thez), n. [NL. (Linnæus, 1737), named from the fringed petals; < Gr. Opis (Tpix-), hair, +ăv0os, flower.] A genus of plants, of the order Cucurbitaceæ and tribe Cucumerineæ. It is characterized by entire calyx-lobes, a five-parted wheel-shaped fringed corolla, conduplicate anther-cells, and numerous polymorphous seeds. There are about 42 species, natives of tropical Asia, northern Australia, and Polynesia. They are annual or perennial climbers, sometimes with a tuberous root, bearing entire or lobed and cordate leaves and unbranched or forking tendrils. The flowers are white and monoecious - the male racemed, the female solitary-and followed by a oblong, or conical, sometimes elongated, slender, striped, fleshy smooth or furrowed fruit, often large and globose, and serpent-like. T. anguina and T. colubrina are known as snake-gourd or viper-gourd, also as snake-cucumber (which see, under cucumber).
trichoschisis (trik-os-ki'sis), n. [NL., Gr. Opis (Tpix-), hair, +oxious, a cleaving, oxiew, cleave: see schism.] Splitting of the hair. Trichoscolices (trik"o-skō-li'sēz), n. pl. [NL., < Gr. Opi§ (īpix-), hair, + okwang, a worm.] A superordinal division, proposed in 1877 by Huxley to be established to include the Trematoda, Cestoidea, Turbellaria, and Rotifera, in order to discriminate the morphological type which they exemplify from that of the Nematoscolices, containing the Nematoidea. See Nematoscolices. trichosis (trī-kō'sis), n. [NL., Gr. Opis (pix-), hair, +-osis.] Any disease of the hair: same as plica, 1. Trichosomata (trik-o-so'ma-tä), n. pl. [NL. (Diesing), Gr. Opis (rpex-), hair, +Gua(-), the body.] The Peridinidæ and allied infusorians, corresponding to the Choanoflagellata of H. J. Clark and W. S. Kent. trichosomatous (trik-o-som'a-tus), a. Pertain ing to the Trichosomata, or having their characters; having the body flagellate, as an infuso rian.
trichosporange (trik-o-spō'ranj), n. [NL. trichosporangium, q. v.] In bot., same as trichosporangium. trichosporangium (trik"o-spō-ran'ji-um), n.; pl. trichosporangia (-). [NL. (Thuret), Gr. Opis (pix-), hair, + NL. sporangium, q. v.] In bot., the plurilocular sporangium, or zoosporangium, of the fucoid algæ, consisting of an aggregation of small cells, each one of which conTri-tains a single zoospore. Compare oosporangium. trichospore (trik'o-spor), n. [<Gr. Opis (Tpix-), hair,+Gлорά, seed: see spore2] In bot., one of the peculiar spores of the Hyphomycetes: same, or nearly the same, as conidium. Trichostema (trik-ō-stēmā), n. [NL. (Linnæus, 1763), named from the capillary filaments; Gr. Opis (Tpx-), hair, + ornμa, stamen.] A genus of gamopetalous plants, of the order Labiatæ and tribe Ajugoideæ. It is characterized by the four long-exserted stamens with divaricate anther all natives of North America. They are clammy glandular cells, and by the deeply lobed ovary. The 8 species are herbs with a strong balsamic odor. They bear entire leaves, and axillary whorls of numerous mostly blue flowers, the corolla with a slender tube and nearly equally five-toothed spreading border, from which the conspicuous arching stamens project, suggesting the popular name blue-curls (which see). The species of the eastern United States have a very strongly two-lipped and depressed calyx, and loose flower-clusters, as T. dichotomum, the bastard pennyroyal. The western have the calyx normal and the flower-clusters dense. T. lanatum, with a striking purplewoolly spike, is known in California as black sage.
trichosyphilosis (trik-o-sif-i-lō'sis), n. [NL., as trichosyphilis +-osis.] Same as trichosyphilis. trichothallic (trik-o-thal'ik), a. [ Gr. θρίξ (Tpx-), hair, + Oaîñós, a green shoot: see thallus.] In bot., having a filamentous or hair-like thallus, as certain algae. trichotomic (trik-o-tom'ik), n. Pertaining to trichotomy; influenced by or practising trichotomy. trichotomous (tri-kot'o-mus), a. [< Gr. τρίχα, in three, + -τόμος, < τέμνειν, ταμεῖν, eut.] Di
trick vided into three parts, or divided by threes; branching or giving off shoots by threes; trifurcate; also, dividing a genus into three species.
trichotomously (tri-kot'o-mus-li), adv. In a trichotomous manner; in three parts. trichotomy (trī-kot'ō-mi), n. [ Gr. pixa, in three, +ropía, < Téμvei, Taμeiv, cut.] Division into three parts; specifically, in theol., division of human nature into body (soma), soul (psyche), and spirit (pneuma).
His [Aristotle's] trichotomy into hypotheses, definitions, and axioms. Barrow, Math. Lects., viii. three (< Tpεis (TPI-), three), + rpíawa, a trident: trichotriæne (trik-ō-trī ́ēn), n. [< Gr. pixa, in see triæne.] Of sponge-spicules, a trichotomous triæne; a cladose rhabdus the three cladi of which trifurcate. See triæne. Sollas. trichroic (trī-krōʻik), a. [< Gr. τρίχροος, τρίxpovs, also τpixpws, three-colored (< Tрεis (TPI-), three, + xpóa, xpus, color), +-ic.] Possessing the property of trichroism. E. W. Streeter, cious Stones, p. 167. trichroism (trī ́krō-izm), n. [< trichro-ic + -ism.] The property possessed by some crysferent directions when viewed by transmitted tals of exhibiting different colors in three diflight. It is due to the different degrees of absorption in the three directions. The more general term pleochroism is often employed. Pre trichromatic (tri-kro-matʼik), a. [< Gr. 7p1xpwMatos, three-colored: see trichromic.] Characterized by three colors; in a specific sense, having the three fundamental color-sensations of red, green, and purple, as the normal eye, in distinction from a color-blind eye, which can perceive only two of the fundamental colors. trichromic (trī-krō'mik), a. [< Gr. τρεῖς (τρι-), three, + xpua, color.] Pertaining to three colors; trichromatic. trichronous (trīʼkrō-nus), a. [< Gr. τpixpovos, of three times or measures, < rpeis (rpi-), three, + xpóvos, time.] In anc. pros., consisting of or containing three times or more; trisemic. trichurt, n. A Middle English form of treacher. tricing-line (tri'sing-lin), n. Naut., a line used to trice up any object, either to stow it or to get it out of the way. tricinium (tri-sin'i-um), n. [LL.,<L. tres (tri-), three, + canere, sing.] musical composition for three voices; a trio. tricipital (tri-síp'i-tal), a. [< L. triceps (tricipit-), three-headed (see triceps), + -al.] In anat., three-headed; having three origins: as, a tricipital muscle. See triceps. tricircular (trī-sėrʼkụ-lär), a. Referring to three circles. Tricircular coordinates, homogeneous point-coördinates for a plane, each of which is equal to the power of the point relatively to a fixed coördinate circle divided by the radius of the circle. A linear equation in such coordinates expresses a circle orthogonal to the "radical circle" which is orthogonal to the three coördinate circles; a quadric equation expresses a bicircular quartic; etc. Tricircular geometry, geometry treated by means of tricircular coordinates. [(a) Prob. an altered form, trick1 (trik), v. reverting to the orig. unassibilated form, of trich (mod. E. prop. spelled *tritch), < ME. trichen, tricchen (also perhaps unassibilated *tricken), OF. tricher, trichier, trechier (also perhaps unassibilated *triquer, *tricquer), deceive, trick (cf. Pr. tric, deceit), = It. treccare, cheat, < L. tricari, ML. also tricare, trifle, act deceitfully, trice, trifles, toys (see trich, treacher, toy'); (b) the word, as a noun, being appar. treachery; cf. trick1, n., in the sense of 'trifle, influenced by, if not in part derived from, MD. treck, D. trek, a trick (een slimme trek, a cunning trick, jemand eenen trek speelen, play one a trick, etc.), a word not having the orig. meaning of 'trick' or 'deceit,' but a particular use of MD. treck, D. trek, a pull, draft, tug, line, <MD. trecken, D. trekken, draw: see tricks, and cf. track1. Cf. F. trigaud, crafty, artful, cunning, trigauderie, a sly trick. The words spelled trick have been confused in popular apprehension and in the dictionaries, and the senses are entangled. See trick2, trick3, trick4.] I. trans. 1. To deceive by trickery; cozen; cheat.
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The muses forbid that I should restrain your meddling, whom I see already busy with the title and tricking over the leaves. B. Jonson, Catiline, To the Reader. trick1 (trik), n. [< trick1, v.; prob. in part < MD. treck, D. trek, a trick, a pull, draft, etc.: see trick1, v., and cf. track1.] 1. A crafty or fraudulent device; a deceitful expedient; an artifice; a stratagem.
There is some trick in this, and you must know it, And be an agent too.
Congreve, Old Batchelor, i. 4. 3. A roguish or mischievous performance; a prank; a practical joke; a hoax.
If I be served such another trick, I'll have my brains ta'en out and buttered, and give them to a dog for a newyear's gift. Shak., M. W. of W., iii. 5. 7.
To serve one a trick. See servel.-Tricks of the trade, Fletcher, Humorous Lieutenant, iv. 2. 6 before to cousin the Diuell. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 213. But you see they haue some trickes to cousin God, as trick2 (trik), v. t. [Prob. another use of trick), gear.] To dress; trim; deck; prank; specifi- cally, to arrange, dress, or decorate, especially in a fanciful way, as the person or the hair: of- ten followed by out or up. He can do tricks with his toes, wind silk and thread pearl with them. B. Jonson, Pan's Anniversary. Entertain any puppy that comes, like a tumbler, with the same tricks over and over.
To play a trick and make some one or other look foolish was held the most pointed form of wit throughout the back regions of the manor. George Eliot, Felix Holt, xii. 4. A foolish, vicious, or disgraceful act: with disparaging or contemptuous force.
Didst thou ever see me do such a trick? a kind of a mongrel cur's trick. I hope you don't mean to forsake it; that will be but Congreve, Old Batchelor, iv. 5. 5. A peculiar art; skill; adroitness; knack. Here's fine revolution, an we had the trick to see't. Shak., Hamlet, v. 1. 99. In a little while the trick of walking on the edge of the water close to the side wall had been learned. The Century, XXXIX. 220. 6. A peculiar trait, manner, habit, or practice;
In you a wildness is a noble trick, And cherish'd in ye, and all men must love it. Fletcher and Rowley, Maid in the Mill, iii. 2. What shall I say of the manifold and strange fashions of the garments that are used now-a-days? . Sometime we follow the fashion of the Frenchmen. Another time we will have a trick of the Spaniards. Becon, Early Writings (ed. Parker Soc.), p. 204. Of talking (in public) as if we were old. We've a trick, we young fellows, you may have been told, O. W. Holmes, The Boys. 7. A trace; a suggestion; a reminder. He hath a trick of Coeur-de-lion's face. Shak., K. John, i. 1. 85. 8. Something pretended or unreal; a blance; an illusion. sem Truth itself is in her head as dull A trick upon the canvas, painted flame.
Cowper, Conversation, 1. 782.
6471 on which the winning or losing of the game depends. A
Why, 'tis a cockle or a walnut-shell, A knack, a toy, a trick, a baby's cap. Shak., T. of the S., iv. 3. 67. The women of this countrey weare aboue an hundreth tricks and trifles about them. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 64. Camp tricks should be kept in their places, not thrown helter skelter, or left lying where last used. Sportsman's Gazetteer, p. 640. Vainly the mother tried to hush the child; the prisoner called out, "Gimme the little trick, Sis; she jes wants to get tuh me.' The Century, XL. 219. 10. In card-playing, the cards collectively which are played in one round. In whist and many other card-games the number of tricks taken makes up the score "
Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! we were rank'd with coats as long as old master lived. Middleton, Massinger, and Rowley, Old Law, iii. 1. Hoyle, Twenty-four Rules for Beginners, xii. R. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 29.
12. Awatch. Tuft's Glossary of Thieves' Jargon
Nay, by God, soft; I know a trick worth two of that, i' faith. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 1. 41. Hear what he says of you, sir? Clive, best be off to bed, my boy-ho, ho! No, no. We know a trick worth two of that. Thackeray, Newcomes, i.
For he [Cato] found not his Country . utterly de- North, tr. of Plutarch, p. 624. The Canari put their wiues to the drudgery abroad, whiles themselues spin, weaue, tricke vp themselues, and performe other womanish functions at home. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 885.
They are blazoned there; there they are tricked, they and their pedigrees. B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1. (b) Especially, to draw in black and white only,
This seal was exhibited to the Heralds at their Visita-
In two bows that I have, . . . the one is quick of cast, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. 1864), p. 14. But tell me, wench, hast done 't so trick indeed That heaven itself may wonder at the deed? Peele, Arraignment of Paris, i. 3.
trick-dagger (trik'dag"ėr), n. A dagger the
trickly The nomination-day was a great epoch of successful trickery, or, to speak in a more Parliamentary manner, of war stratagem, on the part of skilful agents. George Eliot, Felix Holt; xxx. In a tricky manner;
ster. tricker2t, n. An obsolete form of trigger.- Ass., XI. 255. trigger or tricker. See tricker-lock. Jour. Brit. Archeol. tricker-lock (trik'èr-lok), n. A gun-lock arranged with a tricker or trigger of any descriplocks were in use in the seventeenth century. tion. Match-tricker locks and wheel-tricker trickery (trik'èr-i), n. [< trick1-eryl. Cf. treachery (ME. tricherie, < OF. tricherie, etc.).] The practice of tricks or deceits; artifice; imposture.
trickily (trik'i-li), adv. trickishly. The quality of being trickiness (trik'i-nes), n. tricky or trickish; trickishness. The right of the blind to ask charity lapses if it becomes a mere business and with all the trickiness by which a street business is sometimes characterised.
Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, I. 396. tricking1 (trik'ing), p. a. [Ppr. of trick1, v.] Practising or playing tricks; tricky; deceitful; artful.
Go get thee gone, and by thyself Devise some tricking game. Robin Hood and the Golden Arrow (Child's Ballads, V. 383). tricking2 (trik'ing), n. [Verbal n. of trick2, v.] Articles of outfit; appurtenances, especially ornamental trifles.
So loose and slippery and trickish way of reasoning. Bp. Atterbury, To Pope, March 26, 1721. The chimpanzee is extremely kind to children,showing no trickish or malicious temper, even endeavoring to amuse them, and induce them to play. Pop. Sci. Mo., XIII. 435. carry that fame. . They have their head trickt with tassels and flowers. Sandys, Travailes, p. 12. A country playhouse, some rude barn Tricked out for that proud use. Wordsworth, Prelude, vii. The state of be trick3 (trik), v. t. [< MD. trecken, D. trekken, pull, draw lines, delineate, sketch, OFries. trekka, tregga, North Fries. trecke, tracke LG. trekken MHG. trecken = Dan. trække, draw; a causal form of OHG. trehhan, MHG. trechen, pull, push, shove. From the same source are ult. E. track, and tricker, now trigger. Cf. also trek and trick. This verb seems to have been confused with trick2, deck; cf. trick- ment.] In her.: (a) To draw, as a bearing or a collection of bearings, or a whole escutcheon or achievement of arms. The word implies the rep- resentation graphically of armorial bearings in any sense, and should be used instead of blazon, which properly means to describe in words.
Arms verbally and technically described are blazoned; the verbal description is the blazon; if they are drawn in pen or pencil in monochrome, showing the lines of tincture, they are said to be "tricked"; such a drawing is a tricking; if they are given in gold and colours, they are illuminated or painted. N. and Q., 7th ser., V. 414. trickish (trik'ish), a. [< trick1 + -ish1.] Given to or characterized by trickery; deceitful; artful.
trickly An other young man feactely and trickely representing a certaine .. playe. · Udall, tr. of Apophthegmes of Erasmus, p. 121.
trickly2 (trikʼli), a. [< trickle + -y1.] Trickling. [Colloq.] Her boots no longer rattle, nor do cold and trickly rills race down the nape of her neck. R. Broughton, Joan, ii. 10. trickmaker (trik'mā"kėr), n. A person who or a card which makes or takes a trick, as in whist; specifically, a card of such rank or value as be counted on to take a trick. G. W. Pettes, American Whist, pp. 42, 50. trickment+ (trikʼment), n. [< trick3 + -ment.] Heraldic emblazonry; decoration.
Here's a new tomb, new trickments too. Fletcher, Mad Lover, v. 4. trick-scene (trik ́ṣen), n. Theat., a scene in tricksiness (trik'si-nes), n. The state or char- acter of being tricksy. Also trickseyness.
I'll tell you a Story not much unlike yours, not to go off from Lewis, who us'd to take a Pleasure in tricking Tricksters. N. Bailey, tr. of Colloquies of Erasmus, I. 434. trickster (trik ́stėr), v. i. [< trickster, n.] To play tricks. [Rare.] I like not this lady's tampering and trickstering with this same Edmund Tressilian. Scott, Kenilworth, xxxvi. trick-sword (trik'sōrd), n. A sword made to divide in the middle of the blade. tricksy (trik'si), a. [Also tricksey; < trick1 +-sy, equiv. to -y1.] 1. Trickish; cunning; adroit; artful; crafty.
6472 Pertaining to a triclinium, or to the ancient rhombohedron.
Tho' ye was trickie, slee, and funny, Ye ne'er was donsie. Burns, Farmer's Salutation to his Auld Mare. Tricky ale-yard. See ale-yard, 2. =Syn. Artful, Sly, etc. See cunning1. Triclada (trik'la-dä), n. pl. [NL., < Gr. TPI-, three, kádos, a young shoot.] An order of dendrocœlous turbellarians or planarians: dis- tinguished from Polyclada. triclinate (trik'li-nat), a. [< Gr. Tpl-, three, + Kλive, bend, +-ate1.] Same as triclinic. Imp. Dict.
triclinium (trī-klin'i-um), n. [L. triclinium, Gr. Tpikhiviov, also Tρíkλvos, a dining-room with three couches, < Tpikhevos, with three couches, < Tpεis (Tpl-), three,+ khívη, a couch: see clinic.] Among the Romans, the dining-room where guests were received, furnished with three couches, which occupied three sides of the din- couches, which also received the name of triclinium, the
triclinohedric (tri-kli-nō-hedʼrik), a. [< Gr. pikavos, with three couches (see triclinium), + tricoccous (tri-kok'us), a. [< Gr. TρiKOKKOS, with Edpa, a seat, side.] Same as triclinic.three grains or berries, Tpεiç (Tpl-), three, + KÓKKOÇ, a berry.] In bot., having or consisting of three cocci or carpels. tricolic (tri-kol'ik), a. tricolon + -ic.] In anc. pros. and rhet., consisting of three cola. tricolon (tri-kōʻlon), n.; pl. tricola (-lä). [NL., Gr. pikwhos, having three members, Tpeic (TP-), three, + kwλov, member.] In anc. pros. and rhet., a period consisting of three cola. tricolor, tricolour (tri'kul-or), a. and n. [< F. tricolore Sp. tricolor (cf. Pg. tricolorco), L. *tricolor, three-colored, tres (tri-), three, + color, color.] I. a. Three-colored; tricolored: in zoology correlated with bicolor and unicolor.
The Militia. added to the two colours of the Pari- My tricksy spirit! Shak., Tempest, v. 1. 226. I continued tricksy and cunning, and was poor without the consolation of being honest. Goldsmith, Vicar, xxvi. 2. Deceptive; fallacious; illusive; illusory. The tricksy thing [idea] .. comes and goes, my boy, revealing itself in glimpses which are neither clear enough D. C. Murray, Weaker Vessel, ii. 3. Playful; sportive; mischievous. Thou little tricksy Puck! With antic toys so funnily bestuck. We talk of II. n. A flag composed of three colors in large masses equal or nearly equal, as the national flags of Italy and Mexico; especially, the flag of France adopted during the Revolution, consisting of three equal parts-blue next the mast, red at the fly, and white between, or, in heraldic language, palewise of three pieces, azure, argent, and gules. The red and blue represented the colors of the city of Paris. the lilies and tricolor of France. Preble, Hist. Flag, p. 3. Hood, Parental Ode to my Son. tricolored, tricoloured (trī'kul-ord), a. [< tri4. Trim; dainty; neat; spruce. color-cd2.] Having three colors: as, a triTrincato [It.], . . . spruce, fine, neat, smug, feate, trickcolored flag.-Tricolored violet, the pansy. sie-trim. Florio (ed. 1611). tricolorous (tri-kul'or-us), a. [< tricolor Their little minim forms arrayed -ous.] Same as tricolor. In the tricksy pomp of fairy pride. Triconodon (trī-konʻō-don), n. [NL.: see triconodont.] A genus of mammals of the Purbeck beds in England, typical of the family Triconodontida. T. mordax is a species founded on a mandibular ramus about 14 inches long. triconodont (trī-kon'ō-dont), a. [< G1. τρις, three, + Kāvos, a cone, + ódous (odovt-) = tooth.] Having three conical cusps, as molars; having such molars, as mammals of the genus Triconodon and related forms. Triconodontidae (tri-kon-o-don'ti-dē), n. pl. [NL. (Marsh, 1887), < Triconodon(t-) + -idæ.] family of supposed marsupials of the Jurassic period, typified by the genus Triconodon. They have molars with three stout erect cusps each, and a strong internal cingulum, stout canines, and semiprotriconsonantal (tri-kon'sō-nan-tal), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + consonan(ï-)s, consonant, + -al.] Composed of or containing three consonants. J. R. Drake, Culprit Fay. trick-track (trik'trak), n. [Also tric-trac (also tick-tack), F. tric trac, trick-track, backgammon: see tick-tack.] A kind of backgammon, played with both pieces and pegs. trick-wig (trik'wig), n. A wig worn by actors, and so made that the locks of hair may be caused to stand on end at the will of the wearer. tricky (trik'i), a. [< trick1 + -y1.] 1. Given to tricks; knavish; artful; sharp; shifty: as, a tricky wind; a plausible and tricky fellow. Able men of high character, and not smart, tricky men. The Nation, XXXVI. 545. 2. Playful; roguish; mischievous. E. cumbent or erect incisors.
The triconsonantal has been evolved out of a biconso- The root of the Semitic verb is always triliteral, or rather ing three horns or horn-like processes, tres (tri-), three, cornu, horn.] I. a. Hav- tricliniary (trī-klin'i-ā-ri), a. [< L. triclinia- II. n. A hat with three points or horns; a ris, ‹ triclinium, a dining-room: see triclinium.] cocked hat having the brim folded upward triclinet, n. [ME. triclyne,< L. triclinium, a din- ing-room: see triclinium.] Same as triclinium. Half as high thy chambre and triclyne Thou make as it is mesure long in lyne. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 15.
tricuspidate against the crown on three sides, producing three angles; hence, by popular misapplication, has only two points: usually written as French, the hat worn by the French gendarmes, which tricorne. See cut 13 under hat. tricornered (tri-kôr nėrd), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + E. cornered.] Three-cornered. [Rare.]
D. G. Mitchell, Dream Life, Autumn. ripeness, and tip their tops with clustering tricornered The staggering stalks of the Buckwheat grow red with kernels. tricornigerous (trī-kôr-nij'e-rus), a. [< LL. tres (tri-), three, +cornu, horn, + gerere, bear.] tricorniger, bearing three horns or points, < L. Having three horns. tricornute (tri-kôr'nūt), a. three, + cornutus, horned: see cornute. [< L. tres (tri-), tricorn.] In entom., having three horn-like processes; tricornigerous. Westwood. tricornuted (tri-kôr'nü-ted), a. Cf. tricorporal (tri-kôr po-ral), a. +-cd2.] Same as tricornute. [< tricornute [< L. *tricorpo- ralis, tricorpor, having three bodies, < tres (tri-), three, corpus (corpor-), body: see cor- poral1.] In her., same as tricorporate. tricorporate (trī-kôr’pō-rāt), a. [<L. tricorpor, having three bodies, +-ate1.] In her., having three bodies with only one head common to the three: as, a lion
tricorporate. The head is usually in Lion Tricorporate. the center of field, and radiate, two toward the dexter and sinister chiefs, the third toward the base. tricorporated (tri-kôrʻpọ - rā ted), a. [< tricorporate +-ed2.] In her., same as tricorporate. tricostate (tri-kos'tāt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, costatus, ribbed: see costate.] 1. In bot., having three ribs from the base; threeribbed.-2. In zoöl., having three costæ or raised lines. tricot (trē'kō), n. [F., knitting, < tricoter, OF. tricoter, estricoter, knit, G. stricken, knit, strick, a cord, string.] 1. A fabric made of yarn or woolen thread, knitted by hand; also, a similar material made by machines in which the hand-knitting is imitated. Compare jersey. -2. A cloth used for women's garments. stitches of crochet: a simple stitch producing tricot-stitch (trē kō-stich), n. One of the way-stitch. a plain rectilinear pattern. Also called railtricotyledonous (tri-kot-i-lē'don-us), a. peis (Tpl-), three, + Korvλndwv, a hollow: see [<Gr. cotyledon. In bot., having three cotyledons
or seed-leaves. tricrotic (tri-krotʼik), a. [ Gr. TрikpоTos, with three strokes (see tricrotous), + -ic.] Having three beats: used with reference to the normal pulse-tracing.-Tricrotic pulse, a pulse showing three marked elevations on the descending limb of the curve traced from it.
tricrotism (trī'krō-tizm), n. [<tricrot(ic) + + crus (crur-), leg: see crural.] Having three branches or legs from a common center. tricrural line. The macrospores are marked on one hemisphere with a Le Maout and Decaisne, Botany (trans.), p. 915. tricuspid (trī-kus'pid), a. and n. [= F. tricus- tric-trac, n. See trick-track. pide, L. tricuspis (tricuspid-), having three points, tres (tri-), three, cuspis, point: see cusp.] I. a. Having three cusps or points: spe- cifically noting the valvular arrangement in the right ventricle of the heart, guarding the auric- uloventricular orifice, in distinction from the bicuspid (or mitral) valves in the left ventricle. This valve consists of three segments, or there are three valves, of a triangular or trapezoidal shape, each formed by a fold of the lining membrane of the heart, and strength- ened by a layer of fibrous tissue which may also contain contractile fibers. See cut II. under heart.-Tricuspid murmur, in pathol., a murmur heard in tricuspid valvular disease. Tricuspid teeth. See tooth.-Tricuspid val- vular disease, disease of the tricuspid valve. II. n. 1. A tricuspid valve of the heart.-2. A tricuspid tooth: correlated with bicuspid and multicuspid. tricuspidal (tri-kus'pi-dal), a. [< tricuspid + -al.] 1. Same as tricuspid.-2. Having three geometrical cusps. tricuspidate (tri-kus'pi-dāt), a. [<tricuspid + -atel. Three-pointed; ending in three points: as, a tricuspidate glume; tricuspidate teeth.
in front and one behind, or the reverse. Tricycles are made for one or two persons; in the latter case the riders sit either side by side or one before the other. Compare bicycle. tricycle (tri'si-kl), v. i.; pret. and pp. tricycled, ppr. tricycling. [< tricycle, n.] To ride on a tricycle. [Recent.]
I have heard the uninitiated say that tricycling must be so easy, just like working the velocipedes of our childhood. J. and E. R. Pennell, Canterbury Pilgrimage on a Tricycle. tricycler (tri'si-klėr), n. [< tricycle + -erl.] One who rides on a tricycle. Harper's Mag., LXXVII. 491. [Recent.] tricyclist (tri'si-klist), n. [< tricycle + -ist.] A tricycler. Bury and Hillier, Cycling, p. 200. Tridacna (tri-dak'nä), n. [NL. (Da Costa, 1776), also erroneously Tridachia, Tridachna, Tridach nes; Gr. Tpidakvos, eaten at three bites, <rpeis (TP-), three, + dákve, bite.] A genus of inequilateral equivalve bivalve mollusks, forming the type of the family Tridacnidæ. The margin is deeply waved and indented, the opposite sides fitting
6473 tensively united, with a large pedal opening in front of the umbones of the shell; the siphonal orifices, surrounded by a thickened pallial border, are at the lower margin of the shell; the gills are double, narrow, the outer pair composed of a single lamina, the inner thick, with conspicu
Tridacnida.-Anatomy of Tridacna crocea. a, adductor muscle; b, byssus; e, valvular excurrent orifice; f, foot; g, gills;, inhalent orifice;, pallial muscle; ", inantle-margin; o, orifice for foot and byssus; P, pedal retractor muscle; s, siphonal bor. der; , labial palpi.
ously grooved margins; the palpi are slender and pointed; the foot is finger-like with a byssal groove; the valves are regular and truncate in front, with an external ligament and blended subcentral niuscular impression formed by the large adductor with the smaller pedal retractor muscle close behind it. It is a remarkable group, including the genera Tridacna and Hippopus (Tridacna gigas being the largest member of the Mollusca), and is the basis of the suborder Metarrhiptæ (which see). See also cuts under Hippopus and Tridacna. tridacnoid (tri-dak'noid), a. and n. Same as tridacnacean.
tridactyl, tridactyle (tri-dak'til), a. [<F. tridactyle, Gr. TpidáкTvλos, three-fingered, three fingers long, Tpeis (Tp-), three,+ dákтuhos, finger, toe.] 1. Having three digits, whether fingers or toes; tridigitate.-2. Having three digital parts or processes. Also tridactylous. Tridactyla (tri-dak'ti-lä), n. [NL., Gr. TplJakTVλos, three-fingered (three-toed): see tridactyl.] In ornith., same as Picoides1. [< tridactyl + tridactylous (tri-dak'ti-lus), a. -ous.] Same as tridactyl. tridaily (tri-da'li), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + E. daily.] Made, done, or occurring thrice a day. Science, IX. 79. [Rare.] triddler (trid'ler), n. [Origin obscure.] The pectoral sandpiper, Tringa maculata: a gunners' name. G. Trumbull, 1808. [New Jersey.] [<_F. tride, lively, cadenced; tride (trid), a. origin obscure.] In hunting, short and swift; fleet: as, a tride pace.
Shell of one of the Giant Clams (Tridacna squamosa). It into each other. T. gigas, the largest bivalve shell known, attains a length of 2 or 3 feet and a weight of 500 pounds or more. The animal may weigh 20 pounds or more. is a native of the East Indian seas, and is edible. The great valves are used for various purposes, as for baptismal fonts, as receptacles for holy water, and, it is alleged, as babies' bath-tubs. The substance of the shell is extremely hard, and calcification progresses until almost every trace of organic structure is obliterated. Pieces of the shell weighing 7 or 8 pounds are used by the natives of the Caroline Islands for axes. The other species of the genus, as T. squamosa and T. crocea, are much smaller. Also called Pelex. See also cut under Tridacnidæ. Tridacnacea (tri-dak-na'se-ä), n. pl. [NL., < Tridacna +-acea.] A superfamily of bivalves, represented by the Tridacnidæ alone. tridacnacean (tri-dak-na'se-an), a. and n. Tridacnacea +-an.] I. a. Öf or pertaining to the Tridacnacea or Tridacnidæ. [<
Tride, a word signifying short and swift. A tride-pace is a going of short and swift motions. A horse is said to work tride upon volts when the times he makes with his haunches are short and ready. Some apply the word only to the motion of the haunches. Osbaldiston, Sportsman's Dict., p. 635. tridens (tri'denz), n. [L.: see trident.] A three-toothed or three-bladed implement or
tridiapason 4. In Rom. antiq., a three-pronged spear used a. [< trident + -äl.] Of or pertaining to a trident; in the form of a trident; possessing or wielding a trident. white-mouth'd water now usurps the shore, And scorns the pow'r of her tridental guide. The Quarles, Emblems, i. 2.
His nature is too noble for the world: He would not flatter Neptune for his trident, Or Jove for's power to thunder.
weapon. In the latter example [a halberd] the axe-blade being balanced by a tridens. J. Hewitt, Anc. Armour, II. 269. trident (tri'dent), n. [= F. trident Sp. Pg. It. tridente, <L. triden (t-)s, three-toothed, threepronged; as a noun, a three-pronged spear, a trident as an attribute of Neptune; <tres (tri-), three, + den(t-)s E. tooth: see tooth.] 1. Any instrument of the form of a fork with three prongs; specifically, a threepronged fish-spear. -2. A spear with three prongs, usually barb-pointed, forming a characteristic attribute of Poseidon (Neptune), the seagod. See also cut under Poseidon.
Trident, 5. Nor Juno less endured, when erst the bold Son of Amphitryon with tridental shaft Her bosom pierced. Cowper, Iliad, v. 458. tridentate (tri-den'tāt), a. [= F. tridenté, < NL. *tridentatus, having three teeth, L. tres (tri-), three, dentatus, toothed: see dentate, and cf. trident.] Having three teeth or toothlike parts; tridentated; three-pronged. tridentated (tri-den'ta-ted), a. [< tridentate +-ed2.] Same as tridentate. tridentedt (tri-den'ted), a. [< trident +-ed2.] Having three teeth or prongs. Neptune Held his tridented mace. Quarles, Hist. Jonah, § 6.
tridentiferous (tri-den-tif'e-rus), a. [< L. tridentifer, triden(t-)s, a trident, + ferre = E. bear1.] Bearing a trident. Bailey, 1727. Tridentine (tri-den'tin), a. and n. [< NL. Tridentinus, ML. Tridentum, Trent (see def.).] I. a. 1. Pertaining to Trent, a city of Tyrol, or to the Council of Trent (1545-63): as, Tridentine decrees (that is, the decrees of the Council of Trent, the authoritative symbol of the Roman Catholic Church); Tridentine theology (that is, theology in accordance with those decrees, Roman Catholic theology).
Trident.- Archaistic relief of Neptune, in the Vatican.
The King [Henry VIII.] remained a believer in Roman Catholic forms of doctrine; but. those forms had not yet, by the Tridentine decrees, been hardened into their later inflexibility.
To Worlds remote she wide extends her Reign,
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p 261. 2. Conforming to the Council of Trent, or its decrees and doctrine.
Her [Elizabeth's] explanation of her supreme governorship might have satisfied every one but the most Triden tine papist, but she re-enacted the most stringent part of her father's act of supremacy. Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 324. Tridentine catechism. See catechism, 2. II. n. A Roman Catholic: a name implying that the present system of Roman Catholic doctrine and practice date from the Council of Trent (1545). The creeds of the Roman Catholic Church are four in number- the Apostles', the Nicene, the Athanasian, and the Creed of Pope Pius IV. The last named is also called the Profession of the Tridentine Faith. It was formulated in 1564, and includes the Nicene Creed, a summary of the doctrines defined by the Council of Trent, a recognition of the Roman Church as mother and teacher of all churches, and an oath of obedience to the Pope as successor of St. Peter and vicar of Christ. With the addition of the doctrines of the immaculate conception (promulgated in 1854) and the papal infallibility (defined in 1870), this creed is that which must be accepted by converts to the Roman Church, except those from the Greek Church (for whom special forms are provided), and is incumbent on all Roman Catholic priests and teachers.
They called the council of Chalcedon a "council of fools," and styled the Catholics Chalcedonians, just as Anglicans have styled Catholics of the present day Tridentines. Dublin Rev. (Imp. Dict.) Tridentipes (tri-den'ti-pez), n. [NL. (Hitchcock, 1858), L. tres (tri-), three, + dens (dent-) = E. tooth, + pes E. foot.] A genus of gigantic animals, formerly supposed to be birds, now believed to be dinosaurian reptiles, known by their footprints in the Triassic formation of the Connecticut valley. triderivative (tri-de-riv'a-tiv), n. [< Gr. τρεῖς (Tpl-), three, E. derivative.] In chem., a derivative in which there are three substituted atoms or radicals of the same kind: as, trichloracetic acid is a triderivative of acetic acid. An obsolete form of trudge1. tridget, v. i. tridiametral (tri-di-am'e-tral), a. [< Gr. τρεῖς (Tp-), three,+ diάuerpos, diameter: see diame
Shak., Cor., iii. 1. 256. II. n. A giant clam; any member of the Tri- 3. Hence, marine sovereignty; rule over the tral.] Having three diameters. ocean or sea. dacnidæ.
tridiapason (tri-di-a-pa'zon), n. [< Gr. τρεῖς (Tp-), three, dianaowv, diapason: see diapason.] In music, a triple octave, or twentysecond.
tridigitate tridigitate (trī-dij'i-tāt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), -al.] Having three (and only three) dimensions -that is, length, breadth, and thickness; of or relating to space so characterized. I only cite these theories to illustrate the need which triding+ (tri'ding), n. Same as trithing, now riding2. tridodecahedralt (tri-dō"dek-a-he'dral), a. [< Gr. Tpeis (Tpl-), three, + dúdɛka, twelve, + έdpa, base. Cf. dodecahedron.] In crystal., present- ing three ranges of faces, one above another, each containing twelve faces. triduan (trid'u-an), a. [< LL. triduanus, last- ing three days," L. triduum, a space of three days, prop. neut. adj. (sc. spatium, space), tres (tri-), three,+ dies, a day: see dial.] Last- ing three days, or happening every third day. [Rare.] triduo (trid'u-ō), n. [Sp. triduo It. triduo, ML. triduum: see triduum.] Same as triduum. Imp. Dict. triduum (trid-u'um), n. [ML., < L. triduum, a
three days.-2. In the Rom. Cath. Ch., prayers for the space of three days as a preparation for keeping a saint's day, or for obtaining some favor of God by means of the prayers of a saint. tridymite (trid'i-mit), n. [< Gr. τpisvuos, threefold, <rpeis (Tp-), three, +-duuos, as in Sidvuos, double. A crystallized form of silica, found in minute transparent tabular hexagonal crystals in trachyte and other igneous rocks, usually in twinned groups, and commonly of three crystals. It has a lower specific gravity than quartz (2.2), and is soluble in boiling sodium carbonate. tridynamous (tri-din'a-mus), a. [< Gr. Tpeis (TP), three, divaus, power.] In bọt., having three of the six stamens longer than the other three.
trielt, v. An obsolete spelling of try. On the triest man to-ward of alle dougti dedes. William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1443. tried (trid), p. a. [Early mod. E. also tryed; < ME. tried, tryed; < try + -ed2.] 1. Tested; proved; hence, firm; reliable.
Seeldome chaunge the better brought; Content who lives with tryed state Neede feare no chaunge of frowning fate. Spenser, Shep. Cal., September. O true and tried, so well and long. Tennyson, In Memoriam, Conclusion.
That thing ought to seme no newe matter vnto you, Than were the messangeres in alle maner wise So trieliche a-tired.
as, triennial parliaments; specifically, of plants, There are that hold the elders should be perpetual : there
sary of an event. triennially (tri-en'i-al-i), adv. Once in three [L., the third part of anything, < tres (tri-), three: see three.] 1. A copper coin of the an- cient Roman republic, the third part of the as; also, a gold coin of the Roman empire, the third space of three days: see triduan.] 1. A space of part of the solidus. See as4 and solidus.-2. cally applied to the fifth cranial nerve, or trigeminus, which divides into three main branches to supply the face and some other parts, and facial neuralgia, neuralgia of some portion of the face
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4819. trient, a. and n. An obsolete variant of trine3. triencephalus (tri-en-sef'a-lus), n.; pl. triencephali (-li). [NL., ‹ Gr. тpeis (Tpl-), three, + Eyképaλos, brain.] In teratol., a monster in which three organs of sense-namely, hearing, smell, and vision -are wanting. triennalt (tri-en'al), n. [ME. triennal, triennel, <OF. triennal, ML. triennale, a mass said for three years, L. triennium, a space of three years: see triennial.] Same as triennial, 1. The preest preuede no pardon to Do-wel; And demede that Dowel indulgences passede, Byennals and tryennals and bisshopes letteres. Piers Plowman (C), x. 320. triennial (tri-en'i-al), a. and n. [< L. as if *triennialis, < triennium, a period of three years, <tres (tri-), three,+ annus, a year: see annual. Cf. triennal.] I. a. 1. Continuing three years:
The triennial election of senators. The Century, XXXVII. 871. Triennial abbot. See abbot.-Triennial Act, an Eng. lish statute of 1694 which required that a new Parliament be summoned at least once in three years, and that no Parliament be continued more than three years. It was repealed by the Septennial Act, in 1716.-Triennial prescription, in Scots law, a limit of three years within which creditors can bring actions for certain classes of debts, such as merchants' and tradesmen's accounts, servants' wages, house rents (when under verbal lease), and debts due to lawyers or doctors.
II. n. 1. A mass performed daily for three which continues to live for three years.-3. Any years for the soul of a dead person.-2. A plant event, service, ceremony, etc., occurring once in three years; specifically, the third anniver
In law, a third part; also, dower. triental (tri'en-tal), a. [< L. trientalis, that contains a third," trien(t-)s, a third part: see taining to the triens, or third part. triens.] Of the value of a triens; of or per- Trientalis (trī-en-ta'lis), n. [NL. (Linnæus, 1737): see triental.] A genus of gamopetalous plants, of the order Primulacea and tribe Lysi- machieæ. It is characterized by flowers with a deeply parted wheel-shaped corolla, bearing the stamens on its peduncles. They are known as star-flower, especially T. Americana. Both species are also called chickweed winter- green.
Plural of triens. trientes, n.
trifle a trierarch: see trierarch.] 1. The office or duty of a trierarch.-2. The trierarchs collectively.-3. The system in ancient Athens of forming a national fleet by compelling certain wealthy persons to fit out and maintain vessels at their own expense. triett, a. An obsolete variant of tried. trieteric (trī-e-ter'ik), a. [<L. trietericus, < Gr. TρIETηpikós, occurring once in three years, < τpɛiç (Tp-), three, + ETоs, a year: see veteran.] Triennial; kept or occurring once in three years. [Rare.] The trieteric festival on Mount Parnassus. C. O. Müller, Manual of Archeol. (trans.), § 390. trieterical (tri-e-ter'i-kal), a. [<< trieteric + -al.] Same as trieteric.
Than the thre knyghtes answered hotely, and sayde The triers [of petitions] were selected by the king from Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 434. (b) Under the Commonwealth, an ecclesiastical commis- sioner appointed by the Parliament to examine the charac- ter and qualifications of ministers for institution and in- duction.
The trieterical sports, I mean the orgia, that is, the mysteries of Bacchus.
Gregory, Notes on Scripture (ed. 1684), p. 107. trietericst (tri-e-ter'iks), n. pl. [< L. trieterica (sc. orgia), a triennial festival, neut. pl. of trietericus: see tricteric.] A festival or games celebrated once in three years. To whome in mixed sacrifice
May, tr. of Lucan's Pharsalia, v. trifacial (trī-fā'shal), a. and n. [< L. tres (tri-), three, facies, face.] I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the face in a threefold manner: specifi
II. n. The trigeminal nerve. In man this is the largest cranial nerve, and resembles a spinal nerve in some respects, arising by two roots, a small anterior simple motor root and a large posterior ganglionated sensory root. The superficial or apparent origin from the brain is from the side of the pons Varolii, where the two roots come off together. It passes to a depression upon the end of the petrosal bone, where the sensory fibers form the large semilunar ganglion known as the Gasserian; the motor fibers accompany but do not enter into the formation of this ganglion. Beyond the ganglion the nerve immediately divides into three main branches, the ophthalmic, supramaxillary, and inframaxillary, which leave the cranial cavity separately, respectively by the foramen lacerum anterius, foramen rotundum, and foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone. The motor fibers supply the muscles of mastica tion. The character of the nerve varies much in the verte brate series. See cuts under brain, Cyclodus, Esox, and Petromyzontida. trifallowt (trī′fal-ō), v. t. Same as thrifallow. The beginning of August is the time of trifallowing, or last plowing, before they sow their wheat. Mortimer.
Treuthe is tresour triedest on eorthe. Piers Plowman (A), i. 126. There was lately a company of men called Tryers, com- ... The almighty powers tryers. You were used trierarchal (tri'er-är-kal), a. [<trierarch + -al.] Of or pertaining to a trierarch or the tri- erarchy. The reform in the trierarchal law was proposed by De- mosthenes. M. L. D'Ooge, Note on Demosthenes's Oration [De Corona (ed. 1875), p. 182. Many... of that species... whose trifistulary bill or crany we have beheld. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iii. 12. triflagellate (tri-flaj'e-lāt), a.__[< L. tres (tri-), three, flagellum, a whip.] Having three fla- gella, as an infusorian; trimastigate. trifle1 (tri'fl), n. [< MË. trifle, trifel, triful, try- fule, trefle, trefele, trufle, truful, trufful, truyfle, OF. trufle, truffle, trofle, a jest, jesting, mock- ery, raillery, a var., with intrusive (as in treacle, chronicle, etc.), of truffe, a jest, mock, flout, gibe: supposed to be a transposed use of truffe, F. truffe, a truffle (cf. F. dial. truffe, treufe, potato), Pr. trufa Sp. trufa = It. truffa, a truffle (a truffle being regarded formerly, it is thought, as a type of a small or worthless ob- ject): see truffle.] 1. A jest; a joke; a pleas- antry. Efterward byeth the bourdes [jests] and the trufles uol of uelthe and of leazinges, thet me clepeth ydele wordes. trierarchy (trī'èr-är-ki), n. [< Gr. τριηραρχία, Ayenbite of Inwyt (E. E. T. S.), p. 58. the office or dignity of a trierarch, < pinpapxos, 2t. A trick; a fraud; a lie. =
trifarious (trī-fā'ri-us), a. [< L. trifarius (= (tri-), three, + fascia, band: see fasciate.] Sur- rounded by or marked with three bands. Pen- nant, Brit. Zoöl. (ed. 1777), IV. 88. trifid (trī'fid), a. [< L. trifidus, < tres (tri-), three,+ findere, cleave: see bite. Cf. bifid.] Divided into three parts. Specifically-(a) In bot., divided half-way into three parts by linear sinuses with straight margins; three-cleft. (b) In zool., three-cleft; deeply tridentate; divided into three parts; trichotomous. trifistulary (tri-fis'tu-la-ri), a. [L. tres (tri-), three,+fistula, pipe.] Having three pipes.
trifle "A trefle," quath he, "trewlie! his treuth is full litell!" Piers Plowman's Crede (E. E. T. S.), 1. 352. This ydelnesse is the thurrok of alle wikked and vileyns thoghtes, and of alle jangles, trufles, and of alle ordure. Chaucer, Parson's Tale. 3. An idle speech or tale; vain or foolish talk; twaddle; nonsense; absurdity.
