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MV: IM (n.s.), INTEG (+), ID (−)*, INTR (+)*, EXT (n.s.)
Self-reported exercise (LTEQ);
Bivariate correlations; Multilevel regression analysis.* ID and INTR multivariate outcomes resulted from net suppression; thus, not considered by the authors.
BIV: ID (+), INTR (−)
Wilson et al., 2003 [58]
Experimental (12wk)
53 (83)
Adults (Mean 41.8 yr; BMI: 19.9 ± 3.0 kg/m2)
Canada
Exercise self-regulations (BREQ)
MV: IM (+), ID (+)
Self-reported exercise (LTEQ)
Bivariate correlations; Multiple regression analysis. IM and ID increased from pre- to post-exercise program
BIV: IM (+), ID (+), INTR (n.s.), EXT (n.s.)
Sweet et al., 2009 [102]
Experimental (12mo)
234 (38)
Inactive with type 2 diabetes (Mean 53 yr) on an exercise program
Exercise self-regulations (SRQ-E); Need support (HCCQ); Perceived autonomy (LCE); Self-reported exercise (MVPA, lifestyle, steps)
Groups: SDT-based weight loss treatment vs. controls
Higher need supportive climate, autonomy satisfaction, IM, IDENT, INTRO
Higher reported exercise (all measures)
Effect sizes; T-tests
Silva et al., 2011 [32]
Experimental (1 yr + 2y follow-up); RCT
221 F
OW/Obese women (Mean BMI: 31.5; Mean 38 y); RCT
Portugal
Exercise self-regulations (SRQ-E) at 1 yr and 2 yr; Need support (HCCQ); Self-reported exercise (MVPA)
Groups: SDT-based weight loss treatment vs. controls
Higher 2-yr EXT, INTRO and autonomous regulations
Higher 2-yr reported exercise
Effect sizes; T-tests
Legend: F, female; M, male ; BIV, uni/bivariate associations; MV, multivariate associations; IM, intrinsic motivation; INTEG, integrated regulation; ID, identified regulation; INTR, introjected regulation; EXT, external regulation; AMOT, amotivation; RAI, relative autonomy index; AutMot, autonomous motivations; CtMot, controlled motivations; Autonomy O., autonomy orientation; Controlling O., controlling orientation; Impersonal O., impersonal orientation; (+), positive association; (-), negative association; (n.s.), not significant. Superscript letters are used to signal associations between specific predictors and outcomes (check the ‘significant predictors’ and ‘outcomes’ columns when applied). (*) is used when specific comments need to be made (check the ‘observations’ column on those cases).