Term | Definition maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses) | |
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Term Database Management System (DBMS) | | Definition creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security | |
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Term Query-By-Example tool (QBE) | | Definition helps users graphically ensign the answer to a question against a database. One of the two primary tools for retrieving information from a DBMS | |
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Term Structured Query Language (SQL) | | Definition asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a database. One of the two primary tools for retrieving information from a DBMS | |
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Term | Definition the smallest or basic unit of information. Can include a customer's name, address, email, discount rate, etc. | |
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Term | Definition logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures | |
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Term | Definition provides details about data (i.e. size, resolution, etc.) | |
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Term | Definition compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model | |
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Term HierarchicalNetwork Relational Database | | Definition the three primary data models for organizing information | |
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Term Relational Database Model | | Definition stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables | |
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Term Database Management System | | Definition allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database | |
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Term | Definition stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event | |
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Term Attributes (Columns/Fields) | | Definition the data elements associated with an entity | |
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Term | Definition a collection of related data elements | |
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Term | Definition a field (or a group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given record in a table | |
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Term | Definition a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables | |
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Term 1. Increased Flexibility - handle changes quickly & easily2. Increased Scalability & Performance - handle large amounts with ease3. Reduced Information Redundancy - no duplicates4. Increased Information Integrity (Quality) - rules and stipulations that don't allow low-quality information 5. Increased Information Security - passwords, restricted access, etc. | | Definition Business Advantages of a Relational Database | |
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Term Physical View of Information | | Definition deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device | |
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Term Logical View of Information | | Definition focuses on how individual users logically access information to meet their own particular business needs | |
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Term | Definition the duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places | |
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Term | Definition rules that help ensure the quality of information | |
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Term | Definition a measure of the quality of information | |
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Term 1. Relational 2. Business Critical | | Definition Two types of integrity constraints | |
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Term Relational Integrity Constraints | | Definition rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints | |
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Term | Definition defines how a company performs certain aspects of its business and typically results in either a yes/no or true/false answer | |
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Term Business-Critical Integrity Constraints | | Definition enforce business rules vital to a particular organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints | |
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Term | Definition the person responsible for creating the original website content | |
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Term | Definition the person responsible for updating and maintaining website content | |
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Term | Definition Includes fixed data incapable of change in the event of a user action (content editor controls the information) | |
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Term | Definition includes data that change based on user actions (i.e. movie ticket ability, airline prices, or restaurant reservations) | |
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Term | Definition an area of a website that stores information about products in a database | |
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Term | Definition an interactive website kept constantly updated and reel cant to the needs of its customers using a database | |
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Term 1. Web browsers are easier to use than a query2. Web interface requires little change to the database model3. Costs less to add a web interface than to redesign the system4. Easier to manage content5. Easier to store large amounts of data 6. Easy to eliminate human errors | | Definition Data-Driven Website Advantages | |
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Term | Definition allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other | |
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Term | Definition takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes | |
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Term | Definition takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes | |
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Term | Definition builds a central repository for a particular type of information | |
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Term | Definition the science of fact-based decision making | |
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Term 1. Strategic2. Managerial 3. Operational | | Definition |
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Term | Definition employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations. Are considered structured decisions | |
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Term | Definition arise in situations where established processes offer potential solutions. Are made frequently and almost repetitive in nature. | |
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Term 1. Managers need to analyze large amounts of information2. Managers must make decisions quickly 3. Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques to make strategic decisions | | Definition Managerial Decision-Making Challenges | |
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Term 1. Problem Identification2. Data Collection3. Solution Generation4. Solution Test5. Solution Selection 6. Solution Implementation
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Term | Definition employees are continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change. make semistructured decisions | |
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Term | Definition occur in situations in which a few established processes help to evaluate potential solutions, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision | |
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Term | Definition managers develop overall business strategies, goals, and objectives as part of the company's strategic plan. make unstructured decisions | |
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Term | Definition occur in situations in which no procedures or rules exist to guide decision makers toward the correct choice. infrequent, extremely important & typically related to long-term business strategy | |
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Term | Definition a simplified representation or abstraction of reality. help managers calculate risks, understand uncertainty, change variables, and manipulate time to make decisions. | |
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Term Transactional Information | | Definition encompasses all the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of daily operational or structured decisions | |
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Term Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) | | Definition the capture of transaction and event information using technology to1. process the information according to defined business rules2. store the information 3. update existing information to reflect the new information | |
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Term Transaction Processing System (TPS) | | Definition the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) and assists in making structured decisions (i.e. payroll, order entry) | |
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Term | Definition the original transaction record | |