Holde thi tonge, Mercy! It is but a trufle that thow tellest. Piers Plowman (B), xviii. 147. 4. Anything of slight value or moment; a paltry matter; an insignificant fact, circumstance, object, amount, etc.: often used in the adverbial phrase a trifle: as, to feel a trifle annoyed.
Thus ther stondes in stale the stif kyng hisseluen, Talkkande bifore the hyge table of trifles ful hende. Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 108. A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles. Shak., W. T., iv. 3. 26. The bank itself was small and grave, and a trifle dingy. C. Reade, Love me Little, xi. 5. A dish or confection consisting mainly of whipped cream or some light substitute, as the beaten whites of eggs, and usually containing fruit or almonds, and cake or pastry soaked in wine or brandy.
6475 The Agows knew well that they were in the hands of one who was no trifler. Bruce, Source of the Nile, II. 618. trifle-ring (tri'fl-ring), n. A ring having some hidden mechanism or play of parts, as a gimmel-ring, puzzle-ring, or one composed of three or more hoops working on pivots. trifling (tri'fling), n. [ME. *trifling, *trufling, trouflyng; verbal n. of trifle, v.] The act or conduct of one who trifles, in any sense.
I really must confess that the Log, for long, long after I first went to sea, could be compared to nothing more fitly than a dish of trifle, anciently called syllabub, with a stray plum here and there scattered at the bottom. M. Scott, Tom Cringle's Log, i. 6. Common pewter, such as is used for ordinary utensils, composed of eighty parts of tin and twenty of lead. triflel (tri'fl), v.; pret. and pp. trifled, ppr. trifling. [ ME. triflen, trifelen, tryflen, treoflen, troflen, truflen, <OF. truffler, truffer, jest, mock: see triflel, n.] I. intrans. 1. To jest; make sport; hence, to use mockery; treat something with derision, flippancy, or a lack of proper respect: often followed by with. vice? The stede [a church] is holy, and is y-zet to bidde god, nazt uor to iangli, uor to lhezze [laugh], ne uorto trufly. Ayenbite of Inwyt (E. E. T. S.), p. 214.. Look to yourself, dear sir, And trifle not with danger that attends you. Fletcher, Double Marriage, iv. 3. For is there nothing to trifle with but God and his SerStillingfleet, Sermons, I. ii. 2t. To use trickery or deception; cheat; lie. Thow art feble and false, and noghte bot faire wordes; ... I red thowe trette of a trewe, and trofle no lengere. Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2933. 3. To talk or act idly; busy one's self with trivial or useless things; act frivolously; waste one's time; dally; idle.
He returned his answer by a letter dated at Crogh the thirtith of October, 1579, vsing therein nothing but triflings and delaies. Stanihurst, Chron. of Ireland, an. 1579 (Holinshed's [Chron., I.). Presumptuous dallyings, or impertinent triflings with Barrow, Sermons, I. xxxi. trifling (tri'fling), p. u. [Ppr. of trifle, v.] 1. Inclined to trifle; lacking depth or earnestness; shallow; frivolous; idle; vain. God. His serious impassioned look was so completely sincere and true that her trifling nature was impressed in spite of everything, Mrs. Oliphant, Poor Gentleman, xxxvi. 2. Trivial; unimportant; insignificant; slight; small. leave. My Arab insisted to attend me thither, and, upon his arrival, I made some trifling presents, and then took my Bruce, Source of the Nile, I. 54. 3. Good-for-nothing; worthless; mean. [Southern and western U. S.]
Treoflinge heo smot her & ther in another tale sone. Rob. of Gloucester (ed. Morris and Skeat, II. 21). We would not trifle long at this place. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. ii. 28. I can only trifle in this Review. It takes me some time to think about serious subjects.
Sydney Smith, To Francis Jeffrey, July, 1810. 4. To play, as by lightly handling or touching something; toy. Hold still thy hands, moue_not thy feete, beware thou of tryfling. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 75. Stretch your blind hands and trifle with a match Over a mine of Greek fire. Browning, An Epistle.
The two gentlemen had finished supper, and were now trifling with cigars and maraschino. R. L. Stevenson, The Dynamiter, p. 134. II. trans. 1t. To turn into jest or sport; hence, to treat lightly or flippantly; play with. How dothe oure bysshop tryfle and mocke vs, sythe he kepeth aboute hym the greatest brybour and robbor in all Fraunce, and wolde that we shulde gyue hymoure money. Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., I. cc. 2. To spend on trifles; pass idly or foolishly; waste; fritter: often followed by away.
A person mean enough to "take the law onto" his neighbor was accounted too "triflin"" to be respectable. E. Eggleston, The Graysons, xii. triflingly (tri'fling-li), adv. In a trifling manner; with levity; without seriousness or dignity. triflingness (tri'fling-nes), n. The state or character of being trifling. The triflingness and petulancy of this scruple I have rep resented upon its own proper principles.
Bp. Parker, Rehears. Transp., p. 39. (Richardson.) trifloral (tri-fo'ral), a. [L. tres (tri-), three, +flos (flor-), flower, + -al.] In bot., same as triflorous. triflorous (tri-flō'rus), a. [<L. tres (tri-), three, +flos (flor-), flower, +-ous.] Three-flowered; bearing three flowers: as, a triflorous peduncle. [<< L. trifluctuationt (tri-fluk-tu-a'shon), n. tres (tri-), three,+fluctuatio (n-), fluctuation.] A concurrence of three waves. The Greeks, to express the greatest wave, do use the number of three, that is, the word тpixuμía, which is a concurrence of three waves in one, whence arose the proverb Tρikνμía Kaкwv, or a trifluctuation of evils, which Erasmus doth render malorum fluctus decumanus. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., vii. 17. trifold (tri'föld), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + -fold.] Threefold; triple; triune. trifolia (tri-fo'li-ä), n. [< L. tres (tri-), three, +folium, leaf.] A curve of the eighth order whose equation is Cr3: (sin 0)2. trifoliate (tri-foʻli-at), a. [<L. tres (tri-), three, +foliatus, leaved, folium, a leaf. Cf. trefoil.] Having three leaves; trefoil; specifically, in bot., having three leaves or leaflets: used chiefly, in the latter sense, of compound leaves, as a shortened form of trifoliolate. See cut d under leaf. trifoliated (tri-fō'li-ā-ted), a. -cd2.] Same as trifoliate. = [< trifoliate + Silver beaker, the base trifoliated. South Kensington Cat. Spec. Ex., No. 4803. Trifolieæ (tri-fo-li'e-e), n. pl. [NL. (Bronn, A tribe of legumi1822), < Trifolium +-ex.] nous plants, of the suborder Papilionacea. It is characterized by usually trifoliate leaves minutely toothed by the projection of their straight excurrent veins, by flowers usually borne in a head or raceme on an axillary peduncle, and by an ovary with two or more ovules, forming in fruit an unjointed two-valved or small and indehiscent pod. The 6 genera are chiefly herbs of north temperate regions, Trifolium (the type) including the clovers. See also Melilotus, Medicago, Trigonella, Ononis, and Parochetus.
We trifle time in words. Ford, Broken Heart, v. 2. The scarcest of all [medals] is a Pescennius Niger on a medallion well preserved. It was coined at Antioch, where this emperor trifled away his time till he lost his life and empire.
Addison, Remarks on Italy (Works, ed. Bohn, I. 504). 3. To utter or perform lightly or carelessly. She used him for her sport, like what he was, to trifle a leisure sentence or two with. Lamb, Old Actors. 4. To reduce to a trifle; make trivial or of no importance. [Rare.] This sore night Hath trifled former knowings. Shak., Macbeth, ii. 4. 4. trifler (tri'flér), n. [< ME. trifler, tryfler, trif- flour, OF. trufflour, truffler, jest, mock: see trifle.] One who trifles; especially, a shal- low, light-minded, or flippant person; an idler. "A! Peres," quath y tho, "y pray the, thou me telle More of thise tryflers, hou trechurly thei libbeth." Piers Plowman's Crede (E. E. T. S.), 1. 475.
triform five to seven leaflets; in 13 or more species, the section Chronosemium, the arrangement of the three leaflets is pinnate. Their stipules are conspicuous, adnate to the petioles, and often large and veiny, especially in T. pratense and in the Californian native fodder-plant T. fucatum. The flowers are red, purplish, white, or yellow; sometimes the same flower combines two colors, as white and rose-color in T. hybridum. They commonly change to brown in fading; in brown clover, T. spadiceum, they are brown from the first. They form a head or dense spike or raceme-rarely umbellate, as in T. Lupinaster, or solitary, as in T. uniflorum. A group peculiar to western parts of North and South America, with 11 species in California, is remarkable for its involucrate heads. Many species are among the most valuable of fodder-plants, especially T. pratense, red clover, and T. repens, white clover. Among more locally cultivated species, T. agrarium, yellow clover, is valued for sandy soils; T. hybridum, the alsike, for wet places; T. reflexum, the buffalo-clover of the central United States, for alluvial land; and T. incarnatum, the carnation, crimson, or Italian clover, for gypsum regions. T. Alexandrinum is the bersin clover, much grown in Egypt, producing three crops a season, and furnishing the principal fodder. T. subrotundum is the mayad clover, cultivated in northern and central parts of Africa. For the species in general, see clover, trefoil, and shamrock; for others, see stone-clover, strawberry-clover, hop-trefoil, lupinaster, mountain-licorice, purple-grass, cowgrass, and running buffalo-clover (under running). trifoly (tri'fo-li), n. [L. trifolium, three-leaved grass: see trefoil.] Trefoil. [Obsolete or archaic.] She was crowned with a chaplet of trifoly. B. Jonson, King James's Coronation Entertainment. Braid moonfern now with mystic trifoly. Browning, Sordello, iii. Sea-trifolyt, the sea-milkwort, Glaux maritima.- Sour trifolyt, the wood-sorrel, Oxalis Acetosella. Britten and Holland. Triforida (trī-for'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Triforis +-idæ.] A family of tænioglossate gastropods, typified by the genus Triforis, and characterized by the radular teeth, the central and lateral being very short, wide, and multicuspid, and the marginal small. The shell is like that of the Cerithiidæ, but is almost always sinistral, and has peculiarities of the aperture. The numerous species are of small size.
Triforis (tri'fo-ris), n. [NL. (Deshayes, 1824), < tres (tri-), three, + foris, a door, opening.] A genus of gastropods, typical of the family Triforida, with the siphonal canal closed except at the end, and with a small subsutural tubular opening-these, together with the mouth, forming three apertures. triforium (tri-fo'ri-um), n.; pl. triforia (-ä). [< ML. triforium, < L. tres (tri-), three, foris, a door, opening: see door.] In medieval arch., a gallery above the arches of the nave and choir,
trifoliolate (tri-foʻli-o-lat), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, NL. foliolatus, foliolate.] In bot., having three leaflets: more commonly trifoliate. Trifolium (tri-fō'li-um), n. [NL. (Rivinus, 1691; earlier in Brunfels, 1530), L. trifolium, trefoil,< tres (tri-), three, folium, leaf: see foil. Cf. trifoly, foil, trefle.] A genus of leguminous plants, type of the tribe Trifolicæ, and including most of the plants commonly known as clover. It is characterized by usually withering-persistent petals, all, or the lower ones, adnate at the base, or higher, to the stamen-tube, and by a usually indehiscent membranous legume included within the persistent keelpetals or calyx. About 300 species have been described, and often of the transepts, of a church, generally in the form of an arcade. Galleries of the same kind existed in several of the ancient basilicas. The name is often inappropriate, as the triple opening which it implies is far from being a general characteristic of the triforium. In many churches built after the middle of the thirteenth century the triforium appears merely as a narrow passage for communication, with broad windows behind it, and is so treated that it forms practically a continuation of the clearstory above; but in large churches built earlier than that date, as the Cathedral of Paris, it is very frequently spacious, and affords additional room for the assembled people. See also cuts under bay, blind-story, and clearstory. of which about 170 are now thought distinct. They are abundant in north temperate and subtropical regions; a few occur on mountains within the tropics in America, or beyond in Africa and South America. They are herbs, triform (tri'fôrm), a. [= F. triforme = Sp. Pg. usually with digitate leaves of three leaflets, or rarely more; in 3 perennial species of the Sierra Nevada, with It. triforme, < L. triformis, having three forms,
Triforium, 13th century, at Saint Leu d'Esserent, France. (From Viollet-le-Duc's "Dict. de l'Architecture.") Page 21
triform < tres (tri-), three, forma, form.] Same as triformed.
The ... moon With borrow'd light her countenance triform Hence fills and empties. Milton, P. L., iii. 730. Goddess Triform, I own thy triple spell. Lowell, Endymion, vii. triformed (tri'fôrmd), a. [< triform + -ed2.] 1. Formed of three parts, or in three divisions or lobes: as, a triformed wreath of laurel to indicate England, Scotland, and Ireland.-2. Having three shapes, or having three bodies, as the "triple Hecate." triformity (tri-fôr'mi-ti), n. [< triform + -ity.] The state of being triform. Bailey, 1727. triformous (tri-fôr'mus), a. [< triform +-ous.] Same as triformed. Wilkinson, Manners of the Egyptians (ed. Birch), II. 514. (Encyc. Dict.) [Rare.] triforoid (tri'fo-roid), a. and n. [<NL. Triforis, q. v., +-oid.] I. a. Of or related to the Triforida. II. n. One of the Triforida. trifoveolate (tri-fō'vē-ō-lāt), a. [<L. tres (tri-), three, NL. foveola + -atel.] In entom., having three round shallow pits or foveæ. trifurcate (trī-fėr'kāt), a. [L. trifurcus, having three forks, < tres (tri-), three, + furca, a fork: see furcate.] 1. Forking or forked into three parts; three-pronged; trichotomous.2. In bot., three-forked; divided into three branches or forks. trifurcate (trī-fėr′kāt), v. i.; pret. and pp. trifurcated, ppr. trifurcating. [< trifurcate, a.] To divide into three parts.
The arms of a triæne may bifurcate (dichotriane) once, twice, or oftener, or they may trifurcate. Encyc. Brit., XXII. 417. trifurcated (trī-fèr'kā-ted), a. [< trifurcate + -ed2.] Same as trifurcate: specific in the phrase trifurcated hake, a gadoid fish otherwise known as tadpole-hake. See Raniceps. trifurcation (tri-fèr-ka'shon), n. [<trifurcate+ -ion.] The state of being trifurcate; a trifurcate shape, formation, or arrangement. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLV. 657. trig1 (trig), a. and n. [< ME. trig, tryg, < Icel. tryggr=Sw. trygg, trusty, faithful, true, Dan. tryg, secure, safe, Goth. triggws, true, faithful: see true, of which trig is a doublet. Cf. trick4, a.] I. a. 1. True; trusty; trustworthy; ― faithful.
Thin laferrd birrth the buhsumm beon & hold & trigg & trowwe. Ormulum, 1. 6177. 2. Safe; secure. In lesuris and on leyis litill lammes Full tait and trig socht bletand to thare dammes. Gavin Douglas, tr. of Virgil, p. 402. 3. Tight; firm; sound; in good condition or health.
Auld Reekie aye he keepit tight, An' trig an' braw; But now they'll busk her like a fright- Willie's awa'! Burns, To W. Creech. The stylish gait and air of the trig little body. The Century, XXVIII. 541. 5. Active; clever. Halliwell. II. n. A dandy; a coxcomb.
6476 Never trig'd his way. John Taylor, Works (1630). (Nares.) Trigged, having a Mark set to stand in playing at Nine Pins. Bailey, 1727. trig3 (trig), n. [< trig3, v.] 1. An obstacle;
You are... a trig, And an Amadis de Gaul, or a Don Quixote. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 4. [Obsolete, provincial, or colloq. in all uses.] trigl (trig), v. t.; pret. and pp. trigged, ppr. trigging. trig1, a.] To dress; trick: with up. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] trig2 (trig), v. t.; pret. and pp. trigged, ppr. trigging. [ Dan. trykke Sw. trycka OHG. drucchen, MHG. drücken, drucken, G. drücken, drucken AS. thryccan, press.] To fill; stuff; cram. Grose; Brockett. [Obsolete or prov. Eng.] = By how much the more a man's skin is full trig'd with flesh, blood, and natural spirits. (Latham.) Brockett. Dr. H. More, Mystery of Godliness, p. 105. trig2 (trig), a. [See trig2, v.] Full. [Prov. Eng.] trig3 (trig), v. t.; pret. and pp. trigged, ppr. trigging. [Perhaps a particular use of trig2, cram. Some compare W. trigo, stay, tarry, Pr. trigar, stop, ML. trigare, tricare, delay.] 1. To stop; obstruct; specifically, to skid; stop (a wheel) by putting a stone, log, or other obstacle in the way.
Nor is his suite in danger to be stopt, trig4 (trig), v. i.; pret. and pp. trigged, ppr. trig- ging. [Cf. tridge, trudge.] To trudge; trundle along.
There's many of my own Sex With that Holborn Equipage trig to Gray's-Inn-Walks;
S. Butler, Hudibras, I. iii. 528. trigger-finger (trig'èr-fing"gėr), n. An affec- tion of the finger in which a movement of flex- ion or extension is arrested for a moment in one of the joints and then resumed with a jerk, sometimes accompanied with an audible snap. trigger-fish (trigʻèr-fish), n. A fish of the ge- nus Balistes.-Pig-faced trigger-fish, the file-fish, Balistes capriscus. See cut under Balistes. One who has been thrice married; especially, trigamist (trigʻa-mist), n. [< trigam-y + -ist.] trigger-guard (trig ́ér-gärd), n. Same as guard, 5 (b).one who has three wives or three husbands at trigger-hair (trig ́ėr-hãr), n. A minute tac- the same time. Sometimes used attributively. tile filament or palpicil set at the mouth of the Trigamist (trigamus), he that hath had three wives. cnida or thread-cell in some cœlenterates, serv- Blount, Glossographia, 1670. ing to touch off the cell and so fire out the trigamous (trig'a-mus), a. [= F. trigame cnidocil or stinging-hair; a kind of hair-trigger Sp. trigamo = Pg. trigamo, <LL. trigamus, < Gr. attached to a nematocyst.Tpiyanos, thrice married, peis (Tpl-), three, trigger-line (trig'er-lin), n. In ordnance, the yάuos, marriage.] 1. Of or pertaining to trig-cord by which a gun-lock is operated. amy.-2. In bot., having three sorts of flow- trigger-plant (trigʻèr-plant), ́n. A plant of ers in the same head-male, female, and her- the genus Candollea (Stylidium). maphrodite. trigintal (tri-jin'tal), n. [< ML. trigintale, <L. triginta, thirty: see thirty. Cf. trental.] Same as trental. [Rare.] And now and then Travel hither on a Sunday. The Three Merry Butchers. (Nares.) =
Some few of their Priests are learned. For them it is lawfull to marry; but bigamy is forbidden them, and trigamy detested in the Laiety. Sandys, Travailes, p. 64.
trigastric (tri-gas'trik), a. [< Gr. Tpεis (TPL), Some o' them will be sent back to fling the earth into the passion of wind. A. E. Barr, Friend Olivia, xvii. trigeminal (tri-jem'i-nal), a. and n. [< L. tri- 4. Neat; tidy; trim; spruce; smart.geminus, three at a birth (see trigeminous), + -al.] I. a. 1. In anat. and zool., triple, triune, or threefold: specifically noting the trifacial or fifth cranial nerve (which see, under trifacial). Also trigeminous.-2. Of or pertaining to the trigeminal nerve: as, a trigeminal foramen. A preliminary stage of trigeminal neuralgia.
Triglochin similar arms, the lever which, when pressed, libmer of the lock; by extension, in crossbows and erates the string of the bow. See hair-trigger, and cuts under gun, revolver, and rifle.
= trigamy (trig'a-mi), n. [< F. trigamie Sp. Pg. trigamia, <LL. trigamia, <Gr. 7pıyaμía, < rpi- yauos, thrice married: see trigamous.] Triple marriage; the state of one who has been thrice married; especially, the state or offense of Ayliffe, Parergon. having three wives or husbands at the same Trigla (trigʻlä), n. [NL. (Linnæus, 1758), < Gr. time.
It is what he calls trigamy, Madam, or the marrying of three wives, so that good old men may be solaced at once by the companionship of the wisdom of maturity, and of those less perfected but hardly less engaging qualities which are found at an earlier period of life. O. W. Holmes, Professor, i.
As a goose
Trentals or trigintals were a number of masses to the tale of thirty, instituted by Saint Gregory.
Gurnard (Trigla gurnardus). piyha, piyλn, a mullet.] The typical genus of Triglide; the gurnards. See gurnard. triglandular (tri-glan'du-lär), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three,+ *glandula, dim. of glans (gland-), acorn (see glandule), + -ar2.] In bot., having three nuts or nutlets in one involucre. triglans (tri'glanz), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, +glans, acorn, nut: see gland.] In bot., containing three nuts within an involucre, as the Spanish chestnut. Lindley. Triglide (trigʻli-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Trigla + -idæ.] A family of acanthopterygian fishes, whose typical genus is Trigla: used with widevarying limits. It has included all the mail-cheeked fishes, being gradually restricted, and is now by some authors limited to the gurnards and closely related forms, having a parallelepiped head, entirely mailed cheeks, and three free pectoral rays. See Trigloidea, and cut under Buck's Handbook of Med. Sciences, III. 16. II.2. The trigeminal nerve; the trigeminus. See trifacial. trigemini, ». Plural of trigeminus. trigeminous (tri-jem'i-nus), a. [L. trigeminus, three at a birth, triple, tres (tri-), three,+ly geminus, a twin: see geminous.] 1. Being one of three born together; born three at a time. —2. In anat. and zoöl., same as trigeminal. trigeminus (tri-jem'i-nus), n.; pl. trigemini (-ni). [NL., L. trigeminus, three at a birth: see trigeminous.] In zool. and anat., the trifacial nerve. See trifacial. trigent, n. Same as trigon2. Kersey, 1708; Bailey, 1731. [L.: see thirtytwo-mo.] Same as thirtytwo-mo. trigesimo-secundo (tri-jes"i-mō-sē-kun'dō), a. trigger (trig ́ėr), n. [Formerly tricker; < MD. trecker, D. trekker ( Dan. trækker, a trigger), lit. a drawer, puller, MD. trecken, D. trekken, pull: with three to six carpels, each with one ovule. It includes see tricks. The G. is drücker, a trigger,< drücken, press: see trig2.] 1. Any device by means of which a catch or spring is released and a trap sprung or other mechanism set in action; spe- produce elongated flat or somewhat cylindrical leaves, cifically, in firearms, a small projecting tongue of steel which, when pressed, liberates the ham Trigla Triglochin (trī-glō'kin), n. [NL. (Linnæus, 1737), so called in allusion to the three angles of the capsule; Gr. Tpeis (Tpl-), three, + yhwxiv, yhwxis, any projecting point.] A genus of monocotyledonous plants, formerly known as Juncago (Tournefort, 1700). It is the type of a group of 3 or 4 small genera of bog-plants, the Juncagineæ, by many long made a suborder of the order Alismacese, but now classed as a tribe of the order Naiadaccæ. The genus is characterized by bisexual bractless flowers 10 or 12 species, natives of salt-marshes and fresh-water bogs of the colder parts of both hemispheres. They are erect scape-bearing plants, usually from a tuberous rootstock, their roots sometimes also tuber-bearing. They sometimes floating, and rather small greenish flowers in an erect spike or raceme. They are known as arrow-grass; two species occur in the northeastern United States.
trigloid trigloid (trig'loid), a. and n. [<Trigla +-oid.] I. a. Resembling or related to the gurnards; belonging to the Triglidæ in a broad sense; of or pertaining to the Trigloidea. Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XI. 588. II. n. A gurnard or related fish; any member of the Trigloidea. Trigloidea (trig-loi'de-ä), n. pl. [NL., <Trigla +Gr. eldos, form.] A superfamily of acanthopterygian fishes, represented by the Triglide and related families. The post-temporal forms an integral part of the cranium; the posterotemporal is contiguous to the proscapula; and the third suborbital is greatly enlarged and covers the cheek, articulating behind with the anterior wall of the preoperculum. triglot (tri'glot), a. [< Gr. Tрeis (Tpl-), three, + yhwooa, yarra, tongue.] Containing, composed in, or relating to three languages: as, a triglot dictionary. trigly (trigʻli), adv. [<trig1 +-ly2.] In a trig manner; neatly; trimly; finely. [Provincial or colloq.]
So he that hathe a consciens cleere May stand to hys takkell tryklye. Elderton, Lenten Stuffe (1570). (Halliwell.) O busk yir locks trigly, an' kilt up yir coaties. Tarras, Poems, p. 124. (Jamieson.) triglyceride (tri-glis'e-rid or -rīd), n. [< Gr. Tрeis (TPI), three, + E. glycer-in +-ide1] In chem., a substitution product formed by the replacement of three hydrogen atoms in glycerol by acid radicals. The triglycerides formed by stearic, palmitic, oleic, and butyric acids make up the larger part of most animal and vegetable fats. triglyph (tri'glif), n. [= F. triglyphe, L. tri-
II. n. In anat., the triangular space at the base of the bladder; the trigonum. Trigonalidæ (trig-o-nal'i-de), n. pl. [NL., Trigonalys + -ida.] A family of parasitic hymenopters, having the single genus Trigonalys. trigonally (trigʻo-nal-i), adv. Triangularly. Trigonalys (tri-gon'a-lis), N. [NL. (Westwood, 1835), Gr. rpiywvos, three-cornered, + (irreg.) aws, a threshing-floor, a disk: see halo.] An anomalous genus of hymenopterous insects, block into which the metope was slid. A Triglyph of the Parthenon, showing the groove in one side of the formerly placed in the family Evaniidæ, now merous ovules, and a pod which is straight, falcate, or arcuate, but not spiral. There are about 60 species, na- tives of Europe, Asia, and North Africa, with a few in South Afri- ca, and one, T. suavissima, in the interior of Australia. They are usually strong-smelling herbs, having pinnately trifoli- ate leaves with adnate stipules. Most of the species bear yellow or white flowers in a head or short raceme. The pod is lin- ear, its veins being reticulated in the section Buceras; in Fal- catula it is broad and com- its pressed, and veinsstraight. In a few similar spe- cies, the section Pocockia, the pod bears winged or fringed su- tures. In three smaller sections with beaked pods, the flowers in Uncinella are usually pendulous, are
sive block incised with two entire vertical grooves cut to a right angle, called glyphs, framed between three fillets, and with a semi-groove at each side. The block is grooved on both sides to receive the adjoining metopes, which are thin slabs slid into their places from above. The triglyphs represent the ends of the ceiling-beams of the primitive wooden construction. In Greek use the exterior triglyphs of a range are always slightly displaced, so as to occupy the angles of the frieze instead of coming, like the others, over the centers of the columns; in Roman and affiliated architectures this refinement does not occur; and in Roman and even some of the later Greek examples the triglyphs are merely carved in relief in the face of the frieze-blocks, instead of being, as properly, independent blocks. See also cuts under entablature and monotriglyph.
All round between the triglyphs in the frieze there are most exquisite alt-reliefs of combats with centaurs, lions, and many on horses.
Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 163. triglyphal (tri'glif-al), a. [< triglyph + -al.] Same as triglyphic. Amer. Jour. Archæol., VI.54. triglyphic (tri-glif'ik), a. [< triglyph + -ic.] 1. Consisting of or pertaining to triglyphs.2. Containing three sets of characters or sculptures.
triglyphical (tri-glif'i-kal), a. [< triglyphic +
6477 As when the cranes direct their flight on high, 2. In astrol.: (a) The junction of three signs, the zodiac being divided into four trigons: the watery trigon, which includes Cancer, Scor- pio, and Pisces; the earthly trigon, Taurus, Virgo, and Capricornus; the airy trigon, Gem- ini, Libra, and Aquarius; and the fiery trigon, Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius. Look [in the almanac] whether the fiery Trigon, his man, Shak., 2 Hen. IV., ii. 4. 288. And stoppeth the wheel with a Trigen [Sufflamine] in a steep descent. Hoole, tr. of The Visible World, lxxxvi. Trigon, a Pole to stop the Wheel of a Cart, where it goes too fast down a steep Place. Bailey, 1731.
The lassies who had been at Nanse Bank's school were always well spoken of .. for the trigness of their houses, when they were afterwards married.
= = Galt, Annals of the Parish, p. 29. trigon1 (tri'gon), n. [< F. trigone Sp. trígono, also trigon Pg. It. trigono, < L. trigonum, also trigonium, < Gr. Tpiywvov, a triangle, a musical instrument so called, neut. of rpiywvos, three-cornered, triangled, <rpeis (τpɩ-), three, + ywvía, angle.] 1. A triangle.
gon1.] 1. The typical Trigoniida.-2. [l. c.] A shell of the genus Tri- gonia or family Trigoni ida; a trigon: also used attributively: as, the tri- gonia beds or grits.-Tri- gonia beds, a subdivision of the Corallian division of the Upper and Lower Ragstones, which are themselves divi- trigonal (trig'o-nal), a. and n. [< trigon1 +
trigonocerous in Fænum-græcum solitary, in Grammocarpus blue. Several of the species, especially T. Fænum-græcum, are known as fenugreek (which see). T. cærulea is the Swiss melilot. T. ornithopodioides is the bird's-foot fenugreek, a reddish-flowered prostrate species growing on British heaths. T. ornithorhynchus is the bird's-bill fenugreek, a yellow Russian species with fleshy leaves, spiny peduncles, and pods with a recurving beak. T. suavissima has been found valuable for pasturage in Australia. trigonellite (trig-o-nel'it), n. [As Trigonella + -ite2.] A fossil shelly substance. See aptychus. trigoneutic (tri-go-nu'tik), a. [< Gr. Tрεis (Tpl-), three,yoveve, beget.] In entom., triplebrooded; having three broods in a single year. See trivoltine.
Plant with Flowers and Fruits of Fenugreek (Trigonella Fænum-græcum). a, a fruit.
trigoneutism (tri-go-nu'tizm), n. [<trigoneut(ic) three-cornered: see tri-
A Trigon (Trigonia costata).
Trigoniacea (tri-go-ni-a'se-a), n. pl. [NL., < II. n. A member of the Trigoniacea. trigonic (tri-gon'ik), a. [< trigon1 +-ic.] Pertaining to a trigon or triangle.- Trigonic coördinate, one of a set of three coördinates determining the position of a point in a plane, these being the three angles subtended between three points of reference as seen from the point whose position is in question: invented by William Walton in 1868, and not to be con founded with trilinear or with trigonal coordinates. valves. The mantle- long and angulated be- hind; the palpi are small and pointed; the shell is equivalve and nacreous within; the umbones are antemedian; the liga- ment is external; the cardinal teeth are diver-
Structure of Trigoniide (Trigonia pectinata).
gent, and more or less pi, margin: o, mouth; P, pallial of mollusks whose living line; t, ', dental sockets; v, cloaca. species are few and con- fined to the Australian seas, but which had an extensive range from the Triassic to the Cretaceous epoch. The typical genus is Trigonia. Also Trigoniada, Trigonida. See also cut under Trigonia.
Trigonocarpus (trig"o-no-kür'pus), n. [NL., Having a flattened and somewhat triangular head, as a venomous serpent of the genus Tri- gonocephalus. Trigonocephalus (trig"o-no-sef'a-lus), n. [NL. (Oppel, 1811), < Gr. Tpiywvos, three-cornered, + Kepah, head.] A genus of venomous serpents, of the family Crotalida: used with various ap- plications. See Ancistrodon, Craspedocepha- lus, Toxicophis, copperhead, fer-de-lance, and moccasin2.
trigonocerous (trig-o-nos'e-rus), a. [< Gr. Tρíywvos, three-cornered, + Kepas, horn.] Having horns with three angles, edges, or ridges-that is, triangular in cross-section.
trigonoid trigonoid (trig'ō-noid), n. [< trigon1 +-oid.] ywvov, triangle, +μérpov, measure.] An instru- ment for solving plane right-angled triangles by inspection. In the form shown in the figure, a graduated arm turns about one of the corners of a square B $16
Trigonometer. graduated linearly parallel to adjacent sides, so as to form squares, and having outside of it a protractor. If the arm is not nicely centered, however, a detached rule would be preferable.
= ries. trigonometric (trig"o-no-met'rik), a. [= F. trigonométrique Sp. trigonométrico Pg. It. trigonometrico,<NL. *trigonometricus,<*trigono- metria, trigonometry: see trigonometry.] Same as trigonometrical.-Trigonometric series. See se- trigonometrical (trig"o-no-met'ri-kal), a. [< trigonometric +-al.] Of or pertaining to trig- onometry; performed by or according to the rules of trigonometry.- Trigonometrical canon, a table of the numerical values of trigonometrical func- tions; especially, a very extensive and fundamental table, from which smaller tables are extracted.-Trigonomet- rical curve, a curve whose equation involves trigono- metrical and no higher functions.-Trigonometrical function, a singly periodic function with a real period; especially, the sine, cosine, tangent, or their reciprocals. Trigonometrical survey, a survey by triangulation, the measurement of base-lines, and astronomical observations of latitude, longitude, and azimuth. A trigonometrical survey should be followed by a plane-table or other topographical survey; it is also an important basis of or adjunct to hydrographical, magnetical, meteorological, geological, biological, political, anthropological, sociological, military, and other surveys. trigonometrically (trig"o-no-met'ri-kal-i), adv. In a trigonometrical manner; according to the rules or principles of trigonometry.
6478 base being formed by the stric acustica, and the hypote- trigonyt (trig'o-ni), n. [Cf. Gr. Tpıyovía, the third generation, Gr. peis (Tp-), three, + yovía, production: see -gony.] A threefold birth or product.
Man is that great Amphybium in whom be trigrammatic (tri-gra-mat'ik), a. [< Gr. Tpl- yрáμuaros, consisting of three letters, <rpεis (Tpl-), three,+ypáupa(-), a letter.] Consisting of three letters or of three sets of letters. trigrammic (tri-gram'ik), n. [As trigram + -ic.] Same as trigrammatic. trigraph (tri'graf), n. [Gr. Tpeis (Tpl-), three, +ypaph, a writing, <ypaper, write.] A combi- nation of three letters to represent one sound; a triphthong, as eau in beau. trigyn (tri'jin), n. [Gr. Tpeis (Tpl-), three, + yový, a female (in mod. bot. a pistil).] In bot., a plant having three styles; a plant of the or- der Trigynia. Trigynia (tri-jinʼi-ä), n. pl. [NL.: see trigyn.] An order of plants in the Linnean system, dis- tinguished by the fact that the flowers have three styles or pistils, as in the bladder-nut. trigynian (tri-jin'i-an), a. [< Trigynia + -an.] Belonging or relating to the Trigynia; trigy- In bot., three-styled; having three styles. [As trigynous.] trihedral (tri-he'dral), a. [Also tricdral; Gr. Tpeis (Tp-), three, dpa, a seat, +-al.] Hav- ing three faces; three-faced. nous. trigynous (trij'i-nus), a.
The upper face of the trihedral, proximal, and largest angle formed by the concur
Trihedral angle, a solid + NL. hilum +-ate1.] hila or scars, as a seed; tures, as a pollen-grain. trihoral (tri-ho'ral), a. [L. tres (tri-), three, [L. tres (tri-), three, + hora, hour: see hour.] Happening once in every three hours. Lord Ellesmere. (Worcester.) trijugate (tri-jö'gat), a. [L. trijugus, three- fold (< tres (tri-), three,+ jugum, yoke), + -atel. In bot., having three pairs of leaflets or pinnæ (said of leaf or frond); arranged in three pairs (said of the parts themselves). trijugous (trij'o-gus or tri-jö'gus), a. [< L. tri- jugus, triple-yoked, threefold, <tres (tri-), three, +jugum, yoke.] In bot., same as trijugate. trijunction (tri-jungk'shon), n. [<L. tres (tri-), three, junctio(n-), junction.] The junction of three things. An exact Map of all the Province of Attica, trigonomet rically surveyed. = gonon. J. Stuart and N. Revett (Ellis's Lit. Letters, p. 383). trigonometry (trig-o-nom'e-tri), n. [= F. trigonométrie Sp. trigonometria Pg. It. trigonometria, NL. *trigonometria, Gr. piywvov, a It is a great convenience to have the trijunction of Tibet, triangle, uerpia, μéтpov, measure.] The India, and Burma focussed within the four corners of a mathematical doctrine of the calculation of the map. Athenæum, Jan. 29, 1887, p. 164. angles, sides, and areas of triangles, plane and trilabe (tri'lāb), n. [ Gr. Tpeis (Tpl-), three,+ spherical, together with that of other quanti- λaßh, hold, handle, außáve (Vaẞ), take.] ties intimately related to those. Trigonometry A three-pronged surgical instrument for taking embraces also goniometry, or the elementary foreign bodies and small calculi from the bladtheory of singly periodic functions. der. It is so made that the prongs can be moved as detrigonon (tri-go'non), n. [Gr. Tpiywvov, a tri-sired after the instrument is in position. angle, a musical instrument so called: see tri- trilabiate (tri-la bi-at), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, gon1.] Same as trigon1, 3 (a). + labium, lip.] Three-lipped; having three Female players on the flute, the cithern, and the tri-lips: used in zoology and in botany. C. O. Müller, Manual of Archæol. (trans.), § 425. trilaminar (tri-lam'i-när), a. [< L. tres (tri-), trigonotype (trig'o-no-tip), n. [Gr. Tpiywvov, and anat., having three lamina, lamellæ, or laythree, lamina, plate: see laminar.] In zool. a triangle,+Tos, type.] A trigonal trape- ers; three-layered, as a germ-that is, consisttrigonous (trig'o-nus), a. [<LL. trigonus, Gr. ing of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Tpiywvos, three-cornered, triangular: see tri- trilaminate (tri-lam'i-nāt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), gon1.] 1. Same as trigonal.-2. In bot., three- three, + lamina, plate: see laminate.] In zool. angled; having three prominent longitudinal and bot., consisting of three laminae or layers; angles, as a stem or an ovary. Also trigonal, trilateral (tri-lat'e-ral), a. [<F. trilatéral (cf. trigonum (tri-go'num), n. L. <Gr. Tpiywvov, a triangle: see trigon1.] In anat., trilatère), <LL. trilaterus, three-sided, < L. tres a triangular space or area. Specifically-(a) The tri-), three, + latus (later-), side: see lateral.] trigonal space or area at the base of the urinary bladder, Having three sides. whose apex is at the beginning of the urethra, and whose trilaterality (tri-lat-e-ral'i-ti), n. [< trilateral other two angles are at the points of entrance of the ureters +ity. The character of being trilateral. into the bladder: more fully called trigonum vesicæ. (b) A triangular depressed space between the pulvinar and Triangle, [distinguished] from every other class of the peduncle of the pineal body: more fully called trigomathematical figures by the single character of trilaterality. num habenula.-Trigonum acustici, a triangular area Day, Rhetoric, p. 85. on the floor of the fourth ventricle, just laterad of the ala trilaterally (tri-lat'e-ral-i), adv. With three sides. zohedron. See tetartohedrism. trilaminar. cinerea, and inside the restiform tract: the stria acustica Trilater
trilithon trilemma (tri-lem'ä), n. [NL., <Gr. rpeis (TPI-), triletto (tri-let'to), n. [It., dim. of trillo: see trill2.] In music, a short trill. trilinear (tri-lin'e-är), a. [<L. tres (tri-), three, + linea +-ars (cf. linear).] Composed or consisting of three lines.-Trilinear coördinates. See coördinate.
trilineate (tri-lin'ē-āt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, linea, line, +-atel.] In zool., having three colored lines, generally longitudinal ones.
trilingual (tri-ling'gwal), a. [Cf. F. Sp. Pg. It. trilingue; L. trilinguis, in three languages, <tres (tri-), three, + lingua, language: see lingual.] Consisting of or expressed in three languages.
The much-noted Rosetta stone. . bears upon its surface a trilingual inscription. Is. Taylor. trilinguar (tri-ling'gwär), a. Same as trilingual. Trilisa (tril'i-sä), n. [NL. (Cassini, 1818): an anagram of Liatris.] A genus of composite plants, of the tribe Eupatoriacea and subtribe Adenostyleæ. It is distinguished from the related genus Liatris by its broad corymbose panicle of small flowerheads, with their membranous involucral bracts forming only two or three rows and but slightly unequal. The 2 species are both natives of North America, growing in damp pine-barrens from Virginia south and west. They are erect perennials with alternate entire clasping leaves, those from the root very much elongated. T. (Liatris) odoratissima is known as wild vanilla (which see, under vanilla), and is also called deer's-tongue. triliteral (tri-lit'e-ral), a. and n. [< L. tres I. a. Consisting of three letters, as a word or (tri-), three, + litera, littera, letter: see literal.] syllable; also, of or pertaining to what consists of three letters.
trill trill1+ (tril), v. [Early mod. E. also tril, tryll; <ME. trillen, tryllen, Dan. trille, roll, trundle (trille, a disk, trillebör, wheelbarrow), Sw. trilla, roll (trilla, a roller); cf. troll. The word has been more or less confused with thrill and drill (to which its resemblance appears to be accidental), and with trill2.] I. trans. 1. To turn round rapidly; twirl; whirl. Trille this pin, and he wol vanishe anon. Chaucer, Squire's Tale, 1. 328. I tryll a whirlygig round aboute. Je pirouette. I holde the a peny that I wyll tryll my whirlygig longer about than thou shalte do thyne. Palsgrave, p. 762.
The sundrie sodaine smartes
2. To roll to and fro; rock.
git myzt the mylde may among Her cradel trille to and fro, And syng, Osye, thi song!
3. To throw; cast. I Tryll. Jejecte. 4. To pour out.
Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., VI. 166). (Davies.) Palsgrave, p. 762. Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.), p. 213. trilling (tril'ing), n. [<L. tres (tri-), three, + E. Pg. trillião, It. trillione, < L. tres (tri-), three. Cf. million.] In the original and most = ... If it [the tennis-ball] trille fast on the grounde, and he systematic sense, sometimes called English one French writer, Nicolas Chuquet, mentions them as early as 1484, in a book not printed until 1881. The Ital- ians had, besides, another system of numeration, proceed- ing by powers of a thousand. The French, who, like other northern peoples, took most if not all their knowledge of modern or Arabic arithmetic from the Italians, early con- founded the two systems of Italian numeration, counting in powers of a thousand, but adopting the names which properly belong to powers of a million. The result has been that the names billion, trillion, etc., have, owing to their ambiguity, been almost discarded. A triliar, or a thousand millions, is called a milliard by bankers, and when a name for a thousand milliards comes to be wanted it is probable that some other augmentative form will be borrowed from the Italian or Spanish. Compare billion. trillionth (trilʼyonth), a. and n. [< trillion + -th2.] I. a. 1. Being last in order of a series of a trillion.-2. Being one of a trillion parts. II. n. One of a trillion parts; the quotient of unity divided by a trillion. Trillium (tril'i-um), n. late [NL. (Linnaeus, 1753), so called with ref. to the numerical symmetry in threes; L. tres (tri-), three: see three.] 1. A genus of liliaceous plants, of the tribe Medcoleæ. It is characterized by a solitary flower, usually with the three outer segments green and herbaceous, and the three inner segments larger, colored, and withering-persistent. There are about 15 species, 14 of which are natives of North America; 2 occur in Asia from the Himalayas to Japan. They are singular and attractive plants with a short, thick, fleshy rootstock (see cut under rhizome) producing a low unbranched erect stem terminated by a whorl of three broad deep-green leaves, each with three to five nerves, and also finely netted-veined. From their center rises the sessile or pedicelled flower, either reddish, purple, white, or greenish, with a large three-celled and three- to six- angled ovary bearing three slender spreading stigmas, and becoming in fruit an ovoid reddish berry. The contrast presented by the colored petals and prominent green sep- als is an unusual one in the order, but it disappears in T. Govanianum and in T. viridescens (now esteemed a va- riety of T. sessile), in which the perianth-segments are all colored alike. They are known by the generic name, and as three-leafed nightshade, the white species also as wake- robin, white bath, birthroot, and in the West as wood-lily. T. erectum, the purple trillium, a strong-scented species, is also known locally as Indian balm, Indian shamrock, and nose-bleed. Of the 7 species in the northeastern United States, 3 produce white and 3 dull-purple flowers; in one, T. erythrocarpum, the painted trillium, the white petals are beautifully marked with deep-red lines. Two species of North Carolina, T. pusillum and T. stylosum, bear respec- tively flesh-colored and rose-colored flowers. The large handsome white petals turn rose-color in T. grandiflorum of the Eastern and Central States, and in its Californian 2. [1. c.] A plant of the above genus.
That thike con trylle on vcha tynde [branch], Wyth schymerynge schene ful schrylle thay schynde. Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), i. 78. 3. To roll down, as water; trickle. With many a teare trilling [var. triklyng] on my cheke. Chaucer, Summoner's Tale, 1. 156. From these hie hilles as when a spring doth fall, It trilleth downe with still and suttle course. Wyatt, Comparison of Love to a Stream. A cold sweat trills down o'er all my limbs. Dryden, Tempest, ii. 4. trill2 (tril), v. [= D. trillen = MHG. trillieren, G. trillern, dial. trillen - Dan. trille, < F. triller It. trillare (ML. trillare) (cf. Sp. Pg. trinar),trill, quaver; prob. intended as imitative; cf. ML. trillare, explained in a German gloss as tryllsingen als triltril." Hence, by variation, thrill2. Cf. trill1.] I, intrans. 1. To sound with = "" tremulous vibrations.
For her tender Brood Tears her own bowells, trilleth out her blood To heal her young. lon
To judge of trilling notes and tripping feet. Dryden. Thro' my very heart it thrilleth When from crimson-threaded lips Silver-treble laughter trilleth. Tennyson, Lilian. 2. To sing in a quavering manner; specifically, to execute a shake or trill. I do think she will come to sing pretty well, and to trill II. trans. 1. To sing in a quavering or trem- ulous manner; pipe.
While in our shades, And the night-sparrow trills her song All night with none to hear.
