The major difference between conduction and induction is that conduction allows the charging of a neutral body with a charged body by forming a direct contact with it. While induction is the process of charging a neutral body by a charged body without making any direct contact. Show
Both conduction and induction refers to the two different ways that causes charging of neutral bodies. Here we will see what major differentiating factors exist between the two. Content: Conduction Vs Induction
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Definition of ConductionConduction is a phenomenon of transferring of energy from a charged body to an uncharged body by direct contact. We know that a current through a conductor flows when a difference in potential exists between its two ends. As due to the difference in potential, the electric field exists across the conductor. This electric field applies electrostatic force on the charges, due to which charges move and the movement of charges generates electric current. Now the question arises how charges from one body can be transferred to another body? For this, consider that we have a negatively charged cylindrical rod which is placed in contact with a neutral sphere (having an equal number of electrons and protons).  So, due to direct contact, the current flowing through one conductor (i.e., rod), begins to flow through the neutral body placed in contact as well. This is so because due to direct contact, the field in both the bodies in contact changes simultaneously. Thus charges now starts to drift from one body to another. This leads flow of current due to conduction in both the bodies. Definition of InductionA phenomenon that causes an uncharged body to get electrically charged by placing it near a charged conductor is known as induction. For induction to take place, the two bodies must be placed nearer to each other. We have already discussed that current in any conductor flows due to the movement of charge carriers. Suppose we have a negatively charged body, so the movement of the charges inside the body generates electric current. We know that when current flows through a conductor then the magnetic field is produced across it. And according to Faraday when an uncharged body is placed in a region where the magnetic field is present then the electric field gets generated inside it. More simply we can say charges of opposite polarity present in the charged body get induced to the uncharged body. Thus the generated electric field in the second body causes flow of current through it in the opposite direction. It is noteworthy here that the magnetic field shows variation according to the change in the electric field of initially charged conductor and so the induced electric field in the other body. Thus in this way, we can say that current flowing to one conductor gets induced in the other conductor placed near to it.
So, this discussion simply concludes that conduction allows the charge flow due to electric field produced inside it. But induction permits flow of charge carriers due to change in magnetic field. Electric Charge is a fundamental property of matter and never found free. There are two kinds of electric charges namely positive and negative charges. If a body has an excess of electrons, it is said to be negatively charged and if it is deficient in electrons, it is said to be positively charged. When a body is positively charged, its mass slightly decreases. When a body is negatively charged, its mass slightly increases. Special Cases: Read More: Conductors and Insulators The process of making a neutral body into a charged body is known as electrification. Electrification is a universal phenomenon. A body can be electrically charged by anyone of the following three ways: The electricity (i.e. transfer of electrons) that is produced due to friction is called frictional electricity. When we rub two neutral bodies, there will be some transfer of electrons from one body to the other due to structural modifications because of the frictional forces acting on them. In this method, one of the bodies acquires a negative charge while the other gets a positive charge, both of which are equal in magnitude. The substances mentioned below are called electric series and they are arranged in such a manner that if any two of them rubbed together, the one occurring earlier would be positively charged. Glass, Flannel, Wool, Silk, Sealing wax, Hard metal, Hard rubber, Resin, Sulphur, etc. Explanation: If we select glass and silk, the glass will acquire a positive charge while silk will get a negative charge when a glass rod is rubbed with silk. Charging by ContactA neutral body can be charged by making contact with a charged body. Here, the body will acquire a charge that is the same as that of the charging body. Thus, by contact, a similar charge is formed on both bodies. In this method, the electric charge on the first body decreases. Charging by Electrostatic InductionAn induction always precedes attraction. The polarisation of charges in a body when a charged body is present near that is called induction. In induction, a charged body is brought near an uncharged body. Then the uncharged body acquires a charge opposite in sign to that of the charged body. Induced charge on dielectric slab of dielectric constant K is \(\begin{array}{l}{{q}^{1}}=-q\left[ 1-\frac{1}{K} \right]\end{array} \) .Without a decrease in charge of the body, which induces by the method of induction, bodies can be charged continuously. Related TopicsVideo Lessons
Electric Charge and Methods of Charging, Electric Fields
Positive and negative are the two types of charges.
The charge of the proton is equal to that of an electron in magnitude but opposite in charge.
Yes. A charged particle will attract lighter uncharged bodies.
The process of charging a neutral conductor by bringing it into contact with the charged body is called charging by conduction.
Charging a conductor by bringing a charged body close to it but not in contact with the conductor is called induction.
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In which process is the charge generated on an uncharged body of the opposite nature as the charge on the charged body?
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