Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of

Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of

molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

When sugar is mixed with water, equilibrium is reached when

the dissolved sugar molecules are evenly distributed throughout the solution.

The rate of diffusion is affected by which of the following?

temperature, size of molecules, and steepness of the concentration gradient

The molecules in a solid lump of sugar do not move.

Diffusion is one of the processes whereby materials are exchanged between a cell and its environment.

Facilitated diffusion requires

Facilitated diffusion occurs

in either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule.

Facilitated diffusion is used to transport

Unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion requires energy expenditure by the cell.

Facilitated diffusion requires a specific transporter for a specific molecule.

Osmosis is best defined as the movement of

water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic medium will

A 5% urea solution is hypotonic to a 10% urea solution.

If a cell is placed in an isotonic medium, there will be no net movement of water.

Proton pumps are protein complexes that

pump protons from the interior of the cell to the exterior.

Synthesis of ATP via a proton gradient is called

Which of the following is the enzyme used to synthesize ATP?

ATP phosphodiesterase ATP hydrolase ATP kinase ATP phosphorylase none of these choices are correct

The protons are generated during oxidation reactions.

The membrane is permeable to protons.

Sugars can be transported into cells against their concentration gradient because of

Which of the following is an example of antiport?

coupling of the inward movement of Na+ with the outward movement of Ca ++

Which of the following is the most direct source of energy for cotransport?Term

the movement of one of the transported substances down its concentration gradient

The sodium-potassium pump maintains a high sodium ion concentration in the cell.

Both symport and antiport require transport proteins.

Passive transport moves materials in and out of a cell down a concentration gradient

Passive diffusion moves molecules down a concentration gradient using transport proteins

ATP is a minor part of passive diffusion but a major part of active transport

Passive diffusion across the plasma membrane is sufficient to provide the water needs of growing plant cells

Active transport moves materials down a concentration gradient faster than passive diffusion

Active transport requires proton pumps to establish an electrochemical gradient

Active transport is an important aspect of root function

Water always moves form (1) water to (1) water potential

Because solutes (1) water potential, water movement in cells is influenced by their concentration

therefore, in a hypotonic solution with few solutes, water will move (1) a plant cell and keep the cell (2)

in a (1) water moves (2) the cell and the cell becomes (3)

-hypotonic solution
-out of
-plasmolyzed

in an (1) solution, the movement of water in and out of the cell is equal and the cell is (2)

Researchers genetically engineer a plant so that it has fewer functional active transport proteins produced in its root hairs. As a consequence, you would expect which of the following changes in the plant’s physiology relative to an unmodified plant?

-higher nutrient concentrations in the root
-increased water flow into the root
-unchanged water flow into the root
-unchanged nutrient concentrations in the root

If a plant had no Casparian strips

ions would pass through the endodermis apoplast.

Choose the statements that apply to transpiration in the cohesion-tension theory.

Water pressure builds in roots to drive water up the plant

Which of the following properties of water does not play a role in transpiration?

Absucission is a strategy for coping with (1) stress in which plants (2) leaves

by doing this, they avoid (1) leaf water potential and the risk if (2) in the (3) 

this also (1) the amount of leaf area that must be supported by the (2)

this strategy is used by plants in deserts that experience regular (1) and plants in temperate zones that experience dry conditions in (2) 

During the process of translocation, materials are transported in the _____ via _____.

phloem, pressure-bulk flow

Plants move materials (1) distance in xylem and phloem via (2)

the movement is driven by difference in water (1)

in xylem, bulk flow is called transpiration which uses (1) among water molecules and tension caused by (2)

bulk flow in phloem is driven by (1)

dissolved substance in phloem cells (1) water potential or those cells which cause (2) to move into them

increased (1) pressure then moves substance in phloem form (2) such as leaf to a (3) such as a developing fruit.

The ______ transports __________ from root to shoot.

xylem; water and minerals

The ______ transports __________ from root to shoot.

xylem; water and minerals

Which feature of root anatomy contributes to the exclusion of potentially toxic substances from the xylem?

Symplastic transport allows water and solutes to move from one cell to another without crossing plasma membranes.

What specialized feature of tracheids allows them to contribute to structural support as well as transport?

Root pressure is important in

What is responsible for cohesion between water molecules?

Sieve-tube elements are characteristics of

Phloem transport is driven by

The direction of phloem transport is best described as

What is the movement of simple diffusion?

What describes simple diffusion quizlet?