6479 trillibub (tril'i-bub), n. [Also trillabub; early There cannot be an ancient tripe or trillibub in the town but thou art straight nosing it. B. Jonson, Bartholomew Fair, i. 1. I forgive thee, and forget thy tricks And trillabubs, and will swear to love thee heartily. Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2.
Bryant, Hunter's Serenade. 2. To pronounce with a quick vibration of the tongue; roll, as the sound of r. trill2 (tril), n. [= F. trille = It. trillo; from the verb.] 1. A quavering, tremulous sound; a rapid, trembling series or succession of tones; a warbling.
trillichan (tril’i-ċhạn), n. [< Gael. trilleachan,
Within my limits lone and still T. Warton, Inscription in a Hermitage. 2. In music, same as shake, 5; also, formerly, the effect now called the vibrato.
I have often pitied, in a winter night, a vocal musician, Burns, To J. Smith. 3. A consonant pronounced with a trilling sound, as r.-Passing trill, in music, a melodic embellishment consisting of a rapid alternation of a principal tone with the next tone above.-Prepared trill. See prepare.
trilobite Myself humming to myself... the trillo, and found by use that it do come upon me. Pepys, Diary, I. 198. Addison, The Guardian, No. 134. Pointed windows with elaborate tracery.
A very pretty flower which we began to meet well up on the mountain-side was the painted trillium, the petals white, veined with pink.
trillabubt (tril'a-bub), n. See trillibub.
J. Burroughs, The Century, XXXVI. 613.
trilobated or Amer. Jour. Archæol., VI. 594.
Trilobate Leaf of Ipomea Learii.
trilobed (tri'löbd), a. [<L. tres (tri-), three, + E. lobe +-ed2] Same as trilobate. Trilobita (tri-lō-bi'tä), n. pl. [NL.: see trilo- bite.] An ordinal group of articulated animals which existed in the Paleozoic period, and have been extinct since the close of the Carbonifer- the trilo- ous; bites. See trilo- bite. The name is fixed, but the taxo- nomic value of the group has been dis- cussed, and its sys- tematic position much disputed. It has usually been con- sidered crustacean, sometimes arachni- dan, and again inter- mediate between The these classes.Trilobita are obvious- ly related to the Eu- rypterida (see cut there), and it is con- ceded by all that their nearest living repre- sentatives are the horseshoe-crabs (Li- mulidæ). Their rela- tionship with isopods has been specially noted by various nat- uralists, and they have even been in-
crustaceans, named Gigantostraca and Palæocarida, has been characterized to include the Trilobita with the eurypterids and limulids. (See also Merostomata (c).) The known forms of Trilobita are very numerous. Also, rarely and more correctly, Trilobitæ. trilobite (tri'lō-bit), n. [< Gr. Tрεis (Tρ-), three, +λoßós, a lobe, +-ite2.] Any member of the Trilobita: so called from the three lobes or main divisions of the body-cephalic, thoracic, and abdominal. See Trilobita. Trilobites are of much popular as well as scientific interest; some of them occur in profusion in Paleozoic formations, and trilobites as a group are among the longest and most widely known of fossils, not yet entirely divested of a problematical character. In the Linnean system all of the few forms then known were considered one species, named Entomolithus paradoxus, and a sort of likeness to chitons caused Latreille to range these organisms near those mollusks. Trilobites are the most characteristic fossils of their class throughout the Paleozoic rocks. More than 500 species have been described, and upward of 70 genera have been named and referred to several higher groups. Upward of 300 species, of about 50 genera, mostly of the Cambrian and Silurian, are described as British; 350 species, of 42 genera, are recorded from the lower Paleozoic rocks of Bohemia; the Devonian forms are comparatively few; and the series closes with some small Carboniferous species, mostly of two genera. The oldest genus is named Agnostus. Some of the trilobites are of comparatively gigantic size, as species of Paradoxides, 2 feet long. An ordinary trilobite, a species of Dalmanites, is figured above. The body of a trilobite is generally of a flattened oval figure, whose upper side presents, besides the obvious transverse division into three parts, a median longitudinal elevation from one end to the other. The head, composed of several coalesced segments, and presenting certain sutures, constitutes a cephalic shield rounded in front, with an axial raised section, the glabellum, on each side of which are large compound eyes (not unlike those of the horseshoe-crab), and whose lateral limbs or borders are prolonged backward to a varying distance on each side of the thorax (in some cases produced beyond all the rest of the body). The second division of the body consists of a varying number (up to twenty-six) of separate thoracic segments, which were more or less freely movable upon one another, so that some trilobites could roll themselves up in a ball, like a sowbug (isopod) of the present day. The raised axis of the thoracic division is the tergum, and [< It. trillo, trill: see trill2, n.] parts on each side of it are the pleura. The third division Blount, Glossographia (1656). of the body is the abdomen or pygidium, of a variable number (up to twenty-eight) of segments, in general re
Diagram of Dalmanites, showing structure of Trilobita.
trilobite sembling the thoracic segments, and with an axial raised portion, but united together. Of the under surface of a trilobite almost nothing was known until recently, and much still remains to be accurately determined. A well developed lip-plate or hypostome had been recognized, but nothing further was known until 1870, when the under side of a species of Asaphus, showing indistinct appendages, was described by Billings. Other investigators have pursued this subject, by means of sections of fossils, with the result of showing the presence of articulated appendages, or legs, and of other organs regarded as gills. The embryology of trilobites, so far as known, agrees most nearly with what has been accurately determined in the case of the horseshoe-crab. What may be inferred of the mode of life of trilobites is that probably their habits were like those of these crabs.-Dudley trilobite, a common name of the trilobite Calymene blumenbachi: so called from its abundance in the vicinity of Dudley, England. trilobitic (tri-lo-bit'ik), a. [< trilobite +-ic.] Of or pertaining to trilobites; having the character of trilobites or affinity with them; containing trilobites, as geological strata. trilocular (tri-lok'u-lär), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, loculus, cell," + -ar3.] Having three cells or compartments. Specifically-(a) In bot., having three cells or loculi: noting a pericarp. (b) In anat. and zool., having three loculi, compartments, or chamberlets: as, the trilocular heart of a reptile. Also triloculate. triloculate (tri-lok'u-lāt), a. [K L. tres (tri-), three, loculus, cell, + -ate1.] Same as trilocular.
trilogy (tril'o-ji), n. [= F. trilogie, < Gr. Tplhoyía, a series of three tragedies, < Tpεis (TPL-), three,+2óyos, a tale, story, narrative, speech, <éyew, say, tell: see logos, and cf. -ology.] Originally, in the Greek drama, a series of three tragedies, each forming a complete part or stage in a historical or poetical narrative; hence, any literary, dramatic, or operatic work consisting of a sequence of three parts, each complete and independent save in its relation to the general theme. Thus, the name trilogy is given to Shakspere's "Henry VI.," and to Schiller's "Wallenstein."
= Trilophodon (tri-lof'o-don), n. [NL. (Falconer), Gr. Tpeis (Tp-), three, +2ópos, ridge, erest, + οδούς (οδοντ-) E. tooth.] A genus of mastodons whose molar teeth have crests in three rows. See Mastodontinæ. trilophodont (tri-lof'o-dont), a. [< NL. Trilophodon(t-).] Having three crests, as the teeth of certain mastodons; belonging or related to the genus Trilophodon. trilost (tri'lost), n. [Corn. trilost, <_tri (= W. tri), three, lost (= W. llost), tail.] A term occurring only in the name cardinal trilost, used locally in Cornwall for a sting-ray (Trygon pastinaca) having two spines on the tail. triluminart (tri-lū'mi-när), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + lumen (-in-), light, + -ar3. Cf. ML. triluminare, a candlestick with three branches.] Having three lights. Bailey, 1727. triluminoust (trī-lū'mi-nus), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three,+ lumen (-in-), light, +-ous.] Same as triềuminar. Bailey, 1727.
trim (trim), a. [Early mod. E. also trimme, trym, trymme; an altered form, after the verb, of *trum, < ME. trum (only in comp. mistrum, untrum), <AS. trum, firm, strong, OLG. trim, in the deriv. betrimmed, betrimmd, decked, trimmed, adorned, trimmke, an affected, overdressed person; root unknown.] 1. Firm; strong. It taketh no rote in a briery place, ne in marice, nether in the sande that fleeteth awaye, but it requireth a pure, a trymme, and a substaunciall grounde. J. Udall, On Jas. i. 2. In good order or condition; properly disposed, equipped, or qualified; good; excellent; fine: often used ironically.
Thirteene trim barkes throughlie furnished and appointed with good mariners and men of warre. Holinshed, Chron., Edw. III., an. 1372. I, be Gis, twold be trim wether, And if it were not for this mist. Mariage of Witt and Wisdome. (Nares, under gis.) A trim exploit, a manly enterprise, To conjure tears up in a poor maid's eyes With your derision! Shak., M. N. D., iii. 2. 157. The Dr. gave us a sermon this morning, in an elegant and trim discourse on the 39th Psalm. Evelyn, To Dr. Bentley.
3. Neat; spruce; smart. I will make thee trim With flowers and garlands that were meant for him. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iii. 1. He put his hand around her waste Soe small, so tight, and trim. Robin Hood and the Tanner's Daughter (Child's Ballads, [V. 335). But there were trim, cheerful villages, too, with neat or handsome parsonage and gray church set in the midst. George Eliot, Felix Holt, Int. trim (trim), adv. [Early mod. E. also trimme; <trim, a.] In a trim manner; trimly.
6480 Young Adam Cupid, he that shot so trim
trim (trim), v.; pret. and pp. trimmed, ppr. trimming. [Early mod. E. also trimme, trymme; < ME. trimen, trymen, trumen, < AS. trymian, trymman, make firm, strengthen, also set in order, array, prepare, <trum, firm, strong: see trim, a.] I. trans. 1. To set in order; put in order; adjust; regulate; dispose.
Beyng ryght wery of that Jorney, ffor the bestys that we rode vpon [were] ryght weke and ryght simple, and evyll trymed to Jorney with. Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 55. Andrea Bragadino. had charge on that part of the castle, trimming and digging out new flanckers for the better defence of the Arsenall.
Hakluyt's Voyages, II. i. 122. Back to my lonely home retire, And light my lamp, and trim my fire. Scott, Marmion, ii., Int. You don't care to be better than a bird trimming its feathers, and pecking about after what pleases it. George Eliot, Felix Holt, x. 2. Naut., to adjust or balance, as a ship or boat, by distributing the weight of the lading so equally that it shall sit well on the water. A vessel is said to be trimmed by the head or by the stern respectively when the weight is so disposed as to make it draw more water toward the head than toward the stern, or the reverse.
serves for ballast on these occasions. With all hands she did lighten her sterne, and trimme her head. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 448. My old friend . . . seated himself, and trimmed the boat with his coachman, who, being a very sober man, always Addison, Spectator, No. 383. Trim the Boat and sit quiet, stern Charon reply'd. Prior, Bibo and Charon. 3. To fit out; equip; furnish, especially with clothes; hence, to dress; deck: sometimes with up or forth.
I trymme, as a man dothe his heare or his busshe. Trymme my busshe, barber, for I intende to go amongest ladyes to day. Palsgrave, p. 762. Before I went to bed, the barber come to trim me and wash me, and so to bed, in order to my being clean to-morrow. Pepys, Diary, I. 187. She inquired when the gardener was to come and trim the borders, Charlotte Brontë, Shirley, vii. 6. To cut off in the process of bookbinding: said of the ragged edges of paper or the bolts of booksections.-7. To remove by clipping, pruning, or paring; lop or cut: with off or away: as, to trim off shoots from a hedge.-8. In carp., to dress, as timber; make smooth; fit.-9. To rebuke; reprove sharply; also, to beat; thrash: sometimes indelicately applied to a woman. Compare untrimmed, 2. [Colloq.]
He who would hear what ev'ry fool cou'd say, Would never fix his thought, but trim his time away. Dryden. Rough-trimmed, having only the protruding parts of leaves cut off, but not cut smooth said of the edges of books. To trim the shore, to follow the shore closely said of a school of fish.-To trim the yards or sails, to brace the yards so that the wind will strike the sails at the suitable angle.-To trim up, to put in order; arrange; garnish, as a costume or any part of it.-Trimmed edges, the edges of books whose leaves are cut off smoothly. =Syn. 1. To arrange.-3 and 4. To adorn, garnish, array, trick out.
Trimera He commends Atticus for his Trimming, and Tully for his Cowardise, and speaks meanly of the Bravery of Cato. Jeremy Collier, Short View (ed. 1698), p. 195.
II. intrans. To keep an even balance; hold a middle course or position, especially in a contest between parties, so as to seem to incline to neither, or to both alike: from the nautical meaning. See I., 2.
He trimmed, as he said, as the temperate zone trims between intolerable heat and intolerable cold-as a good government trims between despotism and anarchy-as a pure church trims between the errors of the Papists and those of the Anabaptists. Macaulay, Sir W. Temple. To trim sharp (naut.), to haul up to the wind, and brace the yards sharp.
The Harte, vice admiralle, with the Paunce and Sir Andrewe Dudley, being but single manned, had a greate conflicte with three Scottishe shippes, beeyng double manned and trimmed with ordinaunce. Fabyan, Chron., an. 1546. Trimm'd like a younker prancing to his love. Shak., 3 Hen VI., ii. 1. 24. See, the jolly clerk Appears, trimm'd like a ruffian. Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 4. 4. Specifically, to embellish with ornaments; decorate, as with ribbons, fringe, etc. Who reades Plutarchs eyther historie or philosophy, 5. Nature; character; sort; stamp. shall finde hee trymmeth both theyr garments with gards And they of Poesie. Sir P. Sidney, Apol. for Poetrie, p. 59. The Lady Mayoress was dressed in green velvet, lined with white satin, trimmed with gold fringe and a border of Brussels lace. First Year of a Silken Reign, p. 69. 5. To reduce to a neat or orderly state, as by clipping, paring, pruning, lopping, or otherwise removing superfluous or disfiguring parts.
The next Morning we again trimm'd sharp, and made the best of our way to the Lobos de la Mar. Dampier, Voyages, L. 145. trim (trim), n. [<trim, v.] 1. Adjustment; order; condition; arrangement. And tooke them in the trim Of an encounter. Chapman, Iliad, v. 565. Ere dusk fires were lit up stairs and below, the kitchen was in perfect trim; Hannah and I were dressed, and all was in readiness. Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, xxxiv. 2. Naut., the state of a ship, or of her cargo, ballast, spars, etc., with reference to her fitness for sailing.
A nobler ship did never swim, And you shall see her in full trim: I'll set, my friends, to do you honor, Set every inch of sail upon her. Wordsworth, The Wagoner, ii. We... prepared to get everything in trim for a long stay. R. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 301. When they had trimmed, but not yet with the capstan, Arents called to the captain, who returned an answer implying that the ship had come up again, and that the trim as it was would serve. W. C. Russell, Death Ship, xxiii. 3. Mode of appearance or equipment; guise; garb; especially, the becoming or prescribed mode of dress, ornament, etc.; the fashion; full dress; of a ship, full sail.
I'd court Bellona in her horrid trim, As if she were a mistress.
Massinger, Bondman, i. 1. Dryden, Pal. and Arc., i. 540. "First we must put you in trim.' "In trim!" said Morton, "what do you mean?" "Why, we must put on these rough bracelets [handcuffs]." Scott, Old Mortality, xii. 4t. Dress; trapping; ornament.
Death himself in all his horrid trims. Fletcher, Bonduca, iv. 3. Virtue, though in rags, may challenge more Than vice set off with all the trim of greatness. Massinger, Bondman, v. 3.
Did all that men of their own trim
"Why, kings are kittle cattle to shoe behind, as we say trim, and I have not the least doubt that the matter is in the north," replied the Duke; "but his wife knows his "" quite certain.' Scott, Heart of Mid-Lothian, xxxviii. 6. In carp., the visible woodwork or finish of a house, as the base-boards, door- and windowcasings, etc.
No wood having been used in construction except for floors, doors, and trim. New York Evening Post, April 14, 1884. Out of trim, not in good order; not evenly balanced: specifically said of a vessel with reference to uneven stowage of her cargo.-Trim of the masts (naut.), the position of the masts in regard to the ship and to one another, as near or distant, far forward or aft, upright or raking. trimacular (tri-makʼu-lär), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three,+ macula, spot, +-ar3.] Same as trimaculated. Encyc. Dict. trimaculated (trī-makʼū-lā-ted), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + macula, spot, + -atel + -ed2. Cf. trammel.] Marked with three spots. Trimaculated Wrasse; On each side of the lower part of the back fin were two large spots, and between the fin and the tail another. Pennant, Brit. Zoöl. (ed. 1776), III. 248. trimastigate (trī-mas'ti-gāt), a. [< Gr. τρεῖς (7p-), three, + μáσriš (μaorty-), whip, scourge, +-ate1.] Having three flagella, as an infusorian; triflagellate. trimembral (tri-memʼbral), a. [<LL. trimembris (Sp. It. trimembre), having three sets of limbs, triple-membered, ‹ L. tres (tri-), three, + membrum, member: see member.] Having or consisting of three members. trimenstret, a. [ME. trymenstre for *trimestre, < L. trimestris, of three months: see trimester.] Trimestrial; specifically, ripening three months after sowing.
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Trimera division of Coleoptera, including those beetles whose tarsi have normally three joints apiece. Also called Pseudotrimera. See cut under ladybird. Compare Tetramera and Pentamera, and see tarsal system (under tarsal). (b) A section of the hymenopterous family Chalcididæ, including the forms with three-jointed tarsi. They all belong to the subfamily Trichogramminæ. See cut under Trichogramma. Förster, 1856. trimeran (trim'e-ran), a. and n. [< trimer-ous + -an.] I. a. În ëntom., same as trimerous, 2. II. n. A trimerous insect; any member of the Trimera, in either sense. trimerite (trim'e-rit), n. [< Gr. τрiμɛphs, having three parts (see trimerous), + -ite2.] A rare mineral consisting of the silicates of beryllium, manganese, and calcium. It occurs in prismatic crystals of hexagonal form, but shown optically to be twins of three triclinic individuals. It is intermediate in form between the manganese silicate (tephroite) and the beryllium silicate (phenacite), and is also related to trimerous (trim'e-rus), a. [< NL. *trimerus, <Gr. Tрiuephs, having three parts, tripartite, threefold, rpεis (Tρi-), three,+ μépos, a part.] 1. In bot., of three members; having the parts or members three in each cycle. Frequently written 3-merous.-2. In entom.: (a) Divided into three joints; having three segments, as the tarsus of a beetle, thus: . (b) Having the tarsi normally three-jointed, as a beetle; of or pertaining to the Trimera. Also trimeran.Trimerous thorax, a thorax distinctly divided into three rings, as in most Neuroptera. Kirby. trimester (tri-mes'ter), n. [=F.trimestre Sp. It. trimestre, L. trimestris, of three months, tres (tri-), three, + mensis, month: see month. Cf. semester.] Aterm or period of three months. Imp. Dict. trimestral (tri-mesʼtral), a. [< L. trimestris (see trimester) + -al.] Same as trimestrial. Diurnal, hebdomadal, monthly or trimestral. Southey, The Doctor, ccx. the latter in form. ―――
trimetric (tri-metʼrik), a. [< Gr. τрíμετрos, containing three measures (see trimeter), + -ic.] 1. Same as trimeter. Amer. Jour. Philol., X. 224.-2. In crystal., same as orthorhombic, 2. trimetrical (tri-met'ri-kal), a. [< trimetric + -al.] Same as trimeter." Imp. Dict. trimly (trim'li), adv. [< trim + -ly2.] In a trim manner; neatly; finely; well.
To ioyne learnyng with cumlie exercises, Conto Baldefor Castiglione, in his booke, Cortegiane, doth trimlie teache. Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 66. This spruce young guest, so trimly drest. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 227. trimmer (trim'èr), n. [< trim + -er1.] 1. One who or that which trims, in any sense of the word. (a) One who arranges or disposes; one who puts or keeps in place: as, a grain-trimmer.
The coal handling plant... may be resolved into three parts: The elevators, which discharge the boats, emptying them of their cargo; the trimmers, which take the coal from the elevators and deposit it upon the heaps; and finally the reloaders. Sci. Amer., N. S., LXII. 360. (b) One who adjusts as to poise or balance.
6481 trindle nature, that thorough trimmer of balances? Who knows but what I might have yielded to the law of trimorphic (tri-môr'fik), a. [<trimorph-ous + -ic.] Same as trimorphous. Darwin. trimorphism (tri-môr'fizm), n. [<trimorph-ous + -ism.] 1. In crystal., the property of crys- tallizing in three fundamentally different forms. Titanium dioxid, TiO2, is an example of trimorphism. In one form it is the mineral octahedrite or anatase; in an- other, rutile; in a third, brookite. 2. In biol., existence under three distinct forms. It is not rare among insects.
R. D. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, 1. (c) One who finishes with trimming; one who decorates or embellishes: as, a coat-trimmer; a bonnet-trimmer. (d) One who cuts, clips, prunes, or pares; specifically, in old use, a barber.
At the going out of the halls which belong to the ladies' lodgings were the perfumers and trimmers, through whose hands the gallants past when they were to visit the ladies. Urquhart, tr. of Rabelais, i. 55.
The innocent word trimmer signifies no more than this: That if men are together in a boat, and one part of the commake it lean down as much to the contrary; it happens pany should weigh it down on one side, another would there is a third opinion, of those who conceive it would do as well if the boat went even without endangering the passengers.
mer. Marquis of Halifax, Character of a Trimmer, Pref. He who perseveres in error without flinching gets the credit of boldness and consistency, while he who wavers in seeking to do what is right gets stigmatized as a trimIrving, Knickerbocker, p. 270. 3. In arch., a piece of timber inserted in a roof, floor, wooden partition, or the like to support the ends of any of the joists, rafters, etc. See cut under joist.-4. One who chastises or reprimands; a sharp, severe person; a strict disciplinarian; also, that by which a reprimand or chastisement is administered; hence, in general, something decisive; a settler. [Colloq.]
I will show you his last epistle, and the scroll of my answer-egad, it is a trimmer! Scott, Antiquary, xi. You've been spelling some time for the rod, And your jacket shall know I'm a Trimmer. Hood, Trimmer's Exercise. Bent trimmer, tailors' shears bent at the handle to facilitate the work of cutting cloth on a table. trimming (trim'ing), n. [Verbal n. of trim, v.] 1. The act of one who trims, in any sense. Sudden death hath in it great inconveniences accidentally to men's estates, to the settlement of families, to the culture and trimming of souls.
Jer. Taylor, Holy Dying, iv. 5. All the trimming he has used towards the court and Nobles has availed him nothing. Jefferson, To John Jay (Jefferson's Correspondence, II. 487). 2. Specifically, a dressing; a sharp scolding; a drubbing or thrashing. [Colloq.]
Young Branghton . . . was again himself, rude and familiar; while his mouth was wide distended into a broad grin at hearing his aunt give the beau such a trimming. Miss Burney, Evelina, xlvii.
3. Anything used for decoration or finish; an ornamental fitting of any sort: usually in the plural: as, the trimmings of a harness or of a hat. His sheepskin gown had a broad border of otter fur, and on his head was a blue cloth cap with sable trimmings. The Century, XLI. 602.
4. Hence, any accessory or accompaniment: usually in the plural. [Colloq.]
Whenever I ask a couple of dukes and a marquis or so to dine with me, I set them down to a piece of beef, or a leg of mutton and trimmings.
Thackeray, Book of Snobs, XX. Champion, by acclamation of the College heavy-weights, broad-shouldered, bull-necked, square-jawed, six feet and trimmings. O. W. Holmes, Professor, iii. trimming-board (trim'ing-bōrd), n. A flat surface of hard wood on which paper is laid to be trimmed by the bookbinders' knife. trimming-joist (trim'ing-joist), n. In carp., one of two joists into which the ends of a timber trimmer are framed. See cut under joist. trimmingly (trim'ing-li), adv. In the manner of a trimmer; with or by trimming. trimming-machine (trim'ing-ma-shen"), In sheet-metal work, a lathe for forming and finishing the edges of sheet-metal pans and other hollow ware.-2. In shoe-manuf., a machine for ornamenting and finishing the edges of upper-leathers. E. H. Knight. trimming-shear (trim'ing-sher), n. A machine for cutting the edges of mats of coir and other E. H. Knight. heavy material. trimness (trim'nes), n. The state or quality of being trim; compactness; neatness; snug 1. ness.
There are, also, cases of dimorphism and trimorphism, both with animals and plants. Thus, Mr. Wallace has shown that the females of certain species of butter. flies, in the Malayan archipelago, regularly appear under two or even three conspicuously distinct forms, not connected by intermediate varieties. Darwin.
3. In bot., the occurrence of three distinct forms of flowers or other parts upon the same plant, or upon plants of the same species. În trimorphous flowers there are three sets of stamens and pistils, which may be called respectively long-, middle-, and short-length, and in which the pollen from the long stamens is capable of fertilizing only the long-styled forms, the midlength stamens the mid-styled, etc. Compare dimorphism, and see heterogonous trimorphism, under heterogo nous.
trimorphous (tri-môr'fus), a. [< Gr. Tpiuoppos, having three Trimorphism in Flowers forms, rpeis, rpía (see tri-), three,+ opon, form.] Of or pertaining to, or characterized by, trimorphism; having three distinct forms. Some substances are stated to be even trimorphous, that is, they crystallize in three different systems.
W. A. Miller, Elem. of Chem., I. iii. 4.
trimtram+ (trimʼtram), n. [A varied reduplication of insignificant syllables; cf. flimflam, whimwham.] A trifle; an absurdity; a piece of folly or nonsense. Smollett, Sir Lancelot Greaves, xiii.
a, the long-styled form; b, the intermediate form; c, the short styled form; 5, style. The calyx and corolla have removed.
Our consciences, now quite unclogged from the fear of his [the Pope's] vain terriculaments and rattle-bladders, and from the fondness of his trimtrams and gugaws. Patton (Arber's Eng. Garner, III. 70). (tri-mör'ti), n. [Skt. trimurti, < tri, murti, shape.] The name of the later Hindu triad or trinity, Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva, viewed as an inseparable unity. The sectaries of Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva respectively make their god the original and supreme deity; but considered in their connection Brahma is the creating, Vishnu the preserving, and Siva the destroying principle of the deity, while Trimurti is the philosophical or theological unity which combines the three separate forms in one self-existent being. The Trimurti is represented symbolically as one body with three heads, Vishnu at the right, Siva at the left, and Brahma in the middle. trimyarian (trim-i-a'ri-an), a. and n. [< Gr. TOEIC (Tp-), three, + uus, a muscle, + -arian.] I. a. Having three muscular impressions or ciboria on the inner surface of the shell, as a bivalve mollusk: correlated with monomyarian, dimyarian, etc.
Times' Whistle (E. E. T. S.), p. 10. That far-beaming blaze of majesty, Wherewith he wont at Heaven's high council-table To sit the midst of Trinal Unity, He laid aside.
Milton, Nativity, 1. 11. trinary (tri'na-ri), a. [< ML. *trinarius (equiv. to L. ternarius: see ternary), < L. trini, three each, threefold: : see trine.] Consisting of three parts, or proceeding by threes; ternary.-Trinary proposition. See proposition. Trincomali-wood, n. See halmalille. trindle (trin'dl), n. [Early mod. E. also trindel; < ME. trindel; a var. of trendle, trundle.] 1. Something round or circular; a ball or hoop; a of a wheel. [Obsolete or prov. Eng. or Scotch.] wheel (especially of a wheelbarrow), or the felly
3. In bookbinding, one of several pieces of
His hevid trindeld on the sand. Iwain and Gawin, L. 3259 (Ritson's Metr. Rom., I.). I tryndell, as a boule or a stone dothe. Je roulle. Palsgrave, p. 762. 2. To move with an easy, rolling gait; bowl; trundle; trot.
Before the face [of a book] is cut, it is necessary to have There be of these Rogues Curtails, wearing short cloaks, measure. trundle.] I. intrans. 1. To roll.
To-warde the throne thay trone a tras. Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), i. 1112. trine2+, v. t. [ME. trinen for atrinen, < AS. athrinan, touch upon, touch, æt, at, on, + hrinan, touch: see rine2. For the apheresis, cf. twit, twite, for atwite.] To touch; handle; feel of.
= Alle hij were vnhardy that houede ther other stode, To touche hym other to tryne hym other to take hym doun and graue hym. Piers Plowman (C), xxi. 87. trines (trin), a. and n. [Formerly also (in heraldry) trian, trien; ME. trine, tryne F. trin, trine = Sp. Pg. It. trino, < L. trinus, threefold, pl. trini, three by three, three each, tres (tri-), three: see three.] I. a. 1. Threefold; triple: as, trine dimension (that is, length, breadth, and thickness).
Why, I saw this, and could have told you, too,
Fletcher (and others), Bloody Brother, iv. 2. Trine immersion or aspersion, the immersion or name of each person of the Trinity.
Appeare then, O thou treble Trine
The Eternal Love and Pees, nature, and satisfy the senses, the heart, and the mind. trine.
A single trine of brazen tortoises. 2. [cap.] Specifically, the Trinity. If a good Disputant, then, in the stead of finding out the Truth, with Truth I wrangle; Or, if into Arithmeticke incline,
In studying Number, I forget the Trine.
6482 The Sun in trine to Mars "cooperates to increase probity, industry, honour, and all laudable qualities." Zadkiel's Gram. of Astrol., p. 390.
Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 489.
The mighty Trine the triple empire shared. Dryden, Britannia Rediviva, 1. 33. 3. In astrol., the aspect of two planets distant from each other 120 degrees, or the third part of the zodiac. The trine was supposed to be a benign aspect.
By fortune he was now to Venus trined, II. intrans. To hang: in allusion to the triple tree-that is, the gallows. [Old cant.]
Fortunate aspects of trine and sextile, Ready to pour propitious influences.
One God, In Essence One, in Person Trinely-odde. trinerved (tri-nėrvd'), a. [< trinerve-ed2.] In bot. and entom., same as trinervate. Tringa (tring gä), n. [NL. (Linnæus), for* Tryn- gas, Gr. puyyas, a bird, the same as Túyapyos (see pygargue).] A genus of sandpipers, of the family Scolopacidæ. It was formerly very com- prehensive, embracing not only the sandpipers proper, but
Knot or Canute (Tringa canutus), in full plumage. all the short-billed scolapacines, including most tattlers or Tolanina. It is now restricted to such forms as the knot,
Tringeæ (trin'je-e), n. pl. [NL., Tringa + Tringidæt (trin'ji-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Tringa + -ide.] The sandpipers regarded as a family apart from Scolopacida. Tringinæ (trin-ji'nē), n. pl. [NL., < Tringa + -inæ.] The sandpipers as a subfamily of Sco- tringine (trin'jin), a. [< Tringa + -inc1.] Hay- lopacidæ. ing the character of a sandpiper; belonging to the Tringinæ or Tringeæ: distinguished from scolopacine and totanine. tringle (tring'gl), n. [< F. tringle (Genevese tringue), a curtain-rod, a lintel, reglet, OF. also a rod used in joining stones, a flat piece of wood; cf. ML. tarinca, an iron pin; Gael. tarung, ta- runn, a nail.] 1. A rod upon which rings may run, as for a curtain; hence, by extension, as such rods were commonly used for supporting bed-curtains, the strip, bar, or the like which joins the heads of high bedposts, and serves to support the canopy.-2. In gun., a ribbon or piece of wood nailed on the sides of a travers- ing-platform, to prevent the trucks from run- ning off in the recoil.-3. In arch., a little square molding or ornament, as a listel, reglet, or platband. tringlette (tring'glet), n. [Dim. of tringle.] A pointed stick used for opening the cames of fretwork and diamond-paned windows. E. H.
Tomkis (?), Albumazar, ii. 3. Knight.
trinity tringoid (tring'goid), a. [< Tringa + Gr. eidos, form.] Resembling the genus Tringa; like a larly called tringoid grouse. sandpiper. The Thinocorida have been singuTringoides (tring-goi'dez), n. [NL.(Bonaparte, 1831), Tringa + Gr. eidos, form.] A genus of small tattlers; the spotted sandpipers. Also called Actitis. The common sandpiper of Europe, etc., is T. hypoleucus; the spotted sandpiper of America, T. macularius. The latter is 7 or 8 inches long; the upper
Spotted Sandpiper (Tringoides macularius). parts are Quaker-color, finely marked with black; the the bill is pale-yellow, tipped with black, and the feet are under parts are white, crowded with round black spots; flesh-colored. This sandpiper abounds in suitable places throughout the United States, breeds at large in its North American range, and lays four eggs in a slight nest on the (from its cry), and teetertail, tilt-up, tip-up, from its habit ground. It is familiarly known as the sand-lark, peetweet of jetting the tail. Trinia (trin'i-ä), n. [NL. (Hoffman, 1814), named after Karl von Trinius (d. 1844), a botanist of St. Petersburg, and a writer upon grasses.] A genus of umbelliferous plants, of the tribe Ammineæ and subtribe Euammineæ. It is characterized by flowers with obsolete calyx-lobes, acute petals, and fruit with its ridges traversed by conspicuous oil-tubes. The 7 or 8 species are natives of the Mediterranean region and of temperate parts of Asia. They are smooth branching perennials with decompound leaves, and usually yellow dioecious flowers in compound umbels, with few rays, and few or no bracts and bractlets. T. vulgaris, see honewort. trinidadot, n. [So called from the island of Trinidad. See tobacco.] Trinidad tobacco. For
And make the fantastic Englishmen, above the rest, more cunning in the distinction of thy roll Trinidado, leaf, and pudding than the whitest-toothed blackamoor in all Asia. Dekker Gull's Hornbook, p. 31. Body o' me! here's the remainder of seven pound since yesterday was seven-night. 'Tis your right Trinidado. B. Jonson, Every Man in his Humour, iii. 2. Trinitarian (trin-i-ta'ri-an), a. and n. [< Trinity-arian.] I. a. 1. Pertaining to the Trinity: distinguished from Unitarian. --2. Pertainity or to Trinitarianism; believing in the Trining to the order of Trinitarians.
At the dissolution there were eleven Trinitarian houses in England, five in Scotland, and one ... in Ireland. Cath. Dict., p. 810. II. n. 1. One who believes the doctrine of the Trinity. See Trinity, 3.-2. A member of a monastic order founded at the close of the twelfth century for the purpose of redeeming chase. Also called Mathurin and redemptionist. Christian captives from Mohammedans by purTrinitarianism (trin-i-ta'ri-an-izm), n. [< Trinitarianism.] The doctrine of the Trinitarians. See Trinity, 3. trinitrate (tri-ni'trat), n. [< tri- nitrate.] A nitrate containing three nitric-acid radicals. -Trinitrate of glyceryl. Same as nitroglycerin. Same as nitroglycerin. trinitrin (tri-ni'trin), n. [< tri- + nitric + -in2.] trinitrobenzol (tri-ni-trō-benʼzol), n. = = [< tri+ nitric + benzol.] A substance, C6H3(NO2)32 prepared by the continued action of nitric acid on benzene, and convertible into picric acid by the action of a stronger oxidizing agent. trinity (trin'i-ti), n. [< ME. trinitee, trynite, OF. trinite, F. trinité: Pr. trinitat Sp. trinidad = Pg. trindade = It. trinità G. trinität = W. trindod = Ir. trionnoid: = Gael. trionaid, < LL. trinita(t-)s, the number three, a triad, in theol. the Trinity (the word in all senses being first found in Tertullian), < L. trinus, threefold, pl. trini, three by three: see trine3.] 1. The condition of being three; threeness.-2. A set or group of three; a triad; a trio; a trine. The world's great trinity, Pleasure, Profit, and Honor. Roger Williams. Son, and Holy Spirit-in one Godhead; the 3. [cap.] The union of three persons-Father, threefold personality of the one divine being. The statements of the doctrine of the Trinity in the creeds of Christendom are the result of attempts to reconcile
trinity the accepted teaching of Scripture (1), with reference to denborgians, who hold that "the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three essentials of one God, which make one, just as the soul, body, and operation make one in man"; while still others have used language in explanation of the Trinity which makes it, as thus explained, approach tritheism that is, the doctrine that there are three Gods. The received doctrine of the Christian church among Trinitarians may be fairly stated to be that we are taught by the Scriptures to believe that there is but one God, and yet three equal subjects in the one Godhead, who are described as persons, but that we are unable to determine in what sense these three are separate and in what sense they are united in one.
6483 trink2+ (tringk), n. [Origin obscure; Sp. trin- trinomial A small Sayle of a Shippe, called the Trinkette, or fore- Shippe.Minsheu (1617). Sir W. C. writes from Brussels that the French made account to have kept a brave Christmas here at London, and for that purpose had trussed up their trinkets half topmast high. Court and Times of Charles I., II. 208. trinket (tring'ket), n. [Appar. for *trinklet, < trinkle1 + -et; a var. of tricklet.] A streamlet. [Prov. Eng. and Irish.] Trinket. is used about Dublin, and also in the northern counties, with the sense of "a little stream or watercourse by the roadside.' N. and Q., 7th ser., VI. 372. trinketer (tring'ket-ér), n. [< trinket1 + -er1.] One who trinkets, traffics, or intrigues, or carries on secret petty dealing.
Milton. As for terms of trinity, triniunity, and the like, they reject them as scholastic notions not to be found in Scripture. trink1+ (tringk), n. [Prob. a var. of trick1, taken as the base of trinkery, trinket1. Cf. E. dial. trincums, trinkets.] A trick or fancy. [Rare.] Hiz beard smugly shaven; and yet his shyrt after the nu trink, with ruffs fayr starched, sleeked, and glistering like a payr of nu shooz. R. Laneham, Letter (1575), in J. Nichols's Progresses, [etc., of Queen Elizabeth, I. 460.
ITEM it is ordained, That the standing of Nets and En- by a certain Time in the Year, to great Posts, Boats, and Anchors, overthwart the River of Thames, and other Riv- ers of the Realm, . . . be wholly defended forever. Stat. 2 Hen. VI., xv. trinkeryt, a. [< trink1 + -ery (cf. trumpery, a.).] Ornamental.
Long for thee Princesse thee Moors gentilitye wayted, trinkette, trynket, trynkette, trenket; <ME. tryn- ket, trenket, trenkett, < OF. *trenquet, also assibi- lated trenchet, tranchet, a shoemakers' knife (= Sp. trinchete, a shoemakers' paring-knife, tran- chete, a shoemakers' heel-knife, a broad curved knife for pruning), < *trenquer, trencher, F. trancher, cut: see trench. The order of develop- ment seems to have been ‘knife,' ' ornamental knife,' 'any glittering ornament.' There may have been some confusion with the diff. word trinket2. Cf. trink1, trinkery.] 1t. A knife, espe- cially a shoemakers' knife. Cath. Ang., p. 392. Trenket, sowtarys knyfe. Prompt Parv., p. 502. Trenket, an instrument for a cordwayner-batton a torner. Palsgrave, p. 282.What husbandlie husbands, except they be fooles, But handsom have storehouse for trinkets and tooles? Tusser, Husbandry.
2. A trifling ornament; a jewel for personal
I have pullyd down the image of your lady at Caver- Letters relating to the Suppression of Monasteries, 1538 The same teachers with Christes doctrine mingled Jew- ishnes and supersticious philosophie,. honouring the sunne, the noone, and starres, with such other small trinkettes of this world. J. Udall, Colossians, Argument. I have sold all my trumpery; not a ribbon, glass, pomander, brooch, table-book, ballad, knife, tape, glove, shoe-tie, bracelet, horn-ring, to keep my pack from fast- ing: they throng' who should buy first, as if my trinkets had been hallowed, and brought a benediction to the buyer. Shak., W. T., iv. 4. 613. She wears more "jewelry," as certain young ladies call their trinkets, than I care to see.O. W. Holmes, Professor, i.
and not trinketed with the enemies of that and them front, and the Holy Spirit, in the form of a dove, resting trinket1 (tring'ket), v. i. [Formerly sometimes Had the Popish Lords stood to the interest of the Crown, Roger North, Examen, p. 63. (Davies.) phasized bosses or other ornaments. Such rings in bronze, trinityhood (trin'i-ti-hůd), n. [< trinity + -hood.] The state or character of being in a trinity. Westminster Rev., CXXVII. 200. [Rare.] triniunity+ (trin-i-u'ni-ti), n. [< L. trini, three each, triple (see trines), +unita(t-)s, unity: see unity.] Triunity; trinity. [Rare.]
trinket2+ (tringʻket), n. [Perhaps <W.tranced,
.. Trinket; a Porringer. Ray, Eng. Words (ed. 1691), p. 125. Mrs. Bargrave asked her whether she would drink some tea. Says Mrs. Veal, I do not care if I do; but I'll war- rant you, this mad fellow (meaning Mrs. Bargrave's hus- band) has broke all your trinkets. But, says Mrs. Bar- grave, I'll get something to drink in for all that. Defoe, True Relation of the Apparition of One Mrs. to One Mrs. Bargrave. [Veal. trinkets (tring'ket), n. [Also trinquet, trin- kette; <OF. trinquet, the bighest sail (Cotgrave), F. trinquet, foremast (in lateen-rigged vessels), trinquette, forestaysail, storm-jib, = Sp. trin- quete, foremast, foresail, trinket, also tennis (trinquetilla, forestaysail) (Newman), Pg. trinquete, trinket, = It. trinchetto, a topsail, etc.; perhaps orig. a 'three-cornered' sail, < L. triquetrus, three-cornered, triangular: see triquetrous. The nasalization may have been due to association with Sp. trincar, keep close to the wind (trincar los cabos, fasten the rope- ends), < trinca, a rope for lashing fast (see trink2).] A topsail; perhaps, originally, a la- teen sail carried on the foremast. =
I have possessed this honourable gentleman with the full injustice which he has done and shall do to his own soul, if he becomes thus a trinketer with Satan. Scott, Kenilworth, ix. trinketry (tring'ket-ri), n. [< trinket1 + -(e)ry.] Trinkets collectively.
The Moor, who had a little taste for trinketry, made out to get into his heap the most of the pearls and precious stones, and other baubles. Irving, Alhambra, p. 314. trinkle1 (tringʻkl), v. i.; pret. and pp. trinkled, ppr. trinkling. [late ME. trinklen; appar. a nasalized var. of trickle, prob. due to confusion with trintle, trindle.] 1. To trickle. Halliwell. [Obsolete or dialectal.]
Ouer all his body furth get the swete thik, Gavin Douglas, tr. of Virgil, p. 307. Lord Lovel (Child's Ballads, ii. 163). trinkle2 (tringʻkl), v. i.; pret. and pp. trinkled, ppr. trinkling. [A var. of tinkle.] 1. To tin- kle. [Rare.]
2. To tingle; throb; vibrate. [Scotch.] The main chance is in the north, for which our hearts are trinkling. Baillie's Letters, I. 445. (Jamieson.) trinkle3 (tring'kl), v. i.; pret. and pp. trinkled, ppr. trinkling. [Appar. a var. (if so, unusual) of trinket.] To treat underhand or secretly (with); tamper, as with the opinions of another. Halliwell. [Obsolete or prov. Eng.] discontented in were sus ... pected to have trinkled, at least with Holland, about raising seditions, and perhaps insurrections in England. Sir W. Temple, Works, II. 286.
trinoctial (tri-nok'shal), a. [< L. trinoctialis, three knots, tres (tri-), three, +nodus, knot, node.] 1. In bot., zool., and anat., having three nodes or joints, as a stem or the fingers; triar- ticulate.-2. In math., having three nodes. trinoda necessitas. [ML., threefold obliga- tion: ML. trinoda, fem. of *trinodus, threefold; L. necessitas, necessity, obligation.] In Anglo- Saxon law, the three services due to the king in respect of tenure of lands in England; ob- ligations of the military service incumbent on the fyrd, or body of freemen, and correspond- ing to the feudal services of tenants in later times.
The trinoda necessitas, to which all lands were subject. This consisted of the duty of rendering military service (expeditio), and of repairing bridges and fortresses (pontis arcisve constructio). These were duties imposed on all landowners, distinct from the feudal services of later times, thus tending more and more to become duties attaching to the possession of the land owed to and capable of being enforced by the king or the great man of the district. K. E. Digby, Hist. Law of Real Property, p. 13. trinode (tri'nōd), n. [< L. trinodis, having three knots, <_tres (tri-), three, + nodus, knot: see node.] In geom., a singularity of a plane curve formed by the union of three nodes. trinomial (tri-nō'mi-al), a. and n. [After F. trinôme, ‹ L. tres (trï-), three, + nomen, name
trinomial (term), +-al. Cf. binomial.] I. a. 1. In zoöl. and bot.: (a) Consisting of three terms, as the technical name of a subspecies; trionymal: thus, the name Certhia familiaris americana is trinomial. See binomial, polynomial. (b) Using or admitting trinomial or trionymal names in certain cases: as, the trinomial system of nomenclature. Also trinominal.-2. In alg., consisting of three terms connected by either of the signs and —; thus, a + b + c, or x2 — 2xy + y2 is a trinomial quantity.
II. n. 1. A technical name consisting of three words, of which the first is the name of the genus, the second that of the species, and the third that of a geographical race, subspecies, or variety; a trionym. The use of trinomials, formerly interdicted and supposed to be contrary to the canons of nomenclature, has of late become common, especially among American naturalists. (See trinomialism.) A name of three terms the second of which is a generic name in parenthesis (see subgenus) does not constitute a trinomial, and no proper trinomial admits any mark of punctuation, or any word or abbreviation, between its three terms. Thus: Quercus coccinea var. tinctoria is not a pure trinomial. 2. In alg., a trinomial expression. See I., 2. trinomialism (tri-nō'mi-al-izm), n. [< trinomial + -ism.] The practice of naming objects of natural history in three terms; the use of trinomials, or that system of nomenclature which admits them; trionymal nomenclature. Trinomialism is one of the two most distinctive features of what is called the American school in zoölogy, the beginning of the zoological system with 1758 (instead of 1766: see synonym, 2) being the other; and it has been advocated with special persistency by the ornithologists. trinomialist (trī-nō'mi-al-ist), n. [<trinomial +-ist.] One who uses trinomials or favors the trinomial system of nomenclature. trinomiality (trī-no-mi-al'i-ti), n. [< trinomial +ity.] The character of being trinomial; the expression of a name in three words; trinomialism. See trinomial, n., 1. trinomially (tri-no'mi-al-i), adv. According to the principles or by the method of trinomialism; by the use of trinomials: in any given case, as that cited in the quotation, implying the reduction of what had been before rated as a full species to the rank of a conspecies or subspecies.