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Term | Definition encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions. includes transactional information along with other information. | |
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Term Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) | | Definition the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making | |
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Term Decision Support Systems (DSS) | | Definition model information using OLAP, which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action. enable high-level managers to examine and manipulate large amounts of detailed data from different internal and external sources | |
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Term | Definition checks the impact of a change in a variable or assumption on the model | |
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Term | Definition a special case of what-if-analysis, is the study of the impact on other variables when one variable is changed repeatedly | |
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Term | Definition finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output (reverse of what-if and sensitivity) | |
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Term | Definition an extension of goal-seeking analysis, finds the optimum value for a target variable by repeatedly changing other variables, subject to specified constraints | |
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Term Executive Information System (EIS) | | Definition a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, non routine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight | |
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Term | Definition refers to the level of detail in the model or the decision-making process | |
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Term | Definition a tool that tracks key performance indicators (KPIs) and critical success factors (CSFs) by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meet user needs | |
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Term 1. A hot list of key performance indicators, refreshed every 15 minutes2. A running line graph of planned versus actual production prices and inventories3. A table showing actual versus forecasted product prices and inventories4. A list of outstanding alerts and their resolution status 5. A graph of stock market prices | | Definition Potential Features included in a dashboard designed for a manufacturing team | |
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Term 1. Consolidation2. Drill-Down 3. Slice-and-Dice | | Definition Digital dashboards offer the following capabilities... | |
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Term | Definition the aggregation of data from simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information (i.e. sales data for store, region, etc.) | |
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Term | Definition enables users to view details, and details of details, of information | |
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Term | Definition the ability to look at information from different perspectives | |
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Term Artificial Intelligence (AI) | | Definition simulates human thinking and behavior, such a the ability to reason and learn | |
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Term | Definition various commercial applications of artificial intelligence. include sensors, software, and devices that emulate and enhance human capabilities | |
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Term 1. Expert Systems2. Neural Networks3. Genetic Algorithms4. Intelligent Agents 5. Virtual Reality | | Definition |
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Term | Definition computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems | |
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Term | Definition attempts to emulate the way the human brain works. analyze large quantities of information to establish patterns and characteristics in situations where the logic or rules are unknown | |
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Term 1. Learning and adjusting to new circumstances on their own2. Lending themselves to massive parallel processing3. Functioning without complete or well-structured information4. Coping with huge volumes of information with many dependent variables 5. Analyzing nonlinear relationships in information | | Definition Features of Neural Networks | |
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Term | Definition a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information | |
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Term | Definition an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem | |
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Term | Definition the process within a genetic algorithm of randomly trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome | |
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Term | Definition a special-purpose knowledge-base information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users (i.e. shopping bot) | |
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Term | Definition software that will search several retailer websites and provide a comparison of each retailer's offerings including price and availability | |
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Term | Definition a computer-simulated environment that can be a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world | |
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Term | Definition the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it | |
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Term | Definition maintains information about various types of objects | |
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Term Database Management System (DBMS) | | Definition creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security | |
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Term | Definition the logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures | |
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Term Relational Database Model | | Definition stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables | |
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Term | Definition stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event (i.e. appointment) | |
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Term | Definition the data elements associated with an entity (i.e. address) | |
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Term 1. Simple vs. Composite2. Single-Valued vs. Multi-Valued3. Stored vs. Derived 4. Null-Valued
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Term | Definition simple cannot be broken down into a smaller component. A composite can be divided into smaller components. | |
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Term Single-Valued vs. Multi-Valued | | Definition Single-valued attribute means having only a single value of each attribute of an entity (i.e. age). Multi-valued attribute means having the potential to contain more than one value (i.e. educational degree) | |
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Term | Definition a derived attribute can be calculated using another attribute called a stored attribute. (i.e. date of birth and age) | |
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Term | Definition used when information is missing or when no other value applies | |
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Term 1. One-to-One2. One-to-Many 3. Many-to-Many | | Definition Basic Entity Relationships | |
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Term | Definition A one-to-one relationship (1:1) is between two entities in which an instance of one entity can be related to only one instance of a related entity | |
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Term | Definition Most relational databases are constructed this way. A one-to-many relationship (1:M) is between two entities in which an instance of one entity can be related to many instances of a related entity. | |
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Term | Definition A many-to-many relationship (M:N) is between two entities in which an instance of one entity is related to many instances of another and one instance of the other can be related to many instances of the first entity | |
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Term | Definition exist to represent the relationship between two other entities. | |
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Term | Definition expresses the specific number of instances in an entity | |
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Term | Definition is composed of rows and columns that represent an entity | |
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Term | Definition is a characteristic of a table | |
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Term | Definition is a collection of related data elements | |
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Term (1) only one value is allowed at the intersection of a field and record, (2) each record needs to be unique, (3) a record much have an entity identifier, or primary key, which is a field(s) that uniquely identifies a given record in a table | | Definition |
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