What does the office of management and budget do

OMB is responsible for overseeing Federal agencies’ information technology practices. As a part of this core function, OMB develops and ensures implementation of policies and guidelines that drive enhanced technology performance and budgeting across the Executive Branch. The Federal CIO heads OMB’s Office of E-Government and Information Technology (E-Gov), which develops and provides direction in the use of Internet-based technologies. The two major policies and guidelines are FITARA and FISMA.

With FITARA, the Common Baseline was set forth and the role of Agency CIOs was expanded with increased responsibilities through the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015. (Public Law 113-291. Sec. 831. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015.) Per OMB M-15-14, the specific requirements of FITARA include:

With FISMA, information security requirements were set forth based on NIST compliance documents. (NIST. Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) Implementation Project.) FISMA requires annual evaluations of the information security program at each federal agency, which are reviewed by DHS and OMB, and incorporated into an annual report to Congress. FISMA states:

• The Director [OMB] shall oversee agency information security policies and practices, including developing and overseeing the implementation of policies, principles, standards, and guidelines on information security.
• Not later than March 1 of each year, the Director [OMB], in consultation with the Secretary [DHS], shall submit to Congress a report on the effectiveness of information security policies and practices during the preceding year.

Each year, not later than such date established by the Director [OMB], the head of each agency shall submit to the Director [OMB] the results of [their agency’s] evaluation required under this section. (CIO Council. CISO Handbook.)

The largest office within the EOP (Executive Office of the President) of the US is named as the Office of Management & Budget (OMB). Its main responsibility is to generate the operational budget as well as estimate the quality of programs run by an agency, strategies, and processes to check whether they adopt the policies of the President, and organize inter-agency strategy initiatives. Mick Mulvaney is the present director of OMB. His duty is to report about these all functions to the President, the WHCS (White House Chief of Staff), and the Vice President.

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What Does the Office of Management and Budget Do? 

Following the B&A Act (Budget and Accounting), 1921, the BoB (Bureau of the Budget), the forerunner of the OMB was set up in 1921, being a part of the DoT (Department of Treasury). President Warren G. Harding signed it at that time. In 1939, the Bureau was shifted to the EOP (Executive Office of the President) and Harold D Smith used to run it in the period of the 2nd World War. During that time, there was a fast expansion of expenditures by the government. James L. Sundquist was a staffer at the BoB stated about the relation in the Bureau and the President that they were so close. Likewise, the succeeding Bureau Directors were like politicians, not like public administrators. In 1970, the Bureau was again organized into the OMB (Office of Management & Budget) under the administration of Nixon. The main members of the first OMB were Roy Ash as the head, Paul ONeill as the assistant director, Fred Malek as the deputy director and Frank Zarb as the associate director. There were 2 dozen more members as well. OMB was once again organized in 1990 in order to remove the discrimination in the budgetary and management staff by joining the double roles into everyone given the program examiner role in the RMO (Resource Management Offices). The purpose of the Office of Management & Budget is to prepare the budget proposal of the President to Congress. Besides, it has to supervise the administration of the agencies of the executive branch. It checks the efficiency of the agency programs, strategies and procedures. OMB estimates the rival funding demands in agencies and sets priorities of funding. It makes sure that the agency principles, reports, proposed legislation and testimony are in the consistency with the budget of the President and admin policies. Also, the objective of OMB is to supervise and organize the procurement of the administration, data, financial management, and regulatory plans. Its role is to assist in making the administrative management better, to set the best measures for performance, organized mechanisms and to eliminate any needless burden on the people. The development of budget and its execution is an eminent government level process controlled by the EOP (Executive Office of the President. There is a device through which the President makes the implementation of his plans, functions and priorities in everything from DoD (Department of Defence) to NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). It manages finances, IY and paperwork of other agencies. The President assigns particular duties to OMB practically, when the budget of the new year is announced. It also explains the role of hiring authorities in the development of the budget. The coordination of OMB is that it develops the proposal of the Presidents budget by issuing memoranda, circulars and guideline papers to the executive agencies heads. It works so closely with the executive agencies to ensure that the process of the budget proposals goes smooth. The executive branch completes the budget development process within one year step by step. At the 1st step, OMB informs the President about the economic conditions of the country. At the 2nd step, the OMB gives Instructions to the executive agencies about the policies in the spring season. It is called Springer Guidance. Next, the OMB with the executive agencies discusses problems related to the upcoming budget. All agencies receive circular A-11 in July in which there are clear instructions about the submission of the budget proposal. So, the agencies submit the budget in September. 1st Oct is the start fiscal year. The staff of OMB conducts a meeting with the representatives of the senior agency and discusses the budget proposal to check whether it fits the policies and priorities of the President or not. It points out the constraints in the proposal until the end of November. The director of OMB conducts a meeting with the EOP advisors and the President to bring the budget proposal under discussion which was set by the agencies. Then, it suggests a federal proposal. It notifies the agencies about its decision related to their budget requests. They can submit an appeal to the President and OMB in the month of December if they dont get satisfied with the budget. After that OMB and agencies present a document on the budget jurisdiction to the congressional committee, particularly the appropriation committee. Finally, on the 1st Monday of February, the President reviews and submits it to Congress for approval. It is also a responsibility on the part of OMB to prepare SAPs (Statements of Administrative Policy) with the President. It sets an agenda of the policymakers. Meanwhile, under review of the final budget, interests groups can request for a change in policy and affect the new year budget. OMB maintains legislation in case of policy conflicts. It ensures that the actions of the agencies have consistency with the executive branch. The role of the OMB is very influential and powerful in the government of the United States. Without a budget, the government cannot pay federal employees, it cannot run federal buildings, federal programs would simply stop and there would be a condition of Government Shutdown. However, Government Shutdown happens if Congress rejects the budget and policies. It is called Divided Government.