There has been quite a consensus of opinion among some of the German ornithologists that they [the yellow wagtails] ought to be treated trinomially. Nature, XXX. 257.
trinominal (tri-nom'i-nal), a. [L. trinominis, having three names, tres (tri-), three, no- men, name: see nominal. Cf. trinomial.] Same as trinomial, a., 1. Also trionymal. trinquett. An obsolete spelling of trinket1, trinket3.
trintle (trint'l), v. A dialectal (Scotch) variant of trindle.
trinunion+ (trin-u'nyon), n. [< L. trinus, threefold, + unio(n-), union: see trine3 and union.] A trinity. [Rare.]
But that same onely wise Trin-vnion Workes miracles, wherein all wonder lies. Davies, Microcosmos, p. 79. (Davies.) trinunionhood† (trin-ūʼnyon-hůd), n. [< trinunion + -hood.] Triunity. [Rare.]
performed by a trio of instruments.
tage. The trio were well accustomed to act together, and were linked to each other by ties of mutual interest and advanDickens, Old Curiosity Shop, li. 4. In the game of piquet, three aces, kings, queens, or knaves, held in one hand: a counting combination of cards. triobolart (tri-ob'o-lär), a. [Also, erroneously, triobular; L. triobolus, < Gr. Tpißolov, a threeobol piece, peis (Tpi-), three, + oẞolós, obol: see obol.] Of the value of three oboli; hence, mean; worthless.
6484 triobolary+ (trī-ob'ō-la-ri), a. [As triobolar.] Same as triobolar. Howell, Letters, ii. 48. triocephalus (tri-o-sef'a-lus), n. [NL., irreg. for triencephalus.] Same as triencephalus. trioctile (tri-ok'til), n. [< L. tres (tri-), three, octo, eight, + -ile (cf. octile).] In astrol., an Triodia (trī-ō'di-ä), n. [NL. (R. Brown, 1810); named from the three-toothed flowering glume, <Gr. Tрεis (Tρi-), three, + ¿dovs, tooth.] A genus of grasses, of the tribe Festuceæ, type of the sub- tribe Triodieæ. It is characterized by panicled spike- lets of numerous flowers, the three-nerved flowering glume bearing three teeth or lobes, the middle tooth forming a cusp or awn. There are 26 species, natives of temperate and subtropical parts of Africa, Europe, Australia, New Zea- land, and America, in the last extending sparingly within the tropics. They are perennial grasses, often hard, rigid, and with a branching or stoloniferous base, bearing usually pungent point. The inflorescence is highly polymorphous, narrow, stiff, convolute leaves, sometimes tapering into a sometimes narrow and composed of but few spikelets, or ample and dense, or lax and spreading, with weak, elon- (Nuttall, 1817) and Tricuspis and Triplasis (both of Beau- gated filiform branchlets. The former genera Uralepis vois, 1812) are now included in this. T. cuprea, known as tall redtop, is an ornamental grass of sandy places from New York southward, with a large compound panicle, sometimes a foot broad, bearing very numerous shining purple spikelets. For T. purpurea, a small species re- markable for its acid taste, see sand-grass, 2. Three other species occur on the Atlantic coast in Florida or north- ward. For T. decumbens, see heather-grass. Triodion (tri-ō'di-on), n. [MGr. Tрudiov, Tpl-), three, + ódós, way.] An office-book of rpiodos, also rpiodía, a meeting of three roads: roads, a street-lounger, also common, vulgar, < see triod.] A genus of bee-flies, of the dip-They terous family Bombyliidæ. They have the appear- ance of an elongated Anthrax, but the eyes of the male are
Triopidæ triole (trēʻōl), n. [Dim. of trio; cf. triolet.] In music, same as triplet. Is called a triole, and means that the three notes are to be played in the time of [two]. S. Lanier, Science of Eng. Verse, p. 106.
Triodites mus, female. contiguous for a short distance on the vertex. The only a known species, T. mus, of the western United Gr. Tрeis (Tpl-), three,+ odovs E. tooth.] 1. A genus of plectognath fishes, typical of the fam- ily Triodontidæ.—2. [l. c.] Å member of this Triodontidæ (tri-ō-don'ti-dē), n. pl. [NL., Triodon(t) + -idæ.] A family of gymnodont plectognaths, typified by the genus Triodon. They have an extensive abdominal fold of skin like a dew. lap, and rhombiform scales; the upper jaw is divided by a median suture, but the under jaw is undivided, the two jaws thus giving the appearance of three teeth (whence the name). Also Triodontes, Triodontoidei, Triodontoidea.
2. In music, same as triplet. trional (tri'o-nal), n. A synthetic remedy used as a hypnotic. [Recent.] Triones (tri-ōʻnēz), n. pl. [NL., < L. triones, the plowing-oxen: see Septentrion.] In astron., a name sometimes given to the seven principal stars in the constellation Ursa Major, popularly called Charles's Wain. Trionychidæ (trī-o-nik'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Trionyx (-onych-) +-idæ.] A family of turtles, typified by the genus Trionyx; soft-shelled turtles. This family, though not a large one, is an old type, reprepeisent day by several generic types of the warmer waters of sented from the Cretaceous period onward, and at the presboth hemispheres, being thus very widely distributed. The body is very flat and subcircular or disk-like, and covered with soft, tough integument instead of a shell; the skin is variously roughened or tuberculous in different cases; the feet are clubbed, webbed, and formed for swimming, and ponds, where they usually lie half buried in the mud.
triolein (tri-ō'lē-in), n. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + E. ole(ic) + -in2.] A glycerol ester containing three oleic acid radicals. It is at ordinary temperatures clear oily liquid, nearly colorless, and is the chief constituent of all fatty oils.
trionychoid (trī-on'i-koid), a. Resembling or + ovvua, name.] A name consisting of three terms; a trinomial name in zoölogy or botany; the name of a subspecies in the trinomial sys- tem of nomenclature. See trinomial, n., and trinomialism. Coues, The Auk, 1884, p. 321. trionymal (tri-onʼi-mal), a. [<trionym + -al.] Of or pertaining to a trionym; trinomial. J. <4: Allen, The Auk, 1884, p. 352. Hilaire, 1809), < Gr. Tpεis (TP), three, + ovv Trionyx n. [NL. (Geoffroy St. (ovvx-), a nail: see onyx.] A genus of softshelled turtles, typical of the Trionychidæ : inexactly synonymous with Aspidonectes. It is so called from the three claws in which the
Who (were it possible) art more compleate In Goodnesse than Thine owne Trin-vnionhood. Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 32. (Davies.) trio (tre'ō or trī ́ō), n. [= F. Sp. Pg. trio = G. Dan. Sw. trio, It. trio, a musical composition in three parts, a trio, glee, < L. tres, neut. tria, three: see three.] 1. In music, a composition or movement for three solo parts, either vocal or instrumental, usually without accompaniment. Specifically, either (a) an instrumental work for three instruments and planned like a quartet, or (b) a second or subordinate division of a minuet, scherzo, or march, usually in a contrasted key and quieter in style, so as to be a foil to the principal division: so called because originally triodontoid (trī-ō-don'toid), a. and n. I. a. Of webbed feet end. See Trionychidæ.
triolet (trē ́o-let), n. [<F. triolet, a triolet, OF. triolet, a triolet, also trefoil, < It. trio, three: see trio.] 1. A poem in fixed form, borrowed from the French, and allied to the rondel and rondeau. It consists of eight lines on two rimes, and is generally written in short measures. The first pair of lines are repeated as the seventh and eighth, while the first is repeated as the fourth. Representing the repeated lines by capital letters the rime-scheme would thus be A, B, a, A, a, b, A, B. In humorous examples a fresh sense is often skilfully given to the fourth line. The first French triolet is said to have been by Adam le Roi (end of thirteenth century). Triolets were written in England as early as 1651 by Patrick Carey, whose efforts Sir Walter Scott published in 1820.
group. triecious (tri-e'shus), a. [<Gr. Tрeis (pi-), three,
manner. A trivial and triobular author for knaves and fools, an
or pertaining to the Triodontidæ.
Clubbed Dorid (Triopa claviger). typical genus of Triopidæ, having a row of Triopidæ (tri-op'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Triopa + -ida.] A family of nudibranch gastropods, typ- ified by the genus Triopa; the clubbed dorids, having slightly hooked teeth in very numerous
Triopidæ rows on a broad radula, and tentacles retractile within plaited sheaths. See cut under Triopa. trior (trī'or), n. [See trier.] In law, a person appointed by the court to examine whether a challenge to a juror or a panel of jurors is just. triorchis (tri-ôr'kis), n. [NL., < Gr. Tрeis (TPL), three, opxis, testicle.] One who has three testicles.
triorthogonal (trī-ôr-thogʻō-nal), a. [< L. tres 1753), Gr. Tрεis (Tρi-), three, + oorέov, bone.] A genus of gamopetalous plants, of the order Caprifoliacea and tribe Lonicereæ. It is char- acterized by a tubular bell-shaped corolla gibbous at the base, and a three- to five-celled ovary with one ovule in each cell. There are about 6 species, natives of Asia and the eastern and central United States. They are herbs with a perennial root and little-branched stem with scaly buds. The leaves are sessile, entire, opposite, and some- what connate at the base. The dull-yellow, purple, or whitish flowers are solitary, or clustered the axils, or rarely condensed into short terminal spikes. The fruit is a coriaceous or fleshy berry, with smooth, bony, angled or ribbed seeds. T. perfoliatum, a rather coarse erect species with purplish flowers and orange-colored berries, occurring from Canada to Alabama, is known as feverroot, also as wild and wild Fletcher (and another), Noble Gentleman, iii. 4. 5. Naut.: (a) To loose, as an anchor from the bottom by means of its cable or buoy-rope. coffee; it produces a long, thick, yellowish or brownish root (b) To turn, as a yard, from a horizontal to a vertical position. with a nauseous taste and odor, locally used as a cathartic triovulate (trī-ō'vṛ-lāt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), pelen =LG. trippeln, > G. trippeln, trip; prob. a secondary form of the verb appearing as the source of trap, trap2, trap3, and ult. of tramp.] I. intrans. I. To run or step lightly; skip, dance, or walk nimbly along; move with a quick, light tread.
But yet, we hope you'll never grow so wise; For, if you should, we and our Comedies Must trip to Norwich, or for Ireland go. Etherege, Love in a Tub, Prol. 4. To stumble; strike the foot against something so as to lose the step and come near falling; make a false step; lose the footing.
My slipp'ry footing fail'd me; and you tript Just as I slipt. Quarles, Emblems, ii. 14. Hence-5. Figuratively, to make a false movement; err; go wrong; be guilty of an inconsistency or an inaccuracy.
enemies. St. Jerome, whose custom is not to pardon ever easily The captain, a wise man, after many endeavours to catch me tripping in some part of my story, at last began to have a better opinion of my veracity. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, iv. 11. For Jenny, my cousin, had come to the place, and I knew right well That Jenny had tript in her time; I knew, but I would not tell.
6. To rush by: said of deer.
6485 tangling the feet or suddenly checking their free action: often followed by up.
A hundred head of red deer Robin Hood and the Butcher (Child's Ballads, V. 37). =Syn. 1. Hop, Leap, etc. See skip1.
Every maid Fit for this revel was arrayed, The hornpipe neatly tripping. Drayton, Nymphidia. 2. To cause to stumble or fall, make a false step, or lose the footing by catching or en
Phila. Times, July 23, 1883. A stump doth trip him in his pace; Down comes poor Hob upon his face. Drayton, Nymphidia. Your excuse must be that ... a mop stood across the entry, and tript you up. Swift, Advice to Servants (Footman).3. To cause to stumble by placing an obstruc- 2. Race; family. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] tion in the way; hence, to give a wrong turn trips (trip), n. [ME. trippe, trype; origin ob- to, or cause to halt or stumble, by presenting Cf. tripe.] 1t. A piece (?). a mental or moral stumbling-block. A Goddes kechyl, or a trype of chese. Or elles what yow lyst, we may nat cheese. Chaucer, Summoner's Tale, 1. 39. 2. New soft cheese made of milk. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.]4. To catch in a fault, offense, or error; de- trip4+ (trip), n. [A modification of thrip, q. v.] tect in a misstep or blunder. Three pence sterling. scure. Be you contented, wearing now the garland, The same vingten is woorth our trip, or English 3d., or woorth halfe a Spanish royall. Hills, Vulgar Arithmetic.
Yea, what and whosoeuer he be that thinkes himselfe a very good Italian, and that to trip others.
She has twa weel-made feet, 2. A journey or voyage; an excursion; a jaunt; The Laird of Waristoun (Child's Ballads, III. 107). specifically, in transportation, the performance of service one way over a route, the perform ance of service both ways being a round trip. Come, and trip it, as you go, On the light fantastick toe. Milton, L'Allegro, 1. 34. 2. To make a brisk movement with the feet; prance. This hors anon bigan to trippe and daunce Whan that this knyght leyde hand upon his reyne. Chaucer, Squire's Tale, 1. 304. 3. To take a voyage or journey; make a jaunt or excursion.
Florio, It. Dict.. Ep. Ded., p. [5]. tripaleolate (trī-pā'lē-ō-lāt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + NL. paleola, dim. of palea, straw: see palea.] In bot., provided with three pales or paleæ, as the flower of a bamboo. tripang, n. See trepang. tripapillated (tri-pap'i-la-ted), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, papilla, a nipple, teat: see papilla.] Having three papillæ, as the head of an ascaris. H. Allen. + pars (part-), part, + -ed2. Cf. tripartite.] Di- vided into three parts. In heral- dry it is used of the field, in which case
He must, sir, be
The royal yards were all tripped and lowered together. trip1 (trip), n. [Early mod. E. also tryppe; ‹ ME. trippe Dan. trip, a short step; from the verb.] 1. A light, short step; a lively move- ment of the feet.
The Fause Lover (Child's Ballads, IV. 90).
• An aungell bad me flee To make my smal trippe. York Plays, p. 142. She, to return our foreigner's complaisance, At Cupid's call, has made a trip to France. Farquhar, Love and a Bottle, Epil. By thus advancing its base of operations on the same line, or by changing from one line to another, the wagons were relieved of two trips. Comte de Paris, Civil War in America (trans.), I. 213.
tripaschal That men calleth a trip of a tame swyn is called of wylde swyn a soundre; that is to say, gif ther be passyd v. or vj. togedres. MS. Bodl. 546. (Halliwell.) A trip of halibut which arrived on Friday [at Gloucester, Massachusetts] could not be sold.
Of good hope no councell thou craue Til deeth thee caste with a trippe of dissaite. Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 75. Or, stript for wrestling, smears his limbs with oil, And watches, with a trip his foe to foil. Dryden, tr. of Virgil's Georgics, ii. 776.
And mad'st imperfect words with childish trips, Half unpronounced, slide through my infant lips. Milton, Vacation Exercise, 1. 3. How, Cousin? I'd have you to know, before this faux pas, this Trip of mine, the World cou'd not talk of me. Wycherley, Plain Dealer, v. 1. 7. In the fisheries, the catch, take, or fare of fish caught during a voyage; the proceeds of a trip in fish.-8. Naut., a single board or tack in plying to windward. Admiral Smyth.-9. In kill. Encyc. Brit., VI. 515.-10. A small arch coursing, an unsuccessful effort of the dogs to Round trip. See def. 2.-To fetch trip, to go back- over a drain. Halliwell.-Jonah trip. See Jonah. ward in order to jump the further. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.]-To hail for a trip. See hail3. Syn. 2. Tour, Travel, etc. See journey. trip2 (trip), n. [< ME. trip, trippe: supposed to be a var. of troop, or from the same ult. source.] 1. A number of animals (rarely of persons) together; a flock. [Provincial.]
Cross triparted. tripartible (trī-pärʼti-bl), a. [< L. tres (tri-), ME. trypartyte, OF. (and F.) tripartite = Pr. tripartite (trip'är-tit or tri-pärʼtit), a. [< late tripartit Sp. Pg. It. tripartito, <L. tripartitus, tripertitus, divided into three parts, < tres (tri-), three, partitus, pp. of partiri, part, divide: see partite.] 1. Divided into three parts; three- parted.
She blazed abroade perdy a people small, Late landed heere, and founde this pleasaunt Ile, And how that now it was diuided all, Made tripartite, and might within a while Bee won by force, treason, fraud, or guile. Mir. for Mags., I. 43. Wisdom is tripartite: saying, doing, avoiding. Landor, Imag. Conv., Diogenes and Plato. The tripartite division of government into legislative, executive, and judicial. Bancroft, Hist. Const., II. 327.2. Having three corresponding parts or copies.
This Indentur tripartite made the twenty dey of Aprile, the yere of our lorde godd a thowsaunde fyve hundreth and fourteyn. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 143. Our indentures tripartite are drawn. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., iii. 1. 80. 3. Made or concluded between three parties: as, a tripartite treaty.
or The College, myself, and Mr. Lintot, the bookseller, enter into a tripartite agreement upon these terms. W. Brome, Letters of Eminent Men, II. 96. 4. In her., same as triparted.-5. In entom., divided from the apex to the base by two slits, forming three nearly equal parts.-6. In bot., divided into three segments nearly but not quite down to the base: as, a tripartite leaf. Also triparted. -7. In math., homogeneous in three sets of variables. tripartitely (trip'är-tīt-li tri-pär'tīt-li), adv. In a tripartite manner; by a division into tripartition (tri-pär- or trip-ärthree parts. tish'on), n. [tripartite +-ion.] Philodendron tri1. A division into three parts. -2. A division by three, or the taking of a third part of any number or quantity. tripaschal (tri-pas'kal), a. T< L. tres (tri-), three, + LL. pascha, passover: see pasch.] Including three passovers. See the quotation under bipaschal. Tripartite Leaf of partitum. Page 23
trip-book trip-book (trip'bük), n. A book in which the account of a voyage of a fishing-vessel is made up, showing the shares belonging respectively to the vessel and the crew. [Massachusetts.] trip-cord (trip'kôrd), n. In agri., a cord which when pulled trips the lever or detent of a haycarrier, or apparatus for unloading hay from wagons and transferring it to mows in barns. tripe (trip), n. [< ME. tripe, trype MD. trijp, tripe, OF. tripe, F. tripe Sp. Pg. tripa = It. trippa, entrails, belly, tripe; cf. Ir. triopas, pl., tripes, entrails, W. tripa, entrails; Bret. stripen, tripe, pl. stripennou, stripou, entrails.] 1. The entrails, bowels, intestines, or guts; hence, the belly: chiefly used in the plural. [Now only in low use.] = =
Of Inde the gredy grypes Myght tere out all thy trypes! Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1. 308. No flight of fatall Birds, Nor trembling tripes of sacrificed Heards. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Handy-Crafts. Mutton and Rice, will go... River to drink Water. either to the next Well or 2. The greater part of the stomach of a rumi nant, as the ox, dressed and used for food. Tripe includes the whole of the cardiac division of the stomach- that is, of the two compartments known as the rumen, or paunch, and the reticulum. The former (called plain tripe) is the most extensive; the latter is the best, being that called honeycomb tripe. See cut under Ruminantia.
How say you to a fat tripe finely broil'd? Shak., T. of the S., iv. 3. 20. tripedal (trip'e-dal or tri'ped-al), a. [L. tripedalis, tres (tri-), three, + pes (ped-), foot: see pedal.] Three-footed: as, a tripedal stand. tripe-de-roche (trep'de-rosh'), n. [F.: tripe, tripe; de, of; roche, rock.] Avegetable substance sometimes eaten by hunters and arctic explorers when no better food is to be found. It is furnished by various lichens of the genera Gyrophora and Umbilicaria. Tripe-de-roche is slightly nutritive, but bitter and purgative. See Pyxinei. tripel (trip'el), n. Same as tripoli. tripeman (trip′man), ”.; pl. tripemen (-men) A man who prepares tripe and hawks it about. [London, Eng.] These portions [of the bullock), with the legs (called "feet" in the trade), form what is styled the tripe-man's portion, and are disposed of to him by the butcher for 58. 6d. Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, II-9. tripennate (trī-pen ́āt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, persona, person: see personal.] Con- sisting of three persons. One Tri-personall Godhead.
Milton, Reformation in Eng., ii. tripersonalist (tri-pèr'son-al-ist), n. tripersonal-ist.] A believer in the Trinity; a Trinitarian.
tripersonality (tri-per-so-nal'i-ti), n. [< tripersonality.] The state of existing in three persons in one Godhead; trinity.
As for terms of Trinity, Triunity, Co-essentiality, Tripersonality, and the like, they [the Arian and the Socinian] reject them as Scholastic Notions, not to be found in Milton, True Religion. Scripture.
tripery (tri'per-i), n.; pl. triperies (-iz). [= F. triperie ( Sp. tripería), tripe, tripe: see tripe and ery.] A place where tripe is pre- pared or sold. Quarterly Rev. tripes (tri'pēz), n.; pl. tripedes (-pe-dez). [NL., L. tripes, having three feet, tres (tri-), three, +pes, foot. Cf. trivet.] In teratol., a monster having three feet. tripe-stone (trip'ston), n. A variety of anhy, drite occurring in contorted plates, so named from bearing some resemblance to the convo- lutions of the intestines. It has been found in Poland. tripetaloid (tri-pet'a-loid), a. [<Gr. Tpεis (TPI), tripetalous (tri-pet'a-lus), a. [< Gr. Tpeis (Tpl-), three,+Terahov, leaf (petal), +-ous.] In bot., three-petaled; having three petals or flower-
leaves. less. tripe-visaged (trip'viz"ajd), a. Having a face trip-gear (trip'ger), n. In a steam-engine, any combination of devices by which, when the
6486 at the beginning of a colon or verse of Ionics a majore. Beside these three triple piston has reached a definite point in the triplasiant (tri-plā ́si-an), a. [< Gr. τριπλάσιος, stroke, or when, as in automatically variable three times as many, TpEis (Tpl-), three, + cut-offs, it has reached a point dependent upon -Tháoios as in dinλáoios, twofold.] Threefold; the work demanded of the engine, a sudden re- triple; treble. lease of the valve-opening mechanism from the triplasic (tri-plas'ik), a. [<LL. triplasius, Gr. induction-valve is effected, leaving the latter pinλácios: see triplasian.] Triple; threefold; under control of mechanism which rapidly ef- specifically, in anc. pros., constituting the profects closure. The gear is, in this operation, said to portion of three to one: as, the triplasic ratio trip the valve-closing mechanism, and the operation is (of times or semeia in thesis and arsis); charcalled tripping. An example of such valve-gear is illusacterized by such a proportion of thesis and trated in a cut under steam-engine. Also called trip cut-off. arsis: as, a triplasic foot. The only clear instance A tilting-ham- of a triplasic foot seems to be an amphibrach standing trip-hammer (trip'ham"èr), n. mer or machine-hammer operated by a cam or the hammer to fall. It is essentially the same other device, which trips the lever and allows as the tilt-hammer (where see cut). triphane (tri'fan), n. [< Gr. Tpipavís, appearing threefold, Tpeis (Tpl-), three, +-pavhs, < paive, show.] Haüy's name for spodumene, still often used, especially by French mineralogists. tripharmacum (tri-fär ma-kum), n. [NL., Gr. Tpeis (pi-), three, papuakov, a drug.] A medicine having three ingredients. Triphasia (tri-fa'si-ä), n. [NL. (Loureiro, 1790), <Gr. Tpipácios, threefold: see trifarious.] Agenus of polypetalous plants, of the order Rutaceæ and tribe Aurantieæ. It is characterized by flowers with three calyx-lobes, three petals, six stamens, and a three-celled ovary with a solitary ovule in each cell. The only species, T. Aurantiola, the lime-berry, is said to be a native of China, and is widely cultivated throughout the tropics. It is a thorny shrub bearing alternate leaves with ovate-obtuse and usually crenate leaflets. The fragrant white flowers are solitary in the axils, and are followed by small reddish berries with a sweet pleasant taste, resembling gooseberries in size and shape, and sometimes imported from the West Indies as a preserve. The shrub is known in the West Indies as lime-myrtle, and sometimes incorrectly as bergamot; it is used in Key West for hedges, and is often confounded with the trifoliate species or variety of Citrus in use as a stock on which to graft the = ratios of arsis and thesis, Aristoxenus mentions two others: the triplasic, in which the two parts of the foot are as 3 to 1... J. Hadley, Essays, p. 98. triple (trip 1), a. and n. [<F. triple =Sp. Pg. It. triplo, <L. triplus (= Gr. Tp2005, TALOUS), triple, threefold, < tres (tri-), three, +-plus, akin to E. fold. Cf. treble, from the same source, and thribble, a mixture of triple, treble, with three.] I. a. 1. Consisting of three; threefold; characterized by a subdivision into three parts or into threes: as, a triple knot; a triple win- Lincoln Cathedral, England. dow. orange.
triphony (trif'o-ni), n. [< MGr. *piowvia, = = triphthong (trifthông or trip thông), .
triphylite (trif'i-līt), n. [< Gr. Tpeis (Tpl-), three, + puan, tribe, + -ite2.] Same as triphy- line.
Triple Window, Medieval Geometric style of middle of 13th century.
triphyllous (tri-fil'us), a. [< Gr. pípulos, tripinnately (trī-pin'āt-li), adv. In a tripin- nate manner.tripinnatifid (tri-pi-nat'i-fid), a. [< tri-pin- natifid.] In bot., pinnatifid with the segments twice divided in a pinnatifid manner. tripinnatisect (tri-pi-nat'i-sekt), a. [< tri- + pinnatisect.] In bot., parted to the base in a tripinnate manner, as a leaf. tripitaka (tri-pit'a-kä), n. [Skt., 'three bas- kets,' tri, three, + pitaka, basket.] The com- plete collection of the northern Buddhist scrip- tures, in the three divisions of Sutra, Vinaya, and Abhidharma.
By thy triple shape, as thou art seen
single syllable forming a simple or compound three, + puan, tribe, community (see phyle), + -ine2. A mineral consisting of the phosphates of the three metals iron, manganese, and lithi- um. It occurs usually in cleavable masses of a bluish- or greenish-gray color. Lithiophilite is a variety of salmon-
Dryden, Pal. and Arc., iii. 232. 2. Three times repeated; treble. The glorious Salust, morall, true-divine, Makes Heav'n his subject, and the Earth his stage, The Arts his Actors, and the Triple-Trine. ... G. Gay-Wood, Sonnet to J. Sylvester. The pineapples, in triple row. Cowper, Pineapple and Bee.
Many receipts he gave me; chiefly one . . He bade me store up, as a triple eye, Safer than mine own two, more dear. Shak., All's Well, ii. 1. 111. Triple Alliance. (a) A league between England, Sweden, and the Netherlands, formed in 1668, and designed to Great Britain, and the Netherlands, formed in 1717, and check French aggressions. (b) A league between France, directed chiefly against Spain. After the accession to it of Austria in 1718 it was known as the Quadruple Alliance. (c) An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, formed about 1883, and designed to check Russia and also France. It is chiefly the creation of Prince Bismarck, and by its provisions the three powers are bound to support one another in certain contingencies. Its influ ence has succeeded to that of the League of the Three Emperors (the German, Austrian, and Russian), which was spring, a form of spiral spring consisting of three coils fitalso largely the creation of Bismarck.-Triple-coil nestted one within another. - Triple congruency. See congruency.-Triple counterpoint. See counterpoint2, 3 (c). Triple crown, in her.: (a) Same as tiara, 5. (b) A bearupon another in pale. Such a bearing, having also clouds at ing representing three royal or imperial crowns set one the base, forms part of the arms of the London Drapers' Company.-Triple-cylinder steam-engine, an engine having three cylinders connected at different angles with the same shaft, used to avoid a dead-center. Another form takes the steam from two cylinders, and exhausts alternately into a large one.- -Triple equality. See double equality, under equality-Triple expansion-engine. See expansion-engine and steam-engine.-Triple fugue, a music, the interval of three octaves, or a tone at such an infugue with three subjects. See fugue.-Triple octave, in terval from a given tone.- Triple phosphate, phosphate of ammonium and magnesium, found in the urine in the shape of prismatic crystals.-Triple pile. See pile2.Triple plume, in her., three feathers combined in a plume or set side by side, as in the case of the ostrich-feather badge of the Prince of Wales, which has varied in design at different times. Triple point, line, plane, a point, line, or plane formed by the coincidence of three, and counting as three.-Triple progression, in music, an old name for a series of perfect fifths.- Triple ratio. See ratio.Triple rhythm. See rhythm, 2 (b).- Triple salts, the name formerly given to chemical compounds consisting of one acid and two different bases, or of two acids and one base: but such salts are now more properly designated double salts, most of them consisting of the same acid and two different bases, as Rochelle salts, which are composed of soda, potassa, and tartaric acid.-Triple screw. See screwl.-Triple suspension. See suspension.- Triple telephone, a form of telephone in which the mouthpiece is so placed relatively to two ear-receivers that the mes
triple sage may be transmitted and received without moving
Againe he heard that wondrous harmonie; . . The humane voices sung a triple hie, To which respond the birds, the streames, the winde. Fairfax, tr. of Tasso's Godfrey of Boulogne, xviii. 24. [(Richardson.) 2. pl. In change-ringing, changes rung on seven bells. triple (trip'l), v.; pret. and pp. tripled, ppr. tripling. [F. tripler (= Pr. triplar), make threefold, triple, threefold, triple: see triple, a.] I. trans. I. To make threefold or thrice as much or as many; treble.
Enriched with annotations tripling their value. Lamb, Two Races of Men. 2. To be thrice as great or as many as. Their losse .. did triple ours, as well in quality as in quantity. Hakluyt's Voyages. 3. To alter from single or double to triple action, as a single or double expansion-engine into a triple expansion-engine; fit up with triple expansion-engines, as a vessel which has previously used a single or double expansion-engine. II. intrans. To increase threefold.
Their appropriations for this purpose have about tripled in twenty years. New York Evening Post, Dec., 1890.
triple-awned (trip'l-ând), a. In bot., having triple-grass (trip'l-gras), n. Some species of Trifolium or clover; shamrock. Moore, Irish Melodies. (Britten and Holland.) triple-headed (trip'l-hed"ed), a. Having three heads: as, the triple-headed dog Cerberus. triple-nerved (trip'l-nervd), a. In bot., noting a leaf in which two prominent nerves emerge from the middle one a little above its base. triple-ribbed (trip'l-ribd), a. Same as triple
nerved. triplet (trip'let), n. [< triple + -et.] 1. A collection or combination of three of a kind, or three united.
6487 triplex (tri'pleks), n. [< L. triplex, threefold,
We have in mind at this moment a case of three females, 7. pl. Three links of chain, generally used to connect the cable with the anchor-ring.-Or- thogonal triplet, a system of three families of surfaces cutting one another at right angles.- Triplet monster, in teratol., a monster having parts tripled.-Weingarten triplet, an orthogonal triplet of which one family con- sists of surfaces all having the same constant curvature throughout. tripletail (trip'l-tal), n. A fish, Lobotes suri-
tripod three blastodermic membranes or germ-layers, consisting of epiblast, mesoblast, and hypoblast; of or pertaining to the Triploblastica: distinguished from diploblastic as coelomatous from calenterate. Most animals are triploblastic. Triploblastica (trip-lo-blas'ti-kä), n.pl. [NL.: see triploblastic.] Triploblastic animals, or those whose body consists of at least three blastoderms, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm: an alternative name of the Coelomata, as Diploblastica is of the Calentera. It includes all those metazoic animals which have a true cœlom or = body-cavity separate from the intestinal cavity. triploidite (trip'loi-dit), n. [< tripl(ite) +-oid + -ite2.] A phosphate of iron and manganese occurring in monoclinic prismatic crystals, also in columnar to fibrous masses of a reddishbrown color. It closely resembles triplite, but differs from it in having the fluorin replaced by hydroxyl. Triplopida (trip-lop'i-de), n. pl. [NL., < Triplopus + idæ.] A family of extinct Eocene perissodactyls of the tapiroid series, established for the reception of the genus Triplopus. Triplopus (trip'lo-pus), n. [NL., <Gr. pinбos, threefold, Tous E. foot.] The typical genus of the family Triplopidæ, related to Hyrachyus, but lacking the fifth digit of the manus. triplopy (trip'lo-pi), n. [ Gr. Tрinλóos, threefold,+, eye.] An affection of the eyes which causes objects to be seen triple. triplum (trip'lum), 2. [ML., neut. of L. triplus, threefold, treble: see triple, treble.] In medieposition, counting upward from the tenor as one; val music: (a) The third part in polyphonic comtreble. triplicate-ternate (trip'li-kat-ter'nāt), a. (b) A composition for three voices. bot., thrice ternate: same as triternate. In triply (trip'li), adv. In a triple or threefold manner.-Triply ribbed, in bot., triple-ribbed. triplication (trip-li-ka'shon), n. [F. tripli- trip-madam (trip [= F. tripli- trip-madam (trip'mad" am), n. [< F. tripecation Sp. triplicacion = Pg. triplicação It. madame, trique-madame, "stonecrop.] A spetriplicazione, L. triplicatio(n-), a tripling, <cies of stonecrop, Sedum reflexum. triplicare, triple: see triplicate.] 1. The act of tripod (tri'pod), a. and n. [Formerly tripode; trebling, or making threefold, or adding three Sp. trípode Pg. It. tripode= G. tripode, tripus, together.-2. Threefold plication; formation L. tripus (tripod-), < Gr. Tрínоvс (Tрinоd-), threeof triplicates; that which is triplicate or three- footed, having fold: as, a triplication of peritoneum.-3. In three feet or three civil law, same as surrejoinder in common law. legs; as a noun, a triplicature (trip'li-ka-tur), n. [< triplicate + three-legged ta-ure.] A fold or folding into three layers; trip- ble, a three-legged lication, or a triplication: correlated with du- stool, a three-footed brass kettle, a plicature and quadruplicature. instrutriplicity (trī-plis'i-ti), n. [KOF. *triplicite, F. musical triplicité Pr. triplicitat = Sp. triplicidad -Pg. ment, etc.; Tpeis triplicitade It. triplicità, L. *triplicita (t-)s, (Tp-), three, + Tous triplicity, threefoldness, triplex, threefold: (Tod-) E. foot. see triplex.] 1. The state of being triple or Cf. trivet.] I. a. threefold; trebleness; threefoldness. Having three feet or legs. Tripod vase, in art, a vase with three feet, or supported on a stand, especially if of ornamental character, having the form of a tripod. = = = = = ... Hauynge onely one god, whom we honour in triplicitie of Peter Martyr (tr. of Eden's First Books on America, ed. [Arber, p. 65).Your majesty standeth invested of that triplicity which in great veneration was ascribed to the ancient Hermes. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. II. n. 1. In clas- cally (a) A three- legged seat or table. (b) A pot or caldron and either raised upon a three-legged frame bronze altar, originally identical in form with the caldron described above. It had three rings at the top to serve as handles, and in many representations shows a central support or upright in addition to the three legs. It was when seated upon a tripod of this nature, over a cleft in the ground in the innermost sanctuary, that the Pythian priestesses at Delphi gave their oracular responses. The numerable imitations of it, which were made to be used in celebrity of this tripod, which was peculiarly sacred to the Pythian Apollo and was a usual attribute of him, led to in- sacrifice; and ornamented tripods of similar form, some- times made of the precious metals, were given as prizes at the Pythian games and elsewhere, and were frequently placed as votive gifts in temples, especially in those of Apollo. See cut on following page, and cut under Pythia.
This foul Egyptian hath betrayed me. Triple-turned whore! 'tis thou Hast sold me to this novice.
The triplex, sir, is a good tripping measure. Shak., T. N., v. 1. 41. triplicate (trip'li-kat), a. and n. [< L. tripli- catus, pp. of triplicare, make threefold, treble, < triplex, threefold: see triplex.] I. a. Triple; threefold; consisting of or related to a triad, or three corresponding parts; composed of three similars: as, a triplicate certificate. third unto me. I did meet with Thadeus, this courier, which brought sides or like linear dimensions.
II. n. One of three things corresponding in every respect to one another.
3. In music, a group of three tones to be per-
A triplicate of said certificate or return shall be issued to the railroad company delivering said property. New York Produce Exchange Report, 1888-9, p. 211. triplicate (trip'li-kāt), v. t.; pret. and pp. triplicated, ppr. triplicating. [ triplicate, a.] To treble; repeat a second time; make threefold; produce a third corresponding to a first and second. They had duplicated, triplicated, and quadrupled many of the cables upon their systems. Elect. Rev. (Eng.), XXVIII. 87.
Many an Angels voice
Spenser, F. Q., I. xii. 39. 3. In astrol., the division of the signs accord-
He sees .. The powerful planets, how, in their degrees, In their due seasons, they do fall and rise; And how the signs, in their triplicities, By sympathizing in their trine consents With those inferior forming elements, Drayton, Man in the Moone. Fiery triplicity. See fiery. triplicostate (trip-li-kos'tat), a. threefold, + costa, rib.] In bot., triplinerved; [< L. triplus, triple-nerved or triple-ribbed. tripliform (tripʻli-form), a. [L. triplus, threefold, forma, form.] Triple in form; triformed; formed by three. [Rare.] One symbol was tripliform, the other single. T. Inman, Symbolism, Int., p. xii. triplinerved (trip'li-nervd), a. [L. triplus, threefold,+ nervus, nerve, + -cd2.] In bot., same as triple-nerved. See nervation. triplite (trip'lit), n. [< triple + -ite2.] A mineral Three times occurring in brownish-red crystalline masses, The Prophetess ... was seated on a tripod in front of often fibrous. It is essentially a fluophosphate the fire, distilling strong waters out of pennyroyal. of iron and manganese. Kingsley, Westward Ho, iv. triploblastic (trip-lo-blas'tik), a. [ Gr. Tpl- 3. A three-legged frame or stand, usually Shak., A. and C., iv. 12. 13. 60s, threefold,+Bhaorós, germ.] Having jointed at the top, for supporting a theodolite,
After the Persian war the victors at Platæa dedicated as a thank-offering to the Delphic Apollo a gold tripod mounted on a bronze pillar composed of three intertwined serpents. C. T. Newton, Art and Archæol., p. 246. 2. Hence, any object having three feet or legs, as a three-legged stool.
Prophetic Tripod of the Delphian Apollo.- From a Greek red-fig. ured hydria, in the Vatican.
compass, camera, or other instrument. See cuts under rock-drill and transit.-4. In anat. and zool., a tripodal formation; a three-pronged or triradiate structure, as a bone. The premaxillary bone of birds is a tripod.-Tripod of life, or vital tripod, the brain, the lungs, and the heart, upon the continuous and consentaneous action of which life rests as on a triple support. tripodal (trip'o-dal), a. [< tripod +-al.] Haying or forming three feet, in any sense; making a tripod: as, a tripodal base of support; a tripodal bone. tripodic (tri-pod'ik), a. [< tripod + -ic.] Threefooted. [Rare.]
I have observed this tripodic walk in earwigs, water scorpions, aphides, and some beetles. Nature, XLIII. 223. tripod-jack (tri'pod-jak), n. A screw-jack mounted on three legs connected to a common base-plate to give them a sufficient bearing. E. H. Knight. tripody (trip'o-di), n.; pl. tripodies (-diz). [< Gr. τριποδία, < τρίπους (τριποδ-), having three feet: see tripod.] In pros., a group of three feet. Amer. Jour. Philol., X. 225. tripointed (tri-poin'ted), a. [< tri- + point1 + -ed2.] Having three points. [Rare.]
II. n. A native of Tripoli. tripolite (trip'o-lit), n. [ Tripoli (see tripoli) +-ite.] In mineral., silicious infusorial earth; tripoli.
tripoly, n. See tripoli.
Crazed fool, who would'st be thought an oracle,
6488 departments specified in the quotation; also,
the tripper. For, how (alas !), how will you make defence silicious which can for same purpose There are two men in her, and they've got no oars in the boat. Ignorant trippers, I suppose. Walter Besant, Armorel of Lyonesse, ii. The dialect is dying out in Manx before the inroads of The Academy, Jan. 4, 1890, p. 3. 3. A street-railroad conductor or driver who is paid according to the number of trips which he makes, or who is employed to make special Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Lawe. trips, as in the place of others who are laid off tripoli (trip'o-li), n. [So called from Tripoli in for any cause. [U. S.]-4. In mach., a part which causes another part to be suddenly reAfrica, Gr. Tρinoliç, a district containing three leased, or to trip.-Land-tripper, the common sand- having three cases only. cities: see Tripolitan.] A substance consisting piper, Tringoides hypoleucus. [Local, Eng.] of decomposed impure limestone, extensively trippet1 (trip'et), n. [< triplet.] 1. A hard used as a polishing-powder: same as rottenstone. ball used in the game of trip. Halliwell. [Prov. The name tripoli is also frequently given to any kind of Eng.]-2. In mach., any projecting part deas the real article of that name, and especially to infusorial signed to strike some other part at regular insilica. Also tripoly and tripel. tervals, as a cam, lifter, toe, wiper, or foot. tripoline1 (trip'o-lin), a. [< tripoli +-ine1.] Of E. H. Knight. or pertaining to tripoli. trippet2 (trip'et), n. [< trip2 (?)+-et.] A quarTripoline2 (trip'o-lin), a. [< Tripoli (see def.) ter of a pound. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] +inel] Pertaining to Tripoli or Tripolis, (a) tripping (trip'ing), n. [Verbal n. of tripl, v.] a Turkish vilayet on the northern coast of Af- 1. The act of one who trips.-2. A light dance. rica, or (b) the capital of this vilayet, or (c) a Here be, without duck or nod, city of Phenicia. Other trippings to be trod Tripoli senna. See senna. Of lighter toes. Tripolitan (tri-pol'i-tan), a. and n. [=F. tripolitain, L. Tripolitanus, of or pertaining to Tripolis, Gr. Tрinois, Tripolis (various districts were so called), lit. 'three cities,' rpes (TP-), three, Tos, city.] I. a. Relating or belonging to Tripoli.
Milton, Comus, 1. 961. 3. Naut., the act of loosening the anchor from Sing, and dance it trippingly. Shak., M. .D., v. 1. 403. trippingness (trip'ing-nes), n. The quality of bleness.
The frieze [of the temple of Melasso] is adorned with triposes, bulls heads, and pateras; the cornish and the pediments at each end are very richly ornamented with
The strange genealogy of the Cambridge term Tripos, ... founded in the following order: Math- ematical, Classical, Moral Sciences, Natural Sciences, The- ological, Law, History, Semitic [Languages,] and Indian Languages Tripos from 1885.1 Languages. [There has also been a Medieval and ModernDickens's Dict. Cambridge, p. 124.
carvings. Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 61. 2. In Cambridge University, England, the list of the successful candidates for honors in the
trippant (trip'ant), a. [< trip1+-ant.] In her.,
tripudiate Tripsacum (trip'sa-kum), n. [NL. (Linnæus, 1763); origin obscure.] A genus of grasses, of the tribe Maydex. It is characterized by peduncled androgynous spikes with two-flowered male spikelets above and one-flowered fertile spikelets below, the latter embedded in each joint of the rachis, and there filling a cavity which is closed by the polished and indurated outer glume. There are 2 or 3 species, natives of warm parts of America, extending from Brazil into the United States. They are tall robust grasses, with long leaves resembling those of Indian corn. T. dactyloides, known as gama-grass (which see), one of the largest grasses of the United States, is an ornamental reed-like perennial reaching from 4 to 7 feet high, occurring from Connecticut to Florida near the coast, and from Illi1, Gama-grass (Tripsacum dacnois southward, where it tyloides); 2, the spikes; 3, lower is used for fodder, and its part of the spikes, showing male seeds are said to have been spikelet; b, a female spikelet. and female spikelets; a, a male found available for food. trip-shaft (trip'shaft), n. It has also been called buffalo-grass and sesame-grass. A supplementary rock-shaft used for starting an engine. E. H. Knight. 3 2
tripsis (trip'sis), n. [NL., Gr. Tpis, rubbing friction, pißev, rub, wear away by rubbing.] 1. The act of reducing a substance to powder; trituration.-2. In med., the process of shampooing. See shampoo. The arms on the bishop's tomb were Or, on a chevron vert between three bucks trippant proper as many cinque foils of the field, etc. Stag Trippant. In N. and Q., 7th ser., XI. 115. trippant-counter (trip ant-koun"ter), a. her., same as counter-trippant. trippet, n. An obsolete form of tripl, trip2. tripper (trip'er), n. [< trip1 + -cr1.] 1. One who trips or moves nimbly; also, one who stumbles, or who causes another to do so.-2. An excursionist; a tourist. [Colloq.] trip-skin (trip'skin), n. 1. A piece of leather totum (sc. nomen), a noun with only three cases, neut. of triptotus, Gr. TрITTWTOs, with only < three cases, Tрεis (Tр-), three, + πTwσ, inflec- tion, case, TITTEL, fall.] In gram., a noun triptych (trip'tik), n. [Formerly also, errone- ously, triptich, triptic; also tryptychon; Gr. TpinTvxov, neut. of TpinTuxos, consisting of three layers, threefold, Tpeis (Tp-), three, + TU (TUX-), TTUXÍ, a fold, < TVOGEL, fold, double up.] 1. A picture, carving, or other repre- sentation in three compartments side by side: most frequently used for an altar-piece. The central picture is usually complete in itself. The subsid correspond in size and shape to one half of the principal iary designs on either side of it are smaller, and frequently picture, to which they are joined by hinges so that they can be folded over and form a cover to it. The outsides
"" The Mantegna triptych, from which the detail of "The Circumcision is taken, is in the tribune of the Uffizi, Florence, and is composed of The Adoration of the Magi, The Circumcision, and The Ascension.
The Century, XXXIX. 400. 2. A series of writing-tablets, three in number, hinged or tied together. When used for spreading
with wax, and writing with the stylus, the outer leaves were recessed for the wax on the inside only, the middle leaf on both sides. These are made of fir-wood, beech wood, baked clay, ivory, and other material. These triptychs... were libelli of three tablets of wood, cleft from one piece and fastened together, like the leaves of a book, by strings passed through two holes pierced near the edge. Encyc. Brit., XVIII 154.
triptychon (trip'ti-kon), n. Same as triptych. tripudiary (tri-pu'di-a-ri), a. [< L. tripudium, a leaping or dancing, a religious dance (see tripudiate), +-ary.] 1. Of or pertaining to dancing; performed by dancing.-2. Of or pertaining to the divination called tripudium.
Soothsayers in their auguriall and tripudiary divinations, collecting presages from voice or food of birds. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., i. 4.
tripudiate (tri-pu'di-at), v. i.; pret. and pp. tripudiated, ppr. tripudiating. [L. tripudiatus, pp. of tripudiare, OL. tripodare, leap, dance,
tripudiate < tripudium, a measured stamping, a solemn religious dance; formation doubtful to the Romans themselves; prob. < tres (tri-), three, + pod- (= Gr. Tоd-), a form of the root of pes (ped-), foot. According to Cicero, contracted from terripudium for *terripavium, striking the earth, <terra, earth, + pavire, strike: see pave.] To dance. A sweet chorus of well-tuned affections, and a spirit tripudiating for joy. Culverwell, The Schisme. (Latham.) tripudiation (tri-pu-di-a'shọn), n. [<tripudiate-ion.] The act of dancing. Carlyle. tripudium (trī-pūʼdi-um), n. [L., a leaping or dancing: see tripudiate.] In Rom. antiq. (a) A solemn religious dance. (b) A kind of divination practised by the augurs from interpretation of the actions of birds when fed, in later times always of domestic chickens, which were kept in coops for the purpose. If the fowls ate greedily, the omen was good; if they refused their food, the prognostic was very bad. tripupillate (trī-pū'pi-lāt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + pupilla, pupil.] In entom., having three central spots or pupils close together: noting an ocellated spot. Tripylæa (trip-i-lē'ä), n. pl. [NL., < Gr. трεis (Tpl-), three,+ Un, a gate.] An order of silicoskeletal Radiolaria, whose central capsule has a single nucleus, a double membrane, and more than one perforate area, the polar aperture being supplemented by one or more other openings. The skeleton is diversiform, often composed of tubes, and the capsule is pigmented with phaodium. Hertwig, 1879. Also called Phæodaria. tripylæan_(trip-i-lē'an), a. and n. [< Tripylæa +-an.] I. a. Of or pertaining to the Tripylæa, or having their characters; phæodarian, as a radiolarian.
II. n. A member of the Tripylæa; a phæodarian.
tripyramid (tri-pir'a-mid), n. [<Gr. Tρεis (Tpl-), three, Tupauis, pyramid.] A kind of spar composed of three-sided pyramids. triquetral (tri-kwet'rä), n. [NL., fem. of L. triquetrus, three-cornered: see triquetrous.] A symmetrical interlaced ornament, of three arcs or lobes, of frequent occurrence in early northern art in Europe. triquetra2, n. Plural of triquetrum. triquetral (tri-kwetʼral), a. [< triquetr-ous + -al.] Same as triquetrous. triquetric (tri-kwet'rik), a. Pertaining to the triquetra. triquetrous (tri-kwet'rus), a. [L. triquetrus, three-cornered, triangular, < tres (tri-), three, + -quetrus, prob. a mere formative. Cf. trinkets.] Three-sided; triangular; having three plane or concave sides. (a) In anat., noting the triangular Wormian bones of the skull. See triquetrum. (b) In entom., noting a part or organ whose cross-section is an equilateral triangle. (c) In bot., having three acute angles with concave faces, as the stem of many plants; three-edged; three-cornered. triquetrously (tri-kwet'rus-li), adv. In a triquetrous form; triangularly. Stormonth. triquetrum (tri-kwet' rum), n.; pl. triquetra (-rä). [NL.: see triquetrous.] In anat., one of the irregular, often triangular, Wormian bones found in the lambdoid suture of the skull: more fully called os triquetrum, and generally in the plural ossa triquetra. triquinate (tri-kwī'nāt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three,+quini, five each, +-atel (see quinate1).] In bot., divided first into three parts or lobes and then into five.
triradial (tri-rā'di-al), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three,+ radius, ray:"see radial.] Same as tri radiate. triradially (trī-rā ́di-al-i), adv. With three rays. triradiate (tri-rā'di-ät), a. and n. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + radiatus, rayed: see radiate.] I. a. 1. Radiating in three directions; sending off three rays or processes; trifurcate.
The well-known triradiate mark of a leech-bite. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 189. 2. In anat., specifically noting one of the lateral fissures of the brain.-3. In sponges, noting a type of spicule. See II.-Triradiate sulcus. See sulcus. II. n. A triradiate sponge-spicule. The chief modification of the triradiate spicule is due to an elongation of one ray, distinguished as apical, the shorter paired rays being termed basal, and the whole spicule a sagittal triradiate. Encyc. Brit., XXII. 417. triradiated (trī-rā'di-ā-ted), a. [<triradiate +-cd2.] Same as triradiate. triradiately (trī-ra'di-at-li), adv. In a triradiate manner; in three radiating lines.
6489 trirectangular (tri-rek-tang'gu-lär), a. [<_L. tres (tri-), three, rectus, right,+ angulus, angle (see rectangular).] Having three right angles, as certain spherical triangles. trireme (trī'rēm), n. [= F. trirème Sp. Pg. It. trireme, < L. triremis, a vessel with three banks of oars, prop. adj. (sc. navis, vessel), having three banks of oars, < tres (tri-), three, remus, oar.] A vessel with three benches, ranks, or tiers of oars on a side: a type of ancient Greek war-ship of great efficiency, copied by the Romans and other peoples. The trireme unstepped when the vessel was not under sail. was provided with one, two, or three masts, which were naval battles were simply contests of weight or force, and the victory fell to the trireme which had the greatest num At first
ber of fighting men, or the best-disciplined, on board, nauhowever, in the fifth century B. C., introduced very skilful tical manoeuvers being scarcely attempted. The Athenians, of oars. naval tactics, and made hand-to-hand fighting by the marines subordinate to the attempt to disable the enemy's ship by ramming her amidships, or by crushing her banks The perfected trireme resembled more closely in theory and tactics the modern steam-ram than any form of ship that has intervened. It was long, narrow, and swift; the modern steam-engine was represented by the mechanical rowing of about 170 men, carefully trained, and under perfect command; and it was entirely independent of its sails, which were not hoisted unless, while cruising, the wind chanced to be favorable.
Thucydides writeth that Aminocles the Corinthian built the first trireme with three rowes of ores to a side. Holland, tr. of Pliny, vii. 56. trirhomboidal (trī-rom-boiʼdal), a. [< tri- + rhomboidal.] Having the form of three rhombs. trisacramentarian (tri-sak"ra-men-tāʼri-an), n. [<L.tres (tri-), three,+ sacramentum, sacrament (see sacrament), + -arian.] A name given to those who maintain that three, and only three, sacraments are necessary to salvation-namely, baptism, the eucharist, and absolution. Trisagion (tri-sa'gi-on), n. [Gr. Tpioáyios, thrice holy, <rpis (= L. ter for *ters), thrice (< Tрeis (Tpl-), three), + ayos, holy, sacred.] A hymn of the early and Oriental churches, apparently of Jewish origin, consisting of the immortal, have mercy upon us.' words "Holy God, holy (and) mighty, holy (and) "It is sung in the Greek Church at the Little Entrance (see entrancel, n.), and occurs frequently in the Greek daily office. It is also found in almost all Eastern liturgies. In the West the Trisagion was used in the in the Sarum prime. It is still sung in Greek and Latin at the Reproaches on Good Friday. The anthem "Yet, O Lord God most holy," in the Anglican burial office, represents a form of the Trisagion. The name Trisagion is often in correctly applied to the Sanctus (Tersanctus). See triskele. = = = triscele, n. triset, v. and n. An obsolete spelling of trice1. trisect (tri-sekt'), v. t. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + sectus, pp. of secare, cut: see secant. Cf. bisect.] To cut or divide into three parts, especially into three equal parts. trisection (tri-sek'shon), n. [= F. trisection Sp. triseccion Pg. trisecção It. trisezione; as trisection. Cf. section.] The division geom., the division of a straight line or an anof a thing into three parts; particularly, in gle into three equal parts. The trisection of an angle, geometrically, was a problem of great celebrity among the Greek mathematicians. It has been proved to be impossible with the rule and compass alone (though it is of course easy to trisect certain angles), but can be performed with any one of numerous machines which have been invented for the purpose. See cut under
linkage. trisectory (trī-sek'tō-ri), a. [<trisect(ion) + ory.] Conducive to the trisection of the angle, as certain curves of the third order. triseme (trī'sēm), a. and n. [< Gr. 7peis (7p1-), three, oua, sign: see trisemic.] I. a. Consisting of three semeia; trisemic. II. n. A trisemic time or syllable. trisemic (tri-sē mik), a. [< LL. trisemus, < Gr. Tρionμos, having three times or moræ, < трeis
trispermum (Tpl-), three, + oñμa, sign, onμciov, sign, mora.] In anc. pros., containing or equal to three semeia or mora: as, a trisemic long (one half longer than the usual long); a trisemic foot. The trisemic feet (tribrach, trochee, iambus) are all diplasic. trisepalous (tri-sep'a-lus), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, NL. sepalum, sepal, +-ous.] In bot., having three sepals. See cut under calyx. triseptate (trī-sep'tāt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + septum, partition, +-ate1.] In bot. and zool., having three septa or partitions. triserial (tri-sēʻri-al), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + scries, series, +-al.] In zoöl., anat., and bot., set in three rows; disposed in three series; tristichous; trifarious. Also triseriate. triserially (trī-sēʻri-al-i), adv. In three series; so as to be triserial. triseriate (trī-sēʼri-āt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + series, series, +-ate1.] Same as triserial. triseriatim (trī-sē-ri-ā'tim), adv. [< L. tres (tri-), three,+ series, series, +-atim as in seriatim.] In three ranks or rows; so as to make three series; triserially.
trisetose (tri-sē'tōs), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, +seta, a bristle: see setose.] In entom., bearing three setæ or bristles. Trisetum (tri-sē'tum), n. [NL. (Persoon, 1805), < L. tres (tri-), three,+ seta, sæta, a bristle.] A genus of grasses, of the tribe Aveneæ and subtribe Euaveneæ. It is characterized by a spike-like or loosely branched panicle; spikelets with two or more bisexual flowers, their axis produced beyond them; and a thin-keeled flowering glume bearing a dorsal awn and two terminal teeth. There are nearly 50 species, widely scattered through temperate and mountain regions. ey are chiefly perennial tufted grasses with flat leaves and shining spikelets. Two species, T. subspicatum and T. palustre, occur in the northeastern United States. T. cernuum, of California and Oregon, is said to afford pasturage. trisinuate (trī-sin'ū-āt), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + sinus, a fold: see sinuate.] In entom., having three sinuses: noting a margin when it has three inward curves meeting in outward
curves. triskele (tris'kēl), n. [Also triscele; ‹ Gr. īpɩOKEλns, three-legged, < Tрeis (Tpl-), three, + OKÉλos, leg.] A figure formed of three lines radiating from a common point or small circle, or a modification of this in which each radiating arm has the form of a hook so as to give the appearance of being in revolution, or of a bent human leg. Also called three-armed cross. Compare sunsnake, fylfot. trismus (tris'mus), n. [NL., < Gr. тploμós, a creaking or croaking, <rpičev, squeak, grind or gnash (the teeth).] A tonic spasm of the muscles of mastication, causing closure of the lower jaw, occurring as a manifestation of tetanus, either alone or in conjunction with other tonic muscular spasms; lockjaw.-Trismus nascentium, or trismus neonatorum, a form of tetanus occurring in new-born infants; infantile tetanus. muscles of the neck and jaw are first affected, but usually general tetanic spasms soon follow. The disease occurs with special frequency in the negro race and in tropical countries, though severe epidemics have also prevailed in The
the extreme north. [< Gr. trisoctahedral (tris-ok-ta-he'dral), a. [< trisoctahedron + -al.] Bounded by twenty-four equal faces; pertaining to a trisoctahedron, or having its form. trisoctahedron (tris-ok-ta-hē'dron), n. Tpís, thrice,+ E. octahedron.] In crystal., a solid bounded by twenty-four equal faces, three corresponding to each face of an octahedron. The trigonal trisoctahedron has each face an isosceles triangle, and in the tetragonal trisoctahedron, or trapezohedron, each face is a quadrilateral. See also cut under trapezohedron.
trispast, trispaston (tri'spast, tri-spas'ton), n. [L. trispastos, a machine with three pulleys, Gr. TрionασTоs, drawn threefold (Tрionaσтоv öруavov, a triple pulley, TрionаоTоv, a surgical instrument), <Tрeis (TPI-), three,+*αorós, verbal adj. of оnav, draw: see spasm.] A machine with three pulleys acting in connection with each other, for raising great weights. Brande and Cox. trispermous (tri-spėrʼmus), a. [< Gr. τρεῖς (Tpi-), three, +σnéрμа, seed.] In bot., threeseeded; containing three seeds: as, a trispermous capsule. trispermum (tri-spėr'mum), n. [NL.,< Gr. тpeis (Tpi-), three,+ onépμa, seed.] A poultice, formerly in vogue, made of crushed cumin-, bay-, and smallage-seeds.
trisplanchnic 6490 trisplanchnic (tri-splangkʼnik), a. [< Gr. īpɛis pl. tristomæ (-mē) or tristomas (-mäz).] A worm Tristomidæ (tris-tom'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Tris- trisporic (tri-sporʼik), a._ [< Gr. Tрeis (Tpl-), trisporous (tri-spō'rus), a. [< Gr. Tpeis (Tpl-), three,+ onорá, spore.] In bot., having or com- posed of three spores. trist1t, v. and n. An obsolete form of trust1 and tryst. trist2+ (trist), a. [< ME. trist, < OF. (and F.) triste = Sp. Pg. It. triste, L. tristis, sad, sor- rowful. Cf. tristesse, tristful, tristy, contrist.] Sad; sorrowful; gloomy.
With that these thre knyghtes be lepte on theire horse, but the tother thre be trist and dolent.
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 572. tristachyous (tri-stā'ki-us), a. [ Gr. peis 1811), named after Tristan, a Portuguese trav- eler (during 1440-47) on the African coast.] A genus of plants, of the order Myrtaccæ, tribe Leptospermeæ, and subtribe Metrosidereæ. It is characterized by numerous stamens united in five col- umns opposite the petals. There are from 10 to 15 spe- cies-9 in Australia, and the others in the Indian archi. pelago and New Caledonia. They are trees or small shrubs, bearing alternate or somewhat whorled leaves sometimes clustered at the ends of the branches. The flowers are usually small, yellow or white, and grouped in axillary cymes. Several species yield very durable and valuable wood, used for ship- and boat-building, for posts, flooring, etc., as T. conferta, known in New South Wales as red-box; T. suaveolens, called swamp-mahogany; and T. neriifolia, the ooramilly or water-gum tree. The first is a tree ad- mired for its shade and as an avenue-tree, reaching some- times 150 feet high; the others are small trees or shrubs, or, in T. suaveolens, sometimes becoming a tall tree of 100 feet.
Save only that I crye and bidde, I amm in tristesce alle amidde. Gower. (Halliwell.) There, I thought, in America, lies nature sleeping, overgrowing, almost conscious, too much by half for man in the picture, and so giving a certain tristesse, like the rank vegetation of swamps and forests seen at night, steeped in dews and rains, which it loves; and on it man seems not able to make much impression.
The king was tristy and heavy of cheer. In bot., three-styled; having three styles.trisula, trisul (tri-sö ́lä, -söl′), n.
Emerson, Prose Works, II. 299. tristful (trist'ful), a. [< trist2 + -ful.] Sad; sorrowful. [Obsolete or archaic.] Convey my tristful queen; For tears do stop the flood-gates of her eyes. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 4. 434. Souring my incipient jest to the tristful severities of a funeral. Lamb, The Wedding. tristfully+ (trist'ful-i), adv. Sadly. tristichous (tris'ti-kus), a. [< Gr. Tρioτixos, of three rows or lines, ‹ τpɛis (īpi-), three, + σriXOS, a line, row.] In bot., arranged in three vertical rows or ranks; trifarious. See phyllotaxis. tristigmatic (tri-stig-mat'ik), a. [< Gr. Tpeis (τρι-), three, + στίγμα (στιγματ-), a mark: see stigmal.] In bot., having three stigmas. tristigmatose (tri-stig'ma-tōs), a. [As tristigmat-ic-ose.] In bot., same as tristigmatic. tristitiatet (tris-tish'i-at), v. t. [<L. tristitia, sadness (see tristesse), + -ate2.] To make sad; sadden. Nor is there any whom calamity doth so much tristiti. ate as that he never sees the flashes of some warming joy. Feltham, Resolves, i. 41. Tristoma (tris'tō-mä), n. [NL. (Cuvier, 1817), also Tristomum (Siebold, 1838), < Ġr. TрƐis (Tρi-), three, orópa, mouth.] 1. A genus of monogeneous trematoid worms, typical of the family Tristomida: so called from one large ventral sucker behind two smaller adoral ones. They are of broad and flat oval or discoid form, and infest the skin and gills of fishes.-2. [l. c.;
The trisul or trident emblem which crowns the gateways may, . . . and I am inclined to believe does, represent Buddha himself.
= J. Fergusson, Hist. Indian Arch., p. 97. trisulct (tri'sulk), a. and n. [Also trisulk; Sp. Pg. It. trisulco,< L. trisulcus, three-pronged, three- forked, three-cleft, lit. 'three-fur- rowed' (noting a thunderbolt, etc.), tres (tri-), three,+ sulcus, furrow: see sulk2.] I. a. Three- forked; three-pronged. One sole Jupiter, in his hand Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 63. II. n. Something having three forks, as the three-pointed thunderbolt of Jove, the trident of Neptune, or the trisula of Siva. See trisulc. Hand once againe thy Trisulk, and retire To Oeta, and there kindle 't with new fire. Heywood, Dialogues (Works, ed. Pearson, 1874, VI. 160). trisulcate (tri-sulʼkāt), a. [< trisule-atc2.] tristet, n. An obsolete form of tryst. 1. In bot., three-grooved; three-furrowed.-2. tristearin (trī-stē'a-rin), n. [< tri-+ stearin.] In zoöl., tridactyl; divided into three digits or A glycerol ester containing three stearic acid hoofs: as, a trisulcate foot. Compare bisulcate. trithing-reevet. (tri'Hing-rēv), n. radicals: a white crystalline non-volatile solid trisulkt, a. and n. ernor of a trithing. with a fatty feel, which makes up a large por- trisyllabic (tris-i-lab'ik), a. [ L. trisyllabus trithionate (tri-thi'ō-nāt), n. [<trithion-ic + tion of certain solid fats, like tallow. (see trisyllable) + -ic.] Pertaining to a trisyl--ate.] A salt of trithionic acid. tristellt, n. An obsolete form of trestle1. lable; consisting of three syllables: as, a tri- trithionic (tri-thi-on'ik), a. [< Gr. Tрεis (Tpl-), tristelyt, adv. An obsolete form of trustily. syllabic word or root. three,+ Ociov, sulphur, +-ic.] Containing three tristemania (tris-te-mā'ni-ä), n. [NL., irreg. trisyllabical (tris-i-lab'i-kal), a. [<trisyllabic sulphur atoms.-Trithionic acid, a sulphur acid hav<L. tristis, sad,+ Gr. uavía, madness.] Melan-+-al.] Same as trisyllabic. ing the formula H2S306. It forms a strongly acid, bitter, cholia. trisyllabically (tris-i-lab'i-kal-i), adv. In the odorless solution, which decomposes very readily. manner of a trisyllable; in three syllables. Trithrinax (trith'ri-naks), n. [NL. (Martius, trisyllable (tri-sil'- or tri-sil'a-bl), n. [Cf. F. 1823), from the three petals and three-parted catrissyllabe Sp. trisilabo = Pg. trisyllabo lyx; < Gr. Tрεis, three, + Thrinax, a related getrisillabo, < L. trisyllabus, < Gr. piovihaẞos, hav- nus.] A genus of palms, of the tribe Coryphea. ing three syllables,<pεis (Tpl-), three,+ovaẞn, It is characterized by bisexual flowers with imbricated a syllable: see syllable.] A word consisting of three syllables. trit. An abbreviation of the Latin tritura, imperative of triturare, triturate: used in pharmacy. Dunglison. tritactic (trī-takʼtik), a. = tristesse (tris-tes'), n. [ME. tristesce, < OF. tristesce, tristesse, F. tristesse: Sp. Pg. tristeza = It. tristizia, tristezza, ‹ L. tristitia, sadness, < tristis, sad: see trist2.] Sadness; melancholy: = = = It. in modern use as a French word. petals, filaments united into a tube, and a style terminal in fruit. The 3 or 4 species are natives of Brazil and Chili. They are thornless palms bearing smooth, roundish, fanshaped leaves, deeply many-parted into two-cleft induplicate segments. The leaf-stalks are sharply biconvex, ex tending above into a hard cordate below into a fibrous sheath which is densely set with erect or reflexed spines. The flowers are small, on the flexuous branches of a spreading, thick-stalked spadix with many obliquely split spathes. Several species are included among the fanable as one of the most southern of all palms, extending palms of greenhouse cultivation: T. campestris is remark in the Argentine Republic to 32° 40' south, and is also peculiar for its woody leaves, more rigid than those of any other palm. triticalt (trit'i-kal), a. [< trite + -ical, appar. in imitation of critical.] Trite; common. A tedious homily or a tritical declamation. I. D'Israeli, Amen. of Lit., I. 326.
triticeum Other things are mentioned little satisfaction to the reader. Wood, Athens Oxon. (Latham.) very tritely, and with triteness (trīt'nes), n. The character of being trite; commonness; staleness; the state of being hackneyed or commonplace.
My accent or phrase vulgar; my garments trite. B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, i. 1.
Sermons which . . . disgust not the fastidious ear of modern elegance by triteness or vulgarity. Wrangham, Sermons, Pref. triternate (tri-tér'nāt), a. [< tri- + ternate.] In bot., three times ternate: applied to a leaf whose petiole divides and twice subdivides into three, thus bearing twenty-seven leaflets, as in some Umbelliferæ. Also triplicate-ternate. triternately (trī-tėr'nāt-li), adv. In a triternate manner.
tritheistic (trī-the-is'tik), a. [<tritheist + -ic.] trithemimeral (trith-e-mim'e-ral), a. [< Gr.τριθημιμερής, consisting of three halves, < τρίτος, Trisula, from fig. third, +μephs, half, <u-, half, + μépos, part.] ure of Siva at Vel- lore, India. In pros., of or pertaining to a group of three half-feet; pertaining to or consisting of one foot and a half. Sometimes, incorrectly, trihemimeral.-Trithemimeral cesura, the cesura after the thesis (metrically accented syllable) of the second foot of a dactylic hexameter. See cesura, hephthemineral. trithingt (tri'тHing), n. [<ML. trithinga, a form of E. thriding, *thrithing: see riding2.] Same as riding2.
[<L. tres (tri-), three, νιστής, tritagonist, < τρίτος, third, + ἀγωνιστής, an actor: see agonist.] In the anc. Gr. drama, the third actor. His part is usually that of the evil genius, or the promoter of the sufferings of the protago- mist, or first actor. The third actor was first brought into the drama by Sophocles. Creon, although said to be the tritagonist, entered by the central door. Athenæum, No. 3270, p. 841. tritel (trīt), a. [= It. trito, < L. tritus, pp. of terere, rub, wear, = OBulg. trieti, truti: = Serv. trti Bohem. trzhíti - Pol. trzeć = Russ. tereti Lith. triti, trinti, rub. From the L. terere are also ult. E. triturate, triture, try, etc., contrite, detritus, etc.] 1. Rubbed; frayed; worn.= =
Hence-2. Used till so common as to have lost its novelty and interest; commonplace; worn out; hackneyed; stale.
tritheism (trī'the-izm), n. [= F. trithéisme = Sp. triteismo; Gr. Tрεis (TPI-), three, + Oɛós, god, + -ism.] The doctrine that there are three Gods, specifically that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three distinct Gods. tritheist (tri'thē-ist), n. [< trithe(ism) +-ist: see theist.] One who maintains the doctrine of tritheism.
So trite a quotation that it almost demands an apology to repeat it. Goldsmith, English Clergy. trite2 (trī'te), n. [Gr. 7pirn, fem. of rpíros, third: see third.] In anc. Gr. music, the third tone (from the top) of the conjunct, disjunct, and extreme tetrachords. See tetrachord. tritely (trītʼli), adv. In a trite or common- place manner; stalely.
... 'tis all This sermon upon the Jewish dispensation, tritical, and most tritically put together. Sterne, Tristram Shandy, vi. 11. triticalnesst (trit'i-kal-nes), n. The state or character of being tritical; triteness. triticeoglossus (tri-tis"e-o-glos'us), n.; pl. tri(see triticeous), + Gr. yawooa, the tongue.] A ticeoglossi (-1). [NL., L. triticeus, of wheat small muscle occasionally found in the human larynx, connected with the triticeous nodule in the posterior thyrohyoid membrane, and passing forward to the tongue. triticeous (tri-tish'ius), a. [< L. triticeus, of wheat, triticum, wheat: see Triticum.] In anat., small and roundish, like a grain of wheat or millet-seed; nodular.-Triticeous nodule, one of the small cartilaginous nodules in the larynx-the cartilago triticeus, or corpus triticeum. triticeum (tri-tis'e-um), n.; pl. triticea (-ä). [NL., neut. (sc. corpus, body) of L. triticeus, of wheat see triticeous.] The triticeous body or nodule of the larynx; the triticeus.
The division of Deira into three Trithings or Ridings.
triticallyt (trit'i-kal-i), adv. In a tritical or commonplace manner. Page 24
triticeus triticeus (tri-tis ́ē-us), n.; pl. triticei (-i). [NL., sc. cartilago, L. triticeus, of wheat: see triticeous.] The triticeous cartilage of the larynx; the triticeum. Triticum (trit'i-kum), n. [NL. (Tournefort, 1700), L. triticum, wheat, < terere, pp. tritus, rub, grind, thresh: see trite, try.] A genus of grasses, of the tribe Hordeeæ, type of the subtribe Triticeæ. It is characterized by two- to five-flowered somewhat compressed spikelets solitary at the nodes, and by an oblong or ventricose five- to nine-nerved flowering glume, the lateral nerves not connivent. The genus includes the cultivated species or varieties of wheat, long diffused widely through all temperate regions, and from 10 to 15 species in the wild state, natives of the Mediterranean region and of western Asia. They are annual or biennial erect flat-leafed grasses, with a terminal elongated or cylindrical spike, its axis usually without joints, but flexuous with alternate excavations, into which the spikelets are set. For the polymorphous cultivated species T. sativum (T. vulgare), see wheat, spelti, leghorn, mummywheat, and cut under Monocotyledones; and compare amelcorn and Egilops, 2. For T. (now Agropyrum) repens, see quitch-grass. tritocere (tri'to-sēr), n. [< Gr. rpíros, third, + Képaç, horn.] That tine of a deer's antler which is third in order of development, or developed after the third year. tritomesal (tri-to-mes'al), a. [<Gr. Tpíros, third, + μécos, middle: see meson.] In entom., noting the third longitudinal series of cells in the wing of hymenopters, corresponding to the submedian second discoidal and first apical cells of modern entomologists. Kirby. tritomite (tri'to-mit), n. [< Gr. Tpíroμoç, thrice cut, <rpeis (Tpl-), three, +-TOμOS, TÉμvεi, Tapeiv, cut.] A silicate found in Norway, occurring in forms resembling a triangular pyramid. It contains thorium, the cerium metals, boron, calcium, and other elements. Triton (tri'ton), n. [< L. Triton, < Gr. Tpírwv, Triton; cf. Skt. trita, a superhuman being of uncertain origin and attributes.] 1. In Gr. and Latin myth., a son of Poseidon and Amphitrite, who dwelt with his father and mother in a golden palace on the bottom of the sea, and was a gigantic and redoubtable divinity. In the later mythology Tritons appear as a race of subordinate sea-deities, fond of pleasure, and figuring with the Nereids
Tritonia plebeia. (Line shows natural size.) with such species as T. plebeia.-2. A genus of lepidopterous insects. Geyer, 1832.-3. (Ker, 1805.) A genus of monocotyledonous plants, of the order Irideæ and the tribe Ixicæ. It is characterized by an ovoid or oblong capsule and by a slender perianth-tube not enlarged at the summit, with a concave or bell-shaped, regular or oblique border, upon the base of which the more or less unilateral stamens are inserted. There are about 34 species, all natives of South Africa. They are ornamental plants from a scaly or mostly solid and fiber-bearing bulb, producing a simple or slightly branching stem and a few narrowly linear or sword-shaped leaves, which are often falcate. The handsome yellow, orange, blue, or white flowers are sessile, and scattered along a simple or branching peduncle, each flower solitary in a short membranous spathe. They are known in cultivation by the generic name Tritonia, and sometimes by a former generic name Montbretia. 4. [l. c.] A plant of this genus. Tritonidæ (tri-ton'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., Triton +-idæ.] In conch., the family of canaliferous tænioglossate gastropods whose typical genus is Triton. The animal has a moderate foot, truncate in front, and the radula with a wide multicuspid median tooth and narrow denticulate admedian and aculeiform lateral teeth. The operculum is corneous, with an apical or submarginal nucleus. The shell is turreted, and has not more than two varices on each whorl, which generally alternate with those of contiguous whorls. The species mostly inhabit tropical seas, and some reach a considera ble size, as Triton tritonis. See cut under Triton. Tritoniidæ (tri-to-ni'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Tritonia+ida.] A family of opisthobranchiate gastropods, whose typical genus is Tritonia. The branchial appendages are disposed in two dorsal rows, a frontal veil is developed, mandibles exist, the teeth of the radula are multiserial, and the liver is compact. Species exist in most temperate and warm seas. Also Tri toniada. See cut under Tritonia. tritonioid (trī-ton'i-oid), a. Of or related to the Tritoniidæ. tritonoid (trī'to-noid), a. Of or related to the Tritonidæ. Same as Triton's-horn (tri'tọnz-hôrn), n. conch, 4. tritorium (tri-tō'ri-um), n. Same as triturium. tritova, n. Plural of tritovum. Spenser, F. Q., IV. xi. 12. tritovertebra (tri-to-ver'te-bra), n. [Gr. rpí TOS, third, L. vertebra, vertebra.] In Carus's nomenclature (1828), a limb-bone, or the bony framework of the limbs considered as vertebral elements developed in special relation with the muscular system, or locomotorium: correlated with deutovertebra and protovertebra. tritovertebral (tri-to-ver'te-bral), a. [tritovertebra +-al.] Having the character of a tritovertebra; serving a locomotory purpose, as the skeleton of the limbs. tritovum (tri-tō'vum), n.; pl. tritova (-vä). [NL., < Gr. Tpiros, third, + L. ovum, egg: see ovum.] The third stage of an ovum, or an ovum in a third stage, succeeding a deutovum. tritoxid, tritoxide (tri-tok'sid, -sid or -sid), n. [< Gr. Tpiros, third, + E. oxid.] Same as tri oxid.
Triton with Nereid- From an antique sculpture in the Vatican. in the train of the greater sea-gods; they are conceived as combining the human figure with that of lower animals or monsters. A common attribute of Tritons is a shelltrumpet, which they blow to soothe the restless waves. And all the way before them [Neptune and Amphitrite], as they went,
Triton his trompet shrill before them blew.
So might I, standing on this pleasant lea,
a 2. In her., a bearded man with fish's tail, and usually holding a trident. Also called merman and Neptune.-3. In conch.: (a) A genus of gastropods, giving name to the Tritonida; the tritons, conchs, trumpet-shells, or sea-trumpets. Montfort, 1810. (b) [l. c.] A member of this genus or family.-4. In herpet.: (a) An extensive genus of newts, efts, or salamanders, named by Laurenti in 1768, since variously applied or divided into several others. (b) [l. c.] A newt or salamander of this genus or a related form. The name applies chiefly to the aquatic species of the
6491 Old World family Salamandrida, but extends to others of similar habits in America, as members of the genus Spelerpes, belonging to another family (Plethodontidae). The crested newt or triton of Europe is Triton (Hemisalamandra) cristatus (see cut under newt); the smooth triton is T. (Lissotriton) punctatus. Most of the tritons of the Old World fall in the genus Molge, as the great marbled newt of Europe, M. marmorata, and the red-bellied, M. alpestris. A conspicuous triton of cold springs in the United States is Spelerpes ruber, chiefly bright-red, but marked with black in very variable pattern. See cut under Spelerpes. tritone (tri'tōn), n. [Gr. TpiTovos, having three tones, Tpeis (Tpl-), three, +róvos, tone.] In music, an interval composed of three whole steps or "tones". that is, an augmented fourth, as between the fourth and seventh tones of a scale. The older harmonists regarded this interval, even when only suggested, as peculiarly objectionable, whence the proverb "mi contra fa diabolus Tritonia (trī-tō'ni-ä), n. [NL., L. Triton, < Gr. Tpírwv, Triton: see Triton.] 1. A genus of nudibranchiate gastropods founded by Cuvier in 1798, typical of the family Tritoniidæ, See mi.
tritozoöid (tri-to-zoʻoid), n. [<Gr. Tpiros, third, Cov, an animal, + eidos, form (see zooid).] In zool., a zoöid of a third generation, resulting from a deuterozoöid. H. A. Nicholson. tritubercular (trī-tu-bėr'ku-lär), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, tuberculum, tubercle, + -ar3.] Having three tubercles or cusps, as a molar or premolar tooth; tricuspid; characterized by
Triumfetta such teeth as a type of dentition; trituberculate; of or pertaining to trituberculism. trituberculate (tri-tu-ber'ku-lāt), a. [<L. tres (tri-), three, + tuberculum, tubercle, + -ate1.] Same as tritubercular. trituberculism (tri-tu-ber'ku-lizm), n. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + tuberculum, tubercle, + -ism.] Tritubercular state or condition of teeth; presence of three tubercles on a molar or premolar tooth. Nature, XLI. 466. triturable (trit'u-ra-bl), a. [= F. triturable Sp. triturable Pg. trituravel It. triturabile; as if < LL. * triturabilis, < triturare, thresh, triturate see triturate.] Capable of being triturated. triturate (trit'u-rat), v. t.; pret. and pp. triturated, ppr. triturating. [LL. trituratus, pp. of triturare, thresh, triturate, < L. tritura, a rubbing, threshing: see triture.] 1. To rub, grind, or bruise; specifically, to grind to a powder.
The triturated skeletons of corals and echinoderms and the shells of molluscs, constituting an intensely white Amer. Jour. Psychol., II. 520. Considering the power which worms exert in triturating particles of rock. Darwin, Vegetable Mould, p. 258. coralline sand.
2. In physiol., to grind with the grinders; masticate with the molar teeth; chew to a pulp. triturate (trit'u-rat), n. [<LL. trituratus, pp. of triturare, triturate: see triturate, v.] A form of medicine in which an active substance has
been thoroughly powdered and mixed by rubbing up with sugar of milk.-Tablet triturate, a small of some sugar charged with a certain dose of a medicinal substance.
trituration (trit-u-ra'shon), n. [= F. trituration = Sp. trituracion It. Pg. trituração triturazione,<LL. trituratio(n-),< triturare, triturate: see triturate.] 1. The act of triturating, or reducing to a fine powder by grinding. Trituration is a dry process, and thus distinguished from levigation.-2. In phar., a finely comminuted powder: as, a trituration of elaterin.3. In physiol., reduction to pulp by grinding between the teeth; molar mastication, or some corresponding process: as, the trituration of food before swallowing; trituration in the gizzard of a bird is assisted by little pebbles swallowed. triturator (trit'u-ra-tor), n. [< LL. triturator, < triturare, pp. trituratus, triturate: see triturate.] One who or that which triturates; specifically, an apparatus for grinding drugs. [< triturate + triturature (trit'u-ra-tūr), n. -ure.] A wearing by rubbing or friction. trituret (trit'ur), n. [L. tritura, a rubbing, threshing (see triturate), terere, pp. tritus, rub, grind, thresh: see trite.] A rubbing or grinding.
Goats' whey being a natural infusion, from gentle heat and gentle triture, of the fine aromatic and nitrous vegetables on which goats feed.
G. Cheyne, On Regimen, p. 44. (Latham.) triturium (tri-tū'ri-um), n.; pl. trituria (-a). [Also, and prop., tritorium, <L. as if *tritorium, neut. of *tritorius, <terere, pp. tritus, rub, thresh. The form triturium imitates tritura, a threshing (separating grain from straw): see triture.] A vessel for separating liquors of different densities. tritylene (trit'i-lēn), n. [< Gr. Tpiros, third, + -yl + -ene.] In chem., same as propylene: so named because third in the series of olefines. Tritylodon (tri-til'o-don), n. [NL., Gr. peis (Tpl-), three, + Tulos, a knob,+ odour (ódoνT-) = E. tooth.] A genus of Mesozoic mammals from the Upper Triassic of South Africa and Europe, typical of the family Tritylodontidæ. Owen, 1884. Tritylodontidae (tri-til-o-don'ti-de), n. pl. [NL., Tritylodon(t) +-ida.] A family of prototherian mammals of Triassic age, typified by the genus Tritylodon. They had on each side of the upper jaw two incisors, no canine, two premolars, and two molars; the median incisors were scalpriform, the lateral minute, and the molars had trituberculate ridges. tritylodontoid (tri-til-o-don'toid), a. and n. I. a. Of or relating to the Tritylodontidæ. II. n. One of the Tritylodontidæ. [NL. (Plumier, Triumfetta (tri-um-fet'ä), n. 1703), named after an Italian botanist, G. B. Trionfetti (1656-1708).] A genus of polypetalous plants, of the order Tiliacea and tribe Grewicæ. It is characterized by an echinate or bristly globose capsule. There are about 50 species, natives of warm countries. They are herbs or shrubs with stellate hairs, bearing serrate entire or three- to five-lobed leaves. The flowers are axillary, or opposite the leaves, chiefly yellow, and usually with numerous stamens on an elevated glandbearing torus. Some of the small-flowered species are very widely distributed; others are mostly confined to Aus
Triumfetta tralia, Madagascar, or South Africa. A group of American species produces large dense masses of showy cymulose flowers. The fruit is two- to five-celled, and separates into distinct carpels, or is indehiscent and bur-like, its prickles often ending in hooks, as in T. Lappula, a common tropical weed known in Jamaica as greatwort. The species in general are known in the West Indies as burweed or parrakeet-bur, the ripe fruit being a favorite food of the green parrakeet. Several species are used medicinally in the tropics on account of their mucilaginous properties; several also yield a tenacious fiber, as T. rhomboidea, a widespread tropical weed, and T. semitriloba (for which see burbark). = Pr. tri = = triumph (tri'umf), n. [<ME. triumphe, tryumphe, triunfo D. triomf, triumf = G. triumph = Sw. Dan. triumf, triumph (in OF. and It. also a game of cards so called),< L. triumphus, OL. triumpus, in the earliest use triumpe, triumpe, triumpe, an exclamation used in the solemn processions of the Arval brethren; in classical use a solemn entrance in procession, made by a victorious general (see def.), accompanied by the shout Io triumphe! hence fig. a victory, triumph; = Gr. Opiaußos, the procession at the feast of Bacchus, 2. To gain a victory; achieve success; prevail. Church triumphant. See church. Wouldst thou have laugh'd had I come coffin'd home, That weep'st to see me triumph? Shak., Cor., ii. 1. 194. We wear The dignity of Christians on our breasts, And have a long time triumph'd for our conquests; These conquer'd a long time, not triumph'd yet. Beau. and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 1. also a name for Bacchus; ult. origin unknown.
If we lose this battle,
Shak., J. C., v. 1. 10 Though triumphs were to generals only due, Crowns were reserv'd to grace the soldiers too. Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 512. 2t. A public festivity or display of any kind, as an exhibition of masks; a tournament, stately procession, or pageant; a spectacle. We retournyd ayen to Venys, whiche day was a grete tryumphe and Feste there in remembraūce of a Victorye that the Venycyans had ye same day in gettynge of Padowa. Sir R. Guylforde, Pylgrymage, p. 7. You cannot have a perfect palace except you have two several sides, the one for feasts and triumphs, and the other for dwelling. Bacon, Building (ed. 1887). 3. The state of being victorious; the flush of victory.
The avenging force of Hercules, from Spain, Arrived in triumph, from Geryon slain. Dryden, Eneid, viii. 267. Hail to the Chief who in triumph advances! Scott, L. of the L., ii. 19. 4. Successful enterprise or consummation; achievement; conquest.
With Death she humbly doth insinuate; Tells him of trophies, statues, tombs, and stories His victories, his triumphs, and his glories. Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 1014. All the triumphs of truth and genius over prejudice and power, in every country and in every age, have been the triumphs of Athens. Macaulay, Mitford's Hist. Greece. 5. Joy or exultation for success; great gladness; rejoicing.
Great triumph and rejoicing was in heaven. Milton, P. L., vii. 180. If a civilized nation, or any men who had a sense of generosity, were capable of a personal triumph over the fallen and afflicted. Burke, Rev. in France. outranks all others; 6t. A card of a suit which a trump. See trump3, 1.
You must mark also that the triumph must apply to fetch home unto him all the other cards, whatsoever suit they be of. Latimer, Sermons on the Card (Parker Soc.), i. She, Eros, has Pack'd cards with Cæsar, and false-play'd my glory Unto an enemy's triumph. Shak., A. and C., iv. 14. 20. 7. An old game of cards, from which whist is probably derived; trump. See ruff and trump3, 2. The game that we will play at shall be called the triumph, which if it be well played at, he that dealeth shall win. Latimer, Sermons on the Card (Parker Soc.), i. 8t. See the quotation and tarot.
6492 Tarocchi, a kinde of playing cardes vsed in Italy, called Florio, 1598. To ride triumph, to be in full career; ride rough-shod. 'Tis some misfortune," quoth my uncle Toby. "That Sterne, Tristram Shandy, iii. 157. (Davies.) =Syn. 5. Joy, Delight, etc. (see gladness), jubilee, jubilation.
= triumph (tri'umf, formerly also tri-umf'), v. [< F. triompher Pr. triomfar Sp. triunfar = Pg. triumphar = It. trionfare, triunfare, ‹ L. triumphare, triumphus, a triumph: see tri- umph, n.] I. intrans. 1. To enjoy a triumph, as a victorious general; ride in a triumph; celebrate successful achievement.
He did but climb the cross, and then came down
Attired with stars, we shall for ever sit Triumphing over Death, and Chance, and thee, O Time. Milton, On Time, 1. 22.
3. To rejoice for victory; exult or boast. Let not mine enemies triumph over me. Ps. xxv. 2. How will he triumph, leap, and laugh at it! Shak., L. L. L., iv. 3. 148.
4t. To take a trick; trump. Except the four knaves entertain'd for the guards The clear unmatched red and white Which triumph'd in that sky of his delight. Shak., Lucrece, 1. 12. II. trans. 1. To succeed in overcoming; prevail over; subdue; conquer.Two and thirty legions that awe All nations of the triumph'd world. Massinger. 2. To cause to triumph; give victory to. He hath triumphed the name of his Christ; he will bless the things he hath begun. Bp. Jewell, Works (Parker Soc.), II. 933. 3. To exult over; boast over. So oft they fell Into the same illusion, not as man, Whom they triumph'd, once laps'd. Milton, P. L., X. 572. triumphal (tri-um'fal), a. and n. [< F. triom- phal Sp. triunfal = Pg. triumphal = It. tri- unfale, trionfale, L. triumphalis, pertaining to a triumph, triumphus, a triumph: see triumph.]I. a. Pertaining to triumph; commemorating or used in celebrating a triumph or victory: as, a triumphal crown or car; a triumphal march. On Ascension day the Duke... is rowed thither in the Bucentoro, a triumphall galley, richly and exquisitely = guilded.
Who [mighty men] have led Kings in chains after their Triumphal arch. See arch1.-Triumphal column, among the Romans, an insulated column erected in com- memoration of a conqueror to whom had been decreed the honors of a triumph. It has been imitated in a few in- stances in modern times, as in the bronze column of the Place Vendôme in Paris, set up in honor of Napoleon I.— Triumphal crown, a laurel wreath awarded by the Ro- mans to a victorious general.-Triumphal Hymn. Same as Sanctus, 1. II. n. 1t. A token of victory.
Those [rejoicings] of victorie and peace are called Tri- some example by our Triumphals written in honour of her
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 37. = Pecle, An Eclogue. triumphant (tri-um'fant), a. [<F. triomphant Sp. triunfante = Pg. triumphante It. triunfante, trionfante,<L. triumphan(t-)s, ppr. of triumphare, triumph: see triumph, v.] it. Cele brating victory by a triumph, as a successful Roman general; also, used in, pertaining to, or appropriate to a triumph; triumphal.
Praise the gods,
triumvirate The King rideth on a triumphant cart or wagon all gilded. The streets so broad that and paued, adorned with shops on both sides. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. i. 236. tenne men may ride in front, many triumphant Arches, and Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 436. 2. Rejoicing for or as for victory; triumphing; exulting.
Think you, but that I know our state secure, I would be so triumphant as I am? Shak., Rich. III., iii. 2. 84. 3. Victorious; successful; graced with conquest.
His noble hand Did win what he did spend, and spent not that Which his triumphant father's hand had won. Shak., Rich. II., ii. 1. 181. He had slain men with his own hand, for aught I know; - certainly, they had fallen, like blades of grass at the sweep of the scythe, before the charge to which his spirit imparted its triumphant energy. Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, Int., p. 24. 4. Of supreme magnificence and beauty; glorious.
August was dedicated to Augustus by the senate, because in the same month he was the first time created consul, and thrice triumpher in Rome. Peacham, On Drawing. triumphingly (tri'um-fing-li), adv. In a triumphing manner; with triumph or exultation. Triumphingly say, O Death, where is thy sting? Bp. Hall, Remedy of Discontentment, I. ii. § 1. triumvir (trī-um'vėr), n.; pl. triumviri, triumvirs (-vi-rī, -vėrz). ́[< L. triumvir, < trium, gen. of tres, three, + vir, man: see virile. Cf. in office; specifically, in ancient Rome, a memOne of three men united duumvir, decemvir.] ber of one of several groups of joint magistrates chosen for various purposes, as for establishing colonies, revising the lists of knights, guarding against fires by night, or to fill various extraordinary commissions on special occasions. Among the more important of these magistrates were the triumviri capitales, who were elected by the people, and whose duty it was to inquire into capital crimes, to arrest offenders, to superintend the prisons, and to cause the execution of condemned persons. They could punish summarily slaves and persons of the lowest class. See triumvirate.