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is a United States executive agency formed in 1970 to, according to its mission statement on its website, "serve the President of the United States in implementing his vision across the Executive Branch." The OMB reports directly to the president and is the largest element of the Executive Office of the President. Among its chief responsibilities are managing the development and execution of the annual federal budget, overseeing federal agencies and executive branch operations, and coordinating and reviewing agency regulations.[1]

President Joe Biden (D) nominated Shalanda Young for director of the OMB on November 24, 2021.[2] The Senate confirmed Young on March 15, 2022, by a 61-36 vote.[3] The position was last held by Russell Vought. Shalanda Young began service as acting director of OMB on March 24, 2021.

Mission

The official OMB website gives the following description of the agency's purpose:

Background

The present Office of Management and Budget was organized in 1970 under President Richard Nixon. Its predecessor, the Bureau of the Budget, was established in 1921 as an agency of the Treasury Department. In 1939, control of the Bureau of the Budget was transferred from the treasury to the Executive Office of the President. The organization's responsibilities were expanded during the 1990s to include management as well as budgetary roles.[5][6]

Former directors of the OMB who later held higher offices in the federal government include George Shultz (Secretary of State), Caspar Weinberger (Secretary of Defense), Jack Lew (Secretary of the Treasury) and Leon Panetta (Secretary of Defense).[6]

Work

In addition to assisting the president in developing and implementing the annual federal budget, the OMB oversees executive agency performance, federal procurement, financial management, and information policy, reviews significant regulations issued by executive agencies, coordinates agency communications with Congress, and assists the president with executive orders and presidential memoranda.[1]

As of 2015, the OMB employed about 460 people.[7]

Regulatory review process

See also: Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs

According to its website, the OMB is responsible for reviewing and coordinating what are deemed "all significant federal regulations by executive agencies," including new and preexisting rules. This responsibility, carried out by the OMB Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), was assigned by President Bill Clinton in a 1993 executive order, E.O. 12866. The office reviews both draft proposals and finalized regulations; this review process includes an examination of the rulemaking agency's analysis of the costs and benefits of its rule. OIRA also attempts to ensure that executive agency policies reflect the priorities of the president.[1]

Leadership

The office of the director of the Office of Management and Budget is currently vacant. It was last held by Russell Vought.

A list of past OMB directors can be viewed below:[6]

Directors of the OMB Full History

OMB Director	Years in office	Nominated by	Confirmation vote
George Shultz	1970-1972	Richard Nixon
Caspar Weinberger	1972-1973	Richard Nixon
Roy L. Ash	1973-1975	Richard Nixon
James T. Lynn	1975-1977	Gerald Ford
Bert Lance	1977	Jimmy Carter
James T. McIntyre	1977-1981	Jimmy Carter
David A. Stockman	1981-1985	Ronald Reagan
James C. Miller III	1985-1988	Ronald Reagan
Joseph R. Wright, Jr.	1988-1989	Ronald Reagan
Richard G. Darman	1989-1993	George H.W. Bush
Leon Panetta	1993-1994	Bill Clinton
Alice M. Rivlin	1994-1996	Bill Clinton
Franklin D. Raines	1996-1998	Bill Clinton
Jack Lew	1998-2001	Bill Clinton
Mitch Daniels	2001-2003	George W. Bush
Joshua B. Bolten	2003-2006	George W. Bush
Rob Portman	2006-2007	George W. Bush
Jim Nussle	2007-2009	George W. Bush
Peter Orszag	2009-2010	Barack Obama
Jack Lew	2010-2012	Barack Obama
Sylvia Mathews Burwell	2013-2014	Barack Obama	96-0
Shaun Donovan	2014-2017	Barack Obama	75-22
Mick Mulvaney	2017-2020	Donald Trump	51-49
Russell Vought	2020-2021	Donald Trump	51-45

Note: Votes marked "N/A" represent voice votes or unrecorded votes. Missing votes will be filled as they are researched.

Budget

Office of Management and Budget Enacted Annual Budget YearBudget (in billions)% Difference from previous year

2016[5]	$.095	4.4%
2015[8]	$.091	2.25%
2014[9]	$.089	-1.11%
2013[10]	$.090	1.12%
2012[10]	$.089	-3.26%
2011[11]	$.092	0%
2010[11]	$.092	5.75%
2009[12]	$.087	N/A

Executive Office of the President

See also: Executive Office of the President

The Executive Office of the President (EOP) is a group of federal entities responsible for advising and supporting the president's policy agenda and administration. The EOP's composition has changed over time as different presidential administrations have added, transferred, and removed entities from the office.

Under the Biden administration, the EOP included the following 11 offices:

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Office of Management and Budget, "The Mission and Structure of the Office of Management and Budget," archived December 19, 2016
2. ↑ YouTube, "President Biden Announces OMB Director and Deputy Director Nominees," November 24, 2021
3. ↑ Congress, "PN1437 — Shalanda D. Young — Executive Office of the President," accessed March 16, 2022
4. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Office of Management and Budget, "Fiscal Year 2017 Budget," archived November 10, 2016
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 AllGov, "Office of Management and Budget, accessed July 13, 2017
7. ↑ Best Places to Work in the Federal Government, "Office of Management and Budget," accessed July 13, 2017
8. ↑ Office of Management and Budget, "Fiscal Year 2016 Budget," archived November 10, 2016
9. ↑ Office of Management and Budget, "Fiscal Year 2015 Budget," archived November 10, 2016
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Office of Management and Budget, "Fiscal Year 2014 Budget," archived November 10, 2016
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Office of Management and Budget, "Fiscal Year 2012 Budget," archived November 10, 2016
12. ↑ Office of Management and Budget, "Fiscal Year 2011 Budget," archived November 10, 2016