A man may compare Ecbatana of the Medes, Babylon on Euphrates, and Niniue on Tigris, to the Triumviri at Rome. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 77. triumviral (tri-um vi-ral), a. [< triumvir + -al.] Of or pertaining to a triumvir or a triumvirate.
I am about to mount higher than triumviral tribunal, or than triumphal car.
= = Landor, Imag. Conv., Lucullus and Cæsar. triumvirate (tri-um'vi-rāt), n. [= F. triumvirat Pg. triumvirato Sp. It. triunvirato, < L. triumviratus, the office or dignity of a triumvir, < triumvir, triumvir: see triumvir.] 1. The office or magistracy of a triumvir, specifically of one of the ancient Roman groups of triumviri. -2. Government by three men in coalition.3. A group of three men in office or authority; specifically, in Rom. hist., either the coalition (First Triumvirate) between Pompey, Julius the Roman world for several years, or that (SecCæsar, and Crassus, 60 B. C., which controlled ond Triumvirate) between Mark Antony, Oc tavian (Augustus), and Lepidus, 43 B. C., which
triumvirate 4. A party of three men; three men or three personifications in company or forming one group; also, a trio or triad of any kind. Still purposing to grant no more then what seem'd good to that violent and lawless Triumvirate within him, under the falsifi'd names of his Reason, Honour, and Conscience. Milton, Eikonoklastes, xxii. Theology, Philosophy, and Science constitute our spiritual triumvirate. G. H. Lewes, Hist. Philos., I. p. xvii. triumviri, n. Latin plural of triumvir. triumviryt (tri-um vi-ri), n. [Formerly also triumverie; triumvir + -y3.] A triumvirate. Thou makest the triumviry, the corner-cap of society. Shak., L. L. L., iv. 3. 53.
We read in Scripture of a triune Deity. Bp. Burnet. Triune vase. Same as triple vase (which see, under vase). triungulin (tri-ung'gu-lin), n. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + ungula, a hoof, claw.] The first lar
Take for thine ayde afflicting Miserie, Woe, mine attendant, and Dispayre, my freend, All three my greatest great Triumuerie. G. Markham, Sir R. Grinuile, p. 55. (Davies.) trivet, v. t. [Abbr. from contrive1.] To contrive. triune (trī'un), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + unus, one: see three and one.] Three in one.
Triungulin. a, egg-pod of a grasshopper, Caloptenus differentialis; b, eggs of same; c, triungulin of Epicauta vittata; d, second larval stage of same (line shows natural size); e, side view of d;f, triungulin within egg-pod of the grasshopper.
6493 II. n. In conch., a trivalve shell. trivalved (tri'valvd), a. [< trivalve + -ed2.] Three-valved; trivalvular. trivalvular (tri-val'vu-lär), a. [<L. tres (tri-), three, + valvula, dim. of valva, door: see valvular.] Three-valved; having three valves. trivant+ (triv'ant), a. and n. An obsolete variant of truant." [Rare.]
val stage of the hypermetamorphic blister-bee tles, or Meloïdæ. See also cut under Meloë. triunity (tri-u ́ni-ti), n. [< triune + -ity. Cf. unity.] The state or quality of being triune; trinity.
Thou art a trifler, a trivant, thou art an idle fellow. Burton, Anat. of Mel., To the Reader, p. 10.
trivantly+ (trivʼant-li), adv. [< trivant + -ly2.] In a trivant or truant manner. [Rare.]
The triunity of the Godhead. Dr. H. More, Mystery of Godliness, p. 203. (Latham.) Triurideæ (trī-u-rid'e-e), n. pl. [NL. (Bentham and Hooker, 1883),< Triuris (-urid-) +-ex.] An order of monocotyledonous plants, of the series Apocarpeæ. It is characterized by unisexual racemose. flowers with a regular perianth of three to eight valvate segments in a single row. It includes 2 genera, Triuris (the type) and Sciaphila, the latter comprising about 14 species of white or reddish plants of South America, India, the Malay archipelago, and Papua. The order is nearest akin to the Alismacea, but is terrestrial and saprophytic, growing upon decayed wood and leaves. Its species are diminutive, slender, but rather rigid leafless plants, wholly white, yellow, pink, or red, with a few scales at the base, and producing a few long flexuous unbranched roots. The small stellate flowers are numerous and racemose, or fewer and somewhat corymbose; they hang on decurved pedicels, and are often papillose or minutely fringed. Triuris (tri-u'ris), n. [NL. (Miers, 1841), so called with ref. to the appendaged calyx-lobes; <Gr. Tρeis, three, + ovpá, a tail.] A genus of plants, type of the order Triurideæ. It is characterized by anthers immersed in a large conical receptacle, and by a nearly or quite terminal style. The 2 species, T. hyalina and T. lutea, are natives of Brazil. They are yellow, white, or colorless and transparent plants, with two to four slender-pedicelled flowers on a filiform stem, each of the three or six triangular-ovate perianth-segments extended into a filiform tail. trivalence (trī'va- or triv'a-lens), n. [< trivalen(t) +-ce.] The quality of being trivalent; triatomic valence.
Him that by reason of a voluble tongue, a strong voice, a pleasing tone, and some trivantly Polyanthean helps, steales and gleanes a few notes from other mens Harvests, and so makes a fairer shew than he that is truly learned indeed. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 138.
The thrifty that teacheth the thriving to thrive, Teach timely to traverse the thing that thou trive. Tusser, Husbandry, Brief Conclusion. triverbial (trī-vėr'bi-al), a. [< L. tres (tri-), three, + verbum, word: see verb.] Of three words: applied to certain days in the Roman calendar which were juridical, or days appointed to the pretor for deciding causes: so named from the three characteristic words of his office, do, dico, addico. They were also called dies fasti. In the Roman calendar there were in the whole year but twenty-eight judicial or triverbial days allowed to the præBlackstone, Com., III. xxvi. trivertebral (trī-vėr ́tē-bral), a. [<L. tres (tri-), three,+vertebra, vertebra: see vertebral.] Composed of three vertebræ. tor for deciding causes.
= The last cervical [of Glyptodon] and the anterior dorsal vertebræ are ankylosed together into a single tri-vertebral bone, which moves by a hinge joint upon the third dorsal. Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 291. trivet1 (triv'et), n. [Also trevet; early mod. E. also tryvet, trivette, trevett; < ME. treved, trevid, < OF. trepied, trepie, tripied OSp. trevede, treudes "OIt. trepie, trepiedi, trespido, trespito, <ML. tripes (triped-), a three-footed stool, a tripod, L. tripes (triped-), having three feet, < tres (tri-), three, + pes (ped-) E. foot. Cf. tripod, ult. a doublet of trivet. For the form, cf. the equiv. D. drievoet = MLG. drivot, drevot, a trivet, E. three-foot.] 1. A three-footed stool or stand; a tripod; especially, an iron tripod on which to place cooking-vessels or anything which is to be kept hot by the fire. He shulde fynde in one place a friyngpan, in an other a chauldron, here a tryuet, and there a spytte, and these in maner in euery pore mannes house. Peter Martyr (tr. in Eden's First Books on America, ed. [Arber, p. 145). She got up to set the pot of coffee back on the trivet. E. Eggleston, The Graysons, xxxii.
2. In her., a bearing representing the threelegged iron support used in cooking. It is usually represented in plan, or as looked at from above, the feet or uprights seen in perspective. Right as a trivet, standing steadily (in allusion to the fact that a tripod stands firm on irregular surfaces); hence, proverbially, entirely or perfectly right. [Colloq.]
I'll warrant you'll find yourself right as a trivet! Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 71. "As to the letter, Rokesmith," said Mr. Boffin, "you're as right as a trivet." Dickens, Our Mutual Friend, ii. 14. trivet2 (triv′et), n. [Formerly also trevat; origin obscure.] A knife for cutting the loops of terry fabrics, such as velvets or Wilton carpets, in which the looped warp is formed over wires in the shed. Each wire has a groove at the top to serve as a guide for the trivet, which can be run rapidly along the wires, cutting all the loops and thus making a pile fabric or cut pile fabric. E. II. Knight. For velvets, &c., the wires are provided with a groove on their upper face, and along this groove a cutting knife called a trivet is run to cut the loops.
Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 467. A table suptrivet-table (triv'et-tā"bl), n. ported by three feet.
The trivet-table of a foot was lame.
Trivial (triv'i-ä), n. [NL. (J. E. Gray), named in allusion to its trivial size and value; L. trivius, of three roads: see trivium.] The typical genus of the family. Triviidæ, containing a number of small species of various parts of the world, among those known as seabeans. See sca-bean, 2. See also cut under Triviidæ. Trivia europæa. a, up pect. trivia2, n. Plural of trivium. Triviacea (triv-i-a'sē-ä), n. pl. [NL.,<Trivial +-acea.] per aspect; 6, lower asSame as Triviide. trivial (triv'i-al), a. and n. [< F. trivial Sp. Pg. trivial It. triviale, < L. trivialis, of the cross-roads, hence common, commonplace, ML. =
trivium of the trivium, or three liberal arts, < trivium, a meeting of three roads, in ML. the first three liberal arts: see trivium. Cf. bivial, quadrivial.] I. a. 1. Such as may be found everywhere; commonplace; ordinary; vulgar. those conceits which Keble, Christian Year, Morning. 2. Trifling; insignificant; of little worth or importance; paltry. Trivial objections to the plan were made at the time by cavillers. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 141. 3. Occupying one's self with trifles; trifling. As a scholar meantime he was trivial and incapable of labour. De Quincey.
In the infancy of learning. are now trivial were then new.
4. Of or pertaining to the trivium, or the first three liberal arts-grammar, rhetoric, and logic; hence, initiatory; rudimentary.
Whose deep-seen skill Hath three times construed either Flaccus o'er, And thrice rehears'd them in his trivial floor. Bp. Hall, Satires, IV. i. 173. 5. In zoöl. and bot.: (a) Common; popular; vernacular; not technical: noting the popular or familiar names of animals or plants, as distinguished from the technical New Latin names. (b) Specific; not generic: noting what used to be called the nomen triviale- that is, the second or specific term in the binomial technical name of an animal or a plant, such terms being often adopted or adapted from a popular name or epithet. Thus, in the several designations Homo sapiens, Felis leo, Mus musculus, Rosa canina, the words sapiens, leo, musculus, and canina are respectively the trivial names of the species they designate. See specific, 3 (b). 6. In echinoderms, specifically, of or pertaining to the trivium: as, the trivial (anterior) ambulacra of a sea-urchin. II. n. 1. One of the three liberal arts which constitute the trivium.-2. A coefficient or other quantity not containing the quantities of the set considered. trivialism (triv'i-al-izm), n. [< trivial + -ism.] A trivial matter; a trivial remark. Carlyle. triviality (triv-i-al'i-ti), n. [< OF. trivialite, F. trivialité Sp. trivialidad = Pg. trivialidade It. trivialità; as trivial + -ity.] 1. Trivial or paltry character or quality. = The triviality of its meaningless details. J. Caird. 2. Pl. trivialities (-tiz). A trivial thing; a trifle; a matter of little value or importance. Cotgrave. It is in these acts called trivialities that the seeds of joy are forever wasted, until men and women look round with haggard faces at the devastation their own waste has made. George Eliot, Middlemarch, xlii.
trivialize (triv'i-al-īz), v. t.; pret. and pp. trivialized, ppr. trivializing. [< trivial + -ize.] To render trivial or paltry. Southey.. We are now at the Sonnets [of Milton]. I know your dislike of this composition. Landor. In English, not in Italian; but Milton has ennobled it in our tongue, and has trivialized it in that. Landor, Imag. Conv., Southey and Landor, ii. trivially (trivʼi-al-i), adv. In a trivial manner. Neither is money the sinews of war (as it is trivially said). Bacon, True Greatness of Kingdoms, etc. (ed. 1887). trivialness (triv'i-al-nes), n. The state or quality of being trivial; triviality.
We always seem to be living just on the brink of a pure and lofty intercourse, which would make the ills and triv ialness of life ridiculous. Thoreau, Letters, p. 13. Triviide (tri-vī'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Trivia + idæ.] A family of involute tænioglossate gastropods, typified by the genus Trivia. They are of small size, and closely related to the cowries, but differ in the multicuspid median teeth and unguiform marginal teeth of the radula, and the shell is generally transversely ribbed. They chiefly inhabit tropical seas, but one (Trivia europæa) occurs in British waters. See also cut under Trivia.
Trivia europaa, seen from above. Triviinæ (triv-i-i'nē), n. pl. [NL., < Trivia + -inæ.] A subfamily of Triviida (or of Cypræida), including the genus Trivia, and characterized by the completely involute shell with concealed spire. trivium (triv'i-um), n.; pl. trivia (-ä). [NL., <L. trivium, a meeting of three roads, ML. the first three liberal arts (see def.), neut. of trivius, of three roads, < tres (tri-), three, + via, way, road.] 1. In the schools of the middle ages, the first three liberal arts (grammar, rhetoric, and logic)-the other four (namely, arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy) being termed quadrivium.-2. In echinoderms, as any sea-urchin, the three anterior ambula
trivium cra, taken collectively and distinguished from the two posterior ones taken together. See bivium, and cut under Spatangoida. trivoltin (tri-volʼtin), n. [L. tres (tri-), three, + It. volto, turn: see volt1.] A race of the silkworm of commerce (Sericaria mori) which has three annual generations, thus producing three crops of cocoons each year; also, such a silkworm. Also trivoltine. triweekly (tri-wēk'li), a. [< tri-+ weekly.] 1. Occurring, performed, or appearing once every three weeks.-2. Less correctly, occurring, performed, or appearing thrice a week: as, a triweekly newspaper. Trixagidæ (trik-saj'i-dē), n. pl. A family of beetles: same as Throscidæ. Trixagus (trik'sa-gus), n. [NL., Gr. TρIÓS, var. of rpiooós, TPITTÓS, threefold (< Tpeis (Tpl-), three), ayew, drive, do.] A genus of beetles: same as Throscus. trizomal (tri-zō'mal), a. [For *trirhizomal, Gr. Tpeis (p-), three, + piwua, root, + -al.] Formed of the sum of three square roots.-Trizomal curve, a curve whose equation is VaX+√BY+VyZ = 0, where a, ẞ, y are parameters, and X, Y, Z three curves of the same system.
troadt, n. An obsolete spelling of trode. troat (trot), v. i. [Said to be imitative.] To cry as a buck in rutting-time. troat (trot), n. [<troat, v.] The cry of a buck in rutting-time. trobelliont, n. [ME., < OF. *trobellion, *torbellion, L. turbella, a bustle, stir, turba, a bustle, stir, disturbance: see trouble.] A storm; disturbance. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 324. trocar (trō'kär), n. [Also trochar; F. trocar, trocart, also trois-quarts (as if involving quart, a quarter), trois, three, + carre, side, face, OF. quarre, a square: see three and squarel.] A surgical instrument used for withdrawing fluid from the body in cases of dropsy, hydrocele, etc. It consists of a perforator, or stylet, and a cannula. After the puncture is made the stylet is withdrawn, and the cannula remains for the escape of the fluid. Trochacea (tro-ka'se-ä), n. pl. Same as Trochidæ. trochaic (tro-ka'ik), a. and n. [=F. trochaïque, < L. trochaicus, < Gr. Tрoxaïkós, pertaining to or consisting of trochees, <rpoxaios, a trochee: see trochec.] I. a. 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of a trochee: as, trochaic rhythm.-2. Constituting or equivalent to a trochee: as, a trochaic foot.-3. Consisting or composed of trochees: as, trochaic verses. Trochaic verse is measured by dipodies, of the form. In ancient metrics the dipody is the shortest and the hexapody the longest trochaic colon, and the tetrameter catalectic (see tetrameter) the most usual meter. In English poetry trochaic meter is not infrequent in hymns and lyrics, and in Longfellow's "Hiawatha" the dimeter (tetrapody) is used throughout, as in the Kalevala, as a narrative (epic) meter. See ithyphallic, octonarius, scazon, septenarius.-Trochaic
cesura. See cesura. II. n. A trochaic verse or period. trochaical (tro-ka'i-kal), a. [<trochaic +-al.] Same as trochaic. trochal (tro'kal), a. [NL. *trochalis, < trochus, <Gr. poxós, a wheel (cf. Gr. rpoxaλós, running, round, Tpoxós, a wheel): see trochus.] 1. Wheel-like; rotiform; discoidal: as, a trochal disk or organ (see below). Also trochate.-2. Having a trochal disk or organ; trochate; trochiferous.-3. Encircling or surrounding, like the tire of a wheel or the rim of a disk: as, a trochal set of cilia.-4. Revolving; spinning like a top; trochilic.-Trochal disk, in Rotifera, the
oral organ characteristic of the rotifers; the wheel of the wheel-animalcules; the velum. Trochalopteron (trok-a-lop'te-ron), n. [NL. (E. Blyth, 1843), also Trochalopterum (Agassiz, 1846), Gr. poxañós, round (Tpoxós, a wheel), +TTEрÓV, wing.] An extensive genus of oriental timeliine birds, whose type is T. squamatum. These birds range in the hill-countries of India, in Burma, through China, and in some of the islands, as Formosa and Hainan; the species are 25 or 30. Most of them have been properly identified only of late years, as T. canorum, the so-called Chinese thrush of Latham (1783), described many
years before that as Turdus chinensis by Osbeck. The genus is also called Pterocyclus and Leucodioptron. trochanter (tro-kan'tėr), n. [= F. trocanter, which the hip-bone turns in its socket, <rpéxew, < NL. trochanter, < Gr. Tpoxavτhp, the ball on run: see trochus.] 1. In anat. and zool., a tuberosity, protuberance, or apophysis of the upper part of the femur or thigh-bone, for the insertion of various muscles which flex, extend, or rotate the limb. There may be one (elephant), two (usually), or three (horse) such processes; in man there are two, called the greater and the lesser trochanter, the former for the gluteal muscles and those collectively called rotators, the latter for the psoas and iliacus. In birds the great trochanter enters into the construction of the hip-joint, as a shoulder of the femur which abuts against the ilium. Trochanters commonly have an independent center of ossification, and are therefore of the nature of epiphyses. See cuts under epiphysis and femur. 2. In entom., the second joint of an insect's leg, succeeding the coxa. The trochanter is sometimes two-jointed, in which case the proximal one of its two joints takes the name of trochantin, the other being the trochanter proper. See cut under coxa.- Intercepting trochanter. See intercept. trochanterian (tro-kan-te'ri-an), a. [<trochanter +-i-an.] Of or pertaining to the greater trochanter of the femur. trochanteric (trō-kan-ter'ik), a. [< trochanter +-ic.] Of or pertaining to a trochanter, in any sense; trochanterian or trochantinian: as, a trochanteric tuberosity.-Trochanteric fossa. Same as digital fossa (which see, under digital). trochantin, trochantine (tro-kan'tin), n. [< trochant(er)+-in1.] 1. In anat. and zool., the lesser trochanter of the femur.-2. In entom., the first or proximal one of two joints of which the trochanter may consist (see trochanter, 2). It is often united with the coxa.
trochantinian (tro-kan-tin'i-an), a. [ trochan tin-i-an.] Of or pertaining to the lesser trochanter of the femur. trochar, n. See trocar. trochate (tro'kat), a. [NL. *trochatus, < Gr. poxós, a wheel: see trochus.] 1. Same as trochal, 1.-2. Trochiferous; provided with a trochal organ. troche (troch or trok; commonly trō'ke: see etym.), n. [< NL. *trochus, a circular tablet, < Gr.Tpoxós, a round cake, a pill: see trochus. The word troche, for which no corresponding forms are found in the Rom. languages (they use, instead, forms corresponding to the dim. trochisk, q. v.), seems to have been formed in E. directly from the NL. or Gr. In the absence of a vernacular pronunciation and of obvious analogies, various pronunciations have been given to it: (a) troch, as if from a F. *troche, not found in this sense (though existing in the plural, as a hunting-term, troches, fumets, the (round) droppings of deer); (b) trōsh, supposed to be a more exact rendering of the assumed F. *troche; (c) trok, an E. accommodation of the NL. *trochus (tro'kus), Gr. Tрoxós; trō'kē, an rroneous pronunciation now common, appar. due to confusion with trochee, or to a notion that the word is NL. *troche, Gr. Tpox" (which exists only as a by-form of Tpóxos, course). (e) A more exact E. form of the Gr. term would be *troch (trok), after the analogy of stich, the only other instance, and that technical or rare, of an E. monosyllable from a Gr. word ending in -x-os (other instances are polysyllables, as distich, tetrastich, acrostic1 for acrostich, etc.).] A small circular cake, as a lozenge or other form of tablet composed of some medicinal ingredients mixed into a paste with sugar and mucilage, and dried. It is intended to be gradually dissolved in the mouth, and slowly swallowed, as a demulcent, especially to allay irritation of the throat.
Take of Benjamin six ounces, wood of aloes eight ounces, styrax calamite three ounces, musk half a dram, orrice two ounces, sugar candy three pound; powder them, and with rose-water make troches. into three or four small branches. Cosmeticks (1660), p. 138. (Halliwell.) troche2t, v. [< OF. trocher, branch. Cf. troching.] To branch. Whan he [a hart] hath troched on that one partye.iiij. and on the other .v., than is he of .xvj. of defaunte. Whan he is trochid on bothe sydes.v., than is he of .xvj. atte fulle. Rel. Antiq., I. 151. Teste de cerf trochée [F.], troched or whose top is divided Cotgrave. trochee (trō'ke), n. [Formerly also, as L., trochæus; F. trochée Sp. troqueo Pg. It. trocheo, L. trochæus, a trochee, also a tribrach, Gr. poxaios, a trochee, tribrach, prop. adj. (sc. TOUS, foot), running, tripping, Tpóxos, a running, a course: see trochus.] In pros., a foot of two syllables, the first long or accented and the second short or unaccented. The trochee of modern or accentual versification consists of an accented = =
Trochilinæ followed by an unaccented syllable. The trochee of Greek and Latin poetry (1) consists of a long time or syllable, forming the thesis (or metrically accented part of the foot), succeeded by a short as arsis, and is accordingly trisemic and diplasic. Its resolved form is the (trochaic) tribrach (). In the even places of a trochaic line an irra tional trochee or spondee is frequently substituted for the normal trochee (for), as also in the so-called "basis" of logacdic verse. The irrational trochee may take an apparently anapestic form (-for-for). This foot receives its names of trochee (running) and chorée or choreus (dancing) from its rapid movement and fitness to accompany dances.-Trochee semantus, in anc. pros., one of the greater feet, consisting of three double or tetrasemic longs, the first two of which belong to the thesis and the last to the arsis. Compare orthius. Trochidæ (trok'i-de), n. pl. [NL., < Trochus + -ida.] A family of rhipidoglossate gastropods, typified by the genus Trochus; the top-shells. They have the foot moderately broad, the epipodium fringed with lobes or tentacular filaments, the tentacles elongate and simple, the eyes pedunculated at the outer bases of the tentacles, a pair of intertentacular appendages, and a spiral, generally conic, shell with a rhombiform aperlarge group of marine shells, many of which exhibit a bril ture closed by a multispiral corneous operculum. It is a liant nacr For ornamentation. See cuts under Monodonta, operculum, radula, top-shell, and Trochus. trochiform (trō'ki-fôrm), a. [< NL. trochus, a top,+L. forma, form.] In conch., specifically, of the form of a top-shell; belonging or allied to the Trochida. trochil (tro'kil), n. [= F. trochile = It. trochilo, L. trochilus: see trochilus1. Cf. thrall.] The trochilus. See trochilus1, 1 (a).
Loddigesia mirabilis, one of the Trochilida. birds or colibris. See humming-bird (with cut), for description, and cuts under Atthis, Calypte, tail, Spathura, sun-gem, and thornbill. Docimastes, Eriocnemis, Eutoxeres, sappho, sheartrochilidine (tro-kil'i-din), a. [< Trochilidæ + -ine1.] Of or pertaining to the Trochilidæ or humming-birds: as, trochilidine literature. Coues. trochilidist (tró̟-kilʼi-dist), n. [< Trochilidae + -ist.] A monographer of humming-birds; one who is versed in the study of the Trochilidæ. Encyc. Brit., XII. 358. Trochiliidæt (trok-i-li'i-de), n. pl. [NL. (Westwood, 1843), Trochilium + -idæ.] A family of moths; the clear-winged hawk-moths. See Egeriide and Sesiidæ. Trochilinæ (trok-i-li'ne), n. pl. [NL., < Trochilus1, 2, + -inæ.] 1t. The humming-birds. Same as Trochilidæ.-2. One of the subfamilies of Trochilidæ, containing most of the species.
Trochilium Trochilium (trō-kil’i-um), ". [NL. (Scopoli, obsolete tongue, subclavate antennæ with a brush of hair at the tip, and rather densely clothed legs, which, however, are not tufted. T. apiformis of the United States is so called from its bee-like appearance. trochilus1 (trok'i-lus), n. [NL., < L. trochilus, <Gr. Tрoxiños, some small bird, < rpéxew, run: see trochus. Cf. trochill.] 1. A trochil; one of several different birds. (a) A bird described by some ancient writers, as Herodotus, as a kind of wagtail or sandpiper which enters the mouth of the crocodile and feeds by picking the reptile's teeth. Many surmises have been made in the attempt to identify this bird. It is cer- tainly one of the small plover-like birds of the region of the Nile, probably either the Egyptian courser, crocodile- bird, or sicsac, Pluvianus ægyptius, belonging to the sub- family Cursorvinæ (see cut under Pluvianus), or the Egyp: tian spur-winged plover, Hoplopterus spinosus (see cut under spur-winged). (b) One of several very small Euro- pean warbler-like birds, as the golden-crested wren, or kinglet, Regulus cristatus (see cut under goldcrest), and the willow-warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus, etc. (c) Some or any humming-bird; a colibri. 2. [cap.] In ornith., a Linnean genus of hum- ming-birds, type of the family Trochilidæ, for- merly including all the species then known, since divided into perhaps 200 modern genera. The generic name is now commonly restricted to such species as the common ruby-throated humming-bird of the United States, T. colubris, and the black-throated hum- ming-bird of California, T. alexandri. See cut under hum- ming-bird. trochilus2 (trok'i-lus), n.; pl. trochili (-lī). [< L. trochilus, Gr. Tрoxiños, a broad hollow mold- ing running round the base of a column, a casement, scotia, < трéxεw, run.] In arch., same as scotia. trochin (trō'kin), n. [< Gr. Tрoxós, wheel, some- thing spherical or circular (see trochus), +-in1.] The lesser tuberosity of the head of the hume- rus, in man the site of the insertion of the sub- scapularis muscle. See trochiter, and cut un- der humerus.
6495 lea is not found below mammals. contrivance deflected at nearly a right angle. This troch ing a surface like that of the rim of a pulley-wheel. See 1. Pulley-like; forming a loop that acts like a pulley for a tendon to run through, or affording a surface like that of a pulley, upon which a bone may ride back and forth. See trochlea.- 2. In bot., circular, compressed, and contracted in the middle of its circumference, so as to re- semble a pulley, as the embryo of Commelina communis. Also trochleate.-3. Pertaining to or connected with a trochlea: as, a trochlear mus- cle or nerve; trochlear movements.-Trochlear fossa, a small depression in the orbital plate of the frontal bone, situated near the internal angular process, for attach- ment of the trochlea of the eye.-Trochlear muscle, the superior oblique muscle of the eyeball, whose tendon runs through a trochlea. See cut under eyeball.-Trochlear nerve (nervus trochlearis), the fourth and smallest of the cranial nerves. Its superficial origin is just behind the corpora quadrigemina. It supplies the superior oblique muscle of the orbit. It is purely motor in its function. Also called patheticus, oculomuscularis superior. See sec- ond cut under brain.-Trochlear spine. See spine. Trochlea surface of the nur, the smooth depres- sion forming the anterior part of the articular surface of the condyles, for articulation with the patella. II. n. A trochlear muscle or nerve; a troch- learis. Also trochleary. trochlearis (trok-lē-ā'ris), n.; pl. trochleares (-rēz). [NL. (sc. musculus): see trochlear.] In anat., a trochlear muscle or nerve. See phrases [< trochlea trochleary (trokʻlē-ā-ri), a. and n. +-ary.] In anat., same as trochlear. trochleate (trok ́lē-āt), a. [< NL. *trochleatus, < L. trochlea, a pulley: see trochlea.] In bot., same as trochlear, 2. under trochlear. Trochocarpa (trok-o-kärpä), n. [NL. (R. < Gr. τροχοειδής, round like a wheel, < τροχός, a wheel, + eldos, form.] I. a. 1. In geom., tro- choidal.—2. In anat., rotating or revolving like a wheel; pivotal, as an articulation; trochoidal: applied to that kind of rotatory arthrosis in which a part revolves to some extent upon an- other, as the head of the radius in the lesser sigmoid cavity of the ulna in pronation and supination of the forearm, or the atlas about the odontoid process of the axis in shaking the head.-3. In conch., top-shaped, like a shell of the genus Trochus; conical with a flat base; of or related to the Trochidæ.
trod trochosphere (trok ́o-sfēr), 1. [< Gr. τροχός, a wheel, + opaïpa, a sphere.] That larval form of various annelids, mollusks, and mulluscoids which has a circlet of cilia. The trochosphere in Mollusca is an advanced gastrula or gastrular stage of the embryo, prior to the veliger stage, when the original blastopore has been lost or transformed, a rudimentary mouth and anus have appeared, and there is an equatorial circlet of cilia about the spheroidal body. In mollusks also called neoembryo (see typembryo). [<trotrochospherical (trok-o-sfer'i-kal), a. chosphere + -ic-al.] Having a spherical figure and a ciliated circlet; of or pertaining to a trochosphere. Trochotoma (trō-kotʻō-mä), n. [NL. (Deslongchamps, 1841), < Gr. τрoxós, wheel, + -тOμOS, TÉμVELV, A genus of Tauεiv, cut.] pleurotomarioid gastropods with a trochiform shell, an infundibuliform base, and a slit above the carina, obliterated except n the margin of the aperture. The species flourished in the Liassic seas.
trochingt, n. [< troche2 + -ing1.] One of the I would have trial made of two other kinds of bracelets, for comforting the heart and spirits: the one of the trochisk of vipers, made into little pieces of beads; for since they do great good inwards, especially for pestilent agues, it is like they will be effectual outwards, where they may be applied in greater quantity. There would be trochisk likewise made of snakes, whose flesh dried is thought to have a very opening and cordial virtue. Bacon, Nat. Hist. (ed. Montagu), § 965. God finds out a way to improve their evils to advantage; and teaches them, of these vipers, to make sovereign treacles, and safe and powerful trochisees [read trochiskes]. Bp. Hall, Balm of Gilead, xvii. § 4. trochite (trō'kit), n. [< Gr. Tрoxós, a wheel, + -ite2.] One of the disks or wheel-like joints of the stem of an encrinite; a wheelstone, screwstone, or entrochus. [Rare or obsolete.] trochiter (trok'i-tèr), n. [An arbitrary variant of trochanter.] The greater tuberosity of the head of the humerus, in man the site of the insertion of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles. See trochin, and cut under humerus. trochiterian (trok-i-tēʼri-an), a. [< trochiter + -ian.] Of or pertaining to the trochiter: as, the trochiterian fossa (a depression upon the trochiter for insertion of the infraspinatus muscle). trochitic (tro-kit'ik), a. [< trochite +-ic.] Of the nature of a trochite; pertaining to a trotrochlea (trok’lē-ä), n. ; pl. trochleæ (-6). [NL., <L. trochlea, troclea, a pulley, sheaf, block, ML. also a windlass, roller, small wheel, Gr. pox nía, τрoxiλéα, Tрoxanía, a pulley, a block; cf. Tpoxanós, running, rpéxew, run: see trochus. Hence ult. E. truckle.] In anat. and zoöl., a pulley or pulley-like arrangement of parts, affording a smooth surface upon which another part glides. Specifically-(a) A fibrous loop in the upper inner corner of the orbit of the eye, through which runs the tendon of the superior oblique muscle of the eyeball. The line of traction of the muscle is by this chite.
Trochozoa (trok-ō-zō'ä), n. pl. [NL., pl. of trochozoön.] Those invertebrates, as annelids and mollusks, whose larval forms in one stage are trochospheres; also, loosely, such larvæ, collectively considered, or hypothetical organ- isms from which annelids and mollusks are supposed to have been derived. trochozoön (trok-o-zōʻon), n. [NL., <Gr. Tрoxós, wheel, + Cov, animal.] Any member of the Trochozoa, considered as hypothetical ancestral forms of annelids and mollusks. Stand. Nat. Hist., I. 236.
II. n. 1. In geom., a prolate or curtate cycloid chometer.
The Balanoglossus occupies an intermediate position between the worms and the Chordata. It has originated from a trochozoön which acquired some features in common with worms. Nature, XLII. 94. trocus, hoop, ML. also wheel, top, < Gr. poxós, trochus (trō'kus), n. [< L. trochus, ML. also something round, as a wheel, hoop, circle, circuit, ring, cake, pill, < Tpéxew, run. Hence ult. (from Tрoxóc or the orig. verb) E. troche1, trochiscus, trochisk, trochee, trochil, trochilus, trochanter, truck1, truckle, etc. See especially trochel and truck1.] 1t. A wheel. Bailey, 1733. -2t. A round lump. Bailey, 1733.-3. [cap.] [NL.] In conch., the typical genus of Trochida, having a regular conic form with flat base, oblique and rhombic aperture, and a horny
[< Gr. Tрoxos, Same as treTrochosphæra (trok-o-sfē'rä), n. [NL.: see trochosphere.] 1t. A supposed genus of rotifers, as T. æquatorialis of the Philippines. Semper.-2. [T. c.] A trochosphere.
operculum of many whorls; top-shells. T. zizyphinus and T. obeliscus are examples. Some of the species grow to a large size, are handsomely marked, and when cut and polished show an extremely brilliant nacre. See also cuts under operculum, radula, and top-shell. A Scotch form of truck1. trock (trok), v. troco (tro'ko), n. [< Sp. truco, “a truck table to play on" (Stevens, 1706): see truck3.] An old English game, formerly known as lawnbilliards. It is played on a lawn with wooden balls and a cue ending a iron projection. In the center of the green there is an iron ring moving on a pivot, and the object is to drive the ball through the ring. Points are also made by caroming-that is, by the strik ing of two balls in succession with the player's own ball. trod (trod), n. [ME. trod (cf. Norw. trod, a way or path much trodden), <AS. tredan (pret. træd), etc., tread: see tread, and cf. trode, trade1] Tread; tramp; track. [Obsolete or Scotch.]
This is the worst o' a' mishaps, 'Tis war than death's fell trod.
Tarras, Poems, p. 59. (Jamieson.) Hot trod, the pursuit or tracings of moss-troopers or reavers; literally, a fresh track or footstep. The pursuit of Border marauders was followed by the injured party and his friends with blood-hounds and buHe was entitled, if his dog could trace the scent, to follow the invaders into the opposite kingdom, a privilege which often occasioned bloodshed. Scott, L. of L. M., v. 29, note. gle-horn, and was called the hot-trod.
trod, trodden (trod, trod'n), p. a. Then to the well-trod stage anon, If Jonson's learned sock be on. Milton, L'Allegro, 1. 131. Page 25
trode 6496 trode (trod), n. [A var. of trod, trade1.] Foot- dytidae (and for some others). Thus, the common winter dweller, rpwyhodurns, a cave-dweller, troglo- dyte: see troglodyte.] Of or pertaining to the troglodytes or cave-dwellers; relating to or having the habits of the cave-dwellers.
In humble dales is footing fast,
Spenser, Shep. Cal., July. trögerite (trė gėr-it), n. [Tröger (see def.) + -ite2.] A hydrous arseniate of uranium, occurring in thin tabular crystals of a lemon-yellow color: named after R. Tröger, an inspector of mines at Neustädtel in Saxony. troggin (trogʻin), n. [Cf. trock, truck1.] Small wares. Burns, An Excellent New Song. [Scotch.]
troggs (trogz), n. pl. [Cf. troggin.] clothes. [Scotch.]
Duds; "By my troggs," replied Christie, "I would have thrust my lance down his throat.' Scott, Monastery, xiv.
= = troglodyte (trogʻlo-dit), a. and n. [Formerly also troglodite; F. troglodyte Pg. troglodyta Sp. It. troglodita, L. troglodyta, only in pl. Troglodytæ, Trogodyta (as a proper name), < Gr. Tрwy2odurns, cave-dweller, lit. 'one who creeps into holes,' púу2n, hole, cave, + Sue, enter, creep into.] I. a. Inhabiting caverns; cavedwelling; cavernicolous; spelean; troglodytic: specifically noting human beings, apes, and birds.
II. n. 1. A cave-dweller; a caveman; one who lives in a naturally formed cavity in the rocks, or, by extension, one who has his abode in a dwelling-place of that kind, whether constructed by enlarging a natural cave or by making an entirely new excavation. The word troglodyte is rarely used except in translating from the classic authors, or in discussions with regard to the nature of the people so denominated by them, or as applied to members of some prehistoric tribes, as those of the Mediterranean caves near Mentone, in Italy. Caves were natural places of refuge and residence in the early stages of man's development, and were very frequently thus occupied by various prehistoric races, as has been proved by explorations made in different parts of the world. These explorations have in numerous instances revealed the existence of human remains mingled with implements and ornaments made by the hand of man, together with the bones of living and extinct species of animals, the whole occurring in such a way as to prove beyond a doubt that they were contemporaneous. Several classic authors among whom are Herodotus, Aristotle, Strabo, and Pliny -speak of the troglodytes, and give this name to cavedwellers in various rather vaguely designated regions. Cave-dwellers still live in a few places in the United States, as some of the Yavasupai Indians in caves in the side cañons of the Colorado river.
Q. Are there still any troglodytes, or inhabitants of caves, and are they numerous?
A. The district between Marsa Susa and Cyrene is full of caverns in the very heart of the mountains, into which whole families get by means of ropes; and many are born, troglodytism (trogʻlo-dit-izm), n. [< troglodyte live, and die, in these dens, without ever going out of them. W. H. Smyth, The Mediterranean, p. 497. +-ism.] The state or condition of troglodytes; the habit of living in caves. See troglodyte. Trogon (tro'gon), n. [NL., 7 Gr. τρώγων, ppr. of púγειν, gnaw, chew.] 1. A genus birds, of type of the family Trogonidæ, formerly conterminous
numerous. Paleolithic man was unquestionably a true troglodyte, the caves which he is known to have inhabited being very J. Geikie, Prehistoric Europe, p. 19. 2. Hence, one living in seclusion; one unacquainted with the affairs of the world. Saturday Rev.-3. In mammal., an anthropoid ape of the genus Troglodytes, as the chimpanzee or the gorilla, especially the former, which was earlier known to naturalists and was called Simia troglodytes. The name is actually a misnomer, arising from some confounding or comparing of these apes with peoples who in ancient times were called troglodytes. See Troglodytes, 2, and cuts under chimpanzee and gorilla.
4. In ornith., a wren of the genus Troglodytes or family Troglodytidæ. The term is a misnomer, since no wrens live in caves. Troglodytes (trog-lod'i-tēz), n. [NL.: see troglodyte.] 1. In ornith.: (a) A genus of wrens,type of the family Troglodytidæ, based by Vieillot in 1807 on T. aëdon. The type is taken to be the common wren of Europe, T. europæus or T. parvulus, formerly Sylvia troglodytes. The name, erroneous in fact, was changed by Rennie in 1831 to Anorthura. It has been used by different writers for nearly all the birds of the family Troglo
The dwelling-places or the burial vaults of a troglodytic Troglodytidæ (trog-lo-dit'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., Troglodytes+ida. In ornith., a family of oscine passerine birds, whose typical genus is Troglodytes; the wrens. The family is of no fixed limit or satisfactory definition. The birds referred o it, in its usual acceptation, are mainly American, and very nu- merous in tropical and subtropical America. These are well distinguished from most New World passerines, ex- cepting from the mocking-birds, thrashers, and the like, toward which they grade so closely, through such forms as the cactus-wrens, for example, that they have often been associated with them in the family Liotrichidae (the mockers, etc., being then removed from Turdide to en- ter into this association). But the Old World wren-like birds have so many and varied relationships that they have thus far proved entirely unmanageable. The whole of them, therefore, together with the American forms, have been thrown in the ornithological waste-basket (Timeliida). See wren, and cuts under Campylorhyn chus, marsh-wren, Pnoepyga, rock-wren, Tesia, Thryotho- rus, and Troglodytes. Troglodytinæ (trog-lod-i-ti'ne), n. pl. [NL., < Troglodytes +-inæ.] The wrens, most properly so called: (a) As one of the restricted groups of Troglodytidæ, when the latter name is used in a broad sense. (b) As a subfamily of Lio- trichidæ or of Timeliidæ.
Winter Wren (Troglodytes hiemalis).
with ously restrict- ed.-2. [1. c.] Any bird of the genus Trogon in a broad sense, as a curucui or quetzal. The most brilliant and splendid of these birds, and one of the most gorgeous of resplendens, Pharomacrus mocinno, and by other names. The body is about as large as a pigeon's, but the long upper tail- coverts project beyond the tail for two feet or more, forming a graceful spray- son below.
Trogonidæ (tro-gon'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., Tro-
Troic are very beautiful birds, including about 50 species inhab-
Ethiopian region. A principal tech- nical character the structure of this character is correlated with of the flexor ten- In the skull ba- An African type of Trogonide (Hapaloderma are constantia). palate is desmognathous, the sternum is double-notched on each side behind, there is only one carotid (sinistral), cæca are present, the oil-gland is nude, the pterylosis is somewhat passerine, there are large aftershafts of the contour-feathers, and these feathers are peculiarly soft and of brilliant hues. The trogons inhabit the depths of the forest, and are both frugivorous and insectivorous. The African type of trogons is the genus Hapaloderma; the Oriental is Harpactes; the West Indian forms are Priotelus and Temnotrogon. The more numerous trogons of continental America have a characteristic coloration, the upper parts being green or brown, and the lower red or yellow with a white throat-bar. There are several genern of these besides Trogon, including Pharomacrus. One species, T. ambiguus, extends over the Mexican border of the United States in Arizona. See cut under Trogon. trogonoid (trō'go-noid), a. [trogon +-oid.] Resembling a trogon; belonging to the Trogonoideæ. Trogonoideæ (tro-go-noi'de-ē), n. pl. [NL., < ily of picarian birds, characterized by being hetTrogon +-oideæ.] The trogons as a superfamerodactylous and heteropelmous: a needless synonym of Heterodactylæ. Stejneger, 1885. Trogonophidæ (tro-go-nof'i-de), n. pl. [< Trogonophis + -idæ.] A family of ophiosaurian lizards, typified by the genus Trogonophis, and characterized by the acrodont dentition and the absence of fore limbs. Trogonophis (tro-gon'o-fis), n. [NL. (Kaup), Gr. Tpwywv (see Trogon) + opus, a snake.] A genus of snake-like lizards destitute of limbs, typical of the family Trogonophida. Trogosita (tro-go-si'tä), n. [NL. (Olivier, 1790), Gr. Tpúyεw, gnaw, toiros, corn, grain.] A cosmopolitan genus of clavicorn beetles, typical of the family Trogositidæ. They have the eyes the tibiæ not spinous, and the thorax trun transverse,
Trogosita corticalis. a, larva; c, its mandible; d, antenna; e, under side of the head; f, the two-horned anal plate; b, the beetle; h, its antenna; i, the mandible; g, labium and its palpi;, one of the maxilla and its palpus. (Lines show natural sizes of a and b.)
cate at the apex, with the lateral margin deflexed at the stored grain. T. (Tenebrioides) corticalis is American. Also Trogositidæ (trō-gō-sit′i-dē), n. pl. [NL. (Kir- by, 1837), < Trogosita + -idæ. A family of clavicorn beetles, allied to the Nitidulidæ, but separated by the slender tarsi, whose first joint is short. The family contains two groups, members of the first of which are elongate, with the prothorax nar- rowed behind, those of the second rounded and somewhat flattened. About 160 species are known, of which nearly 50 inhabit the United States; many are found under bark, and others live in fungi. trogue (trōg), n. [A var. of trough.] A wooden trough. [North. Eng.] Troic (tro'ik), a. [KL. Troicus, Gr. Tpwikós, of or pertaining to Troy, < Tpus, a Trojan; cf. Towás, the Troad, L. Troia, Troja, Troy.] Of or pertaining to ancient Troy or the Troas; Trojan; relating to the Trojan war. Glad- stone.
troika 6497 troika (troi'kä), n. [Russ. troika, < troe, troi, 6. To angle or fish in.
troilt, v. t. [ME. troilen, < OF. troiller, truiller, charm, deceive, < Icel. trylla, charm, fascinate, troll, a troll: see troll2.] To deceive; beguile.
By-hihtest heore and hym after to knowe, As two godes, with god bothe good and ille; Thus with treison and with trecherie thow troiledest hem bothe. Piers Plowman (C), xxi. 321.
troilite (troi'līt), n. [Named after D. Troili,
Trojan (trō'jan), a. and n. [= F. Troyen, L. Trojanus. Troja, Troia, Troy, Tros, Gr. Tpus, a Trojan, also the mythical founder of Troy, in Asia Minor.] I. a. Of or relating to ancient Troy, a celebrated city in Mysia, Asia Minor. Trojan War, in classical myth., a war waged for ten years by the confederated Greeks under the lead of Agamemnon, king of Mycenae and Argolis, against the Trojans and their allies, for the recovery of Helen (wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta or Lacedæmon), who had been carried away by Paris (son of the Trojan king Priam). II. n. 1. An inhabitant of Troy.-2. A plucky or determined fellow; one who fights or works with a will. [Colloq.]
He bore it [the amputation of his hand], in cors, like a Trojin. Thackeray, Yellowplush Papers, Mr. Deuceace [at Paris, vii. 3. A boon companion; an irregular liver: sometimes used loosely as a term of opprobrium. Tut! there are other Trojans that thou dreamest not of, the which for sport sake are content to do the profession some grace. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 1. 77. Sam the butler 's true, the cook a reverend Trojan. Fletcher and Shirley, Night-Walker, ii. 1. 4. pl. In entom., a name given by Linnæus to certain butterflies, mostly tropical and now generally included in the genus Papilio, characterized by their velvety-black colors with crimson spots on the wings and breast. Allied species of different colors were called Greeks, and both together formed the group Fquites. It is now known that certain "Trojans" are sexual varieties of the "Greeks,". but the names are still occasionally used. ;
troke (trōk), v. and n. An obsolete or Scotch form of truck1.
troll (trol), v. [Formerly also trole, troul, trowl; ME. trollen, roll, stroll, OF. troller, trauler, troler, run hither and thither, range, stroll, F. troler, lead, drag about, also stroll, ramble (Picard droler, go hither and thither, Norm. treuler, idle, lazy), prob. < MHG. trollen, G. trollen, roll, troll, run, dial. (Swiss) trohlen, roll, tröhlen, roll, bowl, = MD. drollen = LG. drulen, roll, troll. Cf. W. troelli, turn, wheel, whirl, troell, a whirl, wheel, reel, pulley, windlass, screw, trolian, trulian, troll, roll, trolio, trulio, roll, trolyn, a roller, trol, a roller, etc.; Bret. troel, a winding plant, tró, a circle. The relation of the Teut. and Celtic forms is uncertain. Cf. troll1, n., and trolley.] I. trans. 1. To roll; turn round.
To dress, and troll the tongue, and roll the eye. Milton, P. L., xi. 620. 2. To circulate; pass or send round, as a vessel of liquor at table.
Troll about the bridal bowl. B. Jonson, Love's Welcome at Welbeck.
Who still led the rustic ging, Drayton, Shepherd's Sirena. 4. To angle or fish for; especially, to angle for in a particular manner. See trolling. Hence5. To allure; entice; draw on.
trollopee ducting the current into the circuit of the mo- Goldsmith, Traveller, 1. 187. troll-flower (trōl'flou“èr), n. [< troll2 + flower.] trolling (tro'ling), n. [Verbal n. of troll1, v.] In fishing: (a) The method of dragging or trail- ing a fishing-line and hook behind a boat, at or near the surface of the water; trawling. The tackle consists of a strong hand-line from 25 to 75 yards long, and a spoon-hook, or one of the many kinds of spin- ning-baits, trolling-spoons, propellers, etc. Trolling is also sometimes practised from the shore with a rod. The hook may be baited, as with a minnow, but artificial lures are most used. (b) In Great Britain, a mode of fish- ing for pike with a rod and line, and with a dead bait, used chiefly when the water is full of weeds, rushes, etc. A gudgeon is the best bait, and is used by running longitudinally through it a piece of twisted brass wire, weighted with a long piece of lead, and having two hooks attached. The bait is dropped into holes, and is worked up and down by the lifting and falling of the rod-point. Compare trawling. trolling-bait (trō'ling-bat), n. A metallic re- Volving bait or lure used in trolling; a spoon- bait; a trolling-spoon. It is made of many shapes and sizes as variations of the trolling- A kind of grape.
He... trowls and baits him with a nobler prey. Hammond, Works, IV. viii.
With patient angle trolls the finny deep.
II. intrans. 1. To roll; roll in.
= = troll2 (trōl), n. [< Icel. troll Sw. troll = Dan. trold, a troll, D. drol LG. droll, a troll, a humorous fellow, droll, G. droll, troll, a troll, etc.: see droll.] In Northern myth., a super- natural being, in old Icelandic literature repre- sented as a kind of giant, but in modern Scandi- navia regarded as of diminutive size and inhab- iting a fine dwelling in the interior of some hill or mound, answering in some respects to the brownie of Scotland. The trolls are described as obliging and neighborly, lending and borrowing freely, and otherwise keeping up a friendly intercourse with man kind. But they have a sad propensity to thieving, steal- ing not only provisions, but even women and children. They can make themselves invisible, can confer personal strength and prosperity upon men, can foresee future events, etc. Keightley. troller (trō'lėr), n. [< troll1 + -er1.] One who up of several such threads. The ground is usu- forms of this lace.-Trolley system, the system of elec- 3. To sing in the manner of a catch or round; overhead above the cars.-Trolley-thread, in lace-mak- ing, one of the thick threads forming the border of the
Middleton and Rowley, Spanish Gypsy, i. 5. 2. To go round; pass; circulate sometimes with an indefinite it. Middleton, Chaste Maid, iii. 2.
The Bells a ringing, and the Bowls a trowling, the Fidlers fumbling and Tumbling. Brome, Queens Exchange, ii. 3. To stroll; ramble.
This thretty wynter, as I wene, hath he gone and preched; And thus hath he trolled forth this two and thretty wynter. Piers Plowman (B), xviii. 296.
4. To wag; move glibly. Fill him but a boule, it will make his tongue troule. little ball, etc., MLG. drol, drul, anything round.] 1. A going or moving round; roll; routine; repetition. = =
world besides substance and The troll of their categorical table might have informed Burke, Rev. in France. 2. A song the parts of which are sung in suc- cession; a round.-3. A reel on a fishing-rod.- 4. Same as trolley, 1.—5. An artificial lure used in trolling.-6. Any long unshapely thing that trails on the ground; any long thing. [Scotch.] -Feathered troll, a metal troll of oval or fish-like form
trolley-car (trol'i-kär), n. A car used on an electric trolley-road. trolley-line (trol'i-lin), n. A line of electric cars run on the trolley system. trolley-pole (trol'i-pol), n. In electric rail., a pole, carrying a conducting wire, connected with a street-railway car by a universal joint, and having at the upper end a trolley for con-
spoon. Trollinger (trō'ling-ér), n. See Hamburg, 1. trolling-hook (trōʻling-huk), n. A fish-hook used in trolling. trolling-rod (tro'ling-rod), n. A rod used in trolling, usually made of undressed bamboo, and about nine feet in length. trolling-spoon (tro'ling-spön), n. A trolling- bait or spoon-bait, fashioned like the bowl of a
Trolling-spoons. spoon, with a hook or hooks at one end, and gated linear clawed petals, each bearing a nectariferous gland. The fruit is a head of separate follicles. Several species are cultivated in gardens, and are known as globeflower, especially T. Europæus, also known as globe ranunculus and troll-flower, and in England as golden-ball and butter-basket, and northward as lockin gowan and lapper gowan. For T. laxus, see spreading globe-flower, under spread. troll-madam+ (trōl'mad" am), n. [An accom. form of OF. trou-madame, a game so called.] An old English game: same as pigeonholes. Also called trunks.
A fellow, sir, that I have known to go about with trollmy-dames. Shak., W. T., iv. 3. 92. trollol (trol'lol'), v. [<trol lol, like tra la, fol de rol, and other mere syllables used in singing.] To troll; sing in a jovial, rollicking way. They got drunk and trolloll'd it bravely. Roger North, Examen, p. 101. (Davies.) trollop (trol'op), v. i. [An extension of troll1; for the termination, cf. wallop, gallop. Cf. trollop, n.] 1. To draggle; hang in a wet state.2. To walk or work in a slovenly manner. Wedgwood. [Scotch in both senses.] hanging rag. [Scotch.]-2. A woman who is trollop (trol'op), n. [<trollop, v.] 1. A loose, slovenly in dress, appearance, or habits; a slattern; a draggletail; also, a woman morally loose.
Does it not argue rather the lascivious promptnesse of his own fancy, who from the harmelesse mention of a Sleckstone could neigh out the remembrance of his old conversation among the Viraginian trollops? Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus. trollopeet (trol-o-pē′), n. [< trollop + -ce2.] A loose dress for women.
trollopee There goes Mrs. Roundabout: I mean the fat lady in the lutestring trollopee. Goldsmith, On Dress. trolloping (trol'op-ing), a. [< trollop + -ing2.] Slovenly; sluttish; trollopish.
"Saw ever ony body the like o' that?" "Yes, you abominable woman," vociferated the traveller, "many have seen the like of it, and all will see the like of it that have anything to do with your trolloping sex!" Scott, Antiquary, i. trollopish (trol'op-ish), a. [< trollop + -ish1.] Like a trollop, especially in the sense of loosely or carelessly dressed, or accustomed to dress carelessly and without neatness; slovenly and loose in habit: noting a woman. trollopy (trol'op-i), a. [< trollop +-y1.] Same as trollopish. Jane Austen, Mansfield Park,
Xxxviii. troll-plate (trōl'plāt), n. In mach., a rotating disk employed to effect the simultaneous convergence or divergence of a number of objects, such as screw-dies in a stock, or the jaws of a universal chuck. E. H. Knight. trolly, n. See trolley. tromba (trom bä), n. [It.: see trump1.] Same as trumpet.-Tromba marina. Same as sea-trumpet, 1. trombidiid (trom-bid'i-id), a. and n. I. a. Pertaining to the Trombidiidæ; related to or resembling a harvest-mite. II. n. A mite of the family. Trombidiidæ; a harvest-mite. Trombidiida (trom-bi-di'i-dē), n. pl. [NL. (Leach, 1814, as Trombidides), < Trombidium + -idæ.] A family of tracheate acarids, whose type genus is Trombidium; the ground-, garden-, harvest-, or soldier-mites, which have the palpi converted into raptorial organs. They are closely related to the Tetranychidæ, or spinning-mites, but are larger, velvety and opaque, and usually of brilliant colors, as scarlet or vermilion. They also differ in being predaceous and carnivorous, the spinning-mites being vegetable-feeders. Several genera and many species have been described, and the family is represented in all parts of the world. Trombidium fasciculatum of the East Indies, one third of an inch long, is the largest acarid known. The Trombidiidae are strictly predatory in the adult stage, but their larvae, although originally no more parasitic than a gnat or a leech, will yet attach themselves to the bodies of animals, or even to man himself, and are usually sepa. rated only by death or artificial means, causing consider able irritation while present. Some are known by the b name of harvest-bug in England, and rouget in France, being the Lep autumnalis of earlier entomologists. Trombidium (trom-bid'i-um), n. [NL. (Fabricius, 1776, as Trombidion).] A genus of mites, typical of the family Trombidiidæ. The body is divided into two parts. The small anterior and inferior part bears the eyes, mouth, and first two pairs of legs; the other, much larger, swollen and velvety, bears the last two pairs of legs. These mites are mainly parasitic,
6498 troopial trommel, according as it is used for sizing or for truppa (ML. troppus, tropus), a company, troop; cleaning ores. See sizing1, 3. origin unknown. According to Diez, a change, in the mouth of Germans, from L. turba into *trupa, whence, by change of gender, tropus, troppus. Cf. tropel.] 1. An assemblage of people; a multitude; a company; a band.
Trombone, with Slide. length of the tube is increased and its proper tone lowered. Since a full set of harmonics can be produced from any of many positions of the slide, the compass is long, and the intonation may be made very precise. The tone is peculiarly rich and solemn. Exceedingly fine harmonic effects may be produced by combining trombones of different sizes and fundamental pitches, which are called alto, tenor, and bass trombones respectively. The trombone is thought to have been known in ancient times. It is now a regular constituent of the orchestra and of the military band. For the latter it is sometimes made with valves or keys instead of a slide, but its characteristic tone and its flexibility of intonation are thus lost.
A trommel is a barrel in the form of a cylinder or of a truncated cone, horizontal or slightly inclined, turning round its own axis. It is the machine employed for similar purposes in most other industries; the only wonder is that so long a time elapsed before it was adopted in dressing ores, for it furnishes the best possible means not only of cleaning the ore, but also of sizing it. Callon, Lectures on Mining (trans.). [< Gr. τρόμος, tromometer (tro-mom'e-tėr), n. a trembling (Tpéμew = L. tremere, tremble: see tremble), +μέrpov, measure.] An instrument for measuring very slight earthquake-shocks, or vibrations of the earth's surface such as are
sometimes called earth-tremors; a microseismograph. Numerous have been tried with some form of micrometric apparatus. for this purpose, most of which combine the pendulum tromometric (trom-o-metʻrik), a. [< tromometeric.] Of or pertaining to the tromometer. Nature, XLIII. 520. trompt, trompe1t. Obsolete forms of trump1. trompe2 (tromp), n. [F. trompe, lit. a trump: see trump1.] The apparatus by which the blast is produced in the Catalan forge. It is a simple, effective, and ingenious contrivance for producing a continuous and equable blast, but its use is restricted to localities where a fall of water from a height of several yards can be obtained. The principle is that water can be made to fall through a pipe in such a way that it will draw in through side openings a considerable amount of air, which by a simple and ingenious arrangement can be utilized as a constant current or blast, and which has the merit of costing almost nothing. It has been utilized to a limited extent elsewhere than in the department of Ari ge, in the south of France, where it was formerly very generally employed. Iron has been made in that district for more than 600 years, but the use of the trompe was not introduced until the end of the seventeenth century. François. trompille (trom-pēl'), n. [F.] One of the two long conical tubes through which the air enters the so-called "tree" (arbre) or air-pipe of the trompe, according to a method sometimes adopted. In general, however, the air finds admittance through two similar rectangular holes at the top of the tree, opposite each other, and inclining downward at an angle of about 40°.
Locust Mite (Trombidium locustarum). and many of them a, nature mite, natural size in outline; b, tronage (tronʻāj), n. [<tron-age.] 1. A larva, same relative enlargement. are bright-red. T. locustarum feeds upon the eggs of the Rocky Mountain locust or hateful grasshopper, Caloptenus (or Melanoplus) spretus. See also cut under harvest-tick.
royal tax upon wool. See tronator.-2. See the quotation.
We come by troops to the place of assembly, that, being banded as it were together, we may be supplicants enough to besiege God with our prayers.
Next unto this stockes is the parish church of S. Mary Woll-Church, so called of a beame placed in the churchyard which was thereof called Wooll church-haw, of the tronage, or weighing of wooll there used. Stowe, Survey of London (ed. 1633), p. 244. tronator (tron'a-tor), n. [ML., < trona, a tron: see tron, trone1.] "An official whose duty it was to weigh wool and receive the custom or toll termed tronage. Archæol. Inst. Jour., XVII. 165. tronchon1t, tronchount, n. Obsolete forms of truncheon.
Tertullian, quoted in Hooker's Eccles. Polity, v. 24. Honour, love, obedience, troops of friends, I must not look to have. Shak., Macbeth, v. 3, 25. There was a troup o' gentlemen Came riding merrilie by. The Broom of Cowdenknows (Child's Ballads, IV. 45). 2. A body of soldiers: generally used in the plural, signifying soldiers in general, whether more or less numerous, and whether belonging to the infantry, cavalry, or artillery.
Tony's beat of the troop was the signal for the soldiers to assemble. S. Judd, Margaret, i. 13. 7. A herd or flock of beasts or birds: as, a troop of antelopes or sparrows.-Household troops. See household.- Subsidiary troops. See subof,sidiary. troop (tröp), v. [<troop, n.] I. intrans. 1. To What would ye, soldiers? wherefore troop ye Like mutinous madmen thus?
Farewell the plumed troop, and the big wars, That make ambition virtue!
trompourt, trompert, n. Obsolete forms trumper. tron (tron), n. [A var. of trone1.] 1. A wooden pillar or post set up in a market-place and supporting a horizontal beam on which were hung the town scales for weighing wool and other articles: hence the phrases tron weight, tron stone, tron pound, etc. Also trone.-2. A wooden air-shaft in a mine.-Tron weight, a standard of weight formerly in use in Scotland, for weighing wool, cheese, butter, and other home productions. The tron pound ranged, in different counties, from 21 to 28 ounces avoirdupois. The later tron stone contained 16 tron pounds of 1.3747 pounds avoirdupois each. trona (trō'nä), n. [Prob. a North African form ult. connected with natron.] The native soda of Egypt, a hydrous carbonate of sodium, 3. To march off in haste. Na2CO3.HNaCO3 + 2H2O. It also occurs at Borax Lake, San Bernardino county, California, in Churchill county, Nevada, and elsewhere. Urao, from a lake in Venezuela, is the same compound.
And frae his body taken the head, And quarter'd him up a trone. The Gallant Grahams (Child's Ballads, VII. 143). 2. A market or market-place.-Trone weight. Same as tron weight (which see, under tron). A small drain. [Prov. Eng.] trone? (trōn), n. tronest, n. and v. A Middle English form of trombonist (tromʼbō-nist), n. [< trombone + throne. -ist.] A player on the trombone. troolie-palm (tröʻli-päm), ». A name of the trommel (trom ́el), n. [< G. trommel, a drum: bussu-palm. see drum.] In mining, a revolving cylindrical troop (tröp), n. [Formerly also troope, troupe sieve for cleaning or sizing ore. Also called (still used in some senses); < F. troupe, OF. sizing-trommel and washing-drum or washing- trope, trupe = Pr. trop = Sp. Pg. tropa = It.
Shak., Othello, iii. 3. 349. had but 800 troops, of whom 200 only were Europeans, to Colonel Prendergast, the commandant of the station, meet a force of overwhelming superiority in numbers. Cornhill Mag., Oct., 1888, p. 380. 3. In cavalry, the unit of formation, consisting usually of sixty troopers, commanded by a captain, and corresponding to a company of infantry.
When a troop dismounts and acts on foot, it is still called by that name. Stocqueler. Hence-4. The command by commission and rank of such a troop of horse. His papa would have purchased him a troop-nay, a lieutenant-colonelcy-some day, but for his fatal excesses. Thackeray, Fitz-Boodle's Confessions. 5. A band or company of performers; a troupe. 6. A particular roll or call of the drum; a signal for marching.
Fletcher, Loyal Subject, iv. 7.
Now from the roost Nor do I as an enemy to peace
Aurora's harbinger, At whose approach, ghosts, wandering here and there, Troop home to churchyards. Shak., M. N. D., iii. 2. 382. But, whatever she had to say for herself, she was at last forced to troop off. Addison, Spectator, No. 464. He was generally seen trooping like a colt at his mother's heels. Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 48. 4+. To associate or consort.
A snowy dove trooping with crows. Shak., R. and J., i. 5. 50. II. trans. 1. To associate as in a troop or company.
tronchon2+, n. See trunchon2. tronçonnée (F. pron. trôn-so-nā'), a. [F. tronçonné, < tronçon, a stump: see truncheon.] In trooper (trö’pèr), n. く her., same as shivered: noting a tilting-lance. trone1 (tron or trōn), n. [<OF.trone (ML.trona), a weighing-machine, < Icel. trana, trani, m., = Dan. trane, a crane: see crane2.] 1. Same as tron, 1.
To troope my selfe with such a crew of men As shall so fill the downes of Affrica. Greene, Orlando Furioso, 1. 213. 2. To form into troops, as a regiment.- Trooping the colors, in the British army, an elaborate ceremony performed at the public mounting of garrison guards. troop-bird (tröp ́bėrd), n. A troopial. [= F. troupier; as troop +-er1.] 1. A private soldier in a body of cavalry; a horse-soldier.
The troopers, according to custom, fired without having dismounted. Scott, Old Mortality, xvi. 2. A cavalry horse; a troop-horse.-3. A troopship.-Native trooper, in Australia, a member of a body of mounted police recruited from the aborigines and officered by white men.- Trooper's damn. See damn. troop-fowl (tröp'foul), n. The American scaup: chusetts.] same as flocking-fowl. F. C. Browne. troop-horse (tröp ́hôrs), n. [Massa
A cavalry horse. How superlatively happy, however, must he have been in the possession of one of these wonderful horses! warranted chargers - troop-horses, every one! J. Ashton, Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, I. 11.
troopial (trö'pi-al), n. [Also troupial; < F. troupiale, < troupe, troop: see troop. A book
troopial name, originating with French naturalists, of those American blackbirds (Icterida) which go in flocks. They are mostly the marsh-blackbirds, of the subfamilies Agelæinæ and Quiscalinæ, as the cowtroopial, red-winged blackbird. and crow-blackbird or pur
Common Troopial (Icterus vulgaris). ple grackle. The term extends to the whole family, and thus includes the American orioles or hangnests, as the Baltimore and the orchard orioles. The bird here figured is one of the orioles; it is le troupiale of Brisson, the type species of his genus Icterus (see Icterus, 3), from which the family Icterida is named. The male is jet-black and rich-yellow in large massed areas, varied with white on the wings. This troopial is native of tropical America, and is often seen in cages. See also cuts under Agelæinæ, cow-bird, crow-blackbird, and rusty. troop-mealt (tröp'mel), adv. [< troop + -meal as in piecemeal, etc.] By troops; in crowds. So troope-meale Troy pursu'd awhile, laying on with swords Chapman, Iliad, xvii. 634. troop-ship (tröp'ship), n. A ship for the conveyance of troops; a transport. In that terrible storm off the Cape, in September, 1824, I certainly did suffer most cruelly on that horrible troop-ship. Thackeray, Philip, xvi. troostite (trös'tīt), n. [Named from Dr. G. Troost, of Nashville, Tennessee.] A variety of the zinc silicate willemite, occurring in hexagonal crystals of a reddish color. It contains considerable manganese. tropæolin (tro-pe o-lin), n. [< Tropæolum + -in2.] The general name of a number of orange dyes of very complex composition. They are sulphonic acids. Tropæolum (tro-pe'o-lum), n. [NL. (Linnæus, 1737), Gr. Tроnаios, of a turning or change: see trophy.] A genus of polypetalous plants, of the order Geraniaceæ, distinguished from Pelargonium, the other genus of the tribe Pelargonieæ, by its solitary ovules and indehiscent carpels without beaks. There are about 40 species, all natives of South America or Mexico. They are climbers or rarely diffuse herbs, bearing alternate lobed or dissected leaves which are peltate or palmately angled. The flowers are red, orange, or yellow, rarely purple or blue. They are solitary in the axils, often on long peduncles, and are followed by a fruit of three rugose indehiscent carpels, pervaded by a pungent principle, as is the whole plant, and sometimes used as pickles. Many spe cies are cultivated for ornament under the name nasturtium, especially T. majus, also known as Indian cress and lark's-heel. For T. peregrinum, see canary-bird flower, under canary-bird. See nasturtium, 2, and cut under spur, 2. troparion (tro-pā'ri-on), n.; pl. troparia (-ä). [< LGг. Tроráptov, a modulation, short hymn, stanza, dim. of Tрónоç, a musical mode.] In the Gr. Ch., a short hymn or a stanza of a hymn. This name is given to the stanzas of the odes of a canon (an initial and model stanza being, however, called a hirmos), and in general to any of the short hymns which abound in the offices of the Greek Church. trope (trōp), n. [< F. trope = Sp. Pg. It. tropo, <L. tropus, a figure in rhetoric, a song, ML. a versicle, Gr. Tрóñоç, a turn, way, manner, style, a trope or figure of speech, a mode in music, a mode or mood in logic, < Tрéπε, turn, = L. *trepere (trepit), turn. Cf. troper, trover, troubadour.] 1. In rhet., a figurative use of a word; a word or expression used in a different sense from that which properly belongs to it, or a word changed from its original signification to another for the sake of giving spirit or emphasis to an idea, as when we call a stupid fellow an ass, or a shrewd man a fox. Tropes are chiefly of four kinds: metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony; but to these may be added allegory, prosopopoia, hyperbole, antonomasia, and some others. Tropes are included under figures in the wider sense of that word. In a narrower sense, a trope is a change of meaning, and a figure any ornament except what becomes so by such change. Is not the trope of music, to avoid or slide from the close or cadence, common with the trope of rhetoric, of deceiving expectation? Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. Wee acknowledge and beleeve the Catholick reformed Church, and if any man be dispos'd to use a trope or figure, as Saint Paul once did in calling her the common Mother of us all, let him doe as his owne rethorick shall perswade him. Milton, On Def, of Humb. Remonst
6499 Your occasional tropes and flowers suit the general coarseness of your style as tambour sprigs would a ground of linsey-woolsey. Sheridan, Critic, i. 1. Tropes are good to clothe a naked truth, And make it look more seemly. Tennyson, Queen Mary, iii. 4.
2. In Gregorian music, a short cadence or closing formula by which particular melodies are distinguished. Also called differentia and distinctio.-3. In liturgics, a phrase, sentence, or verse occasionally accompanying or interpolated in the introit, Kyrie, Gloria in Excelsis, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei in different parts of the Western Church. Since the sixteenth century tropes have no longer been used.-4. A geometrical singularity, the reciprocal of a node. In the case of a plane curve, it is a multiple tangent; in the case of a torse, a multiple plane; in the case of a surface, either a plane having a conic of contact or a torse bearing two or more lines of contact. Syn. 1. See simile. tropelt, n. [ME. tropel, OF. tropel, later troupeau, a troop, dim. of trope, troop: see troop.] A troop. Barbour, Bruce, xiii. 275. troper (tro'per), n. [< ME. tropere,<AS. tropere, < ML. troparium, troparion (also troparius), a book of tropes, < tropus, a trope, versicle: see trope, 3.] An office-book formerly used in the Western Church, containing the tropes and sequences. See trope, 3. Also tropary, troperium. (hymnarius, P.). Tropere (or ympner, H. or an hymnar, P.), Troparius Prompt. Parv., p. 503. trophesial (tro-fe'şi-al), a. [<trophesy +-al.] Noting disorder of the nervous function which regulates nutrition. trophesy (trof'e-si), n.; pl. trophesies (-siz). [Irreg. Gr. rpoon, nourishment, + -sy, appar. taken from dropsy, palsy, etc., with a vague notion that it denotes a morbid state.] The result of a disorder of the nerve-force regulating nutrition.
Excessive thought, without anxiety, uses up the maBut excesterials subservient to sensory excitation. sive thought, with mental anxiety, care, and pain, as grief, is much more exhausting, and therefore more commonly followed by trophesies. E. C. Mann, Psychol. Med., p. 349. trophi (tro'fi), n. pl. [NL., <Gr. podós, a feeder, nurse, pépeiv, nourish, feed.] 1. In entom., those mouth-parts which are employed in taking food and preparing it for swallowing. The trophi include the fabium, labrum, maxilla, mandibles, and lingua. They were formerly called instrumenta ci baria.
2. The teeth of the mastax or pharynx of rotifers; the calcareous mastacial armature of wheel-animalcules. They are diversiform and often complicated structures. Named parts of the trophi are a median incudal piece, or incus, consisting of a central fulcrum and a pair of rami, and two hammer-like pieces, the malleoli, each consisting of a handle or manubrium and a head or uncus, which is often pectinate.
trophic (trof'ik), a. [K Gr. τpoph, nourishment, nutrition, food (< Tpepew, nourish), + -ic.] Of or pertaining to nourishment or nutrition; concerned in nutritive processes. If the trophic series be abnormal, the kinetic series is apt to be abnormal. F. Warner, Physical Expression, p. 278. The ganglia upon the dorsal roots of the myelonal nerve trunks seem to preside in some way over the nutrition of those roots, and are therefore said to have a trophic action. Wilder and Gage, Anat. Tech., p. 371. Trophic center, a nerve-center that regulates nutrition. Trophic nerve, a nerve which directly influences the nutrition of the tissue to which it goes. trophical (trof'i-kal), a. [< trophic + -al.] Same as trophic. [Rare.] trophied (tro'fid), a. [< trophy +-ed2.] Adorned with trophies.
Some greedy minion, or imperious wife,
Trophis (tro'fis), n. [NL. (Linnæus, 1763), so named because its leaves and twigs are used in Jamaica as fodder; Gr. Tpópis, well-fed, < pédev, nourish, feed.] A genus of plants, of the order Urticaceæ, tribe Moreæ, and subtribe Eumorea. It is characterized by dioecious flowers, the female tubular and disposed in few-flowered spikes, the male in loose or interrupted spikes. There are 5 or 6'species, all American, occurring in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Andes. They are trees or shrubs with alternate petioled leaves, which are finely and conspicuously feather veined and reticulated. The flowers are sessile or nearly so, their spikes solitary or twin in the axils, the fertile followed by a globose fleshy fruit closely united with the perianth-tube and crowned by its minute border. For T. Americana, see ramoon.
trophoblast (trof'o-blåst), n. [< Gr. τροφή, nourishment, + ẞhaorós, a germ.] An external epiblastic layer that does not enter into the formation of the embryo, but does take an active part in nutritional processes intended for it; the blastocystic ectoderm.
trophosphere If we agree to drop all these [old names] where the lower mammals are concerned, and henceforth to designate the outer layer alone as trophoblast, the outer layer plus a thin layer of somatic mesoblast without bloodvessels as diplotrophoblast (= V. Baer's serous envelop), the portion of the diplotrophoblast against which the yolk-sac with its area vasculosa adheres as omphaloidean diplotrophoblast, that against which the allantois does the same as allantoidean diplotrophoblast, then we have avoided misunderstandings that might arise from the indiscriminate use of the term chorion. Hubrecht, Quart. Jour. Micros. Sci., N. S., XXX. 383.
trophoblastic (trof-o-blas'tik),a. [<trophoblast +-ic.] Of the nature of a trophoblast; pertainN. S., XXX. 301. ing to trophoblasts. Quart. Jour. Micros. Sci., trophocalyx (trof'o-ka-liks), n. [< Gr. τροφή, nourishment, + káλvs, a calyx: see calyx.] See trophosphere. trophodisk (trof'o-disk), n. [< Gr. Tрopn, nourishment, + diokos, a quoit, disk: see disk.] See trophosphere. tropholecithal (trof-o-les'i-thal), a. [< tropho lecithus-al.] Of the nature of or pertaining to the tropholecithus; trophic or nutritive, as yolk. tropholecithus (trof-o-les'i-thus), n. [NL., < Gr. Tpopí, nourishment, +λékos, the yolk of an egg.] In embryol., the food-yolk, or nutritive yolk; the vitellus nutritivus of a meroblastic egg, not undergoing segmentation, as distinguished from the morpholecithus, or true formative yolk.
.. • The nutritive yelk, or tropholecithus, . is a mere appendage of the true egg-cell, and contains hoarded foodsubstance, so that it forms a sort of storehouse for the the course of its evolution.
Ilaeckel, Evol. of Man (trans.), I. 216. trophoneurosis (trof"o-nu-ro'sis), n.; pl. trophoneuroses (-sez). [NL.,< Gr. Tpop, nourishment, + NL. neurosis, q. v.] The disturbance of the nutrition of a part through derangement of the trophic action of nerves supplying it. See trophopathy and trophesy.-Romberg's trophoneurosis, facial hemiatrophy. trophoneurotic (trof"o-nu-rot'ik), a. [< trophoneurosis (-ot-) +-ic.] Pertaining to or of the nature of trophoneurosis. Trophonian (tro-fo'ni-an), a. [Gr. Tropivios, Trophonius (see def.), +-an.] Pertaining to Trophonius, a mythical Grecian architect, or his cave or his architecture. Trophonius was said to be the inspired builder of the original temple of Apollo at Delphi, and part of the structure of the adytum of the historical temple was held to have survived from his work. After his death he was worshiped as a god, and had a famous oracle in a cavern near Lebadia in Bootia.
trophopathy (tro-fop'a-thi), n. [< Gr. τροφή, nourishment, +álos, suffering.] Perversion of the nutrition of some tissue.
= trophophore (trof'o-fōr), n. [< Gr. Tрopý, nourishment, + pépew E. bear1.] One of the wandering nutritive amoebiform cells of sponges which accumulate in the inhalent passages and ciliated chambers of the sponge, and from which gemmules or embryos are formed. trophophorous (tro-fof'o-rus), a. [< trophophore-ous.] Of the nature of trophophores; pertaining to trophophores. trophoplast (trof'o-plåst), n. [ Gr. τροφή, nourishment, + haorós, verbal adj. of Tháσoε, mold or form in clay, wax, etc.: see plastic.] In bot., a plastid. Meyer. Each protoplast possesses the organs necessary for continuous transmission: the nucleus for new nuclei, the trophoplasts for new granules of all kinds, according to the needs of the plant. Science, XIV. 355. trophosomal (trof'o-so-mal), a. [trophosome +al.] Nutritive, as an aggregate of gastrozoöids; forming or pertaining to a trophosome. trophosome (trof'o-sōm), n. [Gr. Tpoph, nourishment, + oua, body.] The body of nutritive zoöids of any hydrozoan; an aggregate of gastrozoöids forming a colony of polypites which tinguished from gonosome, both being among do not develop free generative persons: disthe parts of an entire hydrosome. Allman. trophosperm (trof'o-sperm), n. [< Gr. Tроn, nourishment, oneрua, seed.] In bot., same as trophospermium. trophospermium (trof-o-spèr'mi-um), n. [NL.: see trophosperm.] In bot., same as placenta. Richard.
trophosphere (trof'o-sfer), n. [< Gr. Tpoon, nourishment, + opaipa, a sphere.] In embryol., a zone of modified cellular tissue interposed between the decidual stroma and the blasto cyst, formed of the trophoblastic (embryonal) and trophospongian (maternal) layers. It is so called in Erinaceus, where it is of a spherical shape, but in other mammals it may be called trophodisk, trophocalyx,
trophosphere 6500 N. S., XXX. 322. = = etc., according to its shape. Quart. Jour. Micros. Sci., trophy-money (tro'fi-mun"i), n. A duty for- (cf. D. G. tropisch Sw. Dan. tropisk, a.), <LL. tropicus, of or pertaining to the solstice (Capri- cornus tropicus, the tropic of Capricorn), as a noun, one of the tropics; Gr. Tрoikós, of or Pertaining to a turn or change, or the sol- stice, or a trope or figure, tropic, tropical; as a noun, o porkós (Sc. Kiklos), the solstice, pl. οἱ τροπικοί (sc. κύκλοι), the tropie cireles; <τροπή, a turn, turning, solstice, trope: see trope.] I. a. Pertaining to the tropics (the regions so called); tropical. II. n. 1t. The turning-point; a solstitial point.
trophospongia (trof-ō-spon'ji-ä), n. [< Gr. the chemical nature of its environment, as nourishment, + E. zoöid.] A nutritive zoöid of any organism; a gastrozoöid. See tropho- some. Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 615. trophy (tro'fi), n.; pl. trophies (-fiz). [Early mod. E. trophie, trophee, OF. trophee, F. tro- phée Pg. tropheo Sp. It. trofeo, L. trophæ- um, prop. tropæum, a sign of victory, a vic- tory, a mark, sign, monument, Gr. Tрónαιov, a monument of an enemy's defeat, a trophy, neut. of rроnaioç, Attic rрónаιоç, of defeat, of change or turning, < Tроný, defeat, rout, put- ting to flight, lit. a turning' (hence also the solstice), TрÉTEL, turn: see trope, tropic.] 1. In antiq., a monument or memorial in com- memoration of a victory. It consisted of some of the arms and other spoils of the vanquished enemy hung upon the trunk of a tree or a pillar or upright by the vic- tor, either on the field of battle or in his home city. If for a naval victory, the trophy was set up on the nearest land. The custom of erecting trophies was most general among the Greeks, but it passed at length to the Romans. It was the practice also to have representations of trophies carved in stone, bronze, etc. In modern times trophies have been dedicated (see def. 2), in churches and other public buildings, to commemorate victories. See cut un- der Nike. 6
And thou thy selfe (O Saul), whose Conquering hand Had yerst with Tropheis filled all the Land, As far as Tigris, from the Iaphean Sea. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Trophies. And trophies, reared of spoiled enemies, Whose tops pierced through the clouds and hit the skies. B. Jonson, Prince Henry's Barriers. 2. Anything taken and preserved as a memorial of victory, as arms, flags, or standards captured from an enemy. And for a trophy brought the Giant's coat away, Made of the beards of Kings. Drayton, Polyolbion, iv. 317. Over the chimney-piece was a small mirror, and above that the trophy of a fox's brush. Bulwer, Kenelm Chillingly, ii. 9. 3. Something regarded as a memorial or evidence of victory; a prize. This is that famoused trophy which Philip would have his son Alexander in the games of Olympus to wrestle for. Ford, Honour Triumphant, ii. 4. A memorial; a memento.
The mere word 's a slave Debosh'd on every tomb, on every grave A lying trophy. Shak., All's Well, ii. 3. 146. At one point we met a party, women among them, bringing off various trophies they had picked up on the battle field. O. W. Holmes, Old Vol. of Life, p. 40. 5. An ornamental group of objects, such as weapons, memorials of the chase, or flags, arranged on a wall, or a symbolic or typical grouping of exhibits at an exposition or the like; also, in decoration, a representation of such a group. See trophy decoration, under decoration.
This signe of Capricorne is also cleped the tropik of 2. In astron., one of two circles on the celestial sphere whose distances from the equator are each equal to the obliquity of the ecliptic, or 2340 nearly. The northern one touches the ecliptic at the sign Cancer, and is thence called the tropic of Cancer, the southern one being for a similar reason called the tropic of Capricorn. The sun's annual path in the heavens is bounded by these two circles, and they are called tropics because when the sun, in his journey northward or south- ward, reaches either of them, he, as it were, turns back, and travels in an opposite direction in regard to north and south.
3. In geog., one of two parallels of latitude,
4. pl. With the definite article: the regions ly- There are many things delivered rhetorically, many expressions therein merely tropical. Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, Pref. Tropical abscess, abscess of the liver, occurring as a eases, diseases met with, as a rule, solely in the tropics. in dis -Tropical duckweed. See Pistia.-Tropical grape. Tropicalia (trop-i-ka'li-ä), n. [NL., < Gг. проπ- Kós, tropic, + a2s, sea.] In zoogeog., the trop- ical marine realm, one of the primo zoological divisions of the seas of the globe, between the isocrymes of 68° F. north and south: same as Dana's torrid-zone or coral-reef seas. Tropicalian (trop-i-ka'li-an), a. [< Tropicalia
The Mouse-trap. Marry, how? Tropically. Shak., Hamlet, iii. 2. 247. One of several tropic-bird (trop'ik-berd), n. natatorial totipalmate birds of the family Phaë- thontida: so called because usually seen in tropical regions. They are beautiful birds of buoyant and dashing flight, resembling sea-swallows or terns, but with the two middle tail-feathers filamentous and long- exserted beyond the rest. They are somewhat larger than pigeons, white variously marked with black on the upper parts, and tinted with pink or salmon-color, especially on the long tail-feathers, and when adult have the bill red or yellow. The feet are small, and all four toes are united by webs. The two best-known species are the yellow-billed and the red-billed, Phaethon flavirostris and P. æthereus. Though resembling terns, they belong to a different order of birds, their nearest relatives being the frigate-pelicans or man-of-war birds. See cut under Phaethon.
tropicopolitan (trop"i-ko-pol'i-tan), a. [<trop-
tropology Among birds and reptiles we have several families which, from being found only within the tropics of Asia, Africa, and America, have been termed tropicopolitan groups. A. R. Wallace.
tropidial (tro-pid'i-al), a. méril and Bibron), Gr. Tрónis (Tроru), keel, + yaoτhp, stomach.] 1. A genus of iguanian liz- ards, as T. blainvillei, having the ventral scales three-keeled and no femoral pores.-2. [l. c.] A member of this genus. Tropidolepis (trop-i-dol'e-pis), n. [NL. (Cu- vier, 1829), < Gr. τρόπις (τρόπιδ-), keel, + λεπίς, scale.] 1. A genus of lizards: a synonym of Sceloporus.-2. [l. c.] A member of this genus. The common fence-lizard of the United States, Sceloporus undulatus, has been called the waved tropidolepis. See cut under Sceloporus.
Tropidonotus (trop "i-do-no'tus), n. [NL. (Kuhl), Gr. TрóжIç (трожId-), keel, + vāros, vatov, the back.] A genus of ordinary colubriform serpents, of the family Colubridæ, including
Common Ringed Snake (Tropidonotus natrix). such as T. natrix, the common ringed snake of Europe. The name has been loosely used for many serpents not generically the same as the above. See also cut under snake. Tropidorhynchus (trop"i-do-ring'kus), n. [NL. (Vigors and Horsfield, 1826), < Gr. TрÓTIS (Tроd-), keel, + púyxos, snout, beak.] A genus of Australian meliphagine birds. T. corniculatus is the well-known friar-bird or leatherhead. See cut under friar-bird. tropidosternal (trop"i-do-ster'nal), a. [< Gr. τρόπις (τροπιδ-), keel, + στέρνον, breast-bone.] Keeled, as a breast-bone; having a keeled sternum; carinate, as a bird. See cut under carinate.
Tropidosternii (trop "i-do-ster'ni-i), n. pl. tropist (tro'pist), n. [< trope + -ist.] One who deals in tropes; especially, one who explains the Scriptures by tropes, or figures of speech. tropologic (trop-o-loj'ik), a. [< tropolog-y+ -ic.] Same as tropological. tropological (trop-o-loj'i-kal), a. [<tropologic +-al.] Figurative: as, tropological interpre- tation.
We are to take the second signification, the tropological or figurative. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 121. In a tropologically (trop-o-loj'i-kal-i), adv. tropological or figurative manner. tropologize (tro-pol'o-jiz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. tropologized, ppr. tropologizing. [tropolog-y+ -ize.] To use in a tropological sense, as a word; change to a figurative sense; use as a trope. If Athena or Minerva be tropologized into prudence. Cudworth, Intellectual System, p. 520. tropology (tro-pol'o-ji), n.; pl. tropologies (-jiz). [Gr. Tpóños, a figure of speech, a trope, + -λογία, < λέγειν, say (see -ology).] 1. A rhetorical or figurative mode of speech; the use of tropes or metaphors. Hee also blamed those that by Allegories and Tropologies peruert and obscure the Historie of their Gods. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 87. Page 26
tropology Whether due to tropology, or to whatever other cause, multivocals.. ... are unwisely condemned, or deprecated. F. Hall, Mod. Eng., p. 170. 2. A treatise on tropes or figures. Learned persons who have written vocabularies, tropologies, and expositions of words and phrases. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 121. trosserst, n. pl. An obsolete form of trousers. trot1 (trot), v.; pret. and pp. trotted, ppr. trot- ting. [< ME. trotten, < OF. trotter, troter, F. trotter = Pr. Sp. Pg. trotar = It. trottare, trot, ML. *trottare, trotare, trot, go; prob. OHG. trottōn, tread, MHG. trotten, run (G. trotten, trottieren, trot, after Rom.), freq. of OHG. tre- tan, MHG. G. treten, tread: see tread, and cf. trod, trode. The usual derivation, < ML. *tolu- tare, through the assumed series *tlutare, > *tlo- tare, trotare, trot (see tolutation), is improba- ble. I. intrans. 1. To go at a quick, steady pace; run; go.
This lovely boy bestrid a Scythian steed,
He made him turn, and stop, and bound, He scarce could stand on any ground,
6501 troubadour a horse, to show his paces; hence, to bring or draw out 2. Faith; fidelity: as, to pledge or plight one's
They would sit for hours solemnly trotting out for one
= = Pr. tion is reversed, and the pair of limbs on the same side trotter, and cut in preceding column. The canter is to the gallop very much what the walk is to the trot. Youatt, The Horse (Treatise on Draught). In those days, the Star Cambridge Coach, which left the Belle Sauvage Yard in Ludgate Hill about 4 P. M., threaded all the streets between its starting-point and Shoreditch Church at a trot. Quarterly Rev., CXLVI. 198. 3. A toddling child; in general, a child: a term of endearment.
Drayton, Nymphidia. 3. To use a "pony" or some similar means in studying; "pony": as, to trot a lesson. [College slang, U. S.]—To trot out, to cause to trot, as
Ethel romped with the little children-the rosy little trots. Thackeray, Newcomes, x. 4. A “pony”; a "crib." [College slang, U. S.] -5. A trot-line. [U.S.]-6. A small line that sets off from the main trot-line, to the extreme end of which the hook is fastened. See trot- line. [U.S.]-Eggwife-trot. Same as egg-trot. trot2+ (trot), n. [A var. of trat.] An old wo- man: a term of disparagement.
An aged trot and tough did marie with a lad.
An old trot with ne'er a tooth in her head. zies, trotcosies (-ziz). [Appar. so called as en- abling one to 'trot,' drive, or travel 'cozy' or warm, trot + cozy; less prob. orig. *throat- cozy, throat + cozy.] A warm covering for the head, neck, and breast in cold weather when one is traveling. [Scotch.]
cozy. The upper part of his form... was shrouded in a large great-coat belted over his under habiliments, and crested with a huge cowl of the same stuffs, which, when drawn over the head and hat, completely overshadowed both, and, being buttoned beneath the chin, was called a trotScott, Waverley, i. 318. trotevalet, . [ME., appar. < OF. *trotevale (perhaps referring orig. to Scandinavian myths), < Icel. Thrudhvaldr, a title of Thor (Thrudhvaldr godha, the heroic defender of the gods), < Thrudhr, used only as the name of a goddess and of a woman, also in compound names (= AS. Thritho, the name of a woman; cf. OHG. truta, G. dial. trute, drude, a witch), + -valdr, < valda, rule: see wield. Cf. walterot.] A trifling thing.
To a gret lady that day be trought plight, Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 822. Having sworn too hard a keeping oath, Study to break it and not break my troth. Shak., L. L. L., i. 1. 66. [<troth, n.] To So says the prince and my new-trothed lord. Shak., Much Ado, iii. 1. 38.trothlesst (trôth'les or trōth ́les), a. [< troth+-less. Cf. truthless.] Faithless; treacherous. A trothlesse or perfidious fellow. Verstegan, Rest. of Decayed Intelligence (ed. 1628), p. 209. Now, trothless King, what fruits have braving boasts? Peele, Edward I. troth-plight (trôth'plit), a. [Early mod. E. trouthe-plyght.] Betrothed; espoused; affianced. [Obsolete or provincial.] This is your son-in-law,
Yn gamys and festys and at the ale Love men to lestene trotevale. MS. Harl. 1701, f. 1. (Halliwell.) zwan thre traitours at o tale to-gidere weren agein me sworn, Successive Positions of a Horse in Trotting. (After instantaneous photographs made by Eadweard Muybridge.) Sometimes he trots, as if he told the steps, With gentle majesty and modest pride. Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 277.This is true, whether they [animals] move per latera, that is, two legs of one side together, which is tolutation or ambling, or per diametrum, lifting one foot before and the cross foot behind, which is succussation or trotting. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iv. 6. Al ye maden trotenale [read troteuale] that I haved seid bi- forn; ze ledde me bi doune and dale, as an oxe bi the horn, Til ther as him is browen bale, ther his throte schal be schorn. Walter Mapes, Poems (ed. Wright), p. 337. I saw Lady Suffolk trot a mile in 2.26. Flora Temple AS. treówth, truth: see truth, the commoner has trotted close down to 2.20, and Ethan Allen in 2.25, And, arm'd in proof, dare dure a straw's strong push. Marston, Satires, i. 28. form of the word. The proper historical pron. 2. To ride over or about at a trot.
troth (trôth or trōth), v. t. plight; betroth.
I could wish that from hencefoorth he would learne to tell troth. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 560. Troth, and I would have my will then. Middleton (and others), The Widow, ii. 1. Moll. When will you come home, heart? Ten. In troth, self, I know not. Dekker and Webster, Westward Ho, i. 2.
Shak., W. T., v. 3. 151. That wench will be troth-plight to th' first man as will wed her and keep her i' plenty. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, x. troth-plight (trôth'plit), v. t. [Early mod. E. trouthe-plyght; troth-plight, a.] To betroth or affiance. Palsgrave. [Obsolete or provincial.] troth-plight (trôth'plit), n. [< troth-plight, v.] The act of betrothing or plighting faith, whether in friendship or in marriage. Shak., W. T., i. 2. 278. [Obsolete or provincial.] troth-plighted (troth'pli" ted), a. Having plighted troth; pledged. [Obsolete or provincial.] troth-ring (trôth'ring), n. A betrothal ring. Mrs. Browning, Aurora Leigh, ix. [Rare.] troth-telling+ (trôth'tel"ing), a. Truth-telling. Wycherley, Gentleman Dancing-Master, iv. 1. trot-line (trot'lin), n. A kind of trawl-line, consisting of a stout cord, commonly one or two hundred yards long, with baited hooks attached by short lines at intervals of two or three feet. One end of the line is tied to a stake or tree on the bank, and the other is sunk by means of a weight. The trot-line takes catfish and other bottomfish. See trawl. [Southern U. S.] trotter (trot'èr), n. [<ME. trotter, <OF. trotier, <ML. trotarius (cf. also tolutarius), a trotter, trotare, trot: see trot1.] 1. One who or that which trots; specifically, a trotting horse, especially one of a breed of horses noted for speed in trotting. A great part of the best trotters in the United States (where the breed has been brought to perfection) are descended through Hambletonian from the English thoroughbred Messenger. The mile record is now (1895) held by Alix, which in 1894 at Galesburg, Ill., trotted a mile in 2 minutes 33 seconds. On the race-track trotters are driven in light skeleton wagons called sulkies. See trot1, n., 2. Item, ther be bowt for yow iij. horse at Seynt Feythys feyer, and all be trotterys, ryth fayir horse, God save hem, and they be well Paston Letters, I. 531. My chestnut horse was a fast trotter. T. Hook, Gilbert Gurney. (Latham.) The trotter represents a breed which has not yet reached its limit of speed, and there are very few in the extreme front. It was just so with the running horses in the early days of that breed, so far as we can judge from the data we now have. W. H. Brewer, in Rep. Conn. Board of Agri. for Jan., 1890. 2. A foot. (a) The human foot. [Slang.] (b) The foot of an animal used for food: as, pigs' trotters; sheep's trotters.
trotter-boiler (trot'èr-boiler), n. One whose trotter-oil (trot'er-oil), n. An oil obtained in trottles (trot'lz), n. [Origin obscure.] The prickly comfrey, Symphytum asperrimum. trottoir (trot-wor'), n. [F., sidewalk, < trotter, trot: see trot1.] A footway on each side of a street; a sidewalk.
Paris is very badly lighted at nights, and the want of a trottoir is a very great evil. Sydney Smith, To Mrs. Sydney Smith. troubadour (tröʻba-dör), n. [< F. troubadour, < Pr. trobador (Pr. also trobaire = = F. trouvère) Sp. Pg. trovador: It. trovatore (< ML. as if *tro= Pr. pator), OF. trover, truver, F. trouver trobar Sp. Pg. trovar = It. trovare, find, invent, compose, ML. *tropare, compose, sing, <tropus, a song, orig. a figure of speech, trope: see trope, trover. Cf. trouvère.] One of a class
troubadour of early poets who first appeared in Provence, France. The troubadours were considered the inventors of a species of lyrical poetry, characterized by an almost entire devotion to the subject of chivalric love, and generally very complicated in regard to meter and rime. They flourished from the eleventh to the latter part of the thirteenth century, principally in the south of France, Catalonia, Aragon, and northern Italy. The most renowned among the troubadours were knights who cultivated music and poetry as a polite accomplishment; but the art declined, and in its later days was chiefly cultivated by an inferior class of minstrels. See trouvère. troublablet (trub'la-bl), a. [ME. troublable, < OF. *troublable, < troubler, trouble: see trouble and -able.] Troublesome; causing trouble; vexatious.
Lecherie tormenteth hem in that oon syde with gredy venims and trowblable ire. Chaucer, Boëthius, iv. meter 2. trouble (trub ́l), v.; pret. and pp. troubled, ppr. troubling. [< ME. troublen, trublen (also transposed turblen), < OF. troubler, trubler, trobler, also tourbler, turbler, torbler, F. troubler, trouble, disturb, ML. *turbulare, < L. turbula, disorderly group, a little crowd of people, dim. of turba, crowd (> turbare, disturb),: Gr. Tupßn, disorder, throng, bustle (> rupẞalew, disturb); see turbid, turbulent, and cf. disturb, disturble.] I. trans. 1. To stir up; agitate; disturb; put into commotion. =
An angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water. John v. 4. A woman moved is like a fountain troubled. Shak., T. of the S., v. 2. 142. 2. To disturb; interrupt or interfere with. We caught here a prodigious quantity of the finest fish that I had ever before seen, but the silly Rais greatly troubled our enjoyment by telling us that many of the fish in that part were poisonous. Bruce, Source of the Nile, I. 312. 3. To disturb in mind; annoy; vex; harass; afflict; distress; worry. Thou didst hide thy face, and I was troubled. Ps. xxx. 7.
Shak., Macbeth, v. 3. 38. This great Tartarian Prince, that hath so troubled all his neighbours, they alwayes call Chan. Capt. John Smith, True Travels, I. 33. He was an infidel, and the head of a small school of infidels who were troubled with a morbid desire to make converts. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xix. Nothing troubles social life so much as originality, or political life so much as the spirit of liberty. J. R. Seeley, Nat. Religion, p. 140. 4. To put to trouble, inconvenience, pains, or exertion of some kind: used conventionally in courteous requests: as, may I trouble you to shut the door?
We have not troubled to shade the outside of this diagram. J. Venn, Symbolic Logic, p. 281, note. trouble (trub'l), n. [< ME. *trouble, truble, trubuil, torble, turble, < OF. trouble, tourble, trouble, also a crowd, F. trouble, trouble; from the verb.] 1. Vexation; perplexity; worry; difficulties; trials; affliction. Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward. Job v. 7. When we might be happy and quiet, we create trouble to ourselves. I. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 205. 2. Annoyance; molestation; persecution. For "Ioseph shulde dye" playnly dyd they say, But pacyently all theyr truble dyd he endure. Joseph of Arimathie (E. E. T. S.), p. 38. Tyre alone gave those two powerful princes, Nebuchadnezzar and Alexander the Great, more trouble than any other state in the course of all their wars. Pococke, Description of the East, II. 84. 3. Disturbing, annoying, or vexatious circumstance, affair, or state; distress; difficulty. To take arms against a sea of troubles. Shak., Hamlet, iii. 1. 59. What was his Trouble with his Brother Geoffrey but a Bird of his own hatching? Baker, Chronicles, p. 53.
6502 Fears concerning his own state had been the trouble with which he had hitherto contended. Southey, Bunyan, p. 24. The trouble about owning a cottage at a watering-place is that it makes a duty of a pleasure. C. D. Warner, Their Pilgrimage, p. 193. 4. A source or cause of annoyance, perplexity, or distress: as, he is a great trouble to us.- 5. Labor; laborious effort: as, it is no trouble. Is twenty hundred kisses such a trouble? Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 522. Insomuch as they have not dared to hazard the revenue of Egypt by sea, but have sent it over land with a guard of Souldiers, to their no small trouble and expences. Sandys, Travailes, p. 40. 6. In law, particularly French law, anything causing injury or damage such as is the subject of legal relief.-7. A disease, or a diseased condition; an affection: as, a cancerous trouble. -8. In mining, a small fault. Also called a throw, slide, slip, heave, or check. Syn. 1-3. Inconvenience, embarrassment, anxiety, adversity, misfortune, calamity, sorrow, tribulation, misery, plague, tor ment. See the verb.
troublet, a. Same as troubly. troubledly+ (trub'ld-li), adv. In a troubled or confused manner; confusedly. Our meditations must proceed in due order; not troubledly, not preposterously. Bp. Hall, Divine Meditation, xvi. trouble-house+ (trub'l-hous), ". [< trouble, v., + obj. house1.] A disturber of the peace of a house or household.
Ill-bred louts, simple sots, or peevish trouble-houses. Urquhart, tr. of Rabelais, i. 53. trouble-mirth (trubʻl-mėrth), n. [< trouble, v., + obj. mirth.] One who mars or disturbs enjoyment or mirth, as a morose person; a killjoy; a spoil-sport. But once more to this same trouble-mirth, this Lady Varney. Scott, Kenilworth, xxxvii. troubler (trub'lèr), n. [< trouble + -er1.] One who or that which troubles or disturbs; one who afflicts or molests; a disturber.
3. Tumultuous; turbulent; boisterous. There arose in the ship such a troublesome disturbance that all the ship was in an vprore with weapons. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 1. 111. When cloudless suns Shine hot, or wind blows troublesome and strong. Wordsworth, Naming of Places, vi. 4+. Troublous; disturbed. In the troublesome times 'twas his happinesse never to be sequestred. Aubrey, Lives (Francis Potter). =Syn. 1 and 2. Harassing, wearisome, perplexing, galling. troublesomely (trub'l-sum-li), adv. In a troublesome manner; vexatiously. He may presume and become troublesomely garrulous. Charlotte Brontë, Shirley, xxiv. troublesomeness (trub'l-sum-nes), n. The state character of being troublesome. The lord treasurer complained of the troublesomeness of the place, for that the exchequer was so empty. Bacon. trouble-statet (trub'l-stat), n. [< trouble, v., + obj. state.] A disturber of the community; a disturber of the peace. Also used attributively.
Those fair bates these trouble-states still use
2. Restless; unsettled. His flowing toung and troublous spright. Spenser, F. Q., II. iii. 4. Some were troublous and adventurous spirits, men of broken fortunes, extravagant habits, and boundless desires. Motley, Dutch Republic, I. 501. 3. Disturbing; disquieting. They winced and kicked at him, and accused him to Ahab the king that he was a seditious fellow, and a troublous preacher. Latimer, Sermon bef. Edw. VI., 1550. My troublous dream this night doth make me sad. Shak., 2 Hen. VI., i. 2. 22. troubly (trub'li), a. [< ME. troubly, troubly, trobly, trubyly, trouble, trouble, < OF. troublé, trob pp. of troubler, trobler, trouble: see trouble, v.] 1. Turbid; stirred up; muddy; murky. In Ethiope alle the Ryveres and alle the Watres ben trouble, and thei ben somdelle salte, for the gret hete that is there. Mandeville, Travels, p. 156. not medle with Wyclif, Select Works, I. 14.
These fisheris of God shulden mannis lawe, that is trobly water.
A trouble wyne anoon a man may pure. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 201.
Thei loked towarde lanneriur, and saugh the eyr trouble, and thikke of duste. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 236. 2. Troubled; confused; distraught. It may fall sumtyme that the trubylyere that thou hase bene owtwarde with actyfe werkes, the mare brynnande desyre thou sall hafe to Godd. Hampole, Prose Treatises (E. E. T. S.), p. 31. The troubly erroure of oure ignoraunce. Chaucer, Boëthius, iv. meter 5. 3. Turbulent; tempestuous; stormy. The trouble wynde that hyht Auster. Chaucer, Boëthius, i. meter 7. trouflyngt, n. A Middle English form of trifling. [< ME. trough, trogh, trou, < trough (trôf), n. AS. trog, troh, a trough, a small boat (trohscip, trochscip, a cock-boat), = D. trog= OHG. MHG. troc (trog-), G. trog : Icel. trog = = Dan. trug Sw. trag, a trough; cf. It. truogo, a trough, < Teut.; lit. a thing of wood,' or perhaps 'a log' (sc. hollowed out); from the root of E. tree, AŠ. treów, etc.: see tree. Cf. trow2, trogue, and tray1.] 1. An open receptacle, generally long and narrow, as for water. Specifically-(a) A wooden receptacle or basin in which to knead dough. =
She lifted the mass of dough out of the trough before her, and let it sink softly upon the board. Howells, Annie Kilburn, xiv. (b) A large vessel, usually oblong, designed to hold water or food for animals.
One meets everywhere in the roads [of Switzerland] with fountains continually running into huge troughs that stand underneath them, which is wonderfully commodious in a country that so much abounds with horses and cattle. Addison, Remarks on Italy (Works, ed. Bohn, I. 519). (c) A conduit for rain-water, placed under the eaves of a building; an eaves-trough. (d) In printing: (1) A watertight box in which paper is dipped to dampen it for the press. (2) The iron or metal-lined box in which inking-rollers are cleaned and forms are washed. (e) In fish-culture, a hatching-trough. 2+. A small boat; a canoe or dug-out. If none had proceeded further then the inuentions of our predecessors, we had had nothyng in the Poets aboue Andronicus, and nothing in histories aboue the Annales or Cronicles of Bysshoppes, and had yet haue sayled in troughes or in boates. R. Eden (First Books on America, ed. Arber, p. xlviii.). There is a great caue or ditch of water where come every morning at the break of day twentie or thirtie canoas or troughes of the Indians. Hakluyt's Voyages, III. 454. 3. A concavity or hollow; a depression between two ridges or between two waves; an oblong basin-shaped hollow: as, the trough of the sea.
Where the trough of one wave coincides with the crest of another, if that crest be equal, the resultant motion at that point is null. This is the result of the mutual interference of waves. A. Daniell, Prin. of Physics, p. 129. 4. The array of connected cells of a voltaic battery, in which the copper and zinc plates of each pair are on opposite sides of the partition.-5. In chem., a vat or pan containing water over which gas is distilled.-6. In electroplating, a tray or vat which holds the metallic solution. E. H. Knight.-Glass trough. (a) A deep and narrow box of clear glass for holding objects for microscopic study in their natural liquids. (b) A similar device for holding the developing or fixing bath in dry-plate photography, in order that the changes in the plate submerged in the bath can be observed.-Pneumatic trough. See pneumatic. -Trough of barometric depression, an advancing area of low pressure, the line of places, lying transverse
trough to the direction of motion, at which the barometer has reached its lowest point, and is about to rise. In V-shaped depressions the advancing trough is frequently associated with a coincident advancing line of squalls. trough (trôf), v. [< trough, n.] I. intrans. To feed grossly, as a hog from a trough. Richardson, Clarissa Harlowe, VIII. 168. II. trans. To make into a trough, or into the shape of a trough. Proc. Soc. Psychical Research, III. 461. trough-battery (trôf'bat"er-i), n. A form of voltaic battery in which the glass or porcelain cells are replaced by a trough of wood or other insulating material divided into sections by insulating plates. Cruikshank's trough-battery consists of a trough of baked wood divided into cells by me. tallic partitions consisting of a plate of zinc and a plate of copper soldered back to back.
trough-fault (trôf'fâlt), n. In geol., two faults having nearly the same direction, but dipping toward each other, so that the mass of rock in Icluded between them has more or less of the form of a wedge. The fault-block in such cases is triangular in cross-section, instead of being rectangular, as it would be if the faults both had the same dip. In fish-culture, a trough-gutter (trôf'gut"èr), n. A trough-shaped member of the Mactrida (where see cut), espe- cially the British Mactra solida and M. stul- torum. These have a shell of nearly triangular form, with thick opaque valves covered with brownish epider- mis; a V-shaped cardinal tooth is in one valve, with a long lateral tooth on each side, fitting into deep grooves of the opposite valve. Both species live buried in the sand near low-water mark. In some places they are es- teemed for the table, and in the Netherlands the shells are much used for making roads and paths. troult (trōl), v. and n. An obsolete form of troll, trounce (trouns), v. t.; pret. and pp. trounced, ppr. trouncing. [Early mod. E. trounse; < OF. troncer, cut, mutilate, Sp. tronzar, shatter, OF. tronce, a piece of timber, tronche, a great piece of timber, a stump; cf. OF. tronc, trunk; cf. also tronçon, tronson, a truncheon; L. truncus, a trunk: see trunk and truncheon.] To punish or beat severely; thrash or whip smartly; castigate. [Now colloq.]
The Lord trounsed [discomfited, R. V.] Sisara and all his charettes. Bible of 1551, Judges iv. 15.
Well, sir, you'll dearly answer this: My master's constable; he'll trounce you for 't. Beau. and Fl. (?), Faithful Friends, i. 2. troupe (tröp), n. [< F. troupe, a troop, a company: see troop.] troop; a company; particularly, a company of players, operatic performers, dancers, acrobats, etc.
She showed me a troupe of faire ladies, every one her lover colling and kissing, chinning and embracing. Breton, Dreame of Strange Effects, p. 17.
6503 trout-spoon sers. planted by or new christened the trauses [read trouses], the name of trunk hose. =Syn. Breeches, Trousers, Pantaloons. Breeches are prop- erly short clothes, reaching just below the knee; the use of the word for trousers is erroneous and vulgar. Trou- sers is the old word for the garment common in Occidental nations to cover the legs of men; many, especially in Eng- land, still insist upon the word, and confine pantaloons to its historical sense. Many, however, especially in America, are satisfied with pantaloons (colloquially, pants) for trou- trousse (trös), n. [F., a bundle, quiver: see truss.] A number of small utensils carried in a case or sheath together; espe- cially, such a sheath with knives, tweezers, and the like, hung from the girdle, and worn during the mid- dle ages. Compare étui, equipage1, 4. The trousse several different trouts (not chars) of the western parts the Rocky Mountain brook trout.-Deep-water trout. (a) The great lake-trout. [Great Lakes.] (b) A weakfish or sea-trout, Cynoscion thalassinus. [Charleston, U. S.]-Dol- ly Varden trout, a Californian char, Salvelinus malma.- Galway trout, Salmo gallivensis of England.-Gillaroo trout, Salmo stomachicus of England.-Golden trout, the rainbow-trout. - Gray trout, a sea-trout-the sque- teague. See cut under weakfish.- Great lake-trout. (a) Salvelinus namaycush. See def. 2. (b) Salmo ferox of England.-Ground-trout, a malformed common trout (Salmo fario) of Penygant in Yorkshire, England, having a singular protrusion of the under jaw.-Lake Tahoe trout, a variety of Salmo purpuratus found in Lake Ta- hoe, Pyramid Lake, and streams of the Sierra Nevada. Also called locally silver trout and black trout.- Loch Leven trout, Salmo levenensis of Great Britain.-Loch Stennis trout, Salmo orcadensis of Great Britain.— Mackinaw trout, the great lake-trout. See cut under lake-trout, 2.-Malma trout, the Dolly Varden trout. Mountain-trout. (a) The black-spotted trout. (b) The black-bass, Micropterus salmoides. [Local, U. S.]-Ocean trout. See ocean.-Pot-bellied trout, the great lake- trout.-Red-spotted trout. (a) Same as brook-trout (a). (b) The Dolly Varden trout.-Red trout, the great lake- trout.-Reef-trout, the great lake-trout.-Rio Grande trout, Salmo spilurus, inhabiting also the streams of the Utah basin.-River-trout, the common European trout, Salmo fario.- Rocky Mountain brook-trout, Salmo purpuratus, the Yellowstone trout, or salmon-trout of the Columbia river. See cut under Salmo.-St. Mary's trout, the three-bearded rockling. [Local, British (Pen- ryn).1-Salt-water trout, a sea-trout the squeteague, or a related species of Cynoscion. See Cynoscion, and cut under weakfish.-Schoodic trout, the great lake-trout. -Sebago trout, the great lake-trout.-Shad-trout, the trout-shad or squéteague.- Shoal-water trout, the great lake-trout.-Silver trout. (a) A malformed common trout (S. fario) of Malham Tarn in Yorkshire, England, hay- ing a defective gill-cover. (b) The black-spotted trout, or mountain-trout of western North America. (c) The Lake Tahoe trout.-Speckled trout, the brook-trout.-Spot- One of different American trouts spotted is now rather a collection of trousseau (trö-sō'), n.; pl. trousseaux (-sōz'). [< F. trousseau, a bundle, kit, bride's outfit, trousseau, OF. trousseau, torseau, a little truss or bundle (cf. It. torsello = Pr. trossel = Sp. torzal), dim. of trousse, a bundle, truss: see truss. Cf. trousers.] 1. A bundle.There [in the 'scrutoire] lay the total keys, in one mas- sive trousseau, of that fortress impregnable even to armies from without. De Quincey, Spanish Nun, § 5. 2. The clothes and other outfit of a bride which she brings with her from her former home.trout (trout), n. [< ME. troute, trowte, < AS. truht, OF. truite, L. tructa, also tructus (ML. (1) with black (see def. 1 (b)); (2) with red-a speckled trutta, trotta), < Gr. τрúkтns, a sea-fish, ‹ трwyew, gnaw, eat.] 1. A fish of the family Salmonidæ, Salmo trutta, with blackish spots, common in the colder fresh waters of Europe, and highly esteemed as a food-fish and game-fish; any spe- cies of the same section of Salmo (see Salmo (b)); a river-salmon, salmon-trout, or lake-trout. (a) In Europe, under the names S. trutta and S. fario, numer- trout (see def. 2). (b) The weakfish or sea-trout Cynoscion (a) A variety of Salmo fario. See finnac. (b) The bastard trout.-Yellowstone trout, Salmo purpuratus, the Rocky See cut under Salmo.-Yellow Mountain brook-trout. trout, a malformed trout with the same defect as the silver trout (a). (See also bull trout, lake-trout, rainbow-trout, rock trout, salmon-trout, sea-trout.) trout (trout), v. i. [< trout1, n.] To fish for or catch trout. trout2+ (trout), v. i. [Var. of troat.] Same as troat.
troupial, n. See troopial. trouset (trouz), n. [Also trews, q. v.; OF. trousse: see trousers, truss.] Trousers; trews.[Ventidius] served as a footman in his single trouses and grieues.Holland, tr. of Pliny, I. 177. troused+ (trouzd), a. [< trouse+-ed2.] Wear- ing trousers; clothed with trousers. Drayton, Polyolbion, xxii. Also trowsed.trousering (trou ́zėr-ing), n. [< trousers + -ing1.] Cloth for making trousers, especially material made for the purpose. trousers (trou ́zėrs), n. pl. [Formerly also The youth and people of fashion, when in the country, wear trousers, with shoes and stockings.
Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 10. Trousers (bracca) were not worn till after the Parthian and Celtic wars, and even then only by soldiers who were exposed to northern climates. Encyc. Brit., VI. 457. On the abandonment of the latter [bases] these large breeches or sloppes became an important and splendid part of apparell; and while the long hose were either sup
Trousse, from a French illumination of 1350. a, the trousse. (From Viollet-le Duc's "Dict. du Mobilier français.")
European Trout (Salmo trutta). ous forms have been alternately combined and then sepa-
2. A fish of the family Salmonida and genus trow-sembling those called in Europe char. See Sal- Lake Superior.]-Black-finned trout, Salmo nigripin- See
Rere. To bellow as a Stag, to trout as a Buck. Réer. To bellow, to bray (in tearmes of hunting we say that the red deere bells, and the fallow troytes or croynes). Cotgrave. trout-basket (trout'bås"ket), n. An anglers' creel for carrying trout. It is usually made of willow or osier, and of a size capable of containing from ten to twenty pounds of fish. trout-bird (trout'bėrd), n. The American golden plover, Charadrius dominicus. H. P. Ives. [Massachusetts.] trout-colored (trout'kul"ord), a. Speckled like a trout: specifically noting a white horse spotted with black, bay, or sorrel. A place where trout-farm (trout'färm), n. trout are bred and reared artificially. troutful (trout'fùl),a. [< trout+-ful.] Abounding in trout. [Rare.]
Clear and fresh rivulets of troutful water. Fuller, Worthies, II. 1. trout-hole (trout'hōl), n. A sheltered or retired place in which trout lie. trout-hook (trout'hük), n. A fish-hook specially designed or used for catching trout. troutless (trout'les), a. [< trout +-less.] Without trout. [Rare.]
I catch a trout now and then,. ... so I am not left trout- Kingsley, Life, xxiii. less. troutlet (troutlet), n. [< trout +-let.] A young trout-line (trout'lin), n. A fishing-line specially designed for or used in fishing for trout. troutling (trout'ling), n. [<trout +-ling1.] A troutlet. trout-louse (trout'lous), n. Same as sug.trout-net (trout'net), n. The landing-net used by anglers for removing trout from the water. trout-perch (trout'pèrch), n. 1. A fish, Percop- sis guttatus, of the family Percopsida. See cut under Percopsis.-2. The black-bass. [South Carolina.] trout-pickerel (trout'pik"er-el), n. See pickerel. trout-rod (trout'rod), n. A fishing-rod specially adapted for taking trout. trout-shad (trout'shad), n. The squeteague. trout-spoon (trout'spön), n. A small revolving spoon used as an artificial bait or lure for trout.
trout-stream trout-stream (trout'strēm), n. A stream in which trout breed or may be taken. trout-tackle (trout'tak"1), n. Fishing-tackle specially adapted or designed for taking trout. trouty (trou'ti), a. [< trout1+-y1.] Abounding in trout.
Little inconsiderable rivers, as Awber, Eroways, and the like, scarce worth naming, but trouty too. Cotton, in Walton's Angler, ii. 231. trouvère (trö-var'), n. [F., < trouver, find: see troubadour.] One of the medieval poets of northern France, whose productions partake of a narrative or epic character, and thus contrast broadly with the lyrical, amatory, and more polished effusions of the troubadours. The works of the trouvères include the chansons de geste, the fabliaux, poems of the Round Table cycle, the "Romance of the Rose," "Reynard the Fox," etc. Also trou veur.
It is to the North of France and to the Trouvères that we are to look for the true origins of our modern literature. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 242. trover (tro'věr), n. [< OF. trover, F. trouver = Pr. trobar Sp. Pg. trovar = It. trovare, find, invent, < ML. *tropare, compose, sing. Cf. troubadour, trouvère, and treasure-trove.] Properly, the finding of anything; specifically, in law: (a) the gaining possession of personal property, whether by finding or otherwise; (b) a common-law action for damages for the wrongful taking or detention of goods from the possession of another. Originally this action was based on the finding by defendant of the plaintiff's goods and converting them to his own use. In course of time, however, the suggestion of the finding became mere matter of form, and all that had to be proved was that the goods were the plaintiff's and that the defendant had converted them to his own use. In this action the plaintiff could not recover the specific chattel, but only damages for its conversion. The action for such damages is now called an action for conversion.
= = = trowl (tro), v. t. [< ME. trowen, trouwen, treuwen, treowen, AS. treówian, truwian, believe, trust, confide, also show to be true, justify, OS. truon OFries. trouwa D. vertrouwen, trust (trouwen, marry), MLG. truwen OHG. triuwen, truwen, truen, MHG. truwen, truen, trouwen, trowen, G. trauen, hope, believe, trust, Icel. trúa = Sw. Dan. tro, believe,: = Goth. trấuan, believe, trust; connected with the adj. AS. treówe, etc., true, from a root (Teut. tru) found also in trust: see true, a., true, n., and trust.] 1. To believe; trust. =
Whoso wol trowe her love Ne may offenden never more. Rom. of the Rose, 1. 3215. Then repentant they 'gan cry, O my heart that trow'd mine eye! Greene, Isabel's Ode.
2. To think; suppose. Thei saugh the Castell so fer fro thens that thei trowed not the sounde of the horne myght not thider ben herde. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 605.
We'll ca' our horse hame masterless, Battle of Bothwell Bridge (Child's Ballads, VII. 150).
Said the Cardinal, I trow you are one of the King's Privy-Chamber, your Name is Walsh. Baker, Chronicles, p. 279.
Doth he thank that servant because he did the things that were commanded him? I trow not. Luke xvii. 9.
I trow, or trow, a phrase added to questions, and expres sive of contemptuous or indignant surprise: nearly equiv. alent to I wonder.
What tempest, I trow, threw this whale
English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 424. Same as drow3 and troll2. Same as truandise. Rom. of
trow (trou), n. trowandiset, n. the Rose, 1. 3954. trowantt, a. and n. truant.
6504 with a handle, used by masons, plasterers, and bricklayers for spreading and dressing mortar
A Middle English form of trowel (trou'el), n. [Early mod. E. trowell, truell; ME. truel, trulle, trowylle, < OF. truelle, truele, L. trulla, a small ladle, a dipper, dim. of trua, a stirring-spoon, skimmer, ladle.] 1. A tool, generally consisting of a flat long triangu lar, oval, or oblong blade of iron or steel, fitted
Trowels. a, Lowell pattern brick-trowel; b, bricklayers' trowel; c, London pattern trowel; d, Philadelphia pattern brick-trowel; 2,,g, molders' trowels;, pointing-trowel; 2, plasterers' trowel; j, corner-trowel; , garden-trowels.
molders for smoothing the surface of the sand and plaster, and for cutting bricks, and also by or loam composing the mold.
ashore? Shak., M. W. of W., ii. 1. 64. What have I done, trow, To bring these fears about me? Beau. and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, 2. the shape of the very broad, depressed beak, What ails he, trow? Chapman, All Fools, iii. 1. which is about as wide at the base as it is long. trow2 (trou), n. [A var. of trough.] 1. A trowlt, v. and n. An obsolete spelling of troll1. channel or spout of wood for conveying water trowsedt, a. See troused. to a mill; à flume: sometimes used in the trowseringt, n. An obsolete spelling of trouplural with the same sense: as, the mill-trows. [Scotch.]-2. A boat with an open live-well for fish; a sort of fishing-smack or lighter. To assist and counseil theym in theire byeng and bar. ganyng with the Bagers, such as bryngeth whete to towne, as wele in trowys as otherwyse, by lande and by watir, in kepyng downe of the market.
In one hand Swords, in th' other Trowels hold. 2. A gardeners' tool, like a small spade or scoop, used for taking up plants and for other purposes. See figs. l, above. The truel firste ful ofte it must distreyne. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 16. 3. A tool used in oil-cloth manufacturing to spread paint and remove what may be superfluous. It is made of steel, is 2 feet long, and very elastic, and has a handle near the broad ly and coarsely; hence, to flatter grossly. end. To lay on with a trowel, to lay or spread thick
truant epimera of the mesothorax not reaching the rounded cox. They are oval dark-colored beetles, usually with a rough surface. They feed upon decomposing animal matter, and many species are found about the refuse of tanneries and upon the hoofs and hair of decaying animals. About 100 species are known, of which about 20 are found in the United States, as T. monachus.
troy (troi), n. Short for troy weight. troy weight (troi wat). [Early mod. E. also Troie weight, earlier weight of Troy (weyght of Troyes, Arnold's Chron., p. 108): so called with ref. to Troyes, a town in France, southeast of Paris, of considerable importance in the fourteenth century. Nearly all the principal towns or seats of commerce in the middle ages had their own weights and measures, the pound, foot, gallon, etc., varying from one town to another, sometimes even from one quarter to another. The pound of Troyes in the early part of the fourteenth century was adopted to some extent in other places and in England, but was then specifically designated as of Troyes" (E. connection with a locality, the first element of Troy). Later, troy weight losing recognized became a mere attributive, and the phrase was thus generally reduced to troy.] A weight chiefly used in weighing bread, silk, gold, silver, and silver. It was brought into England in the latter part articles of jewelry, but now only for gold and 66 of the reign of Edward III., and was adopted for the coinage in 1527. The table of troy weight is as follows: Pound. Ounces. Pennyweights. Grains. 1 = 12 = 240 = 5,760 1 = 20 480 1 = 24
I had many flattering reproaches for my late truancy from these parties. Mme. D'Arblay, Diary, I. 563. Agent of truancy. See agent. truandt, truandingt. Old spellings of truant, truandiset, n. truanting. [ME., also truaundise, truwandise, trowandise, trowantyse, < OF. truandise, < truand, vagabond: see truant.] A vagrant life with begging. Rom. of the Rose, 1. 6664. truant (trö ant), n. and a. [Formerly also trivant; ME. truant, truaunt, truand, trewande, truont, trowant (= MD. trouwant, trawant, truwant), OF. truand, truant, a vagabond, beggar, rogue; also adj. truand, beggarly, roguish; Pr. truan (truanda, fem.), a vagabond, Sp. truhan = Pg. truão (ML. reflex truannus, trudanus, trutanus, trutannus), a buffoon, jester; prob. Bret.*truan, later (after F.) truant, vagabond (cf. truck, a wretch, truez, pity, etc.), = W. truan, wretched, truan, a wretch (cf. tru, wretched), etc.] I. n. 1t. A vagabond; a vagrant; an idler. = All thynges at this day faileth at Rome, except all onely these ydell trewandes, iestours, tumblers, plaiers, iuglers, and such other, of whom there is inow and to many. Golden Book, xii. 2. One who shirks or neglects duty; especially, a child who stays away from school without leave. I have a truant been to chivalry. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., v. 1. 94. To play truant, to stay from school without leave.Truant-school, a certified industrial school to which in Great Britain children who habitually absent themselves from school without leave, or who frequent the company of rogues or criminals, are committed by order of a magistrate, under the provisions of the Elementary Education Act, 1876.
duty or business, or attendance at some apII. a. 1. Idle; loitering; given to shirking dren who absent themselves from school withpointed time or place: especially noting chil out leave.
A truant boy I pass'd my bounds, T' enjoy a ramble on the banks of Thames. Cowper, Task, i. 114. 2. Characteristic of a truant; idle; loitering; wandering. Ham. But what, in faith, make you from Wittenberg? Hor. A truant disposition, good my lord. Shak., Hamlet, i. 2. 169. truant (tröant), v. [(ME. truanten, trobanten, truanden, < OF. truander, play the truant, < truand, truant: see truant, n.] I. intrans. To idle away time or shirk duty; play truant.
truant His backwardnesse in the Vniuersitie hath set him thus forward; for had hee not truanted there, he had not beene so hastie a Divine.
Bp. Earle, Micro-cosmographie, A Young Rawe Preacher. They lost their time, and truanted in the fundamentall grounds of saving knowledge.
Ford. Milton, Prelatical Episcopacy. II. trans. To waste or idle away. [Rare.] I dare not be the author of truanting the time. truanting+ (trö'ant-ing), n. [< ME. *truanting, truaunding; verbal n. of truant, v.] Same as truandise. Rom. of the Rose, 1. 6721. truantly (trö ́ant-li), a. [< truant +-ly1.] Truant; idle; inclined to shirk school or other duty. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 640.
Yet heere-hence may some good accrewe, not onelie to truantlie schollers. . or to new-entred nouices . . or to well-forwarde students.
Florio, It. Dict., Ep. Ded., p. [5]. truantly (trö'ant-li), adv. [< truant + -ly2.] As a truant. Imp. Dict. truantship (tröʻant-ship), n. [< truant +-ship.] The conduct of a truant; neglect of employment or study.
I would not haue the master either froune or chide with him, if the childe haue done his diligence, and vsed no trewandship therein. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 27. trub1 (trub), n. [See truffle.] A truffle. trub2 (trub), n. [Origin obscure.] A slattern. trublet. An old spelling of trouble. trubtail+ (trubʼtāl), n. A short, squat woman. Ainsworth. (Imp. Dict.) trubylyt, a. A Middle English form of troubly. truccaget, n. An obsolete spelling of truckagel. truce (trös), n. [Early mod. E. also truse, trewse; <ME. trewes, treowes, triwes, truwes, truwis, trues, trowis, triws, trus (> OF. trues), pl. of trewe, obs. E. true, a truce, pledge of reconciliation: see true, n. Truce is thus ult. a plural of true. Cf. dice, pl. of die, pence, pl. of penny, bodice, pl. of body.] 1. An intermission of hostilities; specifically, a temporary cessation or suspension of hostilities mutually agreed upon by the commanders of two opposing forces, generally for some stipulated period, to admit of negotiation, or for some other purpose. The batell thanne beganne new ayeyn; No trewys was taken ne noo poyntement, Butt strong feightyng and many knyghtez slayn. Generydes (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3006.
A temporary suspension of the operations of war at one or more places is called truce or armistice. A truce may be special, referring to operations before a fortress or in a district, or between certain detachments of armies; or general, implying a suspension of hostilities in all places. Woolsey, Introd. to Inter. Law, § 148. 2. Respite; temporary quiet or intermission of action, pain, contest, or the like. Take truce a while with these immoderate mournings. Beau. and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 4. Let me have truce, vexation, for some minutes. Shirley, Traitor, ii. 1.
3+. Reconciliation; peace. Behold the peacefull Doue Brings in her beak the Peace-branch, boading weal And truce with God.
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Ark. Flag of truce. See flag2.- Truce of God, a suspension of private feuds which was observed, chiefly in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, in France, Italy, England, etc. The terms of such a truce usually provided that such feuds should cease on all the more important church festivals and fasts, or from Thursday evening to Monday morning, or during the period of Lent, or the like. This practice, introduced by the church during the middle ages to mitigate the evils of private war, fell gradually into disuse as the rulers of the various countries became more powerful.
truce-breaker (trös ́brā ̋kėr), n. One who violates a truce, covenant, or engagement. 2 Tim. iii. 3. truceless (trös'les), a. [< truce + -less.] 1. Without truce: as, a truceless war.-2. Granting or holding no truce; unforbearing. truchmant, trudgemant (truch'man, truj'man), n. [Also trucheman, trouchman, truchment, trugman; <F. trucheman, truchement Sp. trujaman, Ar. tarjemān, an interpreter: see dragoman, drogman.] An interpreter. The great Turke answered them by his truchman. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 91. Having by his trounchman [read trouchman?] pardon crav'd. Peele, Polyhymnia. I am truchman, and do flourish before this monsieur. B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, v. 2.
trucidation; (trö-si-dā′shon), n. [< L. trucida tio(n-), trucidare, kill.] The act of killing. Cockeram.
6505 barter; hence, to traffic; deal; trade by exchanging commodities; bargain; negotiate: followed with with or for (with a person, for a thing).
Neithir would they take any money for their fruite, but they would trucke for olde shirtes.
Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 227. How brave is he! in a garded coat! You were best truck with him; e'en strip, and truck presently; it will become B. Jonson, Bartholomew Fair, ii. 1. you. II. trans. 1. To exchange; give in exchange; barter; swap: as, to truck knives for gold-dust. To buy, sel, trucke, change and permute al and euery kind and kindes of wares, marchandizes, and goods. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 259. To truck the Latin for any other vulgar Language is but an ill Barter. Howell, Letters, ii. 66. Then died a Rambler; not the one who sails And trucks, for female favours, beads and nails. Crabbe, Works, I. 117.
2. To peddle; hawk. = We showed him the wares we brought for him, and the cotton yarn we had trucked about the country. R. Knox (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 406). truck1 (truk), n. [< OF. troq, troc, F. troc Sp. trueco, trueque, exchange, barter, Pg. troco, change of a piece of gold or silver, troca, barter; from the verb.] 1. Exchange of commodities; barter. See truck system, below. =
And no commutation or trucke to be made by any of the petie marchants without the assent aboue said. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 228. The earliest form of exchange must have consisted in giving what was not wanted directly for that which was French troc. Jevons, Money and Mech. of Exchange, p. 3. wanted. This simple traffic we call barter or truck, the 2. Traffic; intercourse; dealing. [Colloq.] Much other trucke we had, and after two dayes he came aboord, and did eate and drinke with vs very merrily. Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, I. 82. 3. The truck system.
It is no doubt difficult to work the lumber trade, where gangs of men are despatched great distances, or the fishing trade, without some resort to truck.
Sir C. W. Dilke, Probs. of Greater Britain, i. 2. 4. Commodities for barter or trade. (a) Small wares; stuff; goods; gear; belongings; hence, rubbish. [Colloq.]
Retaining Tisquantum to send from place to place to procure truck for us.
Mourt's Journal, in Appendix to New England's Me[morial, p. 360. They gin' her a 'bundance of truck; I don't know what all; and none of 'em holp her at all. A. B. Longstreet, Georgia Scenes, p. 192. (b) The produce of a market-garden. [U. S.]-Truck Act. (a) An English statute of 1831 (1 and 2 Wm. IV., c. 37) requiring wages of workmen to be paid in coin or current money instead of goods. (b) A statute of 1870 (33 and 34 Vict., c. 105), also called the Truck Commission Act, which appointed a commission to inquire into the working of the act of 1831.-Truck system, the practice of paying the wages of workmen in goods instead of money. This practice has prevailed in Great Britain and else where, particularly in the mining and manufacturing districts, the masters establishing warehouses or shops on which the workmen in their employment receive orders from time to time for supplies of provisions, etc., the rest of their wages, if any, being paid in money at the end of the month, or in orders which may be discounted at the store. In some instances the workmen receive payment of their wages in money on a tacit or express understanding that they are to resort to the premises of their masters for such necessaries as they require. Under this system the workmen have often to pay exorbitant prices for their goods, and from the great facility afforded to them of procuring liberal supplies of goods in anticipation of wages, they are apt to be led into debt. The system was prohibited in Great Britain in 1831, by statute 1 and 2 William IV., c. 37, which requires that the wages of work men be paid in coin or current money, and not in goods. The system, however, still flourishes more or less openly. truck2 (truk), n. [Appar. (by corruption of trochus to *truckus, trucks, whence the assumed singular truck?)<L. trochus, a hoop, ML. a wheel, top, etc., <Gr. Tрoxós, a wheel, disk: see trochus. Cf. truckle.] 1. A small wooden wheel not bound with iron; a cylinder.-2. A wheeled vehicle,
truck1 (truk), v. [< ME. trukken, trukien, < OF. troquer, trocher Sp. trocar = It. Pg. trocar = truccare, truck, barter (OIt. also scud); origin of which there are many kinds, used for moving unknown.] I. intrans. To exchange; swap; or transporting burdens. (a) A small barrow with
truck-farm two very low wheels near one end, on which sacks, bales, boxes, or other heavy packages may be tilted to be moved
Trucks. a, hand-truck; b, crane-neck truck.
from one place to another; a sack-barrow. (b) A two-, three-, or four-wheeled barrow used for handling baggage at a railway-station; a baggage-truck. (c) A strong and heavy two- or four-wheeled vehicle, typically with small wheels and a low body, for carrying stone, iron, and other heavy loads. Trucks receive a number of descriptive names according to their use or construction, as stonetruck, cotton-truck, crane-neck truck (with a curved reach), building-truck (for moving buildings), etc. (d) An open railway-wagon, used for conveying goods by rail. [Eng.] 3. A group of two, three, or more pairs of wheels in one frame, for supporting one end of a railway-car or locomotive; a car-truck. The frame carried by the four wheels of a horse-car is also called a truck; but the term appears to be applied chiefly to the bogie-truck. See cut under car-truck.
4. In gun., a circular piece of wood or metal, like a wheel, fixed on an axletree, for moving ordnance. See casemate-truck.-5. A circular piece of wood fixed on the head of each of a vessel's highest masts, and having small sheave-holes in it through which signal-halyards are rove.
We painted her, both inside and out, from the truck to the water's edge. R. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 55. Back-truck locomotive, double-truck tank-locomotive. See locomotive.-Hand-truck, a two-wheeled barrow for moving freight. It has low wheels and a pair of upright handles. See cut a, above.- Hose-truck, a twoor four-wheeled vehicle for carrying fire-engine hose. Ladder-truck, a long four-wheeled vehicle for carrying ladders, hooks, and other supplies of the fire-service.Leading truck (naut.), a small cylindrical piece of wood with a hole in it, seized on to the rigging as a fair-leader for some rope.-Sack-holding truck, a truck arranged to hold sacks upright while being filled. It has a hoop to hold the mouth of the sack open. E. H. Knight.—Swingmotion truck. See swing-motion. truck2 (truk), v. t. [< truck2, n.] To put in a truck; send or convey by truck: as, to truck cattle.
"6 The first run of the blood from the cut throat of the animal is collected in round, shallow pans, which are trucked to cool shelves, where coagulation soon follows, and then the albumen is dried and sold to button manufacturers. Sci. Amer., N. S., LVIII. 376. truck3 (truk), n. [< It. trucco, a kind of play with balles at a table, called billiards, but properly a kind of game vsed in England with casting little bowles at a boord with thirteene holes in it" (Florio), Sp. truque, truck, truco, a push at truck, also a table for playing truck; pl. trucos, truck. Cf. troco, from the same source.] A kind of game (see etymology). Compare troco.
This is called the French game [of billiards], and much resembled the Italian method of playing, known in England by the name of Trucks, which also had its king at one end of the table. Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 397. truckage1 (truk'aj), n. [Formerly also truccage; truck+-age.] Exchange; barter. Without the truccage of perishing Coine. Milton, Reformation in Eng., ii. truckage2 (truk'āj), ". [< truck2 + -age.] 1. Conveyance by trucks or wagons.-2. Money paid for conveying goods or merchandise in trucks; charge for or the expense of conveyance by truck. (a) A beam truck-bolster (truk ́bōl”stėr), n. or cross-timber in the middle of a railwaytruck, attached by a center-pin to the body-bolster, and supporting the car-body. See cut under car-truck. (b) In a six-wheeled truck, a frame composed of two timbers at each end called spring-beams, resting upon springs, and one in the middle called a truck-center beam, the center-plate being secured to it, and the three timbers being connected by longitudinal iron bars or wooden beams. Truckee pine. See pinel. trucker (truk ́ér), n. [< truck1 +-er1.] 1. One who trucks; one who traffics by exchange of goods.
Let them not in; I know them, swaggering, suburbian roarers, Sixpenny truckers. Massinger, City Madam, iil. 1. 2. A truck-farmer; a market-gardener, or one who sells garden-stuff, especially at wholesale. [U.S.] truck-farm (trukʼfärm), n. market-gardening. [U.S.] A farm devoted to |
Which teeth in the permanent dentition are best suited for cutting or nipping off pieces of food?